Journal articles: 'Cost sheet'

1

Mispan, Mohd Syafiq, Ahmad Haﬁzzudin Mustafa, Hafez Sarkawi, and Aiman Zakwan Jidin. "Low-cost and portable automatic sheet cutter." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 5139. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i5.pp5139-5146.

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Process automation is crucial to increase productivity, more efficient use of materials, better product quality, improved safety, etc. In small-medium enterprise (SME) businesses related to household retailing, one of the process automation needed is the measurement and cutting of the mat or sheet, made of rubber or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) materials. Most of the household retailers that selling the sheet, the process of measuring and cutting according to the customer’s requirements are manually performed using a measuring tape and scissors. These manual processes can cause inaccuracy in length, inefficient use of material, low productivity and reduce product quality. This paper presents a low cost and portable automatic sheet cutter using the Arduino development board, which is used to control the process of measuring and cutting the materials. The system uses a push-button where the user can set the required length and quantity of the sheet. Once the required information is set, the stepper motor rolls the sheet until the required length is satisfied. Subsequently, another stepper motor moves the cutter horizontally and cut the sheet. With the automatic sheet cutter, the material is cut with acceptable precision. The design of the automatic sheet cutter is low cost and portable which significantly suitable to be used by SME household retailers.

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Ávila, Antonio F., and Fabrício G. Jabbur. "Sheet Forming Studies using Low-cost Composites." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 18, no. 1 (January 2005): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705705041158.

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3

Bargelis, A., and M. Rimasauskas. "Cost forecasting model for order-based sheet metalworking." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 221, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406jmes269.

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This paper deals with a cost forecasting model for order-based sheet metalworking. The model has been developed on the cost analysis performed by comparing traditional manufacture of sheet metal parts (dies and presses) with rapid manufacture (RM) as CNC punching, laser cutting, and bending in terms of the cost per part unit made in various quantities. The findings show that it is more economical to apply RM methods for some sheet metal design geometries than traditional approaches in the production of thousand units. The developed cost forecasting model has been tested and adopted in two sheet metalworking companies. It furnishes the possibility for producer to find quickly and to estimate the product cost at an early stage of order-based sheet metalworking industry with satisfactory accuracy. The proposed model is being implemented both in industry and university education process.

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Chitranshi, Megha, Anuptha Pujari, Vianessa Ng, Daniel Chen, Devika Chauhan, Ronald Hudepohl, Motahareh Saleminik, et al. "Carbon Nanotube Sheet-Synthesis and Applications." Nanomaterials 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2020): 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10102023.

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Decades of extensive research have matured the development of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Still, the properties of macroscale assemblages, such as sheets of carbon nanotubes, are not good enough to satisfy many applications. This paper gives an overview of different approaches to synthesize CNTs and then focuses on the floating catalyst method to form CNT sheets. A method is also described in this paper to modify the properties of macroscale carbon nanotube sheets produced by the floating catalyst method. The CNT sheet is modified to form a carbon nanotube hybrid (CNTH) sheet by incorporating metal, ceramic, or other types of nanoparticles into the high-temperature synthesis process to improve and customize the properties of the traditional nanotube sheet. This paper also discusses manufacturing obstacles and the possible commercial applications of the CNT sheet and CNTH sheet. Manufacturing problems include the difficulty of injecting dry nanoparticles uniformly, increasing the output of the process to reduce cost, and safely handling the hydrogen gas generated in the process. Applications for CNT sheet include air and water filtering, energy storage applications, and compositing CNTH sheets to produce apparel with anti-microbial properties to protect the population from infectious diseases. The paper also provides an outlook towards large scale commercialization of CNT material.

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INOUE, Tomoaki, Taiki OSHIMOTO, Isao ABE, and Takehito KIKUCHI. "Development of Low-cost Shear-force Sensitive Sheet." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2018 (2018): 2P1—G02. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2018.2p1-g02.

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6

Kumar, C. N. Ashok, and R. Deivanathan. "Reducing the Manufacturing Cost by Using Combination Die." Applied Mechanics and Materials 234 (November 2012): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.234.59.

