Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cost-based pricing

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Cost-based pricing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Cost-based pricing"

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Plinke, Wulff. "Cost-based pricing." Journal of Business Research 13, no. 5 (1985): 447–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(85)90024-4.

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Hameed, Omotola Ojodu, Victor Ajibayo Adeyeye, and Tosin Bulugbe Oluwasegun. "The influence of value-based pricing and cost-based pricing strategy on organisational performance in Nigeria." Lagos Journal of Psychology Volume 1, No. 1, September, 2023 (2023): 165–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10206561.

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The environment of business is competitive, as well as dynamic. Thus, businesses put up allnecessary strategies to outsmart one another, because the performance of each organisationdecides who will be the market leader, as well as market followers. One of the strategies that isbeing used by organisations is the pricing strategy. To this end, this research was conducted tofind out the impact of value-based pricing and cost-based pricing on organisational performance.Organisations considered in this study are businesses that produce either goods or services, henceinvolved in offering exchange. H
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Pfeiffer, Thomas, Ulf Schiller, and Joachim Wagner. "Cost-based transfer pricing." Review of Accounting Studies 16, no. 2 (2011): 219–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11142-011-9140-0.

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Hoang, Khanh Van, Thi Du Tran, and Thuy Duong Vu. "The Cost - Based Pricing: Research in Pharmaceutical Enterprise in Hanoi." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS 06, no. 06 (2023): 2417–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8041543.

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The authors investigated and evaluated the factors affecting cost-based pricing in pharmaceutical enterprises in Hanoi. Data were surveyed and collected from 77 pharmaceutical enterprises in Hanoi in 2023 and analyzed using statistical tools. Pharmaceutical enterprises in Hanoi include large-sized enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises. Survey subjects are mainly business administrators and accountants. The survey results show that there are three factors affecting the cost-based pricing method in pharmaceutical enterprises in Hanoi: (1) the degree of influence in price determinati
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Hoang, Khanh Van, Thi Thu Thuy Tran, and Thi The Vu. "The Cost-Based Pricing at Traphaco Joint Stock Company in Vietnam." JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, FINANCE AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES 06, no. 06 (2023): 2692–98. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8042534.

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This study presents some basic theories on cost-based product pricing methods in manufacturing enterprises. The study also analyzed and clarified the current situation of cost-based product pricing accounting at Traphaco Joint Stock Company in Vietnam, thereby evaluating the achieved results and pointing out some limitations of the current situation of product pricing at this company. From there, provide solutions to improve product pricing accounting on the basis of cost at Traphaco Joint Stock Company.
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Moses, Zingwina, and Masekesa Roni. "The Relationship Between Pricing Strategies and Profitability of Office Automation Entities: A Case of Harare Office Automation Companies, Zimbabwe." Indiana Journal of Economics and Business Management 4, no. 5 (2024): 8–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13969251.

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The study investigated the relationship between pricing strategies and profitability of office automation entities in Harare. The research adopted the mixed research methodology. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between pricing strategies and profitability. The research design was a descriptive survey. The study used interviews and surveys as data collection tools. The study findings revealed that there is a strong relationship between pricing strategies and profitability in the majority of office automation entities. The study recommended that office automation ent
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Amaral, Juliana Ventura, and Reinaldo Guerreiro. "Factors explaining a cost-based pricing essence." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 34, no. 8 (2019): 1850–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-12-2018-0373.

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Purpose Empirical studies have found that cost-based pricing remains dominant in pricing practice and suggest that practice conflicts with marketing theory, which recommends value-based prices. However, empirical studies have yet to examine whether cost-plus formulas represent the pricing approach or essence. Design/methodology/approach This study aims to address the factors that explain price setting whereby the cost-plus formula is not just the pricing approach but also the pricing essence. This examination is grounded in a survey conducted on 380 Brazilian industrial companies. Findings The
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Huang, Xiaoyun, and Ziwei Zhang. "Replenishment Strategy Model Based on Cost-plus Pricing." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 101 (May 20, 2024): 712–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/gaxy8z30.

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To formulate the commodity pricing replenishment strategy to meet the short-term profit demand of merchants, we established a pricing replenishment prediction model based on the sales-cost-plus pricing correlation. It integrates four-dimensional profit factors, taking the maximization of total profit as the core guidance and considering the objective impact of date. With ARIMA and random forest algorithm, the commodity cost and sales volume are predicted from the perspective of sales cyclical fluctuation. Finally, we constructed the optimal pricing linear function based on the goal programming
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Sahay, Savita A. "Transfer Pricing Based on Actual Cost." Journal of Management Accounting Research 15, no. 1 (2003): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar.2003.15.1.177.

