Academic literature on the topic 'Cost effective media'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cost effective media"
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&NA;. "Cotrimoxazole most cost effective in otitis media." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1120 (1998): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199811200-00010.
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Sofer, Gail. "Increasing Media Lifetime for Cost–Effective Chromatography." Nature Biotechnology 5, no. 4 (1987): 341–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0487-341.
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Modayil, Mary V., Theodora B. Consolacion, Jonathan Isler, Sandra Soria, and Colleen Stevens. "Cost-Effective Smoke-Free Multiunit Housing Media Campaigns." Health Promotion Practice 12, no. 6_suppl_2 (2011): 173S—185S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839911405848.
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Presented are cost-effective paid media strategies to educate Californians to advocate for stronger smoke-free multiunit housing (SF-MUH) policies between 2006 and 2008. Included is a summary of general market and specific ethnic market costs that correspond to SF-MUH attitudes and home smoking bans. Statewide questionnaires indicated that half of the intended general market saw an antitobacco TV ad and half of the intended ethnic markets heard radio ads. Analyses indicated that it cost $0.67 and $0.78 per person to see Caution Tape and Apartment TV ads, respectively. Slightly higher per capita costs corresponded with positive attitudes toward SF-MUH: $0.87 for Caution Tape and $1.00 for Apartment. Lessons learned from this campaign included effectiveness of specific ads in ethnic markets, impact on SF-MUH work plan policy objectives, and the need for collaborations among state and local partners throughout the message development process.
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Sherwal, B. L., and Subhash Dadeya. "Filter paper strip kit: a cost-effective transport media." Tropical Doctor 35, no. 2 (2005): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0049475054036841.
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This study was undertaken to discover a feasible transport media for the transportation of ocular microbiological material from the periphery to the central laboratory. A total of 94 cases of ocular infection with clinical diagnosis of conjunctivitis and keratitis were studied. In all cases, two representative microbiological samples were collected, and sent by filter paper strip (FPS) kit as well as by direct culture technique. The isolated organisms by both the methods were analysed. Of the total 94 cases studied, bacteria were isolated in 48 cases by direct culture and in 45 cases by FPS kit, whereas, fungus were isolated in 13 cases by each method. FPS kit appears to be an alternative, feasible, and cost-effective technique for transportation of ocular microbiological material from periphery to the central laboratory.
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Pandya, Dhruv, Archana Mankad, and Himanshu Pandya. "COST EFFECTIVE MICROPROPAGATION OF POLYSCIASFRUTICOSA (L.) HARM." International Association of Biologicals and Computational Digest 1, no. 1 (2022): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.56588/iabcd.v1i1.16.
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Polysciasfruiticosa(L.) Harm is plant which belonging to Araliaceae family, also known as Ming Aralia. Micropropagation is a technique to develop hole plant from the part of the plant in In-vitro or controlled environmental conditions. The research work focused on the micropropagation of Polysciasfruticosa(L.) Harm. from the shoot apex of the plant. Here only the cytokinin was used for the production of whole plant and M. S. Media. Generally, in Micropropagation auxin is used for the rooting phase but in this research work only kinetin which was used for the better growth for rooting also. Mostly the plant producing rare flowers and propagated through cuttings. Here M. S. Media with one Kinetin hormone standardized for the successful production of the plant lets of Polysciasfruticosa (L.) Harm. with this technique within 60days we can produce no. of plantlets of Polysciasfruticosa (L.) Harm.
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Lukac, R., K. N. Plataniotis, D. Hatzinakos, and M. Aleksic. "A novel cost effective demosaicing approach." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 50, no. 1 (2004): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tce.2004.1277871.
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Tainsky, Steve, S. Reid, and L. Kongable. "Cost Effective Hi-Performance Color Television." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics CE-33, no. 4 (1987): ix—506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tce.1987.290195.
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Hefeeda, Mohamed M., Bharat K. Bhargava, and David K. Y. Yau. "A hybrid architecture for cost-effective on-demand media streaming." Computer Networks 44, no. 3 (2004): 353–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2003.10.002.
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Qayyum, Muneeb, Asif Hussain Khoja, Salman Raza Naqvi, Haider Ejaz, Azra Nawar, and Abeera Ayaz Ansari. "Development of Cost-Effective Fertilizer-Based Media for the Microalgae Cultivation Aimed at Effective Biomass Production." NUST Journal of Engineering Sciences 13, no. 2 (2020): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24949/njes.v13i2.628.
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In the diversification of the world's energy portfolio, microalgae biofuels have gained particular attention as a means of providing carbon-neutral hydrocarbon-based fuels. The progress on this front has been hindered because of expensive and unreliable microalgae cultivation systems, where the preparation of synthetic culture media poses a monetary strain. This study aims to investigate a new microalgae growth media that is readily available and cost-effective. The new microalgae fertilizerbased media (FBM) were designed and compared with Bold Basal media (BBM) in terms of growth parameters, production of lipid and value-added algal by-products (carotenoid and phycobiliprotein). The growth parameters such as cell count and specific growth rate were investigated for FBM and BBM. FBM showed a significant growth rate of 7 million/mL-per day as compared to 2 million/ml per day. A similar growth trend was observed for chlorophyll (a), (b) and carotenes which increased to the values of 5microgram/gram formula weight (µg/gfw), 3 µg/gfw and 2 µg/gfw for FBM. On the other hand, lipid and phycobiliprotein showed a decrease of 18.75 % and 16.66 %, respectively, compared to BBM. Even though some growth parameters are negatively affected by fertilizer-based media, the cost reduction is substantial to allow this drawback to be overlooked. The medium's cost is reduced by a factor of 7 and provides ground for the use of the FBM in the large-scale cultivation of algae for biomass production.
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Brown, Jamie, Daniel Kotz, Susan Michie, John Stapleton, Matthew Walmsley, and Robert West. "How effective and cost-effective was the national mass media smoking cessation campaign ‘Stoptober’?" Drug and Alcohol Dependence 135 (February 2014): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.11.003.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Cost effective media"
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Elf, Stefan. "Application semantics for cost-effective media distribution." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Datavetenskap, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-25711.