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Manufacturing cost is the major factor that affects the profit of any industry or any product. Manufacturing Cost involves material, labor, equipment & tooling, quality, maintenance etc. Sheet metal forming is one of the major manufacturing processes and used for most of the products. The Die is the tooling used in the sheet metal forming. The proper design of die is important in sheet metal forming processes. This article discusses how the Combination Die can reduce the manufacturing cost, particularly the labor cost and material handling cost. For this study, a product U Clamp is considered. The Product requires piercing, bending and parting off operations. The Combination Die is designed and fabricated for the product and tested. Data on operation time, material handling time, die fabrication cost are collected, analyzed and discussed.

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Cruz-Estrada, Ricardo Herbé, Javier Guillén-Mallette, Carlos Vidal Cupul-Manzano, and Josué Iván Balam-Hernández. "Potential use of waste from tree pruning and recovered plastic to obtain a building material: Case study of Merida, Mexico." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 38, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 1222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20928404.

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This work presents a study on the use of wood and plastic wastes generated in abundance in Merida, Mexico, to help to reduce them in order to mitigate environmental deterioration. The use of these wastes is proposed to obtain a low-cost building material. So, the escalation process (i.e., extrusion) at the pilot level to obtain a prototype of a wood–plastic composite (WPC) corrugated sheet to evaluate the technical feasibility to make a low-cost product is reported. A corrugated sheet with recycled high-density polyethylene (R-HDPE) was produced. The R-HDPE was collected from Merida’s Separation Plant. The wood came from the trimmings of different varieties of trees and shrubs that are periodically pruned. WPC sheets with virgin HDPE were prepared to assess its effect on the materials’ mechanical performance. The wood/HDPE weight ratio was 40/60. The performance of the WPC sheets was compared with that of commercial products with similar characteristics, namely acrylic and polyester sheets reinforced with fibreglass, and black asphalt-saturated cardboard sheets. Thus, the effect of natural weathering on the maximum tensile tearing force and on the maximum flexural load of the different types of sheets was evaluated. Although the mechanical performance of the WPC sheets was lower than that of the acrylic and polyacrylic sheets, their performance was much better than that of the cheap black asphalt-saturated cardboard sheets. So, they are a good option to be used as low-cost temporary roofing.

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8

Oz, Sheri. "A modified balance-sheet procedure for decision making in therapy: Cost-cost comparisons." Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 26, no. 1 (1995): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.26.1.78.

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9

Bernhart, Gerard, Jean Paul Arcens, and Yannick Le Maoult. "Innovative Superplastic Forming Based on In Situ Infra-Red Sheet Heating." Materials Science Forum 735 (December 2012): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.735.415.

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This paper describes the research work that was performed in order to propose an innovative and low cost process route for superplastic forming of aluminum and titanium alloy sheets. The driving idea was to heat only the metallic sheet using heating elements included in the pressure chamber. Several heating configuration have been tested and equipment designs investigated. Based on experimental results and numerical thermal analysis, it was found that halogen heating lamps with a high reflective thermal insulation was the best for the upper pressure chamber, whereas low effusivity Refractory Castables materials seem optimal as low cost forming die. Energy consumption evaluation shows more than 80% energy saving in nominal titanium alloy forming. A pilot forming equipment was developed and first aluminum sheet forming trials give interesting results.

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10

Sankote, Apichart, Kheamrutai Thamaphat, and Supanee Limsuwan. "Construction of a Cost Effective Current Balance for Physics Teaching." Advanced Materials Research 770 (September 2013): 374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.770.374.

