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Journal articles on the topic 'Cost factor'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kim, Yong Mi, and Jinbae Kim. "Employee Adjustment Costs and Asymmetric Cost Behavior." Academic Society of Global Business Administration 19, no. 6 (2022): 272–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.38115/asgba.2022.19.6.272.

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The managerial accounting literature suggests that adjustment costs lead to asymmetric cost behavior. Previous studies show that labor adjustment costs are the significant factor that drives asymmetric cost behavior. However, empirical proxies for labor adjustments costs have several limitations. This study suggests that CEO-to-worker pay disparity and the labor share as a new proxy for labor adjustment costs and substantiates that labor adjustment costs play a significant role in determining asymmetric cost behavior. Our proxies for adjustment costs represent the effectiveness of labor cost m

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2

Wedlund, P. J., and J. de Leon. "Pharmacogenomic testing: the cost factor." Pharmacogenomics Journal 1, no. 3 (2001): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.tpj.6500033.

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3

AGRAWAL, A. "Tissue Expansion: Its Cost Factor." Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 118, no. 9 (1992): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1992.01880090119031.

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4

Majumdar, Mukul, and Priya Mukherjee. "Turning the Wheels: The Cost Factor." Studies in Microeconomics 1, no. 1 (2013): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321022213488848.

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5

Festman, Julia. "The complexity-cost factor in bilingualism." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36, no. 4 (2013): 355–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x12002579.

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AbstractLanguage processing changes with the knowledge and use of two languages. The advantage of being bilingual comes at the expense of increased processing demands and processing costs. I suggest considering bilingual complexity including these demands and costs. The proposed model claims effortless monolingual processing. By integrating individual and situational variability, the model would lose its idealistic touch, even for monolinguals.

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6

Bergson, Abram. "Must Soviet Factor Cost Be Adjusted?" Comparative Economic Studies 33, no. 4 (1991): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ces.1991.34.

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7

van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, Bruno, and Didier François. "The Cost Factor in Patent Systems." Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade 9, no. 4 (2008): 329–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10842-008-0033-2.

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8

Xia, Li Ming, Kun Lin Song, and Zhi Qiang Deng. "Based on Factor Analysis of Building Influencing Factors System of the Highway Construction Project's Cost." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 2603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.2603.

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Building of highway construction projects cost influencing factors system is the key to cost controlling. This paper analyses actual division of the projects cost about section two of coastal avenue north and coastal avenue south extension and Nan gang highway, and draws out the cost of primary and secondary influencing factors. Besides, based on factor analysis this paper establishes influencing factors system of highway construction projects cost, and provides reference for cost control.

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9

Sufyan, Salim Mahmood Al-Dabbagh, Ghanim Sulaiman Alyaa, Fakhri Taha Al Shaikhli Imad, Abdulkareem Al-Enezi Khalid, and Yousef Alenezi Abdulrahman. "Improving the Cost Factor of DLBCA Lightweight Block Cipher Algorithm." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 10, no. 2 (2018): 786–91. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i2.pp786-791.

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The needing to secure information in restricted environments is very important so that lightweight block cipher algorithm is suitable for these environments. This paper improved DLBCA algorithm by decreasing the cost factor through using the less number of S-boxes. Also, differential and boomerang attacks have been applied in this paper. Finally, all the results have been presented.

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10

Christensen, John, and Joel S. Demski. "Factor Choice Distortion under Cost-Based Reimbursement." Journal of Management Accounting Research 15, no. 1 (2003): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar.2003.15.1.145.

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We study a setting in which a firm faces commercial and cost-reimbursed products, and, following Rogerson (1992), examine the factor choice distortions that are induced by the cost-based reimbursement arrangement. The firm's technology is separable, which allows us to rationalize fully an ABC procedure (given constant returns to scale) and also allows us to document whether the distortions occur in the direct or indirect subcost functions. The location and magnitude of the distortions depend on the precise costing procedure, but the preference for an ABC versus traditional procedure is far mor

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BABU, T. K. M., and TAK WING WONG. "Novel low-cost electronic power-factor meter." International Journal of Electronics 67, no. 1 (1989): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207218908921064.

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12

Lu, Jie, and Guangquan Zhang. "Cost benefit factor analysis in e‐services." International Journal of Service Industry Management 14, no. 5 (2003): 570–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09564230310500237.