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This paper analyzes a simple transfer-pricing policy based on the actual cost of production. I show that the performance of actual cost-based transfer pricing can be improved by using an additive markup above the unit production cost. I also show that this additive policy dominates an entire class of alternative markup policies, including the more common multiplicative policy, in which the transfer price is set at the actual cost plus a percentage markup. The optimal additive markup is shown to increase with increasing prices for the firm's product, and decrease with the cost of the supplying
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Fjell, Kenneth, Øystein Foros, and Debashis Pal. "Endogenous Average Cost Based Access Pricing." Review of Industrial Organization 36, no. 2 (2010): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11151-010-9238-8.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cost-based pricing"

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JÚNIOR, SERGIO LUIS FRANKLIN. "VALUING REAL OPTIONS FOR NETWORK INVESTMENT DECISIONS AND COST-BASED ACCESS PRICING." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29198@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO<br>Com o objetivo de estimular a competição no setor de telecomunicações, agências reguladoras do mundo todo têm adotado a regulação de preços baseados em custos para serviços de acesso e interconexão de redes. O processo de introdução da competição não tem sido fácil e muitos problemas têm surgido nos últimos anos relacionados com a definição de quais infraestruturas de rede devem ser disponibilizadas pela operadora incum
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Ek, Hanna, and Mie Månsson. "Prissättning inom B2B-företag." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54102.

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Syfte: Syftet med studien är att genom en flerfallsstudie analysera och söka förståelse för sambanden mellan prissättningsstrategier och prissättningsmetoder som tillämpas hos företag som riktar sin verksamhet främst mot andra företag, B2B. Analysen av empirin sker med hjälp av redan existerande teorier om prisstrategier och prissättningsmetoder. Trots studiens fokus på ett visst företag inom en viss bransch är ändå förhoppningen att studiens slutsatser ska kunna vara av intresse för B2B-företag med samma kostnadsstrukturer. Metod: Ramen för studien utgörs av en deduktiv ansats med kvalitativ
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Kitchenko, O. N. "Choice of marketing strategy of price determination." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2019. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/47019.

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Zobian, Assef Abdullah. "A framework for cost-based pricing of transmission and ancillary services in competitive electric power markets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10582.

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Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1996.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. [189]-198).<br>by Assef Abdullah Zobian.<br>Sc.D.
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Ellwood, Sheila. "Cost-based pricing in the NHS internal market : accounting choices and the achievement of economic efficiency." Thesis, Aston University, 1995. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10807/.

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Since 1988, quasi-markets have been introduced into many areas of social policy in the UK, the NHS internal market is one example. Markets operate by price signals. The NHS Internal Market, if it is to operate efficiently, requires purchasers and providers to respond to price signals. The research hypothesis is - cost accounting methods can be developed to enable healthcare contracts to be priced on a cost-basis in a manner which will facilitate the achievement of economic efficiency in the NHS internal market. Surveys of hospitals in 1991 and 1994 established the cost methods adopted in deriv
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Oraro, Michael P. O. "Capacity access in telecommunication networks : evaluating the symmetry of cost-based access prices using option pricing theory." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2784/.

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The search for an appropriate approach to pricing capacity access in telecommunication capacity networks has evolved variously in the literature through rate of return regulation, the Efficient Component Pricing Rule, price-cap regulation (RPI-X) and cost-based regulation, based on efficient forward-looking costs - all in search for an approach that would send signals for efficiency to the users of the access infrastructure and thereby facilitate the longer-term efficient development of access networks. In some literature and indeed in practice this search has for the time being settled on FL-
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De, Souza Antonio Artur. "Developing a knowledge-based decision support system to aid make-to-order companies in cost estimation and pricing decisions." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296684.

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Husain, Shakir, and Emre Yilmaz. "The Transfer Pricing Problem in a Service Firm : A Case Study on a Swedish Multinational Enterprise." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-260559.

