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Hasselgren, Björn. "Pricing Principles, Efficiency Concepts and Incentive Models in Swedish Transport Infrastructure Policy." KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-123580.
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In this article the shift of the Swedish goverment´s policies for the financing through taxation, fees and prices paid for the use of roads and railroads from 1945 until the 2010s is discussed. It is argued that the shift from a full-cost coverage principle to a short term social marginal cost principle can be seen in the light of the controversy between a Coasean and a Pigovian perspective. The Coasean perspective furthers an institutional view where organizations and dynamic development matters while the Pigovian perspective furthers a welfare economic equilibrium view where organizations are less focused. It is argued that the shift in policies coincided with less interest and focus on the organizational perspective and incentives for organizational efficiency, which can be seen in the public documents from the time. The government seems to have been guided by a mar ket failure stance since the 1970s which has motivated growing intervention, following a mar ket-economy stance in the first 25 years after the nationalization of roads and railroads. A current opening in transport infrastructure policies with more room for alternative financing, user charges and fees might, even though also consistent with short term social marginal cost principles, signal a revival of a perspective more in line with the Coasean view.QC 20130614
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Solantausta, Yrjo O. "Cost and performance analysis of new wood-fuelled power plant concepts." Thesis, Aston University, 2000. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9628/.
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The objective of the thesis was to analyse several process configurations for the production of electricity from biomass. Process simulation models using AspenPlus aimed at calculating the industrial performance of power plant concepts were built, tested, and used for analysis. The criteria used in analysis were performance and cost. All of the advanced systems appear to have higher efficiencies than the commercial reference, the Rankine cycle. However, advanced systems typically have a higher cost of electricity (COE) than the Rankine power plant. High efficiencies do not reduce fuel costs enough to compensate for the high capital costs of advanced concepts. The successful reduction of capital costs would appear to be the key to the introduction of the new systems. Capital costs account for a considerable, often dominant, part of the cost of electricity in these concepts. All of the systems have higher specific investment costs than the conventional industrial alternative, i.e. the Rankine power plant; Combined beat and power production (CUP) is currently the only industrial area of application in which bio-power costs can be considerably reduced to make them competitive. Based on the results of this work, AsperiPlus is an appropriate simulation platform. How-ever, the usefulness of the models could be improved if a number of unit operations were modelled in greater detail. The dryer, gasifier, fast pyrolysis, gas engine and gas turbine models could be improved.
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Odhner, Lael Ulam 1980. "Functional thinking in cost estimation through the tools and concepts of axiomatic design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32772.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 27).
There has been an increasing demand for cost estimation tools which aid in the reduction of system cost or the active consideration of cost as a design constraint. The existing tools are currently incapable of anticipating the unseen or latent effects of design changes made in an effort to cut cost. This paper presents an example of how the tools and concepts of axiomatic design theory can be integrated with the parametric cost estimation process, and then presents a series of arguments for why tools such as these which examine the functional architecture of a system are useful for optimizing cost at the preliminary design level.
by Lael Ulam Odhner.
S.B.
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Chau, June, and 周宗欣. "Application of cost-effectiveness concepts to cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31225755.
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Chau, June. "Application of cost-effectiveness concepts to cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?
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Wiles, Stanley W. "Analysis of life cycle cost concepts and their implementation by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7930.
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CIVINSThe Navy, like many other federal organizations, is being faced with a decreasing budget. One of the Navy's biggest problems is that owning and operating their shore infrastructure is consuming too much of its limited resources. One way to reduce the cost of owning and operating the shore infrastructure is to plan and design facilities with lower life cycle costs i.e. , facilities with components that last longer, cost less to operate, and cost less to maintain. Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), as with all federal agencies, has been directed to perform economic analysis based on Life Cycle Cost (LCC) concepts on all Navy facility projects. However, in a recent study, NAVFAC found that a majority of their facility project areas were not using LCC concepts when conducting economic analysis. This paper will: (1) provide a brief introduction to life cycle cost concepts and economic analysis; (2) introduce NAVFAC and its role in the facility planning process; (3) summarize current federal policies regarding facility planning and LCC concepts; (4) summarize NAVFAC's report concerning the status of LCC in the planning process; (5) analyze and make recommendations to two main issues hindering NAVFAC use of LCC
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Yano, Jun-Ichi, Jean-François Geleyn, Martin Köller, Dmitrii Mironov, Johannes Quaas, Pedro M. M. Soares, Vaughan T. J. Phillips, et al. "Basic concepts for convection parameterization in weather forecast and climate models: COST Action ES0905 final report." MDPI AG, 2014. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A12408.
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The research network “Basic Concepts for Convection Parameterization in Weather Forecast and Climate Models” was organized with European funding (COST Action ES0905) for the period of 2010–2014. Its extensive brainstorming suggests how the
subgrid-scale parameterization problem in atmospheric modeling, especially for convection, can be examined and developed from the point of view of a robust theoretical basis. Our main cautions are current emphasis on massive observational data analyses and process studies. The closure and the entrainment–detrainment problems are identified as the two highest priorities for convection parameterization under the mass–flux formulation. The need for
a drastic change of the current European research culture as concerns policies and funding in order not to further deplete the visions of the European researchers focusing on those basic issues is emphasized.
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Khan, Mohd Rifat. "Designing Cost Effective and Flexible Vinyl Windows Supply Chain: Assembly Line Design Using CM/SERU Concepts and Simultaneous Selection of Facilities and Suppliers." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1501863274303785.
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Rodrigo, Clinton. "Basic Comparison of Three Aircraft Concepts: Classic Jet Propulsion, Turbo-Electric Propulsion and Turbo-Hydraulic Propulsion." Master's thesis, Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO), Department of Automotive and Aeronautical Engineering, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1204558019.