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Public use of the Internet increases as wideband connections become pervasive and applications suitable for media distribution grow popular. Group collaboration applications have attracted interest during recent years. Wireless connectivity and business applications also furthers a need for reliable communication protocols. Multicast is a driving force for new applications involving one-to-many as well as many-to-many user scenarios like lecturing, discussions, and collaborative work. In some applications guaranteed delivery of every packet is not crucial, while in other this is a requirement. Error handling in reliable protocols can present a substantial challenge already in a homogeneous environment. Including a plethora of end-user terminal types with widely varying resources it becomes even more challenging. Protocols and applications must therefore be able to handle receiver and network link heterogeneity. The thesis addresses some of the challenges facing the applications in this field, related to multicast and unicast alike. Although the obstacles each of them must overcome may differ, there are similarities with regards to possible solutions with respect to error handling or resource allocation. Error handling protocols are proactive or reactive. Proactive protocols transmit redundant information along with the original information, enabling the receivers to repair lost packets without feedback to the sender. Reactive protocols rely either on positive or negative feedback from the receivers in order to establish reliability. According to a definition of semantic reliability the reliability concept can be interpreted in terms of application semantics. It is proposed to view reliable multicast as a special case of semantically reliable multicast and to implement a dynamically configurable transport layer with an error-handling rule set that can be configured from the application or even from the sender in- session. It is also proposed to make use of the application's knowledge of specific semantics to improve on the recovery of lost packets, congestion handling, or resource allocation. The thesis also presents a bandwidth-sharing scheme for video in group collaboration using application semantics in the form of user hints. The presence of such events is made available to all senders via message passing between session members. As information relating to a user's interest in another user is conveyed, the sender may increase its use of resources on the expense of other senders. A scheme is proposed and a prototype implementation and experimental results are presented.<br><p>Godkänd; 2003; 20060918 (ysko)</p>
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Nguyen, Dang Nam Chi. "Scalable and cost-effective framework for continuous media-on-demand." University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Information Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/392.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation was motivated by the exponential growth in bandwidth capacity of the Internet, coupled with the immense growth of broadband adoption by the public. This has led to the development of a wide variety of new online services. Chief amongst the emerging applications is the delivery of multimedia contents to the end users via the network on-demand. It is the “on-demand” aspect that has led to problems which, despite the advances in hardware technology and network capacity, have hampered wide scale adoption of multimedia delivery. The focus of this dissertation was to address these problems, namely: scalability, cost-effectiveness, and network quality of service for timely presentation of multimedia contents. We proposed an architecture, which we referred to as “Delayed-Multicast”, to address the scalability problem. The new architecture introduced buffers within the network to reduce demands on core network bandwidth and server load. A feasibility study of the architecture was conducted through the use of a prototype. It was found that such a system is within reach by demonstrating the prototype using cheap, common-of-the-shelf (COTS) components, and with help of freely available system software such Linux with real-time support. The introduction of buffers within the network led to the requirement of how to minimize buffer space. We developed an optimal algorithm for allocating buffer space in a single level caching layout (i.e. only one buffer in the transmission path from the server to the end user). For the case of multi-levels network caching, we thoroughly examined different optimization problems from an algorithmic perspective. These problems included how to minimize total system memory, and minimize the maximum memory used per node. We proved that determining the optimal buffer allocation in many of these iv v cases is an NP-complete problem. Consequently, we developed heuristics to handle multi-level caching and showed through simulations that the heuristics greatly help in minimizing buffer space and network bandwidth requirement. An important aspect of the heuristics was how to handle the case when the arrival times of client requests were not known a priori. For these “online” problems we also proposed heuristics that can significantly reduce overall system resource requirements. If the cost of buffer space was also taken into account along with the cost of network bandwidth, a different optimization problem was how to minimize the total system cost. Here, we also proposed heuristics, which in simulations show that the total system cost can be significantly reduced. Besides the problems associated with resource allocation, in terms of buffer space and bandwidth, we also examined the problem of how to provision the necessary network quality of service on-demand. Most current networks rely on best-effort delivery which is ill suited for the delivery of multimedia traffic. We proposed a solution which relied on the use of a programmable network plane, that is present in many current routers, to dynamically alter the priority of flows within the network in real-time. We also demonstrated the effectiveness of the flow prioritization on an actual Nortel router. Finally, we examined the problem of how to admit and achieve fair bandwidth allocation for the end-users within a Differentiated Service (DiffServ) network. Diff- Serv is an IETF standard that aims to provide a “better than best-effort” network in a scalable manner, and is used widely, especially within the same autonomous domain for prioritization different classes of traffic. However, there are open problems on how to provide fair bandwidth allocation amongst competing flows. We proposed an edge-aware resource discovery loop, which as the name suggests, sent packets to gather information about the internal states of the core network. With this information, we proposed a price-based admission control algorithm for use within the DiffServ network that would allow fair admission, effective congestion control, and fair bandwidth allocation amongst different traffic flows.
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ZHENG, WEIBO. "Pore-Scale Simulation of Cathode Catalyst Layers in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555436163992345.
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Girardi, Laura. "Development and Validation of Innovative Technologies for Highly Accurate and Cost-Effective Preimplantation Genetic Testing: Technical and Clinical Perspectives." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425772.
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Testing preimplantation embryos, obtained during in vitro fertilization treatments, using preimplantation genetic tests have been introduced into clinical practice in recent years. First applications involved the possibility of detecting embryos affected by monogenic disorders (PGT-M) inherited from parents. Subsequently, preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) was introduced to improve IVF transfer outcomes. Indeed, identification of aneuploid and transfer of euploid embryos has demonstrated improved rates for implantation, pregnancy and live birth per transfer and reduced implantation failures. Developments in genomic technologies for PGT have revolutionized the ability to detect genetic abnormalities of various kinds, starting from a small number of cells biopsied from the embryo. The increased sensitivity and resolution of these methods has allowed to identify not only the gain or loss of entire chromosome but also partial or segmental aneuploidies and chromosomal mosaicism, introducing novel diagnostic categories with greater difficult management and interpretation. Of note the knowledge of the biology of these alterations and the outcomes is incomplete and still evolving. In recent years the demand for PGT has increased considerably. At the same time, the novel technologies adapted for preimplantation genetic diagnosis have allowed to increase the number of samples simultaneously analyzed, reducing the costs and time associated with analyses this allowed a greater diffusion and accessibility of PGT to a greater number of patients. Moreover, partial automation of procedures, increased analytical flexibility and simplified data analysis, provided by recent technologies, have significantly improved laboratory workflow and clinical management. The central theme of this thesis is the evolution of technologies and analytical methods employed in our laboratory for preimplantation genetic diagnosis. In this project the main application of PGT, chromosomal aneuploidies and monogenic disease, are presented separately. Since the beginning of my PhD training, I’ve been involved in the development and validation of new molecular genetics methodologies: the new Ion Reproseq protocol on Ion Torrent platform was validated and introduced into clinical practice for aneuploidy screening. Later Karyomapping approach was validated for monogenic disorders but didn’t replace the technology already in use. During the last year I focused my activity on the characterization of segmental aneuploidies: a considerable proportion was found to be mosaic in origin, reducing their diagnostic predictive value compared to whole chromosome aneuploidies.
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ZANETTI, ANNA. "The management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: an overview of obstacles and improvement strategies." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/365542.
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L’artirite reumatoide (AR) è la più diffusa patologia autoimmune in Italia con elevati costi terapeutici e previdenziali associati. Questa patologia colpisce circa lo 0.5-1% della popolazione adulta, prevalentemente di genere femminile. Essendo una patologia degenerativa, i cui danni sono frequentemente irreversibili, una diagnosi precoce così come un adeguato trattamento ed un elevato livello di compliance del paziente allo stesso, potrebbero rallentare il peggioramento della malattia. Inoltre sono poco noti i possibili effetti della malattia e del suo trattamento sulle gravidanze e i successivi outcome gravidici. I principali obiettivi della tesi quindi sono: i) valutare l’aderenza alle linee guida per il trattamento dell’ AR da parte dei clinici, ii) valutare l’aderenza al trattamento per AR da parte del paziente, iii) stimare costo ed efficacia delle cure erogate nelle cliniche specializzate per il trattamento di pazienti con AR, iv) analizzare gli esiti gravidici e il raggiungimento della gravidanza in donne con AR trattate con metotrexate (MTX). La prima tematica ha riguardato la valutazione di come sono state implementate le linee guida della European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) per il trattamento dell’AR e l’impatto dell’aderenza a queste linee guida sulla probabilità di ospedalizzazione. I principali risultati di questo studio hanno mostrato come i pazienti con un’ottima aderenza alle linee guida, se confrontati con quelli con bassa aderenza, abbiano un rischio del 24% inferiore di incorrere in ospedalizzazione. La seconda tematica ha riguardato la valutazione dell’impatto dell’aderenza al trattamento con Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs), terapia suggerita dall’EULAR, sul raggiungimento della remissione clinica di malattia. I dati provengono dal database ELECTRA (con informazioni cliniche e provenienti da database amministrativi) di pazienti con AR trattati presso l’IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo (Pavia). Si è osservato che un incremento percentuale di 10 unità nella copertura al trattamento comporta un aumento della probabilità di remissione clinica del 10%. Da questi risultati sembra emergere l’importanza di riuscire a monitorare i pazienti nella pratica clinica per mantenere elevati standard di compliance. L’obiettivo della terza tematica si è focalizzato su una valutazione costo-efficacia del trattamento dei pazienti con AR erogato da cliniche specializzate (EAC), confrontandolo con quello dei pazienti trattati in cliniche non specializzate. Sono state quindi reclutate due coorti, la prima di pazienti trattati in una EAC e l’altra estratta dai database amministrativi di regione lombardia tra i soli soggetti con AR. I risultati principali di questa terza fase hanno mostrato come ad un incremento moderato dei costi si associ un incremento molto elevato dell’efficacia, specialmente se calcolata come durata di degenza e come aderenza alle linee guida EULAR. La quarta ed ultima tematica riguarda l’analisi dell’impatto del trattamento con MTX (DMARD suggerito dall’EULAR come prima linea di trattamento) nelle pazienti con AR sulla possibilità di raggiungere una gravidanza e sugli outcome gravidici conseguenti. Sono state definite tre coorti: donne con AR con esposizione incidente di MTX, donne con AR senza trattamento con MTX e donne senza AR. I risultati principali di questa analisi hanno mostrato che le donne con AR, specialmente se trattate con MTX, hanno una minor frequenza di gravidanze rispetto alle donne senza AR. Inoltre, le donne trattate con MTX sembrano avere un rischio più elevato di aborto spontaneo (circa due volte superiore) rispetto alle altre due coorti.<br>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is, in Italy, the most widespread autoimmune disease with high associated costs for the National Health Service. This disease affects about 0.5-1% of the adult population, mainly of the female gender. Being a degenerative disease, whose damages are frequently irreversible, an early diagnosis as well as an adequate treatment and a high level treatment compliance of the patient, could slow down the worsening of the disease. Furthermore, the possible effects of RA and its treatment on pregnancies and subsequent pregnancy outcomes are not well known.
