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Rollins, Lynnette S. "Revised lumber yard cost estimator work sample." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000rollinsl.pdf.
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Gandhi, Raju P. "REDUCTION / ELIMINATION OF ERRORS IN COST ESTIMATES USING CALIBRATION – AN ALGORITHMIC APPROACH." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1134575761.
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Boyer, John R. (John Raymond) 1979. "Compilation of a materials cost database for a web-based composites cost estimator." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/31101.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-45).
The production of composite materials continues to be an expensive process. The WEB-Based Cost Estimation Model enables one to approximate the cost of manufacturing composites, so as to assist the user in making sound economic decisions. An extensive, up-to-date materials database is an essential part of such a cost estimator. This paper presents a list of materials to be added to the existing database and also derives a materials selection chart for six manufacturing processes.
by John R. Boyer.
S.B.
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Gildenblatt, Robbie B. "A Methodology Incorporating Manufacturing System Capacity in Manufacturing Cost Estimation." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1357314439.
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Afetornu, Charles. "The influence of estimator attitude on project cost reliability." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8536.
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The reliability of project estimates is dependent on a number of factors that can be classed as exogenous or endogenous to the estimator. The exogenous factors comprise information, environment, technology, methods and processes, which are external to the estimator. The endogenous factors reflect personal characteristics associated with the estimator and consist of aspects such as judgement, preferences and personality. Construction's effort to improve the estimating function has addressed both the practice of, and process of delivering the estimate. Much of the effort, however, has been addressed at aspects of estimating that can be considered classed under exogenous factors. This includes the use of technology to improve both the accuracy of computation and the speed for generating the estimate. Notwithstanding progressive improvement achieved in estimating from addressing such exogenous factors, most project-oriented industries still suffer from unreliable estimates. Although the problem of unreliable estimates is a worldwide phenomenon, it reflects more starkly in many developing economies, where its effect is much more striking. Understanding the root causes of the persistence of unreliable estimates would therefore, call for a focus on factors other than the exogenous ones that most improvement and development efforts have focus on. The study, which formed the basis of this thesis adopts the position that any improvements in reliability, beyond what the exogenous-based developments have achieved so far, lies in the contribution that estimators can make by addressing their endogenous factors. For that position to be valid, the study showed that the personality characteristics of various estimators produce different levels of reliability. Three endogenous factors, experience, qualification, and personality archetype (or trait) were employed to explore the relationships with estimating reliability. A quantitative research approach was adopted for the investigation, as the nature of evidence required was primarily objective, to substantiate the argument that different levels of particular endogenous factors produce different reliabilities in estimating. Data for the study was obtained from Ghana. Two categories of sample data were collected through stratification of the population, followed by systematic sampling methods. The two samples were a control group, comprising estimators with more than or equal to ten years experience; and an observed (or study group), made up of estimators with less than ten years experience. An instrument based on a self-reporting protocol was developed and utilized in the elicitation of data from both groups.
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Bhagawat, Pankaj. "Design of a robust parameter estimator for nominally Laplacian noise." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/107.
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Liu, Yang. "Aspects of linking CAD and cost estimation software." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52136.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis describes a module that links AutoCAD and CeDeas (cost estimation software which was developed by Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch). CeDeas is intended for estimating the direct manufacturing cost of simple welded assemblies in a batch production environment. It is aimed at use during late concept design or early detail design. The link module was developed in Borland C++ Builder. By using COM (Component Object Model) technology, the link module employs the methods and the properties of the AutoCAD automation interface to extract manufacturing information that is required by CeDeas. The link module prompts the user to pick objects in an AutoCAD drawing and then determines the values required by CeDeas to estimate the manufacturing cost. The user can choose between a "direct select method" (which uses the properties of geometric entities already in the drawing) and a "user define method" (whereby the user defmes temporary entities or combines aspects of existing entities in the AutoCAD drawing). With these results and some non-geometric inputs, the user can get a cost estimate of components and assemblies. After design changes, the link module can provide CeDeas with updated values with minimal user interaction in situations where the "direct select method" was used. The designer can therefore easily use the cost estimates to compare design alternatives to optimise the design. Validation studies demonstrated the numerical accuracy of the use of the link module. The link module can be regarded as an extension of CeDeas. At present it only supports AutoCAD R14, but can be extended to support AutoCAD 2000 and Mechanical Desktop.