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Purpose - This thesis presents a comparison of aircraft design concepts to identify the superior propulsion system model among turbo-hydraulic, turbo-electric and classic jet propulsion with respect to Direct Operating Costs (DOC), environmental impact and fuel burn. --- Approach - A simple aircraft model was designed based on the Top-Level Aircraft Requirements of the Airbus A320 passenger aircraft, and novel engine concepts were integrated to establish new models. Numerous types of propulsion system configurations were created by varying the type of gas turbine engine and number of propulsors. --- Findings - After an elaborate comparison of the aforementioned concepts, the all turbo-hydraulic propulsion system is found to be superior to the all turbo-electric propulsion system. A new propulsion system concept was developed by combining the thrust of a turbofan engine and utilizing the power produced by the turbo-hydraulic propulsion system that is delivered via propellers. The new partial turbo-hydraulic propulsion concept in which 20% of the total cruise power is coming from the (hydraulic driven) propellers is even more efficient than an all turbo-hydraulic concept in terms of DOC, environmental impact and fuel burn. --- Research Limitations - The aircraft were modelled with a spreadsheet based on handbook methods and relevant statistics. The investigation was done only for one type of reference aircraft and one route. A detailed analysis with a greater number of reference aircraft and types of routes could lead to other results. --- Practical Implications - With the provided spreadsheet, the DOC and environmental impact can be approximated for any commercial reference aircraft combined with the aforementioned propulsion system concepts. --- Social Implications - Based on the results of this thesis, the public will be able to discuss the demerits of otherwise highly lauded electric propulsion concepts. --- Value - To evaluate the viability of the hydraulic propulsion systems for passenger aircraft using simple mass models and aircraft design concept.
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Lam, Barbara. "LOW-COST MISSION SUPPORT CONCEPT." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607606.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaThis paper presents a new architecture of the end-to-end ground system to reduce overall mission support costs. The present ground system of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is costly to operate, maintain, deploy, reproduce, and document. In the present climate of shrinking NASA budgets, this proposed architecture takes on added importance as it will dramatically reduce all of the above costs. Currently, the ground support functions (i.e., receiver, tracking, ranging, telemetry, command, monitor and control) are distributed among several subsystems that are housed in individual rack-mounted chassis. These subsystems can be integrated into one portable laptop system using established MultiChip Module (MCM) packaging technology. The large scale integration of subsystems into a small portable system will greatly reduce operations, maintenance and reproduction costs. Several of the subsystems can be implemented using Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) products further decreasing non-recurring engineering costs. The inherent portability of the system will open up new ways for using the ground system at the “point-of-use” site as opposed to maintaining several large centralized stations. This eliminates the propagation delay of the data to the Principal Investigator (PI), enabling the capture of data in real-time and performing multiple tasks concurrently from any location in the world. Sample applications are to use the portable ground system in remote areas or mobile vessels for real-time correlation of satellite data with earth-bound instruments; thus, allowing near real-time feedback and control of scientific instruments. This end-to-end portable ground system will undoubtedly create opportunities for better scientific observation and data acquisition.
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Yip, David S. O. "A critical review of the opportunity cost concept." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3053/.
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The opportunity cost concept has been advocated as the prime decision cost concept by economists and accountants, notably scholars of the London School since Nineteen Thirties. However, there are certain conditions as discussed by Edwards (1937) and Coase (1938) which have to be met before the opportunity cost concept can be functionally applied in the accounting context. Moreover, there are few research into the decision practices of accountants and business managers relating to the application of the opportunity cost concept in business decisions. Thus, it is uncertain if the concept is adopted in practices by managers and executives. The purposes of this paper are, therefore, to carry out a critical review of the opportunity cost concept, both in terms of its theoretical validity and its applicability to the business context, as well as to investigate whether the concept has actually been adopted in practice for business decisions. Based on the contents of the agency theory, behavioural decision theory (which includes the Resouceful, Evaluative, Maximising Model), expectancy theory, and the theory of choice, a model which is termed the Expectancy Decision Processing Model is proposed to explain the decision behaviour of business managers and how they would adopt or otherwise the opportunity cost concept, represented by the opportunity cost accounting model within the accounting context, in making decisions under different circumstances. Results of the analyses indicate that accountants and managers very often do not invoke the opportunity cost accounting model in making decision calculations. Managers will only invoke the opportunity cost accounting model in calculating the possible payoffs of different decision alternatives when two conditions are satisfied. The first condition is that they find no difficulty in making use of the opportunity cost accounting model; the second condition is that the opportunity cost accounting model will provide a priority ranking of the decision alternatives that is desired by the managers who are maximising their own decision benefits.
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El, Kelety Ibrahim. "Towards a conceptual framework for strategic cost management - The concept, objectives, and instruments -." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200601157.
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Strategic cost management is in its infancy. Researches and studies are still in an early exploratory stage and have not yet developed a consistent theory for strategic cost management. The thesis presents a comprehensive framework for strategic cost management. In particular the study attempts to contribute to filling the gap in the literature of strategic cost management. The suggested framework covers the concept, the objectives, the principles, the analysis fields & activities, the objects, the instruments and the key supports factors of strategic cost management to meet different challenges that the companies encounter from time to time and at different stages of development.
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Schaffer, Douglas. "Army National Guard costs concepts, realities, and implications /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/488636447/viewonline.
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Hartman, Chris G. "Concept design of a low cost alternative to DDG 51." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01262010-020117/.
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Love-Koh, James. "Using cost-effectiveness analysis to address health inequality concerns." Thesis, University of York, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19531/.
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Little quantitative assessment of health inequality impacts occurs in the economic evaluation of health care. Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis (DCEA) offers an extension to cost-effectiveness analysis, estimating health inequality changes alongside population health. This thesis addresses two important methodological and empirical challenges for DCEAs. First, in order to measure inequality change, a baseline level distribution of health needs to be estimated. English health survey and national mortality data to are used to predict lifetime health, finding a gap between the most and least healthy fifths of the population of 10.97 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The second chapter estimates how the health effects of health care budget changes in England are allocated between social groups. Socioeconomic distributions of health care utilisation by disease, age and gender are used to disaggregate results from a previous study that estimated effects of expenditure by disease area. A substantial gradient in health effects is found, with 27% and 13% incurred by the most and least deprived fifths of the population, respectively. We apply the findings of the previous chapters to two different types of DCEA. The fourth chapter proposes a simplified version of DCEA, in which intervention health benefits follow the gender and socioeconomic patterns of health care utilisation. This approach is applied to 27 technology appraisals conducted by NICE: five interventions increase population health and worsen inequality and all still increase social welfare even when inequality aversion is high. The fifth chapter covers a full DCEA to evaluate smoking cessation interventions. A decision model is adapted to incorporate a wide range of key model inputs varied by socioeconomic status. As effectiveness and uptake are greater in the least deprived groups, all interventions increase health inequality, despite the greater number of smokers in the more deprived groups.