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13

Wood, C., and P. Hodges. "DASD trends: cost, performance, and form factor." Proceedings of the IEEE 81, no. 4 (1993): 573–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.219342.

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14

Chambers, Robert G., and John Quiggin. "Cost minimization and the stochastic discount factor." Annals of Operations Research 176, no. 1 (2008): 349–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-008-0469-0.

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15

Ray, Korok, and Jacob Gramlich. "Reconciling Full-Cost and Marginal-Cost Pricing." Journal of Management Accounting Research 28, no. 1 (2015): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar-51285.

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ABSTRACT Despite the clear prescription from economic theory that a firm should set price based only on variable costs, firms routinely factor fixed costs into pricing decisions. We show that full-cost pricing (FCP) can achieve the optimal price. FCP marks up variable cost with the contribution margin per unit, which, in equilibrium, includes the fixed cost. FCP converges to the optimal price when the firm can estimate its equilibrium income. We compare FCP to alternative pricing algorithms that require less information, but converge to optimal price under more narrow conditions than FCP.

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16

Venkata, Sasidhar (Sasi) Kanumuri. "Unveiling the 6-factor FinOps Formula™: Definitive Guide to Scaling Cloud FinOps." Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 10, no. 12 (2023): 187–91. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11574762.

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Cloud FinOps is a pivotal discipline amalgamating financial principles and DevOps practices to optimize cloud cost management. This article delves into the foundational aspects of Cloud FinOps, introducing the 6-factor FinOps Formula™ and elucidating its significance in scaling from startups to enterprises. As a comprehensive framework for efficient cloud cost management, Cloud FinOps fosters a culture of cost awareness, accountability, and collaboration between finance, procurement, and engineering. By implementing Cloud FinOps, organizations can achieve enhanced visibility, control, an

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17

Yetta Pandi, Liliana, Bintoro Aji, and Judi Pramono. "Studi Faktor Biaya untuk Dekontaminasi Tapak dan Lingkungan Fasilitas Nuklir." Jurnal Pengawasan Tenaga Nuklir 3, no. 1 (2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.53862/jupeten.v3i1.001.

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It's common knowledge that in the event of an accident or security incident at a nuclear installation or radiation facility with high radiology, the site, and environment will be contaminated. This contamination necessitates a clean-up and restoration of the site, which can be costly. This study examines the estimated cost factors that go into site and environmental clean-up, including expenses related to handling contamination, health care costs due to radiation exposure, and secondary or indirect costs. Additionally, the study looks at the social and trust impacts of such incidents. The goal

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18

Cavallo, A. J. "Wind Tubine Cost of Electricity and Capacity Factor." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 119, no. 4 (1997): 312–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888038.

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Wind turbines are currently designed to minimize the cost of electricity at the wind turbine (the busbar cost) in a given wind regime, ignoring constraints on the capacity factor (the ratio of the average power output to the maximum power output). The trade-off between these two quantities can be examined in a straightforward fashion; it is found that the capacity factor can be increased by a factor of 30 percent above its value at the cost minimum for a ten percent increase in the busbar cost of electricity. This has important implications for the large-scale integration of wind electricity o

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19

Mihir, S. Lakdawala* Bhavin K. Kashiyani Vyom B. Pathak. "COST INFLUENCING FACTOR IN ESTIMATING AT PLANNING STAGE." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 5 (2016): 346–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.51436.

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The objective of this study is to determine the critical cost influencing factors of building construction projects. The importance of accurate estimates during the early stages of capital projects has been widely recognized for many years. Early project estimates represent a key ingredient in business unit decisions and often become the basis for a project’s ultimate funding. Identification of cost-determinant variables and evaluation of their degree of influence play an essential role in construction building. The objective of this research is to extract the key cost-influencing factor

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20

Isfahani, Muhammad Nafhan, Eri Setia Romadhon, and Muhammad Imany Romadhon. "Cost Overrun Factor of Toll Road Project Construction." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1321, no. 1 (2024): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1321/1/012025.