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Module wat dien as skakel tussen AutoCAD and CeDeas (kosteberamingsagteware ontwikkel deur die Departement van Meganiese Ingenieurswese, Universiteit van Stellenbosch) word in hierdie tesis beskryf. Die doel van CeDeas is om die direkte vervaardiginskoste van eenvoudige, gesweisde samestellings, in 'n lot-produksie omgewing, te beraam. Dit is gemik op gebruik tydens laat konsepontwerp en vroeë detailontwerp. Die skakelmodule is ontwikkel in Borland C++ Builder. Deur van COM (Component Object Model) tegnologie gebruik te maak, kry die skakelmodule toegang tot die funksies en eienskappe van AutoCAD se outomatisasie koppelvlak en kan sodoende die vervaardigingsinligting onttrek wat deur CeDeas benodig word. Die skakelmodule vra die gebruiker om voorwerpe in 'n AutoCAD tekening te kies en bepaal dan die waardes wat deur CeDeas benodig word om die vervaardigingskoste te skat. Die gebruiker kan kies tussen 'n "direkte keuse metode" (wat die eienskappe van geometriese entiteite wat reeds in die tekening is, gebruik) en 'n "gebruiker definieer metode" (waarin die gebruiker tydelike entiteite defmieer of kombinasies van aspekte van bestaande entiteite in die AutoCAD tekening gebruik). 'n Koste beraming van komponente of samestellings kan verkry word met hierdie inligting tesame met ander nie-geometriese inligting. Na ontwerpsveranderings, kan die skakelmodule hersiene waardes vir CeDeas voorsien met minimale gebruikers-interaksie in gevalle waar die "direkte keuse metode" gebruik is. Die gebruiker kan daarom maklik die kosteskattings gebruik om ontwerpsaltematiewe te vergelyk om die ontwerp te optimeer. Evalueringstudies het die numeriese akkuraatheid van die skakelmodule bevesting. Hierdie module kan as 'n uitbreiding van CeDeas beskou word. Tans werk die module slegs met AutoCAD R14, maar dit kan uitgebrei word om met AutoCAD 2000 en Mechanical Desktop te werk.
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Motrunich, Anastasiia. "Estimation des paramètres pour les séquences de Markov avec application dans des problèmes médico-économiques." Thesis, Le Mans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEMA1009/document.
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Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous considérons plusieurs problèmes d'estimation de paramètre de dimension finie pour les séquences de Markov dans l'asymptotique des grands échantillons. Le comportement asymptotique des estimateurs bayésiens et les estimateurs obtenus par la méthode des moments sont décrits. Nous montrons que sous les conditions de régularité ces estimateurs sont consistants et asymptotiquement normaux et que l'estimateur bayésien est asymptotiquement efficace. Les estimateur-processus du maximum de vraisemblance un-pas et deux-pas sont étudiés. Ces estimateurs nous permettent de construire des estimateurs asymptotiquement efficaces sur la base de certainsestimateurs préliminaires, par exemple, les estimateurs obtenus par la méthode des moments ou l'estimateur deBayes et la structure de l'estimateur du maximum de vraisemblance un-pas. Nous proposons notamment des processus autorégressifs non linéaires comme exemple et nous illustrons les propriétés de ces estimateurs à l'aide de simulations numériques. Dans la deuxième partie, nous donnons les applications de processus de Markov en économie de la santé. Nous comparons les modèles de Markov homogènes et non-homogènes pour l'analyse coût-efficacité de l'utilisation depansements transparents contenant un gel de gluconate de chlorhexidine par rapport aux pansements transparents standard. Le pansement antimicrobien protège les accès vasculaire centrale et réduit le risque de bactériémies liées aux cathéters. L'impact de l'approche de modélisation sur la décision d'adopter des pansements antimicrobiens pour les patients gravement malades est discutéIn the first part of this dissertation we consider several problems of finite-dimensional parameter estimation for Markov sequences in the asymptotics of large samples. The asymptotic behavior of the Bayesian estimators and the estimators of the method of moments are described. It is shown that under regularity conditions these estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal. We show that the Bayesian estimator is asymptotically efficient. The one-step and two-step maximum likelihood estimator-processes are studied. These estimators allow us to construct the asymptotically efficient estimators based on some preliminary estimators, say, the estimators of the method of moments or Bayes estimator and the one-step maximum likelihood estimator structure. We propose particular non-linear autoregressive processes as examples and we illustrate the properties of these estimators with the help of numerical simulations. In the second part we give theapplications of Markov processes in health economics. We compare homogeneous and non-homogeneous Markov models for cost-effectiveness analysis of routine use of transparent dressings containing a chlorhexidine gluconate gel pad versus standard transparent dressings. The antimicrobial dressing protects central vascular accesses reducing the risk of catheter-related bloodstream infections. The impact of the modeling approach on the decision of adopting antimicrobialdressings for critically-ill patients is discussed
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Munasib, Abdul B. A. "Lifecycle of social networks: A dynamic analysis of social capital accumulation." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1121441394.
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Gifra, Bassó Ester. "Desarrollo de un modelo para el seguimiento y control económico y temporal durante la fase de ejecución en la obra pública. Integration of information for advanced detection of cost overruns-IMADO." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/550975.