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Yue, Hong. "Concept maps as assessment tools in mathematics comparison with clinical interviews /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Starz, Anton Johannes. "A calculation concept to reduce manufacturing cost on laser sintering machines." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/117.
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Thesis (M. Tech.) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2008A company’s ability to produce products faster and more economically may lead to a competitive edge in the international market. The reduction of development costs and shortened development time will undeniably depend on effective organisational structures that are based on effective information- and communication techniques and manufacturing technologies. An innovative manufacturing technology that impacts on rapid product development is Rapid Prototyping (RP). The Centre for Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing (CRPM) works closely with South African companies, supporting them with common mechanical engineering solutions and specialising in the manufacturing of prototypes. One of the options offered in the manufacture of prototypes is the Laser Sintering (LS) process. It is however, difficult to determine the product cost for the building volume used to manufacture the prototypes. Prototypes from different clients can be manufactured at the same time in the same process. The problem however, is how to calculate the costs for each prototype and to offer the clients an accurate quotation for the manufacture of the prototype. Therefore, it is necessary to design a calculation concept, which includes all accrued costs and allocate these to the different parts/prototypes. As it is problematic to calculate the manufacturing cost of prototypes, it is necessary to analyse all the effects, parameters and influences on the manufacturing process in order to determine the manufacturing time, and ultimately the machine costs. This is needed to calculate the total cost of one platform and the cost of each individual part. The project, through various experiments determined how to allocate the costs, through a correlation between part volume and platform height. The aim of the study was to determine a calculation concept to estimate the total platform cost and the cost of each individual part. Furthermore, the estimated cost was compared with the actual cost to determine the deviation between the calculation methods, and lead to a calculation concept that can be used to predict and reduce the manufacturing costs. The results obtained from the research were used for an exact calculation and reduction of prototype unit costs manufactured on LS machines, which gave three basic advantages: * Manufacturing costs were reduced to benefit clients, which meant that they could invest more in the design of new prototypes and products, to improve customer satisfaction * Prototype manufacturing on expensive RP machines could be optimised by using more prototypes and lower costs for entering the market. * The calculation risk could be minimised, which lowered the risk of losing money on a project and resulted in better planning for available resources.
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Perry, S. Marshall. "Shaping self-concepts : ability grouping and middle school students /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Andersson, Ricky. "Concept study for cost and weight reduction of a barge container sized module." Thesis, KTH, Lättkonstruktioner, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-234842.
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The intention of this thesis is to develop, evaluate new concepts and look over the current design for a container sized barge module. By request of Group Ocean, a cost and weight reduction is the main improvement criteria along with keeping the strength of the module.Five concepts are developed, analyzed and discussed with the supervisor at Group Ocean, where three are decided to be presented here. The other two are left out, since they are considered way too expensive without giving a satisfying result. The three concepts that are developed throughout this thesis are; changing to high strength steel, changing to sandwich panels and increasing stiffeners with smaller dimensions.A structural optimization is made in the software MATLAB to find out the best dimension to use for the sandwich panels. To determine the local stresses, the finite element method is used in Inventor Professional. It is also where the design and CAD modules are built in, so for simplifications it is used for FEA (Finite Element Analysis) as well. To reduce the amount of elements and nodes, shell elements and other structural constraints are used in the FEA. All the concepts are modelled with the same structural constraints so a practical comparison study can be made.The final designs resulted in a total weight reduction up to 40% with a material cost reduction of 12%. Based on what type of material is chosen, the material cost reduction range is between 3-12% and the weight reduction range is between 13-40%.
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Singer, Tanyew. "Wooden Photovoltaic Module Frames : Proof of Concept, Life Cycle Assessment and Cost Analysis." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-454318.
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To mitigate climate change and to achieve global carbon neutrality, the expansion of renewable energy sources is of paramount importance. In this context, photovoltaics (PV) are widely regarded as one of the most promising technologies to lead the transformation towards decarbonized energy systems. However, the manufacturing of PV systems is associated with initial greenhouse gas emissions linked to the procurement of PV components. Therefore, current research focuses on minimizing initial emissions to improve the overall environmental performance of PV systems. Since previous research suggests that conventional aluminum module frames contain a significant amount of embodied carbon, this study investigates a possible material substitution with wood as alternative frame material to lower the overall carbon footprint of PV modules. To test the technical feasibility of PV modules with wooden frames, a proof of concept (POC) is conducted using wood types that exhibit necessary characteristics regarding their mechanical properties and durability. Guided by the finite element method and preliminary testing, a novel frame design is conceived, and PV modules with wooden frames are realized. The prototypes are put to extensive testing, in which the mechanical stability is examined, and weathering effects are investigated in an outdoor installation. Furthermore, a life cycle assessment (LCA) is carried out to quantify potential benefits of wooden compared to aluminum frames regarding their global warming potential and other environmental impact categories. Lastly, this study compares the economic performance of wooden PV module frames with aluminum frames and considers possible optimizations in the value chain of wooden frames. POC results show that PV modules with wooden frames - in line with industrial standards - are feasible, yet mechanical stability and durability vary depending on the type of wood and overall design. LCA results suggest that wooden frames exhibit invariably better environmental performance in all impact categories although a reduced module lifetime may impair the overall life cycle performance. In regard to cost efficiency, wooden frames are more costly than aluminum frames, yet financial incentives or subsidies may make low-carbon materials more competitive in the future. It can be concluded that wooden PV module frames may be a promising alternative to standard aluminum frames provided that the overall lifetime is identical. Thus, additional studies are required to analyze the long-term performance and to identify areas of application for modules with wooden frames, for instance in the building-integrated PV sector. Lastly, further research is needed to explore additional utilizations of wood in PV systems such as in ground and roof mounting structures.