The main objectives of the thesis are therefore: i) to evaluate the adherence to guidelines for the treatment of RA, ii) to evaluate the patient's adherence to RA treatment, iii) to estimate the cost and effectiveness of care provided in specialized clinics for the treatment of RA patients, iv) to analyze pregnancy outcomes and the likelihood of achieving pregnancy in women with RA treated with methotrexate (MTX).
The first issue concerned the assessment of how the guidelines of the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) for the treatment of RA have been implemented, and the impact of adherence to these guidelines on the probability of hospitalization.
The main results of this study showed that patients with excellent adherence to guidelines, when compared with those with low adherence, have a 24% lower risk of hospitalization.
The second topic concerned the evaluation of the impact of adherence to treatment with Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs), the therapy suggested by EULAR, on the achievement of disease clinical remission (defined as a substantial decrease or absence of symptoms). The ELECTRA database, which contains clinical information and information from administrative databases of RA patients treated at the IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo (Pavia), was considered for the analysis. The main finding showed that a 10-unit percentage increase in proportion of days covered by DMARDs is associated with a 10% increase in the likelihood of clinical remission. These results show the importance of monitoring patients in clinical practice to maintain high levels of treatment compliance.
The objective of the third theme focused on a cost-effectiveness evaluation, comparing RA patients treated in specialized clinics ("Early Arthritis Clinic" - EAC), with RA patients treated in non-specialized clinics. Two cohorts were recruited, the first one included patients treated in the EAC of the IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and the other one with patients with RA extracted from the administrative databases of Lombardy region. The main results of this third phase showed that a moderate increase in costs is associated with a very high increase in effectiveness, especially if calculated as length of hospitalizations and as adherence to the EULAR guidelines. These findings could open up new scenarios in RA patient management.
The fourth and final topic concerned the impact of treatment with MTX (DMARD suggested by EULAR as the first line of treatment) in RA women, on the likelihood of achieving pregnancy and on pregnancy outcomes. Three cohorts were recruited: women with RA with incident MTX exposure, women with RA without MTX treatment, and women without RA. The main results of this analysis showed that women with RA, especially when treated with MTX, have a lower frequency of pregnancies than women without RA. Furthermore, women treated with MTX have a higher risk of spontaneous abortion (about twice as high) than the other two cohorts.
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Nguyen, DNC. "Scalable and cost-effective framework for continuous media-on-demand." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10453/20402.
Full textAbstract:
University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Information Technology.<br>This dissertation was motivated by the exponential growth in bandwidth capacity
of the Internet, coupled with the immense growth of broadband adoption by the
public. This has led to the development of a wide variety of new online services.
Chief amongst the emerging applications is the delivery of multimedia contents to
the end users via the network on-demand. It is the “on-demand” aspect that has led
to problems which, despite the advances in hardware technology and network capacity,
have hampered wide scale adoption of multimedia delivery. The focus of this
dissertation was to address these problems, namely: scalability, cost-effectiveness,
and network quality of service for timely presentation of multimedia contents.
We proposed an architecture, which we referred to as “Delayed-Multicast”, to
address the scalability problem. The new architecture introduced buffers within
the network to reduce demands on core network bandwidth and server load. A
feasibility study of the architecture was conducted through the use of a prototype.
It was found that such a system is within reach by demonstrating the prototype using
cheap, common-of-the-shelf (COTS) components, and with help of freely available
system software such Linux with real-time support.
The introduction of buffers within the network led to the requirement of how
to minimize buffer space. We developed an optimal algorithm for allocating buffer
space in a single level caching layout (i.e. only one buffer in the transmission path
from the server to the end user).
For the case of multi-levels network caching, we thoroughly examined different
optimization problems from an algorithmic perspective. These problems included
how to minimize total system memory, and minimize the maximum memory used
per node. We proved that determining the optimal buffer allocation in many of these
iv
v
cases is an NP-complete problem. Consequently, we developed heuristics to handle
multi-level caching and showed through simulations that the heuristics greatly help
in minimizing buffer space and network bandwidth requirement.
An important aspect of the heuristics was how to handle the case when the
arrival times of client requests were not known a priori. For these “online” problems
we also proposed heuristics that can significantly reduce overall system resource
requirements. If the cost of buffer space was also taken into account along with the
cost of network bandwidth, a different optimization problem was how to minimize
the total system cost. Here, we also proposed heuristics, which in simulations show
that the total system cost can be significantly reduced.
Besides the problems associated with resource allocation, in terms of buffer space
and bandwidth, we also examined the problem of how to provision the necessary
network quality of service on-demand. Most current networks rely on best-effort
delivery which is ill suited for the delivery of multimedia traffic. We proposed a
solution which relied on the use of a programmable network plane, that is present in
many current routers, to dynamically alter the priority of flows within the network
in real-time. We also demonstrated the effectiveness of the flow prioritization on an
actual Nortel router.
Finally, we examined the problem of how to admit and achieve fair bandwidth
allocation for the end-users within a Differentiated Service (DiffServ) network. Diff-
Serv is an IETF standard that aims to provide a “better than best-effort” network
in a scalable manner, and is used widely, especially within the same autonomous domain
for prioritization different classes of traffic. However, there are open problems
on how to provide fair bandwidth allocation amongst competing flows. We proposed
an edge-aware resource discovery loop, which as the name suggests, sent packets to
gather information about the internal states of the core network. With this information,
we proposed a price-based admission control algorithm for use within the
DiffServ network that would allow fair admission, effective congestion control, and
fair bandwidth allocation amongst different traffic flows.
7
Liu, Xin. "BitVampire : a cost-effective architecture for on-demand media streaming in heterogeneous P2P networks." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/16631.
Full textAbstract:
On-demand media streaming has recently gained intensive consideration due to its
promising usage in a rich set of Internet-based services such as video on demand,
distance learning, media distribution, etc. However, there are still many challenges
towards building efficient, scalable, on-demand streaming systems, in this thesis, we
propose a novel cost-effective on-demand media streaming architecture for
heterogeneous peer-to-peer networks, named BitVampire. The key idea of BitVampire is
to aggregate peers' storage and bandwidths to facilitate on-demand media streaming. To
achieve this goal, we split published videos into segments and distribute them to different
peers. When watching a video, a peer searches the corresponding segments, and then
aggregates bandwidths from multiple supplying peers to stream the video. To deploy this
architecture in a dynamic heterogeneous peer-to-peer network, three key techniques are
used: (1) Given that peers offer different resources and may leave at any time, a media
segments distributing algorithm and a caching scheme are proposed, which achieve fast
system streaming capacity amplification. (2) An application-level overlay, called
Category Overlay, is chosen as the underlying search infrastructure to efficiently find the
desired segments. (3) A scheduling algorithm is proposed to aggregate bandwidths from
multiple supplying peers and coordinate them to serve one streaming request. We
demonstrate the effectiveness of this proposed architecture through extensive simulation
experiments on large, Internet-like topologies.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Computer Science, Department of<br>Graduate
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Ruß, Peter. "Cost effective strategies for an optimal intertemporal allocation of carbon dioxide emission reduction measures : global warming strategies on a national level for the Federal Republic of Germany /." 1994. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=006708201&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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"Development of an equipment for the study of effective permeability in multiphase media." Tese, MAXWELL, 2000. http://www.maxwell.lambda.ele.puc-rio.br/cgi-bin/db2www/PRG_0991.D2W/SHOW?Cont=2032:pt&Mat=&Sys=&Nr=&Fun=&CdLinPrg=pt.
Full textBooks on the topic "Cost effective media"
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Currie, Elizabeth. Otitis media: A purchaser's guide to cost-effective screening and treatment of school-entry children. York Health Economics Consortium, University of York, 1992.
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Nesi, Paolo, Kia Ng, and Jaime Delgado, eds. Axmedis 2005. Firenze University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-146-5.