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The primary objective of this research is to modify the models regularly used to record and monitor the implementation costs of public works projects from the perspective of the promotor, the project directors or the project managers. This is done with a structure similar to the traditional system of meticulously recording project costs to obtain additional trustworthy and accurate information about current and future economic deviations that may occur during project implementation and about the probable liquidation and closing horizon of the project. That is possible if the economic information generated during the project implementation, which current cost control models do not incorporate until its implementation is certified, are incorporated into the structures of existing models for the control and monitoring of implementation costs.
The sub-objectives of this research include applying this new technology and the new model to improve permanent control of the amount of economic deviations sustained during project implementation, identify the causes of deviation, graphically and analytically represent the economic behaviour, comply with the deadline for implementing the project and incorporate dashboards into periodical project reportsEl principal objectiu d'aquesta investigació és modificar els models que s'utilitzen habitualment per registrar i monitoritzar els costos durant el procés d'execució d'obra des de la perspectiva del promotor públic, de la direcció facultativa o la dels gestors del projecte, a fi que amb una estructura de registre similar i respectuosa amb la informació que s'obté del tradicional sistema de registre de control de costos d'obra, sigui possible obtenir addicionalment informació fiable i veraç sobre les desviacions econòmiques presents i futures que poden esdevenir durant l'execució, així com sobre l'horitzó probable de liquidació i tancament de l'obra, d'acord amb la informació disponible. Això és possible si s’incorpora a les estructures dels models actuals de control i seguiment de costos d'execució, la informació d'índole econòmic que es genera durant el procés de realització de l'obra i que no contemplen els actuals models de control de costos fins al moment concret de l'acreditació de la seva execució a obra. Paral·lelament, aquesta investigació es marca com subobjectius la possibilitat de millorar, mitjançant la proposta d'aquesta nova metodologia i l'aplicació del nou model, el control permanent del volum total de les desviacions econòmiques que suporta l'execució d'obra, la possibilitat d'assignació de causes de desviació, la representació gràfica i analítica del comportament econòmic i de compliment de termini de l'execució d'obra, així com la incorporació de quadres de comandament als informes periòdics d'obra
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Park, Yongha. "Studies in Airline and Aviation Efficiency." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu149261466159752.
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Oncul, Mustafa. "Cost Estimation Of Housing Projects By Functional Areas." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607083/index.pdf.
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Good conceptual cost estimates is one of the most important factors affecting the project success. Investment decisions taken and budget preparations are performed from the results of the conceptual estimates. Also, the most difficult cost estimation is the early estimates where there is very limited information.
This thesis provides a model for the cost estimation of the housing projects at the conceptual stage, considering not only the total area of the construction, but also considering fractional areas, as kitchen area, bathroom area, living room area and etc. Moreover, model outputs a range of costs considering quality of the construction instead of a point estimate which allows investors to see the possible costs of the project by their choice of luxury.
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Holmes, Jonathan Frank. "Designing a cost estimation method for the design of prototype systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43718.
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There are unique cases when designing products where a prototype is required to demonstrate critical operations of a system or subsystem such that it will serve as a basis for how the design will move forward. These prototypes are oftentimes on the critical design path. Due to the fact there is typically some aspect of a prototype that is not well understood there can be a considerable amount of uncertainty associated with the amount of resources needed to design such a prototype. The goal of this thesis is to address how to systematically reduce uncertainty for the purpose of creating a robust cost estimate. This statement does highlight the problem of defining what a robust estimate is, which results in addressing the key question driving this research: "When is enough information gathered to generate a robust estimate for the design of prototype systems?"
The crux of the problem lies in how to characterize the interactions and uncertainty associated with cost, schedule, and performance. Additionally, the breakdown of a prototype system into its subsystems results in errors exist at each division. The result is a cost estimation method that has been generated by leveraging the principles of design methodology. Two test cases are applied including one theoretical model, and one project from the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI). The GTRI project was work performed for the Georgia Department of Transportation related to the filling of cracks on asphalt road surfaces. These examples are evaluated from the view point of the Validation Square in order to verify the effectiveness beyond example problems.
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Lucas, Matthew Allen. "Development of a right-of-way cost estimation and cost estimate management process framework for highway projects." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2476.
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Eaglesham, Mark Alan. "A Decision Support System for Advanced Composites Manufacturing Cost Estimation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30430.
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The increased use of advanced composites in aerospace manufacturing has led to the
development of new production processes and technology. The implementation of
advanced composites manufacturing technology is poorly served by traditional cost
accounting methods, which distort costs by using inappropriate volume-based
allocations of overhead. Activity-based costing has emerged as a methodology which
provides more accurate allocation of costs to products or activities by their usage of
company resources. Better designs may also be produced if designers could evaluate
the cost implications of their choices early in the design process. This research
describes a methodology whereby companies can improve product cost estimation at
the conceptual design phase, using intelligent searching and arrangement of existing
accounting data to enable designers to access the activity cost information more
readily. The concept has considerable scope for application in industry because it will
allow companies to make better use of information that is already being recorded in
their information systems, by providing it in a form which will enable designers to make
better informed decisions during the design process. The design decision support
framework is illustrated by applying it to a typical problem in aerospace composites
manufacturing. Feasibility of the approach is demonstrated using a prototype software
model of the Design Decision Support System, implemented using commercially
available software.Ph. D.