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The purpose of this study is to answer the research question of how a service company (ServiceCo) could achieve a transfer price of its services. This is of particular interest, due to the growth of service firms that have rapidly increased and surpassed the manufacturing firms, as well as the dominant logic shifting towards services. However, the problem with this field of study is that transfer pricing with regards to the service industry, is a rather unexplored phenomenon in which the guidelines and theories are mostly directed towards manufacturing firms. This study uses a single case stud
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Cordeiro, Thiago Gondim. "MÃtodo de precificaÃÃo baseada no custeio meta e custeio ABC aplicado em uma microempresa pecuarista." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8646.

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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico<br>O processo de formaÃÃo de preÃo à de fundamental importÃncia para que uma empresa alcance uma rentabilidade satisfatÃria. Uma sÃrie de fatores internos e externos sÃo determinantes para esse processo, portanto uma anÃlise adequada e sistemÃtica dos gastos deve ser realizada de forma a detectar distorÃÃes e dar suporte ao tomador de decisÃo em vÃrios aspectos. Este trabalho objetiva desenvolver uma metodologia de precificaÃÃo eficiente e eficaz, com base no Custeio Baseado em Atividades e no Custeio-Meta, de forma a otimi
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Trivedi, S. N. "Utility-based social shadow pricing and its comparison with other evaluation techniques : A cost-benefit study of fuelwood plantations in Bihar, India." Thesis, Bangor University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384107.

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Books on the topic "Cost-based pricing"

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Campbell, Robert J. Competitive cost-based pricing systems for modern manufacturing. Quorum Books, 1992.

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Daly, John L. Pricing for Profitability. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2002.

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Ellwood, Sheila. Cost-based pricing in the NHS internal market: Accounting choices and the achievement of economic efficiency. Aston University. Aston Business School, 1995.

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Office, General Accounting. Medicaid: Three states' experiences in buying employer-based health insurance : report to the Chairman, Committee on Commerce, House of Representatives. The Office, 1997.

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Office, General Accounting. Medicaid: Three states' experiences in buying employer-based health insurance : report to the chairman, Committee on Commerce, House of Representatives. The Office, 1997.

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Office, General Accounting. Contract management: Guidance needed for using performance-based service contracting : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Technology and Procurement Policy, Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives. The Office, 2002.

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Daly, John L. Pricing for Profitability: Activity-Based Pricing for Competitive Advantage. Wiley, 2001.

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Oyer, Darrell J. Cost-Based Pricing: A Guide for Government Contractors. Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Incorporated, 2012.

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Cost-based Pricing in the NHS Internal Market. CIMA Publishing, 1996.

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Oyer, Darrell J. Cost-Based Pricing: A Guide for Government Contractors. Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Incorporated, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cost-based pricing"

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Helmold, Marc. "Value-Based and Cost-Based Pricing Concepts." In Management for Professionals. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10097-0_7.

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Schade, Jens. "Acceptability of Marginal Cost-based Pricing in Urban Transport." In Advances in Spatial Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24827-9_9.

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Verhoef, Erik T., C. Robin Lindsey, Esko Niskanen, et al. "Implementation Paths for Marginal Cost-Based Pricing in Urban Transport: Theoretical Considerations and Case Study Results." In Advances in Spatial Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77150-0_4.

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Sakurama, Kazunori, Kenji Kashima, Takuya Ikeda, et al. "System-Control-Based Approach to Car-Sharing Systems." In Advanced Mathematical Science for Mobility Society. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9772-5_8.

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AbstractIn recent years, car-sharing services have become a form of mobility-as-a-service (MaaS). These services and their demand are likely to increase owing to their high convenience to users. Nevertheless, the current one-way car-sharing service raises significant challenges to the operator, the most pertinent of which is the uneven distribution of vehicles. A straightforward solution for this problem is the relocation or rebalancing of vehicles by the operator; however, reducing the labor cost of vehicle relocation is a difficult optimization problem, which has attracted considerable resea
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Wagener, Hans-Jürgen. "Inefficiency and Lack of Transparency in GDR Foreign Trade." In Roadblocks to the Socialist Modernization Path and Transition. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37050-2_6.

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AbstractEast German foreign trade was one of the least productive sectors of the economy. Its institutional organization, based on the foreign trade monopoly, isolated the economy from the international markets. East German firms traded with their foreign trade firms, but not with their suppliers and clients. Its theoretical foundation was weak. Ricardian comparative cost was its starting point. The insistence on the labor theory of value, from which Ricardo deviated in this context, made it difficult to calculate comparative cost advantage and the gains from trade. In addition, a price equali
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Belausteguigoitia, Juan Carlos, Vidal Romero, and Alberto Simpser. "The Political Economy of Carbon Pricing: Lessons from the Mexican Carbon Tax Experience for the Mexican Cap-and-Trade System." In Springer Climate. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82759-5_7.