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Barineau, Mark Michael. "Analysis of novel, above-ground thermal energy storage concept utilizing low-cost, solid medium." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69178.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 26).
Clean energy power plants cannot effectively match peak demands without utilizing energy storage technologies. Currently, several solutions address short term demand cycles, but little work has been done to address seasonal cycles of energy demand. This paper explores the concept of creating a large-scale, above-ground thermal energy storage system that uses inexpensive rock as the storage medium. A thermodynamic model was created to verify the technical feasibility of the proposed system, and economic factors were considered. Granite, limestone, sandstone, and slate were determined to be practical mediums. Further research is necessary to understand specific conditions and processes within the system, along with more thorough economic analysis. However, the model supports the technical and economic feasibility of the proposed thermal storage system.
by Mark Michael Barineau.
S.B.
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Dibennardo, Maurizio. "Performance based contracting: A concept for cost-effective operation and maintenance of wind power plants." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-217024.
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Agee, Nikki. "Silent subjects silence in theories of subjectivity /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Matu, Unathi Neo. "The Design of a Low-Cost Traffic Calming Radar - Development of a radar solution intended to demonstrate proof of concept." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32838.
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This study aimed to develop a radar solution that would aid the traffic calming efforts of the CSIR business campus. The Institute of Transportation Engineers defined traffic calming as "The combination of mainly physical measures that reduce the negative effects of motor vehicle use." Radar-based solutions have been proven to help reduce the speeds of motorists in areas with speed restrictions. Unfortunately, these solutions are expensive and difficult to import. Thus, this dissertation's main focus is to produce a detailed blueprint of a radar-based solution, with technical specifications that are similar to those of commercial and experimental systems at relatively low-cost. With the above mindset, the project was initiated with the user requirements being stated. Then a detailed study of current experimental and commercial radar-based traffic calming systems followed. Thereafter, the technical and non-technical requirements were derived from user requirements, and the technical specifications obtained from the literature study. A review of fundamental radar and signal processing principles was initiated to give background knowledge for the design and simulation process. Consequently, a detailed design of the system's functional components was conceptualized, which included the hardware, software, and electrical aspects of the system as well as the enclosure design. With the detailed design in mind, a data-collection system was built. The data-collection system was built to verify whether the technical specifications, which relate to the detection performance and the velocity accuracy of the proposed radar design, were met. This was done to save on buying all the components of the proposed system while proving the design's technical feasibility. The data-collection system consisted of a radar sensor, an Analogue to Digital Converter (ADC), and a laptop computer. The radar sensor was a k-band, Continuous Wave (CW) transceiver, which provided I/Q demodulated data with beat frequencies ranging from DC to 50 kHz. The ADC is an 8-bit Picoscope 2206B portable oscilloscope, capable of sampling frequencies of up to 50 MHz. The target detection and the velocity estimation algorithms were executed on a Samsung Series 7 Chronos laptop. Preliminary experiments enabled the approximation of the noise intensity of the scene in which the radar would be placed. These noise intensity values enabled the relationship between the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and the velocity error to be modelled at specific ranges from the radar, which led to a series of experiments that verified the prototypes' ability to accurately detect and estimate the vehicle speed at distances of up to 40 meters from the radar. The cell-averaging constant false alarm rate (CA-CFAR) detector was chosen as an optimum detector for this application, and parameters that produced the best results were found to be 50 reference cells and 12 guard cells. The detection rate was found to be 100% for all coherent processing intervals (CPIs) tested. The prototype was able to detect vehicle speeds that ranged from 2 km/h up to 60 km/h with an uncertainty of ±0.415 km/h, ±0.276 km/h, and ±0.156 km/h using a CPI of 0.0128 s, 0.256 s, and 0.0512 s respectively. The optimal CPI was found to be 0.0512 s, as it had the lowest mean velocity uncertainty, and it produced the largest first detection SNR of the CPIs tested. These findings were crucial for the feasibility of manufacturing a low-cost traffic calming solution for the South African market.
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Tuzar, Gert-Dieter. "An interaction design concept to reduce re-orienting costs while driving." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1384356772.
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Djurberg, Ebba. "SANDWICH VERSUS SINGLE SKIN : Material Concept of a Patrol Boat in a Life Cycle Cost Perspective." Thesis, KTH, Marina system, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-119702.
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This report describes the Master Thesis Project "Single Skin Versus Sandwich: Material Concept of a Patrol Boat in a Life Cycle Cost Perspective" performed at Kockums AB, Karlskrona, and reviewed and graded at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. There are both economic and environmental gains of developing fuel-efficient (light) vessels. Kockums have successfully produced ships in sandwich composite material, which is a light and stiff but expensive material concept. Building a vessel in single skin composite might result in a lower total life cycle cost due to several factors. Kockums wish to acquire more information of the affecting factors thus they have initiated this project. The project includes analyzing the accumulated cost of a concept patrol vessel while changing five variables: class notation ("Patrol" or "Passenger"), operational profile (10 or 35 knots), material concept (sandwich or single skin), material (carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP)) and choice of propulsion system (controllable pitch propeller (CPP), Inboard Performance System (IPS) or water jet) resulting in 48 versions of the vessel. First, the structural arrangement was adapted to the design loads of each version by iteratively seeking the maximal structural utilization of the elements. This was done by using a computational tool (RSTRUCT) that allows for effective scantling calculation. Then, the material, production and operational cost were determined for each version and the break-even points in terms of years of operation were found. The results gave insights concerning the characteristics of the different material concepts. The single skin versions were found to be both heavier (70 %) and more costly in terms of material and production cost (17 %) in relation to their sandwich equivalents. The break-even points between CFRP versions and GFRP versions were ranging between 4 and 14 years, depending on operational profile. For example, for a very low speed profile passenger vessel the break-even point was 40 years, implying that the GFRP version was the most beneficial choice. Regarding propulsion choices, the IPS system was the best choice for every version due to its high overall propulsive coefficient in a broad speed range.
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Kotte, Jens, Carsten Schmeichel, Adrian Zlocki, Hauke Gathmann, and Lutz Eckstein. "Concept of an enhanced V2X pedestrian collision avoidance system with a cost function–based pedestrian model." Taylor & Francis, 2017. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72238.