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Gavin, Victor S. "Evaluation of cost estimating methods for military software application in a COTS environment." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02232010-020031/.
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Odendaal, M. M. "The estimation and management of cost over the life cycle of metallurgical research projects." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10262009-134111.
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Qian, Li. "Web-based cost estimation and supplier selection based on parametric cost estimation /." Search for this dissertation online, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.
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Miller, Adam J. "Methodology for Cost Estimation of Systems at a Preliminary Stage of Design." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1344259852.
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Adetunji, Hamed Ademola. "A study of costs and cost-effectiveness estimation of hepatitis B immunisation in Nigeria." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312999.
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Lai, Mei Teng. "Airline operating cost estimation." Thesis, University of Macau, 2008. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1950305.
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Tunc, Mehmet. "Computerized Cost Estimation For Forging Industry." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/4/1060193/index.pdf.
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In today’
s life, companies are faced with the problem of providing quality goods and services at competitive prices. Cost estimation is a very important process for a forging company, as each time a quote is sent to a customer, the company earns or loses money depending on the results of the particular estimate. However, determining pricing for customer quotes is a matter of time consuming, detailed number of tasks repeated each time. Cost estimation software might do those tedious calculations and assist the estimator step by step to reach to a cost estimate in relatively short time. In this study, an interactive cost estimation software named Forge Cost Estimator, which performs the early cost estimation for forgings, has been developed. The program is aimed to be used by the cost estimators in hot forging companies. The software has various databases, which include material, forging and machining equipment data. The cost items defined in the forging work breakdown structure can be estimated by using different modules of the software and summed up in an additive structure by using the bottom-up costestimation method. For calculating the forge volume quicker and easier, a new volume estimation system named Easy-Volume, which is based on the volume fragmentation method, is proposed. The software can also guide the user in selecting the convenient forging production line. The software is written in MS Visual Basic 6.0. The developed program has been tested in a forging company and satisfactory cost estimations for several forgings have been achieved.
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Hellquist, Oskar. "Switching costs on the electricity retail market : An empirical estimate on Swedish consumers." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik, konst och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85178.
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Switching costs are unobserved costs for the consumer when switching between two functionally identical products or services. These costs can take both monetary and non- monetary values, which makes them hard to estimate. The purpose of this study is to empirically estimate switching costs on the Swedish market for electricity for private consumers, and also review two methods to identify which one more suitable for the purpose. Shy’s (2002) method uses prices and market shares to estimate the costs, and Salies’ (2012) method is an extension of Shy’s method, that lifts two major limitations. Electricity providers with over 1 percent market share have been included. For each provider, prices for the three most used contract types have been gathered and used in the estimation. Prices have been limited to households with energy usage of 2 000 kWh per year. Switching costs have been estimated to between 50 – 95 percent of the yearly costs for electricity. The switching costs are higher when switching from a big firm to a smaller, than the other way around. This could indicate that customers become involuntarily locked-in to bigger firms because of the switching costs, giving bigger firms stronger market positions.
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SUN, LIAOMING. "ESTIMATING THE UNINSURED COSTS OF WORK-RELATED ACCIDENTS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1116262472.
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Shetelig, Haakon. "Shipbuilding Cost Estimation : Parametric Approach." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for marin teknikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-22360.
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A continuously increasing global competition in the ship building industry leads to decreasing margins and an increased cost pressure for Norwegian shipbuilders. The Norwegian ship designers and shipbuilders are known throughout the world for delivering complex vessel with high quality, on time. Shipowners have so far been willing to pay the price for Norwegian offshore support vessels. However, high quality products will at some point be outcompeted by less expensive solutions.An effective cost estimation framework can contribute to a competitive advantage. This thesis presents a methodology for developing a cost estimation framework to identify, investigate and evaluate the importance and behavior of cost drivers in offshore shipbuilding. The outcome of the method is cost estimating relationships (CER) that express the relative consequences on the total cost due to relative changes of high level performance requirements. These CERs is called relative change-CERs. A relative change-CER could for example express the relative consequence on the total cost due to a 5 % increase of the installed engine power.The method can be characterized as a parametric top-down cost estimation approach. By using historical cost data and specifications for a population of vessels of a certain ship type, it is possible to find relationships between important performance parameters and costs. With regression techniques, CERs expressing unit costs per cost driving parameter for different technological groups of the vessel can be found. By using these unit cost-CERs on already existing vessels and then theoretically change the ship?s performance parameters, one will see the theoretical consequence on the total cost. By changing a chosen cost driving parameter with different intervals for several vessels, the average relative consequences on the total cost is found for that ship type. The relative change-CERs can be utilized differently by actors in the shipbuilding industry. One area of application is in the negotiation process with a potential customer where features like ship specifications and change orders are discussed. The relative change-CERs contribute to leverage for the yard personnel?s arguments, and reduce the response time for rebids and tender requests.Another area of application for the relative change-CERs is for gaining insight of the behavior of important cost drivers in offshore ship building. With a set of unit cost curves and relative change-CERs, it is possible to identify how the different parts of the ship are affected by a relative change in certain ship parameters. This information can be used to rank the different ship parameters according to their importance and relative influence on the total ship building cost.