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Abstract Results in more than 45 studies of infrastructure projects in 20 countries that ran overestimate. For rail projects, they predict average cost increases of 45%, for fixed-line projects (tunnels and bridges), of 34%, and for highway projects, of 30%. Indonesia is one of the 20 nations on 5 continents where cost overruns are a common occurrence. Cost overruns are one of the problems faced by most construction projects in Indonesia. Unexpected budget cost overruns can create many problems in the project. Therefore, every stakeholder in the project needs to have a good understanding of fa

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21

Chen, Min, Jian Guo Chen, and Xin Xin Cheng. "Individual Cost Estimation in Construction Bidding Process Based on Cost Index." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 4652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.4652.

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Tender offer is very important to the construction enterprises in the bidding process. So how to identify the individual cost objectively and efficiently is studied in the essay. The relations of social average cost and individual cost, the factors affecting the individual cost and the difficulty in ascertaining the cost in the bidding process are analyzed. Grey RBF neural network model is built combining with the cost index to obtain the social average cost. The Analytic Hierarchy Process model is made to analyze the rate of each factor affecting the individual cost through expert system. On

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22

Laroche, Sylvie, and Angus C. Hamilton. "A cost-scale factor relationship for topographic mapping." CISM journal 43, no. 4 (1989): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/geomat-1989-0038.

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An analysis of conventional map production costs such as provided by different organizations has led to the development of a universal relationship between cost and scale factor for topographic mapping: the “Laroche-Hamilton” unit cost function. This function has been established as: Cn = Ci x EF1.4 in which Ci = Unit cost per square kilometer (currency or person-hours) for production of topographic mapping; for the 1:50 000 reference scale, Ci is $36 CDN81 Cn = unit cost per square kilometer of any larger scale EF = scale enlargement factor on a reference scale basis (e.g., if Ci is 1:50 000

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23

Fuselier, R. A. "Alternative cost-effective applications of power factor correction." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 25, no. 1 (1989): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.18862.

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24

Novoselova, I. Y., and A. L. Novoselov. "Mechanism for Factor Analysis of Oil Fields Cost." Economics, taxes & law 13, no. 4 (2020): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/1999-849x-2020-13-4-79-89.

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25

Alwisy, Aladdin, Ahmed Bouferguene, and Mohamed Al-Hussein. "Factor-based target cost modelling for construction projects." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 45, no. 5 (2018): 393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2017-0289.

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Target value design (TVD) principles set the main guidelines for the design-estimate process that allow the efficient exploration of available construction alternatives, thereby helping construction companies to reduce cost-to-design, cost-to-build, and improve the quality of construction projects. The successful application of TVD requires a clear understanding of the interactions among construction components. The proposed target cost modelling approach introduces an algorithmic factor-based framework to advance TVD that supports the design-estimate process by examining the relationships amo

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26

Dahlén, Per, and Gunnar S. Bolmsjö. "Life-cycle cost analysis of the labor factor." International Journal of Production Economics 46-47 (December 1996): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-5273(96)00089-8.

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27

潘, 东东. "Factor Analysis on the Cost of University Hospital." Statistical and Application 02, no. 04 (2013): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/sa.2013.24015.

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28

Mountain, Dean C., and Hugh Thomas. "Factor price misspecification in bank cost function estimation." Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money 9, no. 2 (1999): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1042-4431(99)00005-0.

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29

Challoumis, Constantinos. "Impact Factor of Cost Using the Sensitivity Method." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 11, no. 5 (2024): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v11i5.5713.

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This paper is a special issue about the sensibility of taxation in the cost, that is based on the Sensitivity Method. Therefore, it has been done a study for the impact factor of the tax revenues of the countries that are tax havens subject to the trustworthiness of the tax system. From the view of how much is affected the companies that participate in controlled transactions, can obtain the impact of cost, when there is not that factor with the case that exists in the analysis of transfer pricing. It determines the behavior of the tax system subject to the cost.

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30

Gu, Xungang, Gang Li, Shengli Cao, Yumeng Zhang, and Ran Wang. "Analysis of the cost factors on E-government software cost using fuzzy decision making system." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40, no. 4 (2021): 8151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-189638.