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AbstractPrice-based climate change policy instruments, such as carbon taxes or cap-and-trade systems, are known for their potential to generate desirable results such as reducing the cost of meeting environmental targets. Nonetheless, carbon pricing policies face important economic and political hurdles. Powerful stakeholders tend to obstruct such policies or dilute their impacts. Additionally, costs are borne by those who implement the policies or comply with them, while benefits accrue to all, creating incentives to free ride. Finally, costs must be paid in the present, while benefits only m
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Baur, Aaron W., Antony C. Genova, Julian Bühler, and Markus Bick. "Customer is King? A Framework to Shift from Cost- to Value-Based Pricing in Software as a Service: The Case of Business Intelligence Software." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45526-5_1.

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Yi, Bo, Yunhe Liu, and Xiao Wang. "Optimization of Ultra-High Voltage Direct Current Power Transmission Curve for High Proportion New Energy Bases." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-9184-2_30.

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AbstractWith the increase in demand for the construction of high proportion new energy base, the power transmission scale of Ultra-High Voltage Direct Current(UHVDC) is growing rapidly, and the characteristics of inter-provincial and inter-regional power transmission are affected by multiple factors, such as the randomness and volatility of new energy in the sending province, the peaks and valleys of the loads, the process of power shortages, and the new time-of use electricity pricing policy in the receiving province. Uncertainty issues are more prominent, and it has changed significantly com
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"Cost-based tariffs." In Telecommunications Pricing. Cambridge University Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511599002.006.

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Zhong, Shaopeng. "Reliability-Based Marginal Cost Pricing Problem." In Linear and Non-Linear Financial Econometrics -Theory and Practice [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92844.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cost-based pricing"

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Hao, Liweilong, Chengyou Chai, Yun Lv, and Liweifeng Hao. "Research on Cost Pricing Strategy Based on Random Forest Algorithm and Exponential Smoothing Model." In 2024 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Electrical, Automation and Computer Engineering (ICEACE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/iceace63551.2024.10898720.

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Song, Shiyong. "Evaluation of multi-stage influencing factors on investment cost pricing of pumped storage power stations based on AHP." In 2024 4th International Conference on New Energy and Power Engineering (ICNEPE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icnepe64067.2024.10860321.

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Felloussi, Marouane, Xavier Delorme, and Paolo Gianessi. "Minimizing Energy Cost in a Job-Shop Scheduling Problem Under ToU Pricing: A New Method Based on a Period-Indexed MILP." In 14th International Conference on Operations Research and Enterprise Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5220/0013181200003893.

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Yan, Honglin, Junqiang Sha, Rui Xia, Jian Ma, and Yi Miao. "Applicability of Pricing Basis for Green Construction Based on Life Cycle Cost Analysis: Taking Power Transmission and Transformation Project as an Example." In 2023 International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Communication & Convergence (ICI3C). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ici3c60830.2023.00104.

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Mousa, Soha, and Dhabia Al-Mohannadi. "Optimizing Industrial Heat Electrification: Balancing Cost and Emissions." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.113100.

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The electrification of industrial heat is a promising pathway for decarbonization, yet challenges persist in balancing capital costs, operating costs, and emissions reduction. While previous studies have assessed electrification through heat integration and graphical methods, these approaches do not inherently determine the optimal hybrid technology configuration. This study introduces an optimization-based framework that systematically evaluates the cost-optimal allocation of electrified and conventional heating technologies. Formulated as a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model and i
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McMillan, Chris. "Red Means Go, Polysiloxane Technology on the Roosevelt Island Bridge." In SSPC 2011. SSPC, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2011-00050.

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Abstract Coating technologies for bridges has not changed much since 1977. Available finish coat technologies were limited to alkyd, acrylic, or urethane based chemistry. Performance of these chemistries has declined over the years due to cost reduction in paint to meet project pricing requirements. Bridge owners and engineers have had a limited selection of high performance coatings to protect their assets. This is even more important with high profile structures where the finish coat needs to stand the test of time and limited maintenance funding has forced asset owners to extend time in bet
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Bergemann, Dirk, Tibor Heumann, and Stephen Morris. "Cost Based Nonlinear Pricing." In EC '23: 24th ACM Conference on Economics and Computation. ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3580507.3597697.