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Peters, Norman L. "Parametric cost estimation for amphibious assault vehicle's life cycle cost." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26684.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThis thesis investigates the need to predict life cycle cost in the most effective and efficient manner through the development of cost estimating relationships (CERs) using only performance input parameters. Utilizing statistical software especially designed for program managers, parametric cost estimating relationship module (PACER), CERs were developed and then evaluated for statistical soundness. The object of this study was to develop a means by which the program manager could estimate fairly accurately total life cycle costs. With this information in hand, the program manager could determine of a weapons system is affordable early in the acquisition process. The result of this study was the derivation of three predictive models that relate cost to required performance parameters. Based solely upon performance requirements, a relationship between cost and performance was established and their impact upon life cycle costs.
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Zhai, Yun. "Early cost estimation for additive manufacture." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7856.
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Additive Manufacture (AM) is a novel manufacturing method; it is a process of forming components by adding materials. Owing to material saving and manufacturing cost saving, more and more research has been focused on metal AM technologies. WAAM is one AM technology, using arc as the heat sources and wire as the material to create parts with weld beads on a layer-by-layer basis. The process can produce components in a wide range of materials, including aluminum, titanium and steel. High deposition rate, material saving and elimination of tooling cost are critical characteristics of the process.
Cost estimation is important for all companies. The estimated results can be used as a datum to create a quote for customers or evaluate a quote from suppliers, an important consideration for the application of WAAM is its cost effectiveness compared with traditional manufacture methods. The aim of this research is to find a way to develop a cost estimating method capable of providing manufacturing cost comparison of WAAM with CNC. A cost estimation model for CNC machining has been developed. A process planning approach for WAAM was also defined as part of this research. An Excel calculation spreadsheet was also built and it can be easily used to estimate and compare manufacture cost of WAAM with CNC.
Using the method developed in this research, the cost driver analysis of WAAM has been made. The result shows that reduced material cost is the biggest cost driver in WAAM. The cost comparison of WAAM and CNC also has been made and the results show that with the increase of buy-to-fly ratio WAAM is more economical than CNC machining.
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Strike, Kevin D. "Software cost estimation with incomplete data." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq64461.pdf.
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Letchmunan, Sukumar. "Pragmatic cost estimation for web applications." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2012. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20478.
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Cost estimation for web applications is an interesting and difficult challenge for researchers and industrial practitioners. It is a particularly valuable area of ongoing commercial research. Attaining on accurate cost estimation for web applications is an essential element in being able to provide competitive bids and remaining successful in the market. The development of prediction techniques over thirty years ago has contributed to several different strategies. Unfortunately there is no collective evidence to give substantial advice or guidance for industrial practitioners. Therefore to address this problem, this thesis shows the way by investigating the characteristics of the dataset by combining the literature review and industrial survey findings. The results of the systematic literature review, industrial survey and an initial investigation, have led to an understanding that dataset characteristics may influence the cost estimation prediction techniques. From this, an inv estigation was carried out on dataset characteristics. However, in the attempt to structure the characteristics of dataset it was found not to be practical or easy to get a defined structure of dataset characteristics to use as a basis for prediction model selection. Therefore the thesis develops a pragmatic cost estimation strategy based on collected advice and general sound practice in cost estimation. The strategy is composed of the following five steps: test whether the predictions are better than the means of the dataset; test the predictions using accuracy measures such as MMRE, Pred and MAE knowing their strengths and weaknesses; investigate the prediction models formed to see if they are sensible and reasonable model; perform significance testing on the predictions; and get the effect size to establish preference relations of prediction models. The results from this pragmatic cost estimation strategy give not only advice on several techniques to choose from, but also give reliable results. Practitioners can be more confident about the estimation that is given by following this pragmatic cost estimation strategy. It can be concluded that the practitioners should focus on the best strategy to apply in cost estimation rather than focusing on the best techniques. Therefore, this pragmatic cost estimation strategy could help researchers and practitioners to get reliable results. The improvement and replication of this strategy over time will produce much more useful and trusted results.
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Liu, Kevin K. (Kevin Kaitan) 1986. "Cost estimation of human systems integration." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59776.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-108).