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The reasonable cost budget of the e-government scheme can effectively promote the construction of the digital government. To analyze the cost impact components of the e-government system and find out the impact factor model works in China, this paper reviews relevant literature on software cost impact factors and proposes the impact factors model based on COCOMO II. Besides, combined with the actual construction of digital government and specific cases, this paper analyzes the mechanism of each impact factor in detail. The model can be used to guide the cost estimation of e-government software

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31

Ahmed, Shehab, and Mohamed Abdelalim Ahmed. "Utilization BIM For Integrating Cost Estimation and Cost Control in Construction Projects." International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 11, no. 1 (2023): 102–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7923308.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> Cost was adapted before using manual quantity surveying by spreadsheet that estimator take the quantity from the 2D drawing and input data manually. With emerging Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. The concepts has changed then and BIM became essential ruler in all phases of construction. allows project participants to design, analyse BIM, sequence, and explore entire project model in contrast to CAD drawing, the object in BIM has also physical properties that drive object. Traditional cost methods have

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Pawan, Rathore, Naidu Garima, Agnihotri Ganga, and Khan Baseem. "ACTIVE POWER AND COST ALLOCATION IN OPEN ACCESS ENVIRONMENT UTILIZING POWER FLOW TRACING METHOD CONSIDERING N-1 CONTINGENCY CONDITION." Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ) 3, no. 2 (2014): 25–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3403490.

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The transmission usage cost allocation is one of the major issues experienced by the Electric Supply Industries. In this paper, authors have considered Line Outage Distribution Factor (LODF) for allocating the transmission usage cost allocation under contingency condition. Authors have modified the distribution factor for maximum flow and propose a novel Maximum Line Outage Distribution Factor (MLODF) which depends upon the redistribution of the generation in the line flow considering N-1 security constraints. Similarly, for transmission loss cost allocation under contingency condition Maximum

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33

Minasyan, Diana, and Sona Hovsepyan. "COST FLOW FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ISSUES." Economics, Finance and Accounting 2, no. 12 (2023): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.59503/29538009-2023.2.12-76.

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The financial measurements of the results of the influence of various factors on the cost flows can carry out with analytical methods of chain replacements or differences. However, in case of managerial decisions, it should be considered that the simultaneous influence of quantitative and qualitative factors is completely attributed to the qualitative factor. Therefore, is suggested application of integral analysis of cost flows, which introduces a clear separation between the resulting measurements of quantitative and qualitative factors. Keywords: cost analysis, expense, financial mana

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34

Jun, Chang-Joong, Jung-Hoon Lee, and In-Sook Jeon. "Research about Factor Affecting the Continuous Use of Cloud Storage Service : User Factor, System Factor, Psychological Switching Cost Factor." Journal of Society for e-Business Studies 19, no. 1 (2014): 15–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7838/jsebs.2014.19.1.015.

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35

Xia, Chun Yan. "Construction and Application of Multivariate Linear Regression Model on Road Cost." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 807–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.807.

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This paper analyzes the impact factor, combined with practical engineering experience to extract the main influencing factors, and based on research data on the major beneficial factor for statistical analysis to understand trends from the road cost; selection of multiple linear regression model, the unit cost per lane kilometer as the dependent variable, the cost factor as independent variables, the cost estimate to build the macro-factor model and the cost of each grade highway microeconomic factors estimation model.

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Naik, A. Kaushik A., J. N. Ramprasad, Kamath Giridhar, and Prasad H. C. Shiva. "Identifying and Hierarchizing the factor of Delay Factors with Interpretive Structure Modelling a case in Indian Thermal Power Plant." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology 9, no. 8 (2018): 549–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3870316.

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<em>Project(s) to succeed four key factors are important; they are manpower, finance, material and time. The finance is an essential component than the rest and the key role played by the finance department is critical for project completion success. The project manager ensures that the project completes within timeline, as every delay incurs cost-overrun. The consulting firm is responsible for the project that probes the causes for time and money delay factors. This study sheds light on the delay factors that causes cost escalation on the project managers to have to deal with during the proje

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37

Pi, Jiancai, and Yu Zhou. "International Factor Mobility, Production Cost Components, and Wage Inequality." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 15, no. 2 (2015): 503–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2014-0006.

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Abstract The present paper establishes a two-sector monopolistic competition model to investigate how international factor mobility influences the skilled–unskilled wage inequality when the monopolistically competitive sector producing final goods is characterized by various types of production cost functions. We discuss three types of production cost functions of the monopolistically competitive sector. Different types of production cost functions have different production factor components of variable and fixed costs. We find that differences in production cost components of the monopolistic

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38

Irsutami, Irsutami, and Muhammad Fikri. "Motivation of Private High School Fresh Graduated Students on Batam in Choosing the Accounting Education." Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation 1, no. 1 (2016): 44–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1307270.

