Academic literature on the topic 'Cost-based appraising method'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cost-based appraising method"
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Teru, Susan Peter, Innocent F. Idoko, and Philip Audu. "Accounting Information System: A Prevailing Tool for Appraising Firm Performance." International Journal of Accounting & Finance Review 2, no. 2 (July 24, 2018): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijafr.v2i2.26.
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The advancement in technology has enabled companies to generate and use accounting information system. Accounting information system (AIS) is a computer-based application which conveys a new inclination of change from the conservative method of accounting to a computerised method. These advances in information and communication technology (ICT) have reduced the time and cost of transactions by aiding increased and improved transactions and communication for business dealings. It has also improved and advanced the efficiency of businesses by computerising existing operations to improve the performance of their operations. Accounting Information Systems (AIS) can be used by the organizations as a device for achieving a stronger, reliable, and more corporate culture to survive in this competitive environment. Accounting information systems also assist companies to gauge the risk of some operations or predict future warnings using sophisticated statistical software applications. The main objective of this paper is to examine the usage of Accounting Information System for effective decision making and improvedinternal control system on firm performance in which the qualitative data was used reviewing various literatures and other secondary data. This study providesvalue added in accounting literature given the scarcity of works dealing with the relationship between the application and use of AIS and evaluating overall firm performances
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Ren, Hong, and Jian Bing Liu. "Appraisal Model on the Values of the Green Ecological Real Estate Brand." Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (June 2011): 815–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.815.
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The real estate has become an important pillar industry in our current, green ecological real brand is one of the most important intangible assets of the real estate enterprises. How to appraise the value of green ecological real value is the difficult problem of the real estate enterprises and theory horizon, and is also the problem of the real estate enterprises very concerned about and urgent need to solve. This article analyzed the traditional methods of assessing the brand value assets ，the new appraisal method of green ecological real estate brand value is proposed based on the economic added value and the weighted average cost of capital model and β coefficient , the economic added value more reflects the objective earning power of green ecological real estate brand , the weighted average cost of capital models and β coefficient reflects the actual performance of green ecological real estate, the evaluation results approach the objective and reasonable results, The method provides an important technical support and guarantee for appraising the value of green ecological real estate brand.
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Pandey, R. K. "Export Promotional System in India." Foreign Trade Review 24, no. 1 (April 1989): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515890102.
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This Paper puts in propor perspoctivo tho role, which export promotion measures/system should play to ensure continuing �expansion and diversification of India's exports in the context of the highly competitivo, complex and fast changing international marketing environment. The entire export promotion system in India, according to the author, has to be overhauled and scientifically orientod to the oxport marketing promotion/development needs rather than just catering to the cost reduction/profitability enhancement objectives, which indeed have some, but very limited, contribution to tho export expansion and diversification efforts of the country. A popular method of appraising benefits from export promotion measures in India has been to compare the net foreign exchange realization from exports with the total cost of administering export promotion measures to national exchequer-a fiscalist approach. The benefit analysis of export promotion system in any country should, however, necessarily bo based on a comparison between Domestic Resource Cost of export promotion measures/system and the Domestic Resource Gain as well as Net Foreign Exchange Earning. The cost-benefit analysis in terms of cost of export promotion system and measures as compared with net foreign exchange earning resulting therefrom can, therefore, be treated only as a partial approach.
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Lam, Terence Y. M. "A performance outcome framework for appraising construction consultants in the university sector." Journal of Facilities Management 14, no. 3 (July 4, 2016): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfm-05-2015-0017.