Human Systems Integration (HSI) is the interdisciplinary technical and management processes for integrating human considerations within and across all system elements. The goal of this research is to develop a better understanding of how the costs of doing HSI work within a program can be estimated. The research is divided into two parts. In the first part, problem formulation, literature from several relevant domains is first reviewed. Next a descriptive case study is conducted on the development of the Pratt and Whitney F 119 engine. It examines activities done to support HSI up to engineering and manufacturing development and concludes that, among other factors, HSI in requirements are a major driver of effort. This conclusion leads to work on the integration of HSI into the counting of requirements for an existing systems engineering cost model. In the second part of the research, implementation and validation, two workshops are conducted to assess how HSI considerations are addressed in real-world requirements engineering. The first workshop tests existing requirements counting guidelines, identifies weakness, and suggests improvement. The second workshop applies the Wideband Delphi method to generate consensus between stakeholders in order to deliver a quantitative estimate of HSI effort. The workshop also demonstrates that stakeholders perceive functional and nonfunctional requirements as driving effort in similar ways, a conclusion that challenges a widely-held belief that nonfunctional requirements are less significant than functional ones. The research done in the case study and workshops results in improvements to the existing systems engineering cost model, and an application of the model is presented. Policy considerations are discussed. The integration of the HSI into the model represents a significant step toward being better able to plan HSI effort in acquisition programs.
by Kevin K. Liu.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
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Rankin, John C. "Development of Cost Estimation Equations for Forging." Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1129661983.
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Phaobunjong, Kan. "Parametric cost estimating model for conceptual cost estimating of building construction projects." Thesis, Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3086790.
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何民權 and Man-kuen Alexander Ho. "Budget control: communication problems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31266046.
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Ho, Man-kuen Alexander. "Budget control : communication problems /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13787925.
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Schneider, Gary David. "A requirements specification software cost estimation tool." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9952.
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Nord, Erika. "Cost estimation of wind farms' internal grids." Thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-47831.
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When establishing new wind farms there are a lot of different stakeholders that have different demands and ambitions.The local grid in a wind farm constitutes of about 10% of the total investment cost and therefore it is of importance that it is optimized both regarding losses and costs. In a wind farm project a system analysis is ordered thatsummarizes information such as cable layout, electric data and losses. A drawback is that this analysis is given in a later part of the project, when most decisions already have been made due to permits. If the analysis shows that there are unnecessarily high losses in the system it can be too late to make changes.The aim of this Master’s thesis project is to develop a method that makes the essential calculations so that an estimation of losses and its costs together with the investment costs can be made at an early stage. The first part of the thesis consisted of developing a program using this method with the requests above to, in the next stage, compare the results the method acquires with a reference system analysis of an existing wind farm. From this comparison conclusions were made whether the method is usable and in which ways it resembles and differs from the more advanced method used in a program today.The results show that the method makes a good estimation of losses. Deviations between the developed method and the reference analysis are due to that different approaches are made when calculating certain losses and also the depth of the calculations. Furthermore there is no description of how precise the calculations in the reference report were made so approximations can be a source of error.The conclusion is that this method can be used to get an early estimation of the losses and the corresponding costs of the local grid.
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Smith, Matthew B. Lieutenant junior grade. "Updating MIT's cost estimation model for shipbuilding." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44876.
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Thesis (S.M. in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008."LTJG Matthew B. Smith, USCG."
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 82).
This thesis project will update the MIT ship cost estimation model by combining the two existing models (the Basic Military Training School (BMTS) Cost Model and the MIT Math Model) in order to develop a program that can accurately determine both a ship's acquisition cost as well as its life cycle cost. Using United States Coast Guard resources, this project will also address various aspects of the ship design process which have a direct effect on the cost of building a ship. This will include, but not be limited to, the cost estimation process, determining which design decisions have the biggest impact on the ship's total cost, common pitfalls in the design process that lead to increases in cost, and lessons learned that have helped minimize the cost of a ship.
by Matthew B. Smith.
S.M.in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering
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Groseclose, Adam R. "Estimation of Forging Die Wear and Cost." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1277993083.
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Alabi, Bimpe Omolara. "Effect of building materials cost on housing delivery towards sustainability." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2635.