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Objective: State-of-the-art collision avoidance and collision mitigation systems predict the behavior of pedestrians based on trivial models that assume a constant acceleration or velocity. New sources of sensor information—for example, smart devices such as smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, etc.—can support enhanced pedestrian behavior models. The objective of this article is the development and implementation of a V2Xpedestrian collision avoidance system that uses new information sources.
Methods: A literature review of existing state-of-the-art pedestrian collision avoidance systems, pedestrian behavior models in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), and traffic simulations is conducted together with an analysis of existing studies on typical pedestrian patterns in traffic. Based on this analysis, possible parameters for predicting pedestrian behavior were investigated. The results led to new requirements from which a concept was developed and implemented.
Results: The analysis of typical pedestrian behavior patterns in traffic situations showed the complexity of predicting pedestrian behavior. Requirements for an improved behavior prediction were derived. A concept for a V2X collision avoidance system, based on a cost function that predicts pedestrian near future presence, and its implementation is presented. The concept presented considers several challenges such as information privacy, inaccuracies of the localization, and inaccuracies of the prediction.
Conclusion: A concept for an enhanced V2X pedestrian collision avoidance system was developed and introduced. The concept uses new information sources such as smart devices to improve the prediction of the pedestrian's presence in the near future and considers challenges that come along with the usage of these information sources.
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Petersen, Soren Ingomar. "Design quantification design concept argumentation as related to product performance metrics /." May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Claro, Carolina do Vale Fonseca. "Jardins temporários: conceito, objetivos e tipologias. Caso de estudo - Avenida 24 de Julho." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5261.
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Mestrado em Arquitetura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaIn today's ever changing society, the answers to the needs of cities are increasingly complex. The efficient implementation of planning measures in a way to enhance the existing structures and ensuring the preservation of limited resources becomes imperative. Factors as the activation of obsolete urban spaces, social integration, economic needs and creativity should be taken into account in urban public space intervention particularly in the temporary garden concept. This paper explores, identifies the various existing typologies of temporary gardens and develops its objectives - social, economic, cultural, environmental and professional. The aim is to understand how these interventions can contribute to a more sustainable city and how they can give a new identity to a place. The paper begins approaching the history of gardens, followed by a description of various aspects of the definition of time, so as to achieve a concept of temporary garden supported by a context of ephemerality. The Avenida 24 de Julho, has deficiencies in terms of identity and social experience and offers simultaneously non-structured spaces becoming an interesting study-case. Having this in mind, the paper explores the results that may arise from interventions of this nature and identifies the typologies that can be implemented there.
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Soto, Cynthia. "Mexican-American concepts on gender and identity a teacher's perspective in a fifth grade classroom /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Moraes, Décio Rodolfo de. "Activity Based Cost (ABC): qual a importância deste conceito para o executivo de uma operação?" reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/5886.
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Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:20:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 1996-10-16T00:00:00ZTrata da importância da informação de custos efetivamente gerenciais para as equipes operacionais das empresas que muito poderiam contribuir para a redução de custos e aumento do volume de vendas se soubessem com maior discernimento a composição dos custos dos produtos com os quais trabalham, sua variabilidade em função da variação do volume de vendas e produção, e conseqüentemente a relação destes custos com as demais variações de níveis de atividade de outros produtos da empresa. Além das ações estratégicas que poderiam ser tomadas, a equipe comercial poderia discutir a efetiva agregação de valor de alguns Itens de seu custo para o cliente e, eventualmente, sugerir a alteração de seu produto visando proporcionar melhor aproveitamento da relação custo - benefício à empresa e ao cliente
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Dolan, Mark E. "The seamless maritime concept." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FDolan.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): S. Starr King. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-69). Also available online.
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Kummer, Joseph. "Simulation of the cross-flow fan and application to a propulsive airfoil concept." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.
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Sundblad, Graziella. "Building a low-cost IoT sensor system that recognizes behavioral patterns for collaborative learning - A Proof of Concept." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DVMT), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44351.
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Since the advent of the Internet, we have been observing a fast-paced development within the computing world. One of the major innovations in recent years is the “Internet of Things”, which brings interconnectedness between devices and humans to unprecedented heights. This technological breakthrough enabled the emergence of a new sub-field within Learning Analytics, Multimodal Learning Analytics, which makes use of several types of data sources to study learning-related processes. As computers and sensors become increasingly cheaper and more accessible, research within this new sub-field grows, yet some gaps remain unexplored. Additionally, there is a research bias toward computer-assisted learning environments, rather than physical ones. At the same time, the current labor market is highly competitive, and possessing profession-related skills is not sufficient to land a job. Besides these skills, there is an increasing demand for social skills, such as communication, teamwork, and collaboration. However, there is a gap between the skills that are trained in an academic setting and the ones that are required by the labor market. Having this background in mind, this work aims at designing and evaluating an IoT sensor system capable of tracking patterns observed under social interactions within a group, and more specifically, in terms of the distance between group members while solving a task. Another important aspect of this study is the system's cost-effectiveness so that it can be employed in a scalable and sustainable manner. To achieve this goal, a multimethodological approach for Design Science Research was adopted, which implied the combination of several methods such as sketching, prototyping, and testing. As a result, this study contributes both to the research area of Multimodal Learning Analytics, and to educational practices.
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Abedini, A., J. Moriarta, D. Biroscak, L. Losik, and R. F. Malina. "A Low-Cost, Autonomous, Ground Station Operations Concept and Network Design for EUVE and Other Earth-Orbiting Satellites." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608538.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, NevadaThe Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) satellite was designed to operate with the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) and Deep Space Network (DSN). NASA, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the Center for EUV Astrophysics have been evaluating a commercially available ground station already used for NASA's Low Earth Orbit (LEO) weather satellites. This ground station will be used in a network of unattended, autonomous ground stations for telemetry reception, processing, and routing of data over a commercial, secure data line. Plans call for EUVE to be the initial network user. This network will be designed to support many TDRSS/DSN compatible missions. It will open an era of commercial, low-cost, autonomous ground station networks. The network will be capable of supporting current and future NASA scientific missions, and NASA's LEO and geostationary weather satellites. Additionally, it could support future, commercial communication satellites in low, and possibly medium, Earth orbit. The combination of an autonomous ground station and an autonomous telemetry monitoring system will allow reduction in personnel. The EUVE Science Operations Center has already reduced console work from three shifts to one by use of autonomous telemetry monitoring software.