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Purpose The UK Government construction strategy has a clear objective to maximise potential and value for construction and infrastructure projects. The purpose of this paper was to develop a performance outcome framework for the public-sector university client to identify the criteria for value against which construction consultants’ performance will be appraised for selection and monitoring purposes in outsourcing. Design/methodology/approach Multiple-case study method was used to examine the performance requirements of construction consultants, using three state universities having similar contexts in terms of organisation objectives and requirements on projects funded by the government. Findings Within the public-sector university environment, five performance outcomes are identified: time, cost, quality, innovations and working relationship with the client. These areas form a conceptual framework for measuring the performance of construction consultants. Research limitations/implications The performance outcome framework developed should be regarded as “conceptual”. University clients may have different organisation objectives and hence requirements for performance outcomes, which may further vary according to specific project situations. The framework should be adapted accordingly. Practical implications University clients and their professional advisors should specify the performance requirements under those five areas in tender documents for selection purposes and subsequently use them as key performance indicators to monitoring the consultant performance. Construction consultants should address these requirements in the tender proposals to add value to the project. Originality value There is a need to investigate what performance outcomes are required by the public-sector construction client. Based on the results of this research, frameworks and guidelines can be further developed for use by other public sectors, thus benefitting the wider public sector as a whole.
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Cramer, Nicholas, Abdo Asmar, Laurel Gorman, Bernard Gros, David Harris, Thomas Howard, Mujtaba Hussain, Sergio Salazar, and Jonathan D. Kibble. "Application of a utility analysis to evaluate a novel assessment tool for clinically oriented physiology and pharmacology." Advances in Physiology Education 40, no. 3 (September 2016): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00140.2015.
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Multiple-choice questions are a gold-standard tool in medical school for assessment of knowledge and are the mainstay of licensing examinations. However, multiple-choice questions items can be criticized for lacking the ability to test higher-order learning or integrative thinking across multiple disciplines. Our objective was to develop a novel assessment that would address understanding of pathophysiology and pharmacology, evaluate learning at the levels of application, evaluation and synthesis, and allow students to demonstrate clinical reasoning. The rubric assesses student writeups of clinical case problems. The method is based on the physician's traditional postencounter Subjective, Objective, Assessment and Plan note. Students were required to correctly identify subjective and objective findings in authentic clinical case problems, to ascribe pathophysiological as well as pharmacological mechanisms to these findings, and to justify a list of differential diagnoses. A utility analysis was undertaken to evaluate the new assessment tool by appraising its reliability, validity, feasibility, cost effectiveness, acceptability, and educational impact using a mixed-method approach. The Subjective, Objective, Assessment and Plan assessment tool scored highly in terms of validity and educational impact and had acceptable levels of statistical reliability but was limited in terms of acceptance, feasibility, and cost effectiveness due to high time demands on expert graders and workload concerns from students. We conclude by making suggestions for improving the tool and recommend deployment of the instrument for low-stakes summative assessment or formative assessment.
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Psalmen Hasibuan, Rijal, and Medis Sejahtera Surbakti. "Study of Pavement Condition Index (PCI) relationship with International Roughness Index (IRI) on Flexible Pavement." MATEC Web of Conferences 258 (2019): 03019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925803019.
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Road is an infrastructure that built to support the movement of the vehicle from one place to another for different purposes. Today, it is often found damage to road infrastructure, both local roads, and arterial roads. Therefore, to keep the pavement condition to remain reliable, in Indonesia has a periodic program by conducting an objective functional inspection of roads regulated by Bina Marga using the International Roughness Index (IRI). However, the IRI examination is not sufficient to represent the actual field condition; it is necessary to perform subjective functional examination by appraising the road one of them is Pavement Condition Index (PCI, ASTM D 6433). This method has been widely applied in some countries because it has many advantages. However, to do this inspection requires considerable cost, then there needs to be a model to get the relationship between these two parameters of the road. The selected case study was arterial road segment in Medan City, that is in Medan inner ring road. Based on the results of the analysis, there is a difference between the functional conditions of PCI and IRI. The equation derived from these two parameters is by exponential regression equation, with equation IRI = 16.07exp-0.26PCI. with R2 of 59% with correlation coefficient value (r) of -0.768. The value of R2 indicates that PCI gives a strong influence on IRI value.
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Marsh, Kevin, Axel Mühlbacher, Janine van Til, Christin Juhnke, Yookyung Christy Choi, Alejandra Duenas, Wolfgang Greiner, et al. "PP177 Health Preference Research In Europe: A Review Of Its Use." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 35, S1 (2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462319002691.