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Katsigiannis, Michail. "A cost-based pricing analysis." In 1st International Conference on 5G for Ubiquitous Connectivity. ICST, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/icst.5gu.2014.258049.

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Wang, Mei, and Dewei Li. "Highway Toll Pricing Customization Based on Full-Cost Pricing Method." In Fourth International Conference on Transportation Engineering. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413159.124.

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Sharma, Amita, Rohit Bhakar, and H. P. Tiwari. "Smart network pricing based on long run incremental cost pricing model." In 2014 Eighteenth National Power Systems Conference (NPSC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/npsc.2014.7103793.

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Reports on the topic "Cost-based pricing"

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Nowicki, David, Jose Ramirez-Marquez, Ilona Murynets, and Wesley Randall. Optimal Cost Avoidance Investment and Pricing Strategies for Performance-Based Post-Production Service Contracts. Defense Technical Information Center, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada544192.

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Pérez Urdiales, María, Analía Gómez Vidal, and Jesse Madden Libra. Pricing Determinants in the Water and Sanitation Sector: A Quick View of Heterogeneity in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004796.

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The dual nature of water as a finite resource and as a basic human right creates a tension that presents important implications for water pricing. Water tariffs are a key tool used by policymakers to create incentive structures that promote efficient use; at the same time, they can create barriers to access and ignore waters socio-cultural value if not calibrated properly. This conflict between pricing as to reduce over-consumption and to guarantee accessibility exposes the difficulty of optimizing residential water pricing, and the importance of progressive tariff structures in building more
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Beato, Paulina. Cross Subsidies in Public Services: Some Issues. Inter-American Development Bank, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008778.

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Pricing policy recommendations infrastructure services are based on two principles. One is that prices should cover the total cost of the service. The other is that cross subsidy schemes should be avoided. This technical paper explores the economic literature for rules on applying these principles to real world infrastructure services. The discussion is based on a partial equilibrium approach that uses market surplus as a proxy for social welfare and efficiency. Three main conclusions are reached in this paper. First, if a uniform price schedule is established and prices diverge from marginal
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Shen, Shiyu, Yuhui Zhai, and Yanfeng Ouyang. Planning and Dynamic Management of Autonomous Modular Mobility Services. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2024. https://doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/24-029.

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As we enter the next era of autonomous driving, robo-vehicles (which serve as low-cost and fully compliant drivers) are replacing conventional chauffeured services in the mobility market. During just the last few years, companies like Waymo Inc. and Cruise Inc. have already offered fully driverless robo-taxi services to the general public in cities like Phoenix and San Francisco. The rapid evolution of autonomous vehicles is anticipated to reshape the shared mobility market very soon. This project aims to address the following open questions. At the operational level, how should modular units
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Review and Comparison of Transfer Pricing Regulations in Latin America, the United States and the OECD Guidelines. Inter-American Development Bank, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008546.

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This report, prepared by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu transfer pricing specialists with the funding of the IDB, compares the transfer pricing regulations in the OECD guidelines, which constitute the international standard that OECD member countries have agreed should be used in analyzing transfer pricing issues between multinational enterprises and tax administrations, and the situation in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, the United States, and Venezuela. It concludes that transfer pricing policies are not exclusively about taxation. Transfer pricing regulations should enable tax administrations to obta
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Breve 24. The pharmaceutical price regulation in El Salvador. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004010.

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This policy brief is based on a webinar presented by Luis Alejandro Rivera, Chief of the Pricing Unit at the Dirección Nacional de Medicamentos (National Directorate of Medicines DNM) in El Salvador. The presentation was given on July 2019. Rising prices of medications are a global concern as healthcare expenditures soar and more patients are unable to access the medicines they need. El Salvador has managed to control and lower the price of prescription medicines for both innovator and generic medicines, while maintaining a well-functioning and cost-saving pharmaceutical market. This publicati
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Opportunities and drivers for SME agribusinesses to reduce food loss in Africa and Asia. Commercial Agriculture for Smallholders and Agribusiness (CASA), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240191175.

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Climate change, conflict, and the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath have caused a sharp increase in food insecurity globally. Reducing food loss - a decrease in the quantity and/or quality of food that takes place from production through to processing - in places where food insecurity is most severe has the potential to be a win-win for food security, climate outcomes, and for commercially driven agribusinesses. This report reviews the common drivers of food loss in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, which include inadequate storage, lack of cold chain, and poor post-harvest and distribution
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