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Greco, Christopher A. P. "Falling Back on the Concept of (Moral) Panic: Questioning Significance, Practicality, and Costs." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34187.
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For over 40 years, the term moral panic and concept to which it is adjoined have been used throughout the socio-criminological literature as a means of describing collective overreactions to perceived wrongs. Since the 1980s, the concept has also been criticized for its inability to adapt to differing moral viewpoints and research paradigms. To address these criticisms and question the significance of moral panic’s continued use, this paper works to redefine the concept from its theoretical foundation to practical employment.
A contextual-constructionist/post-positivist approach is, first, used to weigh claims of fact against an imperfect understanding of ‘the truth’. Moral panic is then defined as a means of describing collective, corrective-intended behaviour based on an irrational belief that exaggerates the threat posed by a social problem. To test and further nuance this definition, the Parliament of Canada’s decision to pass four bills that introduced or amended section 172.1 (luring a child) of the Criminal Code of Canada is deconstructed.
Using a Historical Dialectic-Relational Approach to analyze the transcripts of House of Commons and Senate debates and committee meetings related to bills C-15A, C-277, C-2, and C-10, the concept of moral panic is found to be an appropriate means of describing certain forms of collective behaviour. An outline of how members of parliament spoke, during the legislative process, of the media, expert witnesses, Internet child lurers, and victims of child sexual abuse provides additional context. The paper concludes by arguing that the moral panic concept can be mobilized in a way that is theoretically justifiable, adaptable to differing moral viewpoints, and of practical use.
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Stevens, Blake Christopher. "Solitary persuasions : the concept of the monologue in French opera from Lully to Rameau /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Wang, Sean Yung-hsiang. "Lost in time : the concept of tempo and character in the music of Brahms /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Wagner, Romain. "Restaurant with classical music concerts: Developing a business plan." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-194260.
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The goal of this master's thesis is to develop the concept of a restaurant located in Paris, playing weekly live classical music concert, to test this concept through existing literature, potential customers and develop a full business plan. The first part of the thesis investigates theoretical background and a test of the concepts to potential customers. The first is composed of four main topics: factors influencing customer's loyalty in a restaurant, the influence of the physical environment, the effect of music on the atmosphere's perception and associated purchasing behaviour in a restaurant and finally key success factors in the restaurant industry. The second part will be composed of three sub-parts, the first stating the goal of the survey, the second how the survey was realised and the third will present the results and conclusions. The second major part of the thesis is the development of the concept after it was confirmed in the previous part. It is composed of a business plan, the latter describing the concept, the market, the business model, marketing strategy & plan, management, development plan and risks. Financial data will be provided in annexes.
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Kottenhoff, Karl. "Evaluation of passenger train concepts : methods and results of measuring travellers' preferences in relation to costs /." Stockholm, 1999. http://www.lib.kth.se/abs99/kott0601.pdf.
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Haider, Haider A. "Normative Orders in the Coast Guard Response to Melting Arctic Ice: Institutional Logics or Anchoring Concepts." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77866.
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Underlying institutional forms are normative orders which give meaning to rules, norms, practices and customs. It is only recently that scholars have seriously considered the role of normative orders in institutional dynamics. Two meta-theories of institutionalism offer competing visions of how these normative orders are invoked. The Institutional Logics Perspective calls normative orders “institutional logics” and suggest that they are invoked in a consistent stable fashion. The Pragmatist Institutionalism approach calls normative orders “anchoring concepts” and suggests that they are used in less predictable ways to produce meaning. This study introduces the concept of fidelity to capture the difference between these two approaches and test which approach may offer a more accurate account of how normative orders are invoked in practice. The study uses the case of the USCG response to melting Arctic ice to study this issue by focusing on the two most dominant normative orders of American government. The study relies on interviews conducted with USCG personnel dealing with the agency’s response to melting Artic Ice. The data is then analyzed through a narrative analysis framework. The study finds that normative orders are invoked, in this case, in a manner more closely aligned with Pragmatist Institutionalism. This finding has implications for how administrative judgement is understood especially with respect to public agencies.Ph. D.
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Camacho, Gabriel René. "El concepto de la frontera en el Quijote desde el punto de vista Chicano." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Mehdijev, Shamil. "Dimensioning and Life Cycle Costing of Battery Storage System in residential housing- A case study of Local System Operator Concept." Thesis, KTH, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-211559.