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Thesis (MTech (Construction Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.The study investigates the predominant factors responsible for increase in the cost of building materials and the effect of this cost increase on housing delivery in Western Cape, South Africa. Sustainable housing is buildings produced to meet the present housing needs of people without conceding the ability of the future generation to meet their future needs. However, a significant increase in the cost of building materials has been a major constraint to the delivery of sustainable housings, as made evident in the literature, leading to project cost and time overruns or even project abandonment. However, building materials consume up to 65% of the total cost of construction. This factor on cost has, over the years, threatened the ability of the construction industry to deliver projects within budgeted cost, at stipulated time, and at satisfactory quality. This prompted the need to proffer solutions to these factors identified which are causing increases in the cost of building materials towards sustainable housing delivery in Western Cape. Based on this research study, housing is termed to be sustainable when it is available and affordable for the masses timely and at quality expected. The research study adopted a mixed methodological approach, involving the use of semi-structured qualitative interviews and closed-ended quantitative questionnaires administered to construction stakeholders (architects, quantity surveyors, engineers, construction managers, project managers, site supervisors and material suppliers) in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. SPSS version 24 software was used for analysing the quantitative data collected and ‘content analysis’ method was used to analyse the information collected through the qualitative interviews. The findings revealed that the major factors responsible for increasing the cost of building materials are inflation, wastages of building materials by labourers, cost of transportation and distribution of labour, design changes, client contribution to design change and change in government policies and regulation. Moreover, the research showed that fluctuation in the cost of construction and high maintenance costs due to poor workmanship also impact the cost increase of building materials for housing delivery. In addition, research findings affirmed that for optimum materials usage for the enhancement of sustainable construction, the following criteria should be considered in the selection of building materials: maintenance cost, energy consumption and maintainability. The adoption of these findings by construction stakeholders in the South African construction industry would enhance the delivery of affordable housing at reduced cost, at the required time and at the expected quality. Therefore, an adequate implementation of the framework presented in this study will enhance sustainable housing delivery.
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Ahiaga-Dagbui, Dominic Doe. "Rethinking construction cost overruns : an artificial neural network approach to construction cost estimation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10454.
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The main concern of a construction client is to procure a facility that is able to meet its functional requirements, of the required quality, and delivered within an acceptable budget and timeframe. The cost aspect of these key performance indicators usually ranks highest. In spite of the importance of cost estimation, it is undeniably neither simple nor straightforward because of the lack of information in the early stages of the project. Construction projects therefore have routinely overrun their estimates. Cost overrun has been attributed to a number of sources including technical error in design, managerial incompetence, risk and uncertainty, suspicions of foul play and even corruption. Furthermore, even though it is accepted that factors such as tendering method, location of project, procurement method or size of project have an effect on likely final cost of a project, it is difficult to establish their measured financial impact. Estimators thus have to rely largely on experience and intuition when preparing initial estimates, often neglecting most of these factors in the final cost build-up. The decision-to-build for most projects is therefore largely based on unrealistic estimates that would inevitably be exceeded. The main aim of this research is to re-examine the sources of cost overrun on construction projects and to develop final cost estimation models that could help in reaching more reliable final cost estimates at the tendering stage of the project. The research identified two predominant schools of thought on the sources of overruns – referred to here as the PsychoStrategists and Evolution Theorists. Another finding was that there is no unanimity on the reference point from which cost performance could be assessed, leading to a large disparity in the size of overruns reported. Another misunderstanding relates to the term “cost overrun” itself. The experimental part of the research, conducted in collaboration with two industry partners, used a combination of non-parametric bootstrapping and ensemble modelling with artificial neural networks to develop final project cost models based on about 1,600 water infrastructure projects. 92% of the validation predictions were within ±10% of the actual final cost of the project. The models will be particularly useful at the pre-contract stage as they will provide a benchmark for evaluating submitted tenders and also allow the quick generation of various alternative solutions for a construction project using what-if scenarios. The original contribution of the study is a fresh thinking of construction “cost overruns”, now proposed to be more appropriately known as “cost growth” based on a synthesises of the two schools of thought into a conceptual model. The second contribution is the development of novel models of construction cost estimation utilising artificial neural networks coupled with bootstrapping and ensemble modelling.
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Hills, Allison. "Life Cycle Cost Estimate of LSD(X)." Thesis, Monterey, California, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7358.
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This thesis develops a model that provides a credible and reliable rough order magnitude (ROM) Life Cycle Cost Estimate (LCCE) for a newly constructed U. S. Navy Dock Landing Ship, LSD(X), over the various phases of design, procurement, and operations and support costs. The Systems Engineering Analysis (SEA) Curriculum at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) will use this estimate to help establish the costs of the proposed alternatives for LSD(X). This study also includes a cost benefit analysis through the comparison of LSD(X) to an alternative variant LSD(XB). The comparison examines how the baseline ROM LCCE of LSD(X) is affected by changes in technical parameters such as beam, number of LCACs, troop size, crew size and cargo capacity. Ultimately, this thesis provides a useful tool to aid decision makers in selecting the most cost effective alternative for the LSD(X) fleet for the expected 30 year operational period.
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Duma, David Paul. "A cost estimation model for Commander Naval Air Forces Pacific's TACAIR F/A-18S Aviation Depot Level repair costs." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA401314.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 2001.2001."December 2001." Thesis Advisor(s): Jones, Lawrence R. Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-48). Also available online.