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The purpose of this research is to investigate how vocational high school graduated students on Batam are motivated in terms of choosing the accounting education in a university. Variables that are used on this research are social and economic background, career factor and cost factor toward motivation of vocational high school graduated students on Batam in terms of choosing accounting education in a university. Population in this research is all students on vocational high schools and private high schools on Batam. There are 354 vocational high school and private high schools students on Bat

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39

Grega, L. "Vertical integration as a factor of competitiveness of agriculture." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 11 (2012): 520–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5441-agricecon.

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Vertical integration within agricultural and food sector is one of the decisive factors influencing market structure and competitiveness of agriculture. There are two groups of motives for vertical integration. Motive of efficiency is based on the effort to minimise production cost or transaction cost. Market power is not solely the result of horizontal expansion, but if variable inputs are considered, vertical integration may contribute to market power and so to growing share in consumer price. The article analyses and methodologically specifies these motives for vertical integration and dete

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40

Wu, Xin, Xue Jun Li, Jun Lu, and Liu Yang. "Analysis of Influencing Factor on Green Building’s Incremental Cost." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 1249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1249.

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Recently the potential development of green architecture in our country is huge, but inaccurate control of green building’s incremental cost is the key reason for restricting its development. After analyzing influencing factors of green building’s incremental cost, four influencing factors are put forward:technical measures, project regions,fixed position and time to research feasibility. On basis of the factors, the ways are proposed to reduce green building’s incremental cost, which provides theoretical basis for the development of green architecture.

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41

Wedagama, Dewa Nyoman Wiryasantika, Dedi Budiman Hakim, Bambang Juanda, and Trias Andati. "Implementation of Capm, Fama-French Three-Factor, and Five-Factor in Indonesia Stock Exchange and Cement Industry Sector." International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues 12, no. 2 (2022): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.12805.

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Weighting Average Cost of Capital (WACC) plays a critical role as a discounting factor of the corporate valuation process's estimated future free cash flow by highly influencing the valuation process. It consists of three components, namely cost of debt, cost of equity, and proportion of capital structure. Costs of debt and capital structure are easily calculated due to data stability and less volatility. Meanwhile, the cost of equity is difficult to determine due to assumption, the period taken, the method applied, and complexity. Many assets pricing methods are used to determine the required

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&NA;. "Metabolic impact a key factor in antipsychotics' cost effectiveness." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1361 (2011): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201113610-00005.

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Gorbunov, V. P. "Evolution of Low-Cost Airline Business Models – Airport Factor." Quality and life 22, no. 2 (2019): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34214/2312-5209-2019-22-2-106-112.

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44

M. T. Ibraheem Al-Naib, Ahmed, and Bashar Abdullah Hamad. "A Cost-Effective Method for Power Factor Metering Systems." International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems 13, no. 5 (2022): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.13.5.8.

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The power factor (PF) is an important measurement in an AC electrical system that indicates how much power ‎is utilized to accomplish productive work by a load and how much power is consumed. As a result, it's one of ‎the primary causes of excessive energy costs and power outages. This paper aims to present a simple, cost-‎effective, and accurate PF metering and monitoring system implemented using an Arduino microcontroller with ‎a novel methodology different from other papers. The proposed method is to design the software code instead ‎of using external components of Zero-Crossing Detectors (

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45

Griffin, Denise. "Cost should not be a factor in cancer care." Nursing Standard 14, no. 10 (1999): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.14.10.31.s48.

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46

Ha, Gak-Hyeon, and Sung-Hwan Kim. "Cost Scaling Factor according to Power Plant Capacity Change." Journal of Energy Engineering 22, no. 3 (2013): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5855/energy.2013.22.3.283.

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Okunade, Albert A. "Are Factor Substitutions in HMO Industry Operations Cost Saving?" Southern Economic Journal 69, no. 4 (2003): 800–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2325-8012.2003.tb00534.x.

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&NA;. "IV alteplase: cost not a factor in acute stroke." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1291 (2001): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200112910-00008.

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&NA;. "Is cost a driving factor for prescribing in PD?" Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1497 (2005): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200514970-00008.

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Okunade, Albert A. "Are Factor Substitutions in HMO Industry Operations Cost Saving?" Southern Economic Journal 69, no. 4 (2003): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1061652.

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