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growing concern on achieving environmental sustainability and at the same time making economical savings has become a necessity in our society. The prices of different battery energy storage technologies together with PV cells are declining all around the globe which has led to the fact that there is an increased interest in investing and using these technologies to be able to reach environmental sustainability. The combined system however, must be accurately calculated both when it comes to the sizing and the different costs related to the combined system to be able to make an economical saving. This thesis addresses both of those aspects in Sweden where a residential building with roof-top installed PV system is assessed with a battery energy storage system. An investigation is necessary to be able to assess the different battery storage technologies available in the market today with their specific technical and economical specifications. The electricity market in Sweden, the role of the Distribution System Operator on the electricity pricing with different time tariffs and fuse size subscription, PV generation and battery specifications are investigated and modeled in this study. Sizing of the different battery technologies for the given system is accomplished through a methodology that is developed in this project for the Swedish system. The calculated size of the battery is then used in the Life Cycle Cost analysis, using Monte Carlo simulations for a chosen period of 25 years.Calculations shows that the most appropriate size for the battery system with the given parameters is 6 kWh for all the battery types investigated in this study. The size of the batteries is also shown to be mainly dependent on the charging/discharging time together with the set fuse size margin. Profitability of the Battery Energy Storage system is proven to be mainly dependent on the fuse size downgrade. Sulphur-Sodium battery result in the greatest savings while Vanadium Redox batteries in the least when sizing the batteries. Lithium-Ion battery technology however is most likely to result in the lowest Levelized Cost of Electricity, total- and cycle costs while the highest Net Present Value with 90 % probability in the Monte Carlo simulations. Lithium-Ion battery technology is also found to have the highest probability of having a positive NPV compared to the lowest probability for Sulphur-Sodium battery technology. Lead-Acid battery technology is however shown to have the least uncertainties compared to other Battery Energy Storage technologies due to its maturity. It is additionally shown that government subsidy plays a crucial role when investing in the battery storage system. However, even with the case of removed government subsidy, Lithium-Ion battery technology still results in the largest probability of having a positive NPV while Sulphur-Sodium battery technology results in the lowest probability of having a positive NPV.Den växande oron för att uppnå miljömässig hållbarhet och samtidigt göra ekonomiska besparingar har blivit en nödvändighet i vårt samhälle. Priserna på olika energilagrings teknologier så som batterier tillsammans med PV-celler minskar runt om i världen vilket har lett till att det finns ett ökat intresse när det gäller att investera och använda dessa teknologier för att kunna nå miljömässig hållbarhet. Det kombinerade systemet måste dock noggrant beräknas både när det gäller storleken och de olika kostnaderna för det kombinerade systemet för att kunna göra en ekonomisk besparing. Denna avhandling behandlar båda dessa aspekter i Sverige där en bostadsbyggnad med takmonterat PV system utvärderas med ett batteri system. En undersökning är nödvändig för att kunna bedöma de olika batteri teknologier som finns tillgängliga på marknaden idag med sina specifika tekniska och ekonomiska specifikationer. Elmarknaden i Sverige, Distribution System Operatörs roll för elprissättning med olika tidstariffer och säkringsabonnemang, PV-generation och batterispecifikationer undersöks och modelleras i denna studie. Dimensionering av olika batteri teknologier för det givna systemet uppnås genom en metod som utvecklats i detta projekt för det svenska systemet. Den beräknade storleken på batteriet används sedan i livscykelkostnadsanalysen, med Monte Carlo-simuleringar under en vald period på 25 år. Beräkningar visar att den optimala storleken för batterisystemet med de angivna parametrarna är 6 kWh för alla batterityper som undersöktes i denna studie. Batteriets storlek visar sig också vara huvudsakligen beroende av laddning / urladdningstiden tillsammans med den inställda säkrings storleken. Lönsamheten hos batterilagringssystemet visar sig vara huvudsakligen beroende av säkringens nedgradering. Svavel-Natriumbatteriet resulterar i de största besparingarna medan Vanadium Redox batteriet i de minsta när dimensionering av batteriet äger rum. Litium-Ion batteriet är emellertid sannolikt att leda till den lägsta nivån av elkostnader, total- och cykelkostnader, medan det högsta nettoförsäljningsvärdet med 90% sannolikhet i Monte Carlo-simuleringarna. Litium-Ion batteriet befanns också ha den högsta sannolikheten att ha en positiv NPV jämfört med Svavel-Natriumbatteriet som resulterar i den lägsta sannolikheten. Lead-Acid batteriet visar sig ha den minsta osäkerheten i jämförelse med andra batterilagrings teknologier på grund av dess mognad. Det framgår dessutom att statlig subvention spelar en avgörande roll när man investerar i ett batteri lagrings system. Dock även med borttagna statliga subventioner, resulterar Litium-Ion batteriet fortfarande största sannolikheten för att ha en positiv NPV, medan Svavel-Natriumbatteriet resulterar den lägsta sannolikheten för att ha en positiv NPV.
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Brennan, Peter J. "An analysis of the manpower costs associated with the Helicopter Air Wing Commander concept." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA343363.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, March 1998."March 1998." Thesis advisor(s): John E. Mutty, Richard B. Doyle. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-61). Also available online.
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Black, Jessica Marjorie. "Academic self-concept, subjective task value, and beliefs about intelligence in dual-language and english-only elementary school students /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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O'Brien, Patricia Ann, and patricia o'brien@rmit edu au. "COncepts and costs for the maintenance of productive capacity: a study of the measurement and reporting of soil quality." RMIT University. Accounting and Law, 1999. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20040930.170346.
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This thesis studies the role accounting plays in the monitoring and reporting of soil quality in one sector of the agricultural industry, broadacre farming. A survey was conducted with broadacre farmers in the Loddon Catchment, Victoria, Australia. The primary aim was to determine the effectiveness accounting plays in providing information to decision makers relative to the productive capacity in soil quality and not just on profits. The capital asset in this study was defined as soil quality. Soils and soil quality in particular, are major elements in determining land value. The concern is decisions are being made by potential buyers and other decision makers, particularly policy makers, with regards to soil quality on the basis of incomplete and often misleading information. It is proposed that a major reason is due to the fact that different participants in the agricultural and accounting industries require and use different information. The accounting systems used by farmers are those that have been developed for the manufacturing sector which may not be appropriate for managing long-term, complex resources such as soil. The farmers themselves did not find formal accounting reports useful for decision making because these reports are based on uniform standards and market prices. The topic of soil quality and land degradation is viewed from two perspectives. In one perspective, the proprietary view; the accounting emphasis is on the ownership of assets and the change, both in income and capital, in these assets over time. In this case the accounting equation is seen as assets - liabilities = equities. The proprietor takes all the risk. A more recent perspective in accounting, the entity view, emphasises the assets whether financed from equity or debt and where the accounting equation is seen as assets = equities. The emphasis changes to the income flow from these assets and more interest is shown in current market prices as a reflection of the future value of these assets Profit is not necessarily a good indicator of what farmers are doing for their capital asset. There needs to be greater emphasis on costs undertaken for the conservation of soil. Those costs should be considered an investment and put into the balance sheet and not the profit and loss statement. The major finding of study demonstrates that decision making groups have different
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ETTOUMI, MOHAMMED ILYAS. "Les concepts de revenu et de cout d'usage dans la theorie generale de j. M. Keynes, solution d'un probleme." Besançon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BESA0001.
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Olorunnimbe, Muhammed. "Intelligent Adaptation of Ensemble Size in Data Streams Using Online Bagging." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32340.