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IntroductionHealth Technology Assessment (HTA) and regulatory decisions involve value judgements. As patient groups, industry, and regulatory agencies conduct more preference studies to quantify these judgements, a better understanding of the methods and practices is needed. Currently, there is no systematic mapping of the use of preference data in Europe. This study aimed to identify (i) the use of quantitative preference data by all relevant HTA bodies and regulatory authorities of the European Union (EU) member states, and (ii) key standards and guidelines.MethodsThis study used a mixed method approach based on a systematic literature review, survey and subsequent interviews with decision makers and experts.ResultsA total of 62 survey responses were received. Many respondents reported that their agencies were responsible for supporting more than one type of decision, with 69.0 percent supporting approval decisions, 64.3 percent supporting reimbursement decisions, 61.9 percent supporting pricing decisions, and 64.2 percent supporting guideline development. Respondents reported that their agencies supported these decisions in multiple ways: 78.6 percent by assessing health technologies; 54.8 percent by appraising health technologies; 45.2 percent by compiling an HTA report; 7.1 percent by conducting primary research; 9.5 percent by conducting secondary research. More than 40 percent (42.9 percent) of agencies had the final say on one of the decisions of interest – approval, reimbursement, or pricing. Of the 31 countries studied, 71 percent (n = 22) used quantitative preference data in their reimbursement and pricing decisions. Of those, 86 percent (n = 19) used general population preferences to inform the estimation of quality-adjusted life years (QALY) as part of cost utility analysis.ConclusionsMuch of this use of preference data can be understood within the standard framework of economic analysis adopted by many HTA agencies; either in in the form of: standard ways to estimate QALYs; ways to broaden the impacts of technologies captured in the QALY; or ways to weigh health gain with other decision-making criteria, such as disease severity or innovativeness.
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Bhowmik, Chiranjib, Sreerupa Dhar, and Amitava Ray. "Comparative Analysis of MCDM Methods for the Evaluation of Optimum Green Energy Sources." International Journal of Decision Support System Technology 11, no. 4 (October 2019): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdsst.2019100101.
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The aim of this article is to select the optimum green energy sources for sustainable planning from a given set of energy alternatives. This study examines the combined behavior of multi-criteria decision-making approaches-TOPSIS, MOOSRA and COPRAS are used to evaluate the green energy sources–solar, hydro, biogas and biomass and to identify the optimum source by appraising its functioning features based on entropy probability technique. An illustrative case study is presented in order to demonstrate the application feasibility of the combined approaches for the ranking of optimum green energy sources. The analyzed results show that biogas is the optimum green energy source having the highest score value obtained by combined approaches. The sensitivity analysis shows the robustness of the combined approaches with the highest effectiveness. The study not only considers the various cost criteria but other actors like power generation, implementation period and useful life are also considered to select the optimum green energy sources for future project investment.
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McPhail, Jackie. "Evaluating evidence for stoma care nursing: appraising a randomised controlled trial of ostomy skin barriers." Gastrointestinal Nursing 17, no. 7 (September 2, 2019): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/gasn.2019.17.7.38.
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Background: Nursing practice should be evidence-based. As such, nurses should be able to rank sources according to a hierarchy of evidence and critically appraise the validity of studies. This is especially important in stoma care, where high-quality evidence is limited. Methods: Evidence appraisal is made easier by tools, such as the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) for Randomised Controlled Trials (RCT). CASP was used to critique the ADVOCATE Trial, ( Colwell et al 2018 ), A Randomised Controlled Trial Determining Variance in Ostomy Skin Condition and the Economic Impact (ADVOCATE Trial), which had an adaptive design and compared the cost efficiency and efficacy of a ceramide-infused two-piece skin barrier with a comparator. The participants were randomised, and the trial was double blinded. Results: The trial addressed clearly focused issues. The improvement in cost efficacy for the trial group was statistically significant (p=0.017); in addition, three of six tertiary objectives were also statistically significant. Improvement in peristomal skin health was noticeable but not statistically significant. The results can be applied to other ostomy patient populations, and all clinically important outcomes were considered. Conclusion: CASP provided a staged and structured approach to review an RCT. It can help specialist nurses to find and apply relevant study findings to practice. CASP assessment found the ADVOCATE trial to be a reliable evidence base on which stoma care nurse could adjust their practice to optimise costs and peristomal skin health.