Full textAbstract:
The AXMEDIS conference aims to promote discussions and interactions among researchers, practitioners, developers and users of tools, technology transfer experts, and project managers, to bring together a variety of participants. The conference focuses on the challenges in the cross-media domain (which include production, protection, management, representation, formats, aggregation, workflow, distribution, business and transaction models), and the integration of content management systems and distribution chains, with particular emphasis on cost reduction and effective solutions for complex cross-domain problems.
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Horton, James L. Integrating Corporate Communications. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216187196.
Full textAbstract:
Seldom does a work on corporate communications take such a radical economic approach to the topic. Horton integrates corporate communications cost-effectively into all business activity and presents a new way to look at corporate communications as a force behind all business disciplines. He describes and reviews external and internal communication; examines human behavior in communicating; reviews corporate communication structure; and analyzes messages and media and shows how to get started toward cost-effective corporate communication. In 11 chapters, the book presents a look at corporate communications based on economic principles. Separate chapters examine the business environment and communication; corporate communication and strategy and reputation; corporate communication and the individual; corporate communication and messages; corporate communication and media; corporate communication and measurement; and corporate communication and business structure. A major resource for senior managers, strategists, and other communications specialists.
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Elliman, David. Identification of hearing impairment. Edited by Alan Emond. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198788850.003.0020.
Full textAbstract:
Universal newborn hearing screening has meant that babies with significant congenital hearing impairment can be identified soon after birth and management instituted to ameliorate resultant problems, that is, minimize disability and handicap and optimize life chances. Evidence for the value of school entry screening is lacking and there is some evidence it is neither effective nor cost-effective. Further research is needed on this. Otitis media with effusion can cause significant long-lasting effects and may need surgical intervention or the provision of hearing aids. Parents and professionals should be aware of the symptoms that are indicative of possible hearing loss. Parents’ concerns should always be taken seriously.
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Cribb, Julian, and Tjempaka Sari. Open Science. CSIRO Publishing, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643097643.
Full textAbstract:
Open Science is about how we address the profound challenges which now confront humanity: climate, the food crisis, environmental degradation, resource scarcity and disease; through science communication. These call for the sharing of scientific knowledge among billions of humans, on a scale never before attempted.
 Open Science offers practical ways to communicate science in a highly networked world where billions of people still have little or no access to advanced knowledge or technologies. The authors describe low-cost, effective means to transfer knowledge to target audiences in industry, government, the community and to the public at large.
 The book features sections on good science writing, practical advice on how to develop communication and media strategies, ways to measure communication performance, how to handle institutional 'crises', how to deal with politicians and
 much more.
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Saucet, Marcel. Street Marketing™. Praeger, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216987871.
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This compelling book shows companies new methods of marketing communication that will break through the noise created by the competition and allow them to differentiate their offerings and their brands. Consumers see roughly 6,000 advertisements daily—30,000 brands per month. Marketing and advertising in saturated markets is tough. How can companies successfully differentiate their offerings and their brands? InStreet Marketing™: The Future of Guerrilla Marketing and Buzz, Marcel Saucet answers this question by exposing readers to new forms of unconventional marketing. Intended for companies as well as marketing students, this is a guide to the vibrant future of marketing, where social media meets the street. The advantages of applying the author's Street Marketing methods include low cost, high impact, the ability to apply a personal approach, and genuine novelty of the messaging that garners the consumer's attention. The book examines why conventional marketing is no longer enough to sell products and services, and explains how Street Marketing creatively promotes the brand in the street—via street art and street culture—that results in an innovative and cost-effective methodology to reach buyers. Readers will come away with a comprehension of the current crisis on conventional marketing and with the ability to conceptualize their own guerrilla marketing campaign in the street, at shopping malls, and other public places.
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Mapping dietary salt/sodium reduction policies and initiatives in the Region of the Americas. Pan American Health Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275123232.
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The aim of this study was to map existing country policies and initiatives addressing population dietary sodium reduction in the Region of the Americas; to identify policy gaps following what is outlined in the World Health Organization (WHO) “Best Buys” most cost-effective recommendations for the prevention and control of diet-related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs); and to discuss priorities for future work to reduce population salt/sodium intake. We analyzed data from 34 countries in the Region. A review of different databases informed the mapping. Databases included (1) responses from the online Survey on National Initiatives for Salt/Sodium Reduction in the Americas carried out by PAHO in 2016; (2) the databases from the 2017 and 2019 PAHO Country Capacity Surveys for NCDs and Risk Factors; and (3) the repositories of legislation of the PAHO REGULA initiative as of 2018. Research in these databases was complemented by electronic searches on official websites from the ministries of health, education, and agriculture and the library of the national congress in each country. Additionally, when available, government regulatory gazettes were reviewed. National policies that have adopted the most cost-effective interventions for preventing and controlling diet-related NCDs of WHO “Best Buys” included reformulating food products with both voluntary (n=11/34) and mandatory (n=2/34) targets; establishing a supportive environment in public institutions (n=13/34); consumer awareness programs (n=26/34) and behavior-change communication and mass media campaigns (n=(0/34); and implementing front-of-pack labeling (n=5/34). We also found that some countries have implemented regulations that restrict marketing of foods high in salt/sodium to children (n=5/34), or are using nutritional labeling that includes sodium content, either voluntary (n=9/34) or mandatory (n=10/34). However, no country in the Region has implemented taxes on high salt/sodium foods. Based on our review, we concluded that there has been a significant advance in policies to reduce sodium intake in the Region of the Americas in recent years. However, we identified that the level of implementation is quite varied and is challenging to assess. Despite the progress, there remains much work to do on this issue, especially in countries where there is limited or no action yet. Reducing sodium consumption is a cost-effective intervention that can save many lives by preventing and reducing the burden of diet-related NCDs. Therefore, a further call to action is needed for governments to accelerate efforts to meet the 2025 global target of a 30% relative reduction in mean population intake of sodium.
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Barylo, William. British Muslims in the Neoliberal Empire. Oxford University PressOxford, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780198924975.001.0001.
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Abstract Muslims in Europe and North America have been under scrutiny since 9/11 and have faced numerous barriers to attain financial stability, media visibility, and political representation. From the occupation of lands, the world has entered the era of the occupation of minds. State strategies have evolved to offer a dangerous gamble to people from post-colonial diasporas: remain at the margins or silently blend in for the sake of an illusory liberation. Power-hungry Muslim politicians in elite private clubs, politically apathetic social media influencers, multi-million-pound neo-colonial ‘humanitarian’ charities, Muslim far-right sympathizers, and Muslim white supremacists are examples of metacolonialism, turning the oppressed into the new oppressors. Under the promise of financial stability and representation, it has effectively put God for sale at the cost of people’s culture, ethics, identity, and faith. However, in the wake of social justice movements, Muslim activists, artists, and community organizers in Britain have crafted creative responses inspired by their faith in order to resist, heal, and flourish despite minimal resources and support. Informal and independent from institutions, they have established pioneering alternatives in the fields of mental health, community organizing, the protection of the environment, heritage, the arts, and more. Since leadership divides, they have undertaken a duty of stewardship: considering the world and humanity as a one ecosystem that one needs to care for future generation. This work is both a diagnosis and a toolkit looking at the initiatives that reshape public debates and offering working ideas for building a fair and just society.
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Rank, Mark Robert, Lawrence M. Eppard, and Heather E. Bullock. Poorly Understood. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190881382.001.0001.
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Few topics are surrounded by as many myths, stereotypes, and misperceptions as that of poverty in America. The poor have been badly misunderstood since the beginnings of the country, with the rhetoric intensifying in recent times. Our current era of fake news, alternative facts, and media partisanship has led to a breeding ground for all types of myths gaining traction and legitimacy. The time appears right to set the record straight. Poorly Understood is the first book to systematically address and confront many of the most widespread myths pertaining to poverty. It powerfully demonstrates that the realities of poverty are much different than the myths. In many ways, they are more disturbing. The book is divided into six sections. The first five sections examine a wide range of poverty myths, including who is at risk of poverty, why poverty exists, the costs of poverty, issues surrounding the welfare system, and the wider topic of economic inequality. Armed with the latest cutting edge research, Poorly Understood not only challenges the myths of poverty and inequality but also explains in the final section why these myths continue to exist, as well as providing an innovative blueprint for how the nation can move forward to effectively alleviate American poverty.
Book chapters on the topic "Cost effective media"
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Madzikane, Olwethu, Fikisiwe C. Gebashe, and Stephen O. Amoo. "Use of Alternative Components in Cost-Effective Media for Mass Production of Clonal Plants." In Commercial Scale Tissue Culture for Horticulture and Plantation Crops. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0055-6_3.