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Lock, Jeffrey S. Weber John B. "Cost analysis for the development and operation of a mobile wireless research facility /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Mar%5FLock%FMBA.pdf.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2004.Thesis advisor(s): Brian D. Steckler, George W. Thomas, Juliette A. Webb. "MBA professional report"--Cover. Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-98). Also available online.
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Chu, Xiaoyuan. "Improving Estimation Accuracy using Better Similarity Distance in Analogy-based Software Cost Estimation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-246116.
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Software cost estimation nowadays plays a more and more important role in practical projects since modern software projects become more and more complex as well as diverse. To help estimate software development cost accurately, this research does a systematic analysis of the similarity distances in analogy-based software cost estimation and based on this, a new non-orthogonal space distance (NoSD) is proposed as a measure of the similarities between real software projects. Different from currently adopted measures like the Euclidean distance and so on, this non-orthogonal space distance not only considers the different features to have different importance for cost estimation, but also assumes project features to have a non-orthogonal dependent relationship which is considered independent to each other in Euclidean distance. Based on such assumptions, NoSD method describes the non-orthogonal angles between feature axes using feature redundancy and it represents the feature weights using feature relevance, where both redundancy and relevance are defined in terms of mutual information. It can better reveal the real dependency relationships between real life software projects based on this non-orthogonal space distance. Also experiments show that it brings a greatest of 13.1% decrease of MMRE and a 12.5% increase of PRED(0.25) on ISBSG R8 dataset, and 7.5% and 20.5% respectively on the Desharnais dataset. Furthermore, to make it better fit the complex data distribution of real life software projects data, this research leverages the particle swarm optimization algorithm for an optimization of the proposed non-orthogonal space distance and proposes a PSO optimized non-orthogonal space distance (PsoNoSD). It brings further improvement in the estimation accuracy. As shown in experiments, compared with the normally used Euclidean distance, PsoNoSD improves the estimation accuracy by 38.73% and 11.59% in terms of MMRE and PRED(0.25) on ISBSG R8 dataset. On the Desharnais dataset, the improvements are 23.38% and 24.94% respectively. In summary, the new methods proposed in this research, which are based on theoretical study as well as systematic experiments, have solved some problems of currently used techniques and they show a great ability of notably improving the software cost estimation accuracy.
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Rehman, S. "Knowledge-based cost modelling for innovative design." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3971.
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The contribution to new knowledge from this research is a novel method for modelling
production costs throughout the design phase of a product's lifecycle, from conceptual
to detail design.
The provision of cost data throughout the design phase allows management to make
more accurate bid estimates and encourages designers to design to cost, leading to a
reduction in the amount of design rework and product's time to market. The cost
modelling strategy adopted incorporates the use of knowledge-based and case-based
approaches.
Cost estimation is automated by linking design knowledge, required for predicting
design features from incomplete design descriptions, to production knowledge. The
link between the different paradigms is achieved through the blackboard framework of
problem solving which incorporates both case-baseda nd rule-based reasoning.
The method described is aimed at innovative design activities in which original designs
are produced which are similar to some extent to past design solutions. The method is
validated through a prototyping approach. Tests conducted on the prototype confirm
that the designed method models costs sufficiently accurately within the range of its
own knowledge base. It can therefore be inferred that the designed cost modelling
methodology sets out a feasible approach to cost estimation throughout the design
phase.
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Hosseini-Nasab, Hasan. "The early cost estimation of injection moulded components." Thesis, University of Bath, 2002. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250821.
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Klumpp, Joseph J. "Parametric cost estimation applied to composite helicopter airframes." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA280967.
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Wade, James C. "Summary of 1990 Estimated Cost of Growing Alfalfa." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201020.
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Saravi, Mohammad Ebrahimzadeh. "Improving cost estimation accuracy through quality improvement techniques." Thesis, University of Bath, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520948.
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Bradley, Cecil D. "A statistical analysis of Surface Escort cost estimation/." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23407.
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This study investigates the relationship of the component weights of US Navy Surface Escort Ships and their corresponding costs of construction. The procedures of various US Navy agencies who conduct Surface Ship Costing are described, with emphasis upon the method followed by COMNAVSEASYSCOM, Washington D.C.. A statistical analysis is provided which focuses upon multiple linear regression techniques applied to the weight/cost relationship. Additionally, the research includes the investigation of non-weight explanatory variable contribution to the various regression models. The analysis concludes that linear relationships do exist between the variables. The statistical evidence provided suggests that linear regression provides equivalent results to non-linear logarithmic transformation of the dependent cost variable. Further, the analysis indicates that the inclusion of non-weight dummy variables, such as contract type for vessel construction, enhance models with strictly weight explanatory variables. The models developed herein lack the precision demanded of budgetary cost estimating. However, the equations will generate point estimates that may add credence to existing methods, especially within concept formulation or tradeoff studies. Keywords: Cost estimation, Surface ship cost estimation, Statistical analysis of ship costing, Theses. (SDW)