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Baronin, Sergey, and Kirill Kulakov. "Development of life cycle valuation with priority of national projects and energy efficiency." E3S Web of Conferences 217 (2020): 07006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021707006.
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The paper studies changes in methodology for appraisal activity that pursues effective management of sustainable and breakthrough growth in economy and social sector through ensuring priorities of the National projects and resource efficiency when evaluating cost of life cycles as a result of value-centered management. Gravity to tackle economic problems of need to kick-start innovative high-tech investment cycles for the development of industries, enterprises and investment projects, built upon updated methodological framework for appraisal activity, defines the relevance of this study. In addition, a model to formalize processes of appraisal and management of costs and expenses in economic systems on the basis of life cycles of goods, products and services is proposed to be used as a bedrock of appraising concept. The goal of the study is to develop a set of sound methodological solutions for design of concepts of value appraisal of life cycles in appraisal activity in Russia. It should be done to make its reformation sufficient for cost management of sustainable and breakthrough growth of the country in social and economic fields through effective implementation of the National projects and resource efficiency. The objects of this study are processes of theoretical elaborations and concept-based approaches to the modeling of methodological grounds for value appraisal and management of life cycles of goods within the implementation of national projects by minimizing the cost of their cycles, lifecycle contract, total expenditures and ownership cost of life cycles based on the energy efficient and high-technology products. The applied methods dwell on a comprehensive approach which comprises analysis and synthesis, logical analysis, expert-based approach, methods of economic and mathematical modeling and forecasting.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cost-based appraising method"
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Valentová, Gabriela. "Stanovení rozdílu cen garáží v Olomouci." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233186.
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This thesis focuses on assessing the differences in prices of garages in various areas of the town of Olomouc. To state the differences two methods were used: the cost-based appraising method and the comparative method. In addition, market price were stated and compared to the administrative one. There were fifteen garages selected for the purpose of this text. In the first part of this work basic concepts are defined. The following part is descriptive and brings the town of Olomouc into focus. Further on, particular ways of appraising are explained. Next, the selected garages are introduced and appraised. In conclusion, based on given facts, the factors influencing prices of garages are assessed as well as the causes of discrepancies between prices stated with the use of different methods.
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Odehnal, Tomáš. "Srovnání vybraných způsobů ocenění pro nemovitost typu garáž na území města Brna." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232529.
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This master‘s thesis aim is to provide a comparison of methods in garage appraisals within the territory of the city Brno. This comparison is being done on several immovables and using multiple apprising methods. The acquired data are further evaluated afterwards. First, the garage market in Brno is analyzed. This is done by comparing the supply with the demand incl. those characteristics that could influence the prices of the immovable properties. This analysis is based on real-world data of garage sales from an estate agency. For the appraisal itself, 10 immovables of the type “garage” were chosen. These are then appraised using the cost-based and comparative methods. The location distribution of these estates in the territory of the city Brno and within the city quarters has been chosen in such a manner to provide the most different ones. Then the acquired data are being compared and statistically evaluated. Such information can be used in the practice when appraising of such immovables on the market with garages within the territory of the city Brno is being done.
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Janeček, Jan. "Stanovení rozdílu cen garáží v Prostějově." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233183.
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This thesis compares the selected type of property valuation methods in the garage area of the Prostějov. Due to instructions of the work, the methods of valuation were chosen: cost method, comparison according to law and comparison based on databases. The thesis consists of a theoretical part, where is the introduction of basic concepts, market analysis and valuation of real estate. This is followed by a practical part, where is the description of the site and the actual value of selected garages with their descriptions and photographs. Differences of ways of valuation and their causes, which are based on obtained data, are discussed at the end of work.
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Páleník, Petr. "Stanovení rozdílu cen garáží u RD v Olomouci." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232917.