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In this work, a method to measuring the magnitude of a uniform magnetic field in space using current balance was described. A simple experimental set was designed and constructed using low-cost materials. This constructed current balance consists of copper sheet, weight pan, and acrylic sheet. A copper sheet was cut into a U-shape and attached at the end of acrylic balance arm. A weight pan was hanged in the opposite side of the balance arm with high sensitivity to a small torque. The horizontal segment of the U-shaped copper sheet, which the length l was 3 cm, was located inside the influence of an uniform magnetic field produced by two parallel bar magnets with opposite poles facing each other. The magnetic field direction was perpendicular to the horizontal segment. When a current was supplied to the copper sheet, the magnetic force acting on a horizontal segment of length l carrying a current I in a magnetic field B was given by. In the experiment, the current was varied from 0 1 A. For each value of applied current, the magnetic force on a thin straight sheet of length l was measured by adding masses to the pan until the balance arm moved to the equilibrium between opposing gravitational and magnetic forces. The results showed that the magnetic force increased linearly with increasing applied current. By plotting a linear graph of magnetic force versus applied current, the magnetic field B can be calculated from . The calculated and actual values of B were 100.32 and 100.13 mT, respectively. This constructed current balance is an excellent tool for high school and undergraduate fundamental physics courses. Students will be excited when they see the balance arm rising or going down due to magnitude and direction of current flowing in a conductor wire.

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Kiruba T and Raja Balasaraswathi S. "Development of Bacterial Cellulose based sustainable non-woven." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 06, no. 9S (October 12, 2020): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0609s19.

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Bacterial cellulose is one of thebio-based materials produced from the bacterium Acetobacter xylinumand it is considered that it has the potential to achieve zero waste sustainability. In this research, Bacterial Cellulose (BC) sheet was developed using Acetobacter xylinum strain in Mannitol medium and black tea was identified as a cost-effective alternate source and further production of BC is made in black tea. The developed BC sheet was evaluated for their morphological properties using a scanning electron microscope. The physical properties of BC sheet were evaluated using tensile strength, elongation, tearing strength, thickness, stiffness and crease recovery tests. The moisture management test was done to analyze the wetting time, wetting radius, spreading rate and absorption speed of the developed sheet. These results provide a higher perception into the potential applications of BC sheets in the apparel and textile industry.

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12

Szydełko, Łukasz. "BONDS BALANCE SHEET VALUATION IN AMORTISED COST – CHOSEN ASPECTS." Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, no. 503 (2018): 464–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/pn.2018.503.41.

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13

Tang, Dunbing, Walter Eversheim, and Günther Schuh. "Qualitative and quantitative cost analysis for sheet metal stamping." International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 17, no. 5 (July 2004): 394–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09511920410001662120.

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14

Gregory, J. M., O. J. H. Browne, A. J. Payne, J. K. Ridley, and I. C. Rutt. "Modelling large-scale ice-sheet–climate interactions following glacial inception." Climate of the Past 8, no. 5 (October 11, 2012): 1565–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1565-2012.

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Abstract. We have coupled the FAMOUS global AOGCM (atmosphere-ocean general circulation model) to the Glimmer thermomechanical ice-sheet model in order to study the development of ice-sheets in north-east America (Laurentia) and north-west Europe (Fennoscandia) following glacial inception. This first use of a coupled AOGCM–ice-sheet model for a study of change on long palæoclimate timescales is made possible by the low computational cost of FAMOUS, despite its inclusion of physical parameterisations similar in complexity to higher-resolution AOGCMs. With the orbital forcing of 115 ka BP, FAMOUS–Glimmer produces ice caps on the Canadian Arctic islands, on the north-west coast of Hudson Bay and in southern Scandinavia, which grow to occupy the Keewatin region of the Canadian mainland and all of Fennoscandia over 50 ka. Their growth is eventually halted by increasing coastal ice discharge. The expansion of the ice-sheets influences the regional climate, which becomes cooler, reducing the ablation, and ice accumulates in places that initially do not have positive surface mass balance. The results suggest the possibility that the glaciation of north-east America could have begun on the Canadian Arctic islands, producing a regional climate change that caused or enhanced the growth of ice on the mainland. The increase in albedo (due to snow and ice cover) is the dominant feedback on the area of the ice-sheets and acts rapidly, whereas the feedback of topography on SMB does not become significant for several centuries, but eventually has a large effect on the thickening of the ice-sheets. These two positive feedbacks are mutually reinforcing. In addition, the change in topography perturbs the tropospheric circulation, producing some reduction of cloud, and mitigating the local cooling along the margin of the Laurentide ice-sheet. Our experiments demonstrate the importance and complexity of the interactions between ice-sheets and local climate.