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In this era of the Internet of Things and Big Data, a proliferation of connected devices continuously produce massive amounts of fast evolving streaming data. There is a need to study the relationships in such streams for analytic applications, such as network intrusion detection, fraud detection and financial forecasting, amongst other. In this setting, it is crucial to create data mining algorithms that are able to seamlessly adapt to temporal changes in data characteristics that occur in data streams. These changes are called concept drifts. The resultant models produced by such algorithms should not only be highly accurate and be able to swiftly adapt to changes. Rather, the data mining techniques should also be fast, scalable, and efficient in terms of resource allocation. It then becomes important to consider issues such as storage space needs and memory utilization. This is especially relevant when we aim to build personalized, near-instant models in a Big Data setting.
This research work focuses on mining in a data stream with concept drift, using an online bagging method, with consideration to the memory utilization. Our aim is to take an adaptive approach to resource allocation during the mining process. Specifically, we consider metalearning, where the models of multiple classifiers are combined into an ensemble, has been very successful when building accurate models against data streams. However, little work has been done to explore the interplay between accuracy, efficiency and utility. This research focuses on this issue. We introduce an adaptive metalearning algorithm that takes advantage of the memory utilization cost of concept drift, in order to vary the ensemble size during the data mining process. We aim to minimize the memory usage, while maintaining highly accurate models with a high utility.
We evaluated our method against a number of benchmarking datasets and compare our results against the state-of-the art. Return on Investment (ROI) was used to evaluate the gain in performance in terms of accuracy, in contrast to the time and memory invested. We aimed to achieve high ROI without compromising on the accuracy of the result. Our experimental results indicate that we achieved this goal.
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Vahland, Sören. "Analysis of Parabolic Trough Solar Energy Integration into Different Geothermal Power Generation Concepts." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-129093.
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The change in climate as a consequence of anthropogenic activities is a subject ofmajor concerns. In order to reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions inthe atmosphere, the utilization of renewable, fossil-free power generationapplications becomes inevitable. Geothermal and solar energy play a major rolein covering the increased demand for renewable energy sources of today’s andfuture’s society. A special focus hereby lies on the Concentrating Solar Powertechnologies and different geothermal concepts. The costs for producingelectricity through Concentrating Solar Power and therefore Parabolic Trough Collectorsas well as geothermal conversion technologies are still comparatively high. Inorder to minimize these expenses and maximize the cycle’s efficiency, thepossible synergies of a hybridization of these two technologies becomeapparent. This thesis therefore investigates the thermodynamic and economicbenefits and drawbacks of this combination from a global perspective. For that,a Parabolic Trough Collector system is combined with the geothermal conversionconcepts of Direct Steam, Single and Double Flash, Organic Rankine as well asKalina Cycles. The solar integrations under investigation are Superheat,Preheat and Superheat & Reheat of the geothermal fluid. The thermodynamicanalysis focuses on the thermal and utilization efficiencies, as well as therequired Parabolic Trough Collector area. The results indicate that in the caseof the Superheat and Superheat & Reheat setup, the thermal efficiency canbe improved for all geothermal concepts in comparison to their correspondinggeothermal stand-alone case. The Preheat cases, with the major contributionfrom solar energy, are not able to improve the cycle’s thermal efficiencyrelative to the reference setup. From an exergy perspective the findings varysignificantly depending on the applied boundary conditions. Still, almost allcases were able to improve the cycle’s performance compared to the referencecase. For the economic evaluation, the capital investment costs and thelevelized costs of electricity are studied. The capital costs increasesignificantly when adding solar energy to the geothermal cycle. The levelizedelectricity costs could not be lowered for any hybridization case compared tothe reference only-geothermal configurations. The prices vary between20.04 €/MWh and 373.42 €/MWh. When conducting a sensitivity analysison the solar system price and the annual mean irradiance, the Kalina Superheatand Superheat & Reheat, as well as the Organic Rankine Preheathybridizations become cost competitive relative to the reference cases.Concluding, it is important to remark, that even if the hybridization of the ParabolicTrough and the different geothermal concepts makes sense from a thermodynamicperspective, the decisive levelized costs of electricity could not be improved.It is, however, possible that these costs can be further reduced under speciallocal conditions, making the addition of Parabolic Trough solar heat tospecific geothermal concepts favorable.
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Lavastre, Olivier. "Le concept de coût de mobilité : contribution à l'analyse stratégique de la relation d'échange industriel client-fournisseur." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON10050.
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L'objectif de notre recherche est la conceptualisation et l'opérationnalisation des coûts de mobilité. Ces coûts représentent l'ensemble des conséquences supportées par une entreprise cliente suite à un changement de fournisseur et/ou d'input, tout au long du déroulement de la relation d'échange industriel. Les coûts de mobilité sont cachés, latents et potentiels : ce sont des conséquences et des pertes anticipées, ne devenant effectifs que lors d'un changement de partenaire amont et/ou d'input. Huit coûts de mobilité, jugés pertinents et représentatifs, sont retenus pour l'analyse : des coûts de recherche d'information, des coûts liés au contrat de fourniture, des coûts strictement liés à l'objet de l'échange, des coûts de reconception du processus dans lequel intervient l'input, des coûts d'expérience et d'apprentissage, des coûts de contrôle ex post, des coûts liés aux investissements spécifiques et des coûts d'opportunité. Nous cherchons à adopter une double approche : d'une part, théorique, en justifiant clairement les sources, la construction par une analyse critique de la littérature, les intérêts et les apports théoriques d'un tel concept, et d'autre part, une approche praxéologique en aboutissant à des retombées et des implications opérationnelles et managériales. Notre thèse avance que les coûts de mobilité existent et sont utiles, tant en termes théoriques que pragmatiques, et également que ces coûts, supportés par l'entreprise cliente, dépendent de son comportement dans sa gestion du déroulement d'une relation d'échange. Suite à plusieurs traitements statistiques, l'enquête, conduite auprès de gestionnaires de PME, nous permet de confirmer que les entreprises ont des comportements différents face aux types et aux niveaux de coûts de mobilité. Aussi, une gestion stratégique précautionneuse de ces coûts est possible pour les entreprises afin de faire varier leurs poids, leurs incidences et leurs portées dans la gestion de relation d'échange client-fournisseur.