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Master thesis is focused on determination of differences in ways of valuation in city Olomouc. Fifteen garages were used to price estimate in this city. The first part of work deals with basic terms and theoretical definition of methods of valuation. Due to instructions of the work, the methods of valuation were chosen: cost method, comparison according to law and comparison based on databases. In the following parts are described chosen garages and there is undertaken evaluation. Differences of ways of valuation and their causes, which are based on obtained data, are discussed at the end of work.
Book chapters on the topic "Cost-based appraising method"
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Bhowmik, Chiranjib, Sreerupa Dhar, and Amitava Ray. "Comparative Analysis of MCDM Methods for the Evaluation of Optimum Green Energy Sources." In Research Anthology on Clean Energy Management and Solutions, 231–62. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9152-9.ch011.
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The aim of this article is to select the optimum green energy sources for sustainable planning from a given set of energy alternatives. This study examines the combined behavior of multi-criteria decision-making approaches-TOPSIS, MOOSRA and COPRAS are used to evaluate the green energy sources–solar, hydro, biogas and biomass and to identify the optimum source by appraising its functioning features based on entropy probability technique. An illustrative case study is presented in order to demonstrate the application feasibility of the combined approaches for the ranking of optimum green energy sources. The analyzed results show that biogas is the optimum green energy source having the highest score value obtained by combined approaches. The sensitivity analysis shows the robustness of the combined approaches with the highest effectiveness. The study not only considers the various cost criteria but other actors like power generation, implementation period and useful life are also considered to select the optimum green energy sources for future project investment.
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Sahu, Anoop Kumar, Atul Kumar Sahu, and Nitin Kumar Sahu. "Benchmarking of Advanced Manufacturing Machines Based on Fuzzy-TOPSIS Method." In Theoretical and Practical Advancements for Fuzzy System Integration, 309–50. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1848-8.ch012.
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The evaluation of the most appropriate Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine tool is found foremost issue for sustaining the advanced manufacturing production units at competitive global market place. In last years, many evaluation parameter/ criteria/ issues (i.e. Cost [C], Tool Length [TL], Tool Diameter [TD], Metal Removal Rate [MRR], X-Y-Z-Axis Movement of Tool [AMT], etc.) carried out into account besides productivity, precision, accuracy, reliability etc prior to purchasing/electing CNC machine tools amongst preferred alternatives. This chapter exhibited a hypothetical case research pertaining to election of CNC machine tool under the qualitative parameter/criteria/issues excluding quantitative, where, subjective (qualitative) criteria are considered beside objective (quantitative) criteria and complexity to elect the best CNC machine tool is solved via subjective assessments of expert's panel also called the group decision making. In present research, TOPSIS algorithmic technique conjunction with Trapezoidal Fuzzy Number set (TFNs) is explored for appraising and benchmarking the preferable CNC machine tool options/ alternatives. Finally, a hypothetical case research is carried out to check the validity of proposed algorithmic technique for proposed module and exhibit the path for benchmarking alternative machine tools. The preferences orders are carried out in accordance with descending value of the ‘collective index'. Higher value of ‘collective index' reflects higher degree of performance.
Conference papers on the topic "Cost-based appraising method"
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Shah, Sunny, Hannah Buckland, Philipp R. Thies, Claire Cohen, and Tom Bruce. "De-Risking Marine Energy Project Development Through Improved Financial Uncertainty Analysis." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61667.
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The financial performance of a marine energy project is based on assumptions with significant uncertainty. To fully appraise the risk, potential investors require an understanding of the likelihood of deviations from the assumed most likely case for a project’s financial performance. A Monte Carlo Analysis (MCA) model with flexible user defined uncertainty definitions for all inputs is developed for this study. A realistic tidal energy project is used as a case study to compare the central, optimistic and pessimistic Levelised Cost of Energy (LCOE) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) values derived using commonly used deterministic methods and the probabilistic MCA model. The improvement in decision support due to the probabilistic analysis is shown and the possibility for misinterpreting the deterministic results in highlighted. Two sensitivity analysis methods are employed to identify key risks and emphasise the need to use the most appropriate method for the type of analysis being conducted. Finally, the significance of some commonly ignored parameters is tested and shown to be important for accurately appraising the investment risk in a real project. Thus this paper provides guidance and tools to help investors make informed decisions with confidence.