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15

Ryou, Hansun, Kwansoo Chung, Jeong-Whan Yoon, Chung-Souk Han, Jae Ryoun Youn, and Tae Jin Kang. "Incorporation of Sheet-Forming Effects in Crash Simulations Using Ideal Forming Theory and Hybrid Membrane and Shell Method." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 127, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1830050.

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In order to achieve reliable but cost-effective crash simulations of stamped parts, sheet-forming process effects were incorporated in simulations using the ideal forming theory mixed with the three-dimensional hybrid membrane and shell method, while the subsequent crash simulations were carried out using a dynamic explicit finite element code. Example solutions performed for forming and crash simulations of I- and S-shaped rails verified that the proposed approach is cost effective without sacrificing accuracy. The method required a significantly small amount of additional computation time, less than 3% for the specific examples, to incorporate sheet-forming effects into crash simulations. As for the constitutive equation, the combined isotropic-kinematic hardening law and the nonquadratic anisotropic yield stress potential as well as its conjugate strain-rate potential were used to describe the anisotropy of AA6111-T4 aluminum alloy sheets.

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Watari, Hisaki, Hidemitsu Hamano, Shi Ichi Nishida, and Hayato Asou. "A 3D Finite Element Simulation of Cold Roll Forming of Wrought Magnesium Alloy Sheets." Applied Mechanics and Materials 459 (October 2013): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.459.455.

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In recent several years, although production of magnesium has risen dramatically, production of magnesium alloy sheet remains still at a very low level in practical use. The major barrier to greatly increased magnesium alloy use has been in still primarily high manufacturing cost as well as poor work ability of wrought magnesium sheet alloys. One of the author has investigated in cold roll forming of magnesium alloy, however detailed forming characteristics of the wrought magnesium alloy sheets has not been clarified. The aim of the study is to confirm possibilities of practical use of wrought magnesium alloy by using told roll forming process. A three dimensional elasto-plastic analysis by finite element method (FEM) has been conducted to examine the shapes of cross section, spring back characteristics, bending strains and longitudinal membrane strain of magnesium alloy sheet and cold rolled steel sheet during forming.

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17

Hamid, Izwan. "Yield Improvement Study on a Reduced Size Blank Metal Sheet for Stamping Product." Journal of Engineering and Science Research 2, no. 5 (October 20, 2018): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26666/rmp.jesr.2018.5.8.

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This paper is about the reduction of the overall size of metal blanking sheet that is being used to form a stamping product or car body panel of a car manufacturer in Malaysia. The current blanking sheet produces extra waste which will be recycled and does not contribute to increase productivity but increases inventory cost. The reduction in the blanking sheet size will lead to the reduction of raw material hence reduced the production cost. However, the reduced size of blanking sheet could affect the yield strength of the product. The study of the yield strength and yield improvement of the product are done by simulating stress analysis by using CATIA software. The results show that the new proposed size of the metal blanking sheet provides accuracy of the product dimension as well as maintaining the yield strength of the product and it reduced a significant amount of metal scrap which is nearly 4% of material weight and save around 10% of inventory cost.

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Aranguren, Andres, Carlos E. Torres, Carolina Muñoz-Camargo, Johann F. Osma, and Juan C. Cruz. "Synthesis of Nanoscale Liposomes via Low-Cost Microfluidic Systems." Micromachines 11, no. 12 (November 28, 2020): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11121050.

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We describe the manufacture of low-cost microfluidic systems to produce nanoscale liposomes with highly uniform size distributions (i.e., low polydispersity indexes (PDI)) and acceptable colloidal stability. This was achieved by exploiting a Y-junction device followed by a serpentine micromixer geometry to facilitate the diffusion between the mixing phases (i.e., continuous and dispersed) via advective processes. Two different geometries were studied. In the first one, the microchannels were engraved with a laser cutting machine on a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) sheet and covered with another PMMA sheet to form a two-layer device. In the second one, microchannels were not engraved but through-hole cut on a PMMA sheet and encased by a top and a bottom PMMA sheet to form a three-layer device. The devices were tested out by putting in contact lipids dissolved in alcohol as the dispersed phase and water as the continuous phase to self-assemble the liposomes. By fixing the total flow rate (TFR) and varying the flow rate ratio (FRR), we obtained most liposomes with average hydrodynamic diameters ranging from 188 ± 61 to 1312 ± 373 nm and 0.30 ± 0.09 PDI values. Such liposomes were obtained by changing the FRR from 5:1 to 2:1. Our results approached those obtained by conventional bulk synthesis methods such as a thin hydration bilayer and freeze-thaw, which produced liposomes with diameters ranging from 200 ± 38 to 250 ± 38 nm and 0.30 ± 0.05 PDI values. The produced liposomes might find several potential applications in the biomedical field, particularly in encapsulation and drug delivery.