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Abu Hassan, Affrida, Norazlina Noordin, Zaiton Ahmad, Mustapha Akil, Faiz Ahmad, and Rusli Ibrahim. "Protocol for Mass Propagation of Plants Using a Low-Cost Bioreactor." In Efficient Screening Techniques to Identify Mutants with TR4 Resistance in Banana. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64915-2_11.
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AbstractConventional in vitro mass propagation methods are labour-intensive, costly and have a low degree of automation. Bioreactor or automated growth vessel systems using liquid media were developed to overcome these problems. The use of liquid instead of solid culture medium for plant micropropagation offers better access to medium components and scalability through automation. However, the cost of setting up a bioreactor system is one of its disadvantages as such systems are expensive with limited number of manufacturers. A low-cost bioreactor system was set up using recycled, low biodegradable plastic bottles. This low-cost bioreactor, based on temporary immersion principle, has proven to be effective as a vessel for rapid plant propagation. It is designed to reduce the production cost of plant micropropagation. This chapter explains the step-by-step methods for setting up a low-cost bioreactor for banana seedling production. This low-cost bioreactor system has the potential to be adapted for large scale in vitro cultivation of the plant seedlings.
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Iorlamen, Teryima, Lucky O. Omoigui, Alpha Y. Kamara, et al. "Developing Sustainable Cowpea Seed Systems for Smallholder Farmers through Innovation Platforms in Nigeria: Experience of TL III Project." In Enhancing Smallholder Farmers' Access to Seed of Improved Legume Varieties Through Multi-stakeholder Platforms. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8014-7_9.
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AbstractLimited access to and low use of quality seed of improved varieties rank among the topmost causes of persistently low cowpea yields in Nigeria. This paper presents experiences under the Tropical Legume III (TL III) project in facilitating the access of smallholder farmers to seeds of improved cowpea varieties through the establishment of innovation platforms (IPs) that were introduced in 2015 as part of the activities of the TL III project. There was rapid adoption and use of newly released varieties by farmers as a result of increased awareness of improved varieties through multi-media and user-friendly communication strategies and tools. During the four years of the project (2015–2018), a total of seven multi-stakeholder platforms (MSPs), which comprised six seed companies, 46 farmer groups, five public seed enterprises, two NGOs, and 718 individual seed entrepreneurs and other stakeholders, were established/strengthened to link actors in the cowpea value chain. Community-based seed producers were linked to seed companies while seed companies were linked to research institutions to access early generation seed (EGS). These activities led to the production of over 532 tons of basic seed and 8366 tons of certified/QDS seed of improved cowpea varieties that were entrenched in the seed system. Yield also increased almost twofold from 500 to 900 kg/ha on farmers’ field. Women and youth incomes increased as a result of seed entrepreneurship activities. The small packs approach was an efficient and cost-effective means of reaching more farmers with affordable quantities of seed and a wide range of preferred varieties.
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Gupta, Sakshi, Neha Yadav, and Loveleen Gaba. "Electronic Media." In Research Anthology on Human Resource Practices for the Modern Workforce. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3873-2.ch041.
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Recruitment has changed over the years. Organisations have started searching for an easy and cost effective platform for personality mining. With the explosion of social networking sites, candidates are now able to choose where they could spend their time online. This has encouraged many recruiters to start using social networking as part of a new cost-conscious approach to personality mining. Social networking websites function like an online community of internet users. Popular online sites include LinkedIn, Twitter, and Facebook. They are growing at an exponential rate, with most of the sites being free to join and, importantly, giving organizations an effective means of attracting today's Generation Y workforce. The purpose of this article is to contribute to emerging theory about the role of social networking sites in the process of personality mining.
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Harvey, Kenneth E. "More Cost-Effective but Confusing Advertising Options." In Research Anthology on Strategies for Using Social Media as a Service and Tool in Business. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9020-1.ch008.
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Since 2006, American newspapers have lost nearly two-thirds of their advertising revenue, and a similar tipping point has now hit broadcast and cable television. In 2016, digital advertising expenditures in the U.S. surpassed TV advertising for the first time, and by 2021, digital is expected to surpass all traditional forms of advertising combined. Traditional advertising is dying, and the battle between the digital competitors is heating up, leading to diverse and rapidly changing advertising opportunities. And yet, marketing executives say they are confused and frustrated by all the changes. This chapter documents the new and continuing trends that are reshaping the advertising landscape.
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Basal, Bilgen. "On-Line Media Planning and On-Line Media Common Measurement Currencies." In Handbook of Research on Effective Advertising Strategies in the Social Media Age. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8125-5.ch006.
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This chapter examines on-line media planning techniques and the common on-line measurement metrics, which are used in evaluating the effectiveness of an advertising campaign. It uses highly accessible and scalable Web-based and mobile communication techniques, which turn communication into interactive dialogue as opposed to traditional media. On-line media planning is analyzed in four different dimensions, such as on-line display advertising, performance marketing, social media marketing, and mobile advertising. In addition to this, the meanings and the implications of some concepts such as on-page and off-page search engine optimization and search engine marketing, impression, cost per thousand impressions, also click through rate, pay per click, cost per lead. Please note that conversion and engagement rates are also investigated in this chapter. Social media tools in building the social media strategy such as Facebook social graph, custom audiences, lookalike audiences, interest analysis, and Google analytics also receive special attention.
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Oyman, Turgay. "Using Eye-Tracking in Integrated Marketing Communication." In Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0855-4.ch007.
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We can use neuromarketing to understand how consumers feel, think, and behave. Eye-tracking also gives us clues as to whether the tools we use in marketing communication can actually achieve the results we want. In this way, our messages will reach the masses much more easily and at less cost, making marketing communication more effective. Did the person receiving the message really notice the brand, logo, product, or was it just a fun activity for them? Eye-tracking can answer this question much more easily and with less cost, making marketing communication more effective. This chapter explores eye-tracking in marketing.
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Kaur, Manpreet, and Rajesh Verma. "Social Media." In Media Influence. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3929-2.ch001.
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Internet usage has shown drastic growth in the initial half of the year 2015 in India. The user base has increased over 354 million and with this India has become the top second country after China in terms of internet usage. Facebook is the prime social networking site which is used by 96% of urban users, followed by Google Plus (61%), Twitter (43%) and LinkedIn (24%). This extensive use of social media by the public had attracted the attention of the politicians to use it for election campaigns and has given researchers a reason to find out how politicians are engaging the public through this platform. Influence of Social media on the electorate has been proved from its successful use in the US presidential election in 2008 and by political parties in the 2014 Lok Sabha elections in India. This paper intends to explore the use of social media and its effectiveness in political elections through an extensive literature review. Social media has become an effective tool for political engagement and political participation as it is a low cost media as compared to traditional media. The low cost of this media has made it one of the main source to get information for advanced analysis and in-depth understanding of the electoral process. This paper will provide an insight to politicians, political analysts, journalists and electoral candidates regarding social media usage. The paper will also present a future research agenda to study how political parties can benefit from use of social media and change their strategies to engage workers and the voters.
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Williams, Sarah. "Always On." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2206-5.ch014.
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Social media is often viewed as a solution to service sector engagement issues, since it presents a cost-effective alternative to traditional promotional strategies; acting both as a promotional platform and a forum for customer engagement. Social media is increasingly being used by service sector organisations to engage with communities and create dialogue between organisations and their service users. In a world where consumers are increasingly ‘always on', the challenge is how to effectively use social media as a key promotional, communications and engagement tool, and to move its use from broadcast platforms to forums for online customer engagement. The aim of this chapter is to understand how service sector organisations are engaging with social media platforms and customer communities; to identify whether, in an ‘always on' world, this represents the ideal method of community building, or whether it is being used as a more cost effective broadcast tool; and to identify areas of good practice.
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Kobayashi, Takaomi. "Environmentally Sustainable Production of Bacterial Nanocellulose in Waste-Based Cell Culture Media and Applications." In Advances in Chemical and Materials Engineering. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0003-9.ch005.
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Bacterial cellulose has attracted great attention due to the demand for eco–friendly materials and sustainable products. It possesses properties superior to those of plant cellulose and has potential uses in various applications. The wider application of bacterial cellulose depends on the practical considerations such as the scale–up capability and production costs. The high cost of bacterial cellulose production is the main drawback that hinders industrial implementation. The cost–competitiveness can be improved, and bacterial cellulose production can be maximized by the utilization of agricultural and industrial waste and by–products as bacterial cell culture media. This chapter provides an overview of cost–effective culture media for bacterial cellulose production by using agricultural waste as a primary nutrient source. The applications related to nanocellulose, and the future challenges are also described.
Conference papers on the topic "Cost effective media"
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Webster, R. T. "Zirconium Cost Effective Uses in Corrosive Applications." In CORROSION 1987. NACE International, 1987. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1987-87459.
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Abstract Zirconium is resistant to many corrosive media such as acids, alkalies, organic compounds and salts. When used in applications where high corrosion resistance is required, zirconium will reduce maintenance and downtime and in many cases will increase process efficiency. Several examples of cost savings are shown. Three different sulfuric acid applications are cited. In nitric acid where austenitic stainless steels and titanium had limited corrosion resistance, the use of zirconium has led to reduced maintenance and increased process efficiency. The replacement of a brick-lined tower and the use of zirconium tower packing and internals rather than ceramics has resulted in reduced maintenance costs in a chlorinated hydrocarbon process. In an alternating hot sulfuric acid and caustic service, zirconium has replaced a combination of three construction materials for a maintenance-free operation.
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Balan, Kumar. "Steps to a More Effective Blasting Operation." In SSPC 2013 Greencoat. SSPC, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2013-00007.
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Abstract Shot blasting as a mechanical surface preparation process is widely used in finishing metallic parts. Sophistication in the use of this technique could range from simple manual systems to computer controlled equipment for preparing aerospace and automotive components. It’s important to grasp the basics of blast cleaning to appreciate sources of savings in operating costs. Selecting the right machine and degree of automation is also important in achieving the final goal. Over the years, repeatability of finish, consistency of results, and operating costs have gained importance among blast equipment users. This has led to identification of critical process parameters that have tangible impact on the final result. Process variables such as media size, velocity, shape and flow rate, all play their own critical roles in determining the end result of your operation. Such parameters are not monitored in a conventional cleaning process. However, in an allied process called shot peening, such parameters have to be kept in close check. Therefore, lessons learnt from peening leads us in an evolutionary path in the blast cleaning. Monitoring and adjusting process parameters such as the impact energy, media size can result in a more controlled cleaning operation resulting in operating cost savings. The shot blasting industry, albeit at a slower pace, has embraced technology over the past ten years. But there’s more to come in terms of brand new applications, materials, designs and techniques. Our discussion will conclude with information on what to expect from this industry going forward.
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White, Frederick E., and D. C. Agarwal. "New Cost-Effective Materials to Meet the Corrosive Challenges of the Pulp and Paper Industry." In CORROSION 1990. NACE International, 1990. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1990-90538.
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Abstract The performance of various materials used for solving the basic corrosion problems of the pulp and paper industry is well documented in the open literature. Materials used in equipment and components cover the wide spectrum from non-metallic (brick and tile linings with chemical-resistant mortar, thermal resin linings and reinforced thermal resin equipment and pipe) to carbon steel, 900 series standard stainless steels, superaustenitic stainless steels, duplex stainless steels, titanium and alloys of the Ni-Cr-Mo family. The already high corrosivity of the acidic chloride and oxidizing media of this industry has been further aggravated by the need for compliance with environmental regulations. Recycling and closed loop operation of the processes have resulted in higher chloride levels, lower pH-values and higher temperatures. This has created the need to find newer and better cost-effective materials to combat both corrosion and erosion. This paper describes already established 6 Mo stainless steels, and introduces three new alloys which show excellent resistance to pitting and crevice attack in acidic chloride media - one of the main concerns of the pulp and paper industry. One of these three new alloys has exceptional erosion resistance as well as good corrosion resistance.
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Singh, P., and J. Cox. "Development of a Cost Effective Powder Coated Multi-Component Coating for Pipelines." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00762.
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Abstract Pipelines are used globally to transport a variety of materials including gas, crude, petroleum products as well as water. To a great degree, they fulfill a range of demands to provide safe and low cost conduits. Currently, more and more pipelines are being called upon to perform for durations beyond their planned life. In addition, the pipelines are being used for different media being transported under new conditions, not anticipated in the original design. Pipeline coatings are selected on the basis of product cost with less emphasis given for the impact of coating types on overall project costs or on asset integrity beyond the planned life. In view of this, there has to be some rethinking of the design and selection philosophy regarding pipeline coating. This will lead to an increasing demand for innovative and better performing external corrosion coating systems to ensure pipeline assets are well protected and retain their value even after their planned assignments have been completed. This paper compares conventional Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE) coating against an innovative powder coated multi-component coating. Economic benefits of this coating system, particularly in the significant phases of new pipeline installations such as transportation, field storage, construction, and operational service are discussed.
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Agarwal, D. C., U. Heubner, R. Kirchheiner, and M. Koehler. "Cost-Effective Solutions to CPI Corrosion Problems with a New Ni-Cr-Mo Alloy." In CORROSION 1991. NACE International, 1991. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1991-91179.
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Abstract The "C" family of Ni-Cr-Mo alloys over the last 60 years has had many variations starting with Alloy C, Alloy C-276, Alloy C-4, and Alloy 22. Alloy 59, the most recent advancement, is a tungsten-free low iron 59Ni-23Cr-16Mo alloy. This advanced Ni-Cr-Mo alloy has been designed to withstand the most severe corrosive conditions of the modern chemical process industry and today's environmental pollution control systems, where other alloys are at the end of their usefulness limits. Alloy 59 is intended for applications dealing with chloride containing sulfuric acid, FGD media at pH below 1 and temperatures greater than 100°C, environmental control technologies of halogenated waste incineration systems, hot dilute hydrochloric acid, hot strongly oxidizing contaminated sulfuric and phosphoric acids, and other mixed/complex acid mixtures. After a brief insight into the historical development of the "C" family of alloys, the various aspects of Alloy 59, and results of laboratory and field tests are presented.
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Shen, Ming, Colin Gardner, and Mike Gabor. "Preventing Electrostatic Damage with Effective and Circular-Economy Friendly Protection." In CONFERENCE 2025. AMPP, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2025-00360.
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Abstract Damage from ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) is a major cost to the microcircuit industry and electronic parts in terms of time, money, and mission risk. Worse, ESD damage can easily go undetected1. Our modern life is inherently and increasingly tied to sophisticated and costly electronic components, such as in AI exploration, data centers, robotics, video game consoles, and electrical vehicles, to name just a few. The storage and transportation of these vast amounts of electronic components require sound packaging design to ensure their integrity. Common packaging materials use petroleum based plastic media, which after usage result in vast amounts of landfill waste. Presented here is an eco-friendly packaging material that provides ESD and corrosion protection to electronic components during storage and transportation, using renewable paper substrate. Its ESD protection meets the requirements of ANSI/ESD STM11.11 and MIL-STD 3010C Method 4046, its vapor corrosion protection meets NACE Standard TM0208. When taken out of this package material, the functions of the parts will not be affected and can be used as usual. After usage, this ESD protective packaging can be easily recycled into paper waste stream, not to a landfill. This material is also biodegradable.
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Qu, Zhihao, Xiaoqi Yue, Yi Li, et al. "Corrosion Risk Prediction Based on Offshore Pipeline Service Database and Machine Learning Algorithms." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-17711.
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Abstract Pipelines are an important part of offshore oil and gas field development facilities and the main means of gathering and transporting offshore oil and gas resources. However, pipelines are subject to deterioration and degradation in the corrosion media. Corrosion risk assessment and prediction is an effective way to avoid leakage of oil and gas field pipelines and facilities, ensure safe operation and save cost. Hence, in this study, a machine learning model with excellent predictive performance was constructed for corrosion rate, to provide an effective mean for processing complex corrosion data and to provide a useful tool for further exploration of submarine pipeline corrosion problems. Meanwhile, a method that can effectively and quickly evaluate the accuracy of corrosion rate prediction model was explored, which can be used as a reference to select the most appropriate and accurate Machine Learning (ML) model based on existing data.
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Yancey, Peter, Glenn Astolfi, Randy Nixon, Glenn D. Hauser, Cory Brown, and Gregory Pope. "Atmospheric Plasma Coating Removal: the Future without Spent Abrasive." In SSPC 2018. SSPC, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2018-00014.
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Abstract Throughout both commercial and military industries there is a growing need for environmentally safe and cost-effective solutions capable of removing paint and coatings from a wide range of surfaces including steel, aluminum, concrete and composites. Atmospheric Plasma Coating Removal (APCR) is the next generation of coating removal and surface preparation technology that represents a step forward in developing more environmentally responsible methods for coating removal. Tested in U.S. government trials, APCR was found to be a safe and effective alternative to dry media blasting and wet abrasive blasting. Requiring only compressed air and electricity to operate, a concentrated, low temperature, air plasma beam is created which enables rapid coating removal without the use of any media, virtually eliminating the need for containment. Single or multiple plasma beams may be configured for handheld or machine-mounted use to prepare a variety of substrates. The coating removal and cleaning process converts the organic components of most decorative or protective coatings into carbon dioxide and water vapor. Inorganic constituents of the coatings, such as pigments, are then recovered as a fine dust. The Atmospheric Plasma Coating Removal system presents a novel technology to remove coatings from virtually any substrate material. APCR has been demonstrated to be an effective alternative to media and wet abrasive blasting on a wide range of surfaces and coatings found in both commercial and military industries.
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Maya-Visuet, Enrique. "High-Performance Corrosion and Erosion Resistance of an Amorphous Iron-Based Alloy Coating Exposed to Molten FLiNaK Salt Nuclear Reactor Coolant at 700 °C." In AM-EPRI 2024. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2024p0669.
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Abstract This presentation compares the corrosion resistance of uncoated Haynes 230 and SS316HS substrates to the same substrates coated with a Fe-based amorphous alloy. The substrates were exposed to highly corrosive media, FLiNaK, for 120 hours at 700 °C. The findings indicate that the thermal spray amorphous alloy coating provided superior corrosion resistance within the coatings while protecting the substrates against the aggressive environment. As a result, the new amorphous metal coating improved the substrate's lifespan by providing better protection against high-temperature corrosion, paving the way for a more efficient and cost-effective future in various industrial applications.
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Prager, Martin. "Lessons Learned from Corrosion Fatigue Testing Castings." In CORROSION 1986. NACE International, 1986. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1986-86143.
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Abstract Fatigue testing castings in aggressive, corrosive media presents particular problems with regard to specimen size, thermal history, quality and configuration. This paper presents factors to be considered when selecting test methods and specimen configurations based on experience in programs with bronze and stainless steel castings. Issues considered include frequency effects, crack propagation, extrapolation of data and the influence of mean stresses. It is concluded that if the key variables are properly studied and understood useful guidance in materials selection can be obtained. Equally important to the user, however, are decisions made in design and fabrication. Cost effective test programs depend on identifying the optimum frequency to be used in running tests to the maximum practical number of cycles.
Reports on the topic "Cost effective media"
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Santoro, Fabrizio. Visual Nudges: How Deterrence and Equity Shape Tax Compliance Attitudes and Behaviour in Rwanda. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2022.011.
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The empirical evidence on the drivers of compliance is expanding quickly, but there is less evidence from low-income countries. Mass-media communication channels are a cheap option that budget-constrained revenue administrations can use to communicate with taxpayers. However, very little is known about the effectiveness of such tools in improving compliance. This paper starts to address this gap by testing the impact of two short animated videos on tax matters – one focusing on deterrence and the other on equity – that were used in a survey experiment. Using a unique dataset of survey and administrative data from Rwandan taxpayers, we are able to measure the impact on compliance perceptions and behaviour. We document two significant results. First, both videos are effective in improving perceptions around enforcement and equity. Second, only the deterrence video translates into more tax being remitted – the equity appeal fails to raise more revenue. We investigate the mechanisms behind this response, and show that prior behaviour of taxpayers might explain the different responses to our deterrence and equity treatments. Our intervention is highly cost-effective and easily scalable.
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Biddlecom, Ann, Taylor Riley, Jacqueline E. Darroch, Elizabeth A. Sully, Vladimíra Kantorová, and Mark C. Wheldon. Future Scenarios of Adolescent Contraceptive Use, Cost and Impact in Developing Regions. Guttmacher Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/2018.29732.
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Key Points This report presents scenarios of adolescent contraceptive use through 2030 to highlight the potential impact and costs associated with overall increased contraceptive use among adolescents and an increased use of long-acting, reversible contraceptives (LARCs), specifically. Under a scenario that assumes the most likely level of modern contraceptive use to be reached in a particular year (median values of probabilistic projections), the number of adolescent women using modern contraceptives in developing regions would reach 19.8 million in 2030, and 57% of adolescent women would have their need for modern contraception met. The total annual cost of services in 2030 for the projected 19.8 million modern method users would be an estimated $310 million. The cost would be lower, at $275 million, if 20% of adolescent women using short-acting methods were to choose LARCs. An estimated 7.1 million unintended pregnancies would be averted under this scenario. Because LARCs are highly effective, a shift toward use of these methods would avert an additional 300,000 unintended pregnancies. Under a scenario with accelerated growth in modern contraceptive use among adolescent women in developing regions, the number of modern method users would reach 27.1 million in 2030, and the proportion of adolescent women whose need for modern contraception would be met would rise to 79%. Contraceptive services for the 27.1 million modern method users in 2030 would cost an estimated $412 million. The cost would drop to $365 million under an assumption of increased LARC use. In 2030, an estimated 9.6 million unintended pregnancies would be averted under this accelerated growth scenario, and an additional 400,000 unintended pregnancies would be averted with a shift to LARC use.
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Aslanyan, Hrayr, Gregory Gerasimov, and Ibrahim Parvanta. Pilot implementation of USI FORTIMAS Methodology for Assessment and Tracking Effective Coverage of the National Salt lodization Program and iodine status of pregnant women in the Republic of Armenia. National Institute of Health Named after Academician S. Avdalbekyan, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54235/9789939879925.
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To enable public and private sector stakeholders of the national salt iodization program in Armenia to be able to confirm high population coverage of well iodized salt and the associated adequate iodine status of the population systematically and at a substantially lower cost than typical population-based representative surveys, the IGN supported the “pilot” implementation of the FORTIMAS (Fortification Monitoring and Surveillance) methodology, adapted to tracking “effective coverage” of iodized salt, in Armenia. Primary analysis of non-probabilistic data showed high (92%) household coverage of adequately iodized salt and optimum (175.3 µg/L) median urinary iodine concentration among 1st trimester pregnant women, across purposively selected sentinel sites. Secondary analysis of data on production, imports and distribution of iodized salt indicated consistently high expected and assessed population coverage of iodized salt during the past decade. The prevalence of neonatal TSH levels above 5 mUI/L (an indicator of iodine status among pregnant women) over past 12 years was less than 3% with a general trend of decreasing from 2.35% in 2017 to 1.39% in 2023. The cost of implementation of the FORTIMAS approach as an initial round of “annual” iodized salt program monitoring and surveillance in Armenia, was only a fraction of that of a typical nationally representative salt iodization/population iodine status survey. Furthermore, because the overall framework of a potential “Armenia FORTIMAS System” has been developed under this project, it may be estimated that about 10 annual rounds of salt iodization program monitoring and surveillance may be carried out in Armenia int the future, at about the same cost as one nationally representative salt iodization program survey.
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Iyer, Ananth V., Samuel Labi, Steven Dunlop, Thomas Brady Jr., and Eki Amijaya. Cost and Benefit Analysis of Installing Fiber Optics on INDOT Projects. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317131.
Full textAbstract:
The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) is tasked with the stewardship of billions of dollars’ worth of public invested highway infrastructure. Not only does INDOT continually seek design and operational policies that foster cost effective project delivery and procurement, they also seek opportunities for revenue generation. Due to population growth and the increased demand for online connectivity and global information transmission, the fiber-optic cable industry has experienced rapid growth over the past few years. Information and communication technology (ICT) companies have long sought to achieve higher economic productivity by installing fiber-optic cables in the right of way (ROW) of access-controlled highways. Based on these developments, an experiment was conducted to measure the economic impact in Indiana. To determine this impact, a database was developed by compartmentalizing the analysis into (1) GDP per county per industry type, (2) the natural growth of GDP as a factor, and (3) the extent of contribution of broadband in the growth of GDP. A general formula was developed to incorporate the adjusted median income on both the industry and county levels, along with a broadband contribution factor. This formula was employed to determine policies that can produce optimum economic outcome by leveraging the Pareto method.
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Shpigel, Muki, Allen Place, William Koven, Oded (Odi) Zmora, Sheenan Harpaz, and Mordechai Harel. Development of Sodium Alginate Encapsulation of Diatom Concentrates as a Nutrient Delivery System to Enhance Growth and Survival of Post-Larvae Abalone. United States Department of Agriculture, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7586480.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The major bottlenecks in rearing the highly priced gastropod abalone (Haliotis spp.) are the slow growth rate and the high mortality during the first 8 to 12 weeks following metamorphosis and settling. The most likely reason flor these problems is related to nutritional deficiencies in the diatom diet on which the post larvae (PL) feed almost exclusively in captivity. Higher survival and improved growth rate will reduce the considerable expense of hatchery-nursery resisdence time and thereflore the production costs. BARD supported our research for one year only and the support was given to us in order to prove that "(1) Abalone PL feed on encapsulated diatoms, and (2) heterotrophic diatoms can be mass produced." In the course of this year we have developed a novel nutrient delivery system specifically designed to enhance growth and survival of post-larval abalone. This approach is based on the sodium-alginate encapsulation of heterotrophically grown diatoms or diatom extracts, including appetite-stimulating factors. Diatom species that attract the PL and promote the highest growth and survival have been identified. These were also tested by incorporating them (either intact cells or as cell extracts) into a sodium-alginate matrix while comparing the growth to that achieved when using diatoms (singel sp. or as a mixture). A number of potential chemoattractants to act as appetite-stimulating factors for abalone PL have been tested. Preliminary results show that the incorporation of the amino acid methionine at a level of 10-3M to the sodim alginate matrix leads to a marked enhancement of growth. The results ol these studies provided basic knowledge on the growth of abalone and showed that it is possible to obtain, on a regular basis, survival rates exceeding 10% for this stage. Prior to this study the survival rates ranged between 2-4%, less than half of the values achieved today. Several diatom species originated from the National Center for Mariculture (Nitzchia laevis, Navicula lenzi, Amphora T3, and Navicula tennerima) and Cylindrotheca fusiformis (2083, 2084, 2085, 2086 and 2087 UTEX strains, Austin TX) were tested for heterotrophic growth. Axenic colonies were initially obtained and following intensive selection cycles and mutagenesis treatments, Amphora T3, Navicula tennerima and Cylindrotheca fusiformis (2083 UTEX strain) were capable of growing under heterotrophic conditions and to sustain highly enriched mediums. A highly efficient selection procedure as well as cost effective matrix of media components were developed and optimized. Glucose was identified as the best carbon source for all diatom strains. Doubling times ranging from 20-40 h were observed, and stable heterotroph cultures at a densities range of 103-104 were achieved. Although current growth rates are not yet sufficient for full economical fermentation, we estimate that further selections and mutagenesis treatments cycles should result in much faster growing colonies suitable for a fermentor scale-up. As rightfully pointed out by one of the reviewers, "There would be no point in assessing the optimum levels of dietary inclusions into micro-capsules, if the post-larvae cannot be induced to consume those capsules in the first place." We believe that the results of the first year of research provide a foundationfor the continuation of this research following the objectives put forth in the original proposal. Future work should concentrate on the optimization of incorporation of intact cells and cell extracts of the developed heterotrophic strains in the alginate matrix, as well as improving this delivery system by including liposomes and chemoattractants to ensure food consumption and enhanced growth.
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Bongsebandhu-phubhakdi, Saknan, and Anan Srikiatkhachorn. On-media axon branching and adhesion investigation of neurons as stimulated by modulated potentials on micro-patterned gold substrate. Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 2016. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2016.22.
Full textAbstract:
The main focus of this research paper is on-media axon branching and adhesion investigation of neurons as stimulated by modulated potentials on micro-patterned gold substrate. Due to the prolonged and inefficient procedures of nerve repair, it is essential that we effectively incorporate different parameters and techniques as well as investigate cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions to explore new boundaries. This could lead to more operational options for nerve regeneration. Initially, the behavior of cell growth is first observed. 3T3 and Neuro2A cells are grown according to specific protocols allowing the observations of appropriate parameters needed to optimize the cells' development and proliferation. After thorough examination, the two cell subjects will be grown on patterned and non-patterned gold-coated substrates. Previously, "Cathode Arc Sputtering" and "Magnetron Sputtering" techniques are used to coat gold particles on polystyrene substrates and distributions of the thin films are then analyzed. Different patterning techniques, such as "Stencil Patterning" and "Microcontact Printing" are then applied to create a number of patterns on the substrates. Furthermore, 3D patterns will be induced by electrical potentials to generate magnetic fields near neurons. Various structured patterns as well as the overall shapes of the magnetic fields are speculated to have different effects on neural behaviors. Thus, cell-substrate adhesion interactions, manipulation of neuronal growth and proliferation using electrical potentials will be explored on pure gold substrates in this research. Specifically, the ambition of this research is to contribute to the development of neuron circuits that will allow more efficient procedures for nerve repair. This research's greatest hope is not only to provide current developments with extensive data for further improvements, but also to comprehend better the constraints restraining the breakthroughs of novel technologies.
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Esparza and Westine. L51482 Well Casing Response to Buried Explosive Detonations. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010272.
Full textAbstract:
Occasionally, buried explosives are used within proximity of producing oil and gas wells which increases the stresses in the casing near the explosion which may result in failure of the well. A procedure was needed for predicting the maximum stresses in producing oil and gas wells, specifically the well casing, induced by nearby, buried, explosive detonations. An extensive experimental and analytical program were funded and performed over a six (6) year period 1975-1981. The program was divided into two (2) parts: In the first part, similitude theory, empirical analyses and test data were used to derive equations for estimating maximum ground displacement and particle velocity. The ground motions provided the forcing function imparted to a buried pipeline. In the second part, similitude theory, conservation of mass and momentum, and approximate energy methods were used to derive functional relationships for the maximum pipe strains and stresses. Experimental data from more than sixty (60) field tests ere used to develop equations for estimating maximum pipe stresses induced by point and parallel line explosive sources buried in homogeneous soil media. The pipe stress and ground motion data from these experiments were used to develop an equation for computing an effective standoff distance so that the point source soil equations could be used to approximate the casing response. The large amount of data used and the wide range of these data make the solutions applicable to most blasting situations near producing oil and gas wells. This report provides comprehensive and detailed information for pipeline as well as oil and gas operators to predict the effect of buried explosives and thus the safety of a well(s) while in-service through proper assessment of stresses and guidelines for the appropriate selection of explosive charges, techniques and methods. This will avoid unexpected damages, operational costs, provide guidance for \operator qualification\" for blasting near in-service wells and minimize liabilities to the operator.
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Niles, John S., and J. M. Pogodzinski. Steps to Supplement Park-and-Ride Public Transit Access with Ride-and-Ride Shuttles. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1950.
Full textAbstract:
Public transit ridership in California declined in the five years before the pandemic of 2020–21 and dropped significantly further after the pandemic began. A sharp downward step in the level of transit boarding occurred after February 2020, and continues to the date of this report as a result of the public-health guidance on social distancing, expanded work-at-home, and a travel mode shift from public transit to private cars. A critical issue has come to the foreground of public transportation policy, namely, how to increase the quality and geographic reach of transit service to better serve the essential trips of mobility disadvantaged citizens who do not have access to private vehicle travel. The research focus of this report is an examination of the circumstances where fixed route bus route service could cost-effectively be replaced by on-demand microtransit, with equivalent overall zone-level efficiency and a higher quality of complete trip service. Research methods were reviews of documented agency experience, execution of simple simulations, and sketch-level analysis of 2019 performance reported in the National Transit Database. Available evidence is encouraging and suggestive, but not conclusive. The research found that substitutions of flexible microtransit for fixed route buses are already being piloted across the U.S., with promising performance results. The findings imply that action steps could be taken in California to expand and refine an emphasis on general purpose microtransit in corridors and zones with a relatively high fraction of potential travelers who are mobility disadvantaged, and where traditional bus routes are capturing fewer than 15 boardings per vehicle hour. To be sufficiently productive as fixed route replacements, microtransit service technologies in the same or larger zones need to be capable of achieving vehicle boardings of five per hour, a challenge worth addressing with technology applications. Delivery of microtransit service can be undertaken through contracts with a growing set of private sector firms, which are developing processes to merge general purpose customers with those now assigned to ADA-required paratransit and Medi-Cal-supported non-emergency medical transport.