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Ariffin, M. K. A., Shamsuddin Sulaiman, and M. S. Mohd Ruslan. "Finite Element Analysis of Sheet Metal Formability Effect on Automotive Part." Applied Mechanics and Materials 660 (October 2014): 788–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.788.

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An increasing demand for lower price and better quality vehicle has increase complexity of tool development process. This includes concept evaluation, design phase, prototype phase and pre production phase. Experience show that R&D spends most of the time and cost for tool development process, which includes assembly tooling, product tooling for automobile sheet metal component or part requires the highest cost in tool development process as most metal stamping part requires more than one tool to produce finished stamping part. For these reason, sheet metal forming simulation and analysis at early stage of tool development process is very important to shorten the tool development cycle time and cost. In other word by applying sheet metal forming simulation and analysis at early stage it can reduce the die manufacturing cycle time and cost.

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20

Zhu, Xiaolan, Ning Shao, Dongliang Li, Fang Xue, Li Hou, and Yun Gao. "Preparation and Thermal Analysis of Flame-retardant Chitosan Thin Films on Ammonium Polyphosphate Treated Reconstituted Tobacco Sheet." Current Analytical Chemistry 16, no. 6 (August 13, 2020): 711–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573412915666190227165046.

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Background: Burning temperature is one of the most important factors affecting the chemical structure of the smoke and the addition of reconstituted tobacco sheet to cut tobacco has been widely used by the tobacco industry to reduce the cost of cigarettes and the health risks of smoking. Methods: A flame retardant film, made from chitosan and ammonium polyphosphate, has been coated on the surface of the reconstituted tobacco sheet substrate by Layer-by-Layer and spray coating techniques. The thermal degradation properties and flame retardancy of these reconstituted tobacco sheets were analyzed by TG-FTIR and micro-scale combustion calorimetry. Results: It was found that the reconstituted tobacco sheet with the ratio of chitosan (5%) and ammonium polyphosphate (3%) film coating showed significant reductions in the peak heat release rate (50.7%), total heat release (35.8%) and the highest temperature in the temperature distribution diagram (77°C). The main gases released during the pyrolysis of these reconstituted tobacco sheet samples were H2O, CO2, CO, NH3, carbonyl compounds and the presence of film coating changed the formation of evolved volatile products and formed less gaseous products except NH3 during the thermal decomposition process. Conclusion: The coating film can greatly enhance the char forming ability and reduce the flammability of reconstituted tobacco sheet, and therefore, reduce the health risks of smoking with the addition of these reconstituted tobacco sheets.

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21

Gregory, J. M., O. J. H. Browne, A. J. Payne, J. K. Ridley, and I. C. Rutt. "Modelling large-scale ice-sheet–climate interactions following glacial inception." Climate of the Past Discussions 8, no. 1 (January 9, 2012): 169–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-169-2012.

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Abstract. We have coupled the FAMOUS global AOGCM (atmosphere–ocean general circulation model) to the Glimmer thermomechanical ice-sheet model in order to study the development of ice-sheets in North-East America (Laurentia) and North-West Europe (Fennoscandia) following glacial inception. This first use of a coupled AOGCM-ice-sheet model for a study of change on long palæoclimate timescales is made possible by the low computational cost of FAMOUS, despite its inclusion of physical parameterisations of a similar complexity to those of higher-resolution AOGCMs. With the orbital forcing of 115 ka BP, FAMOUS-Glimmer produces ice-caps on the Canadian Arctic islands, on the north-west coast of Hudson Bay, and in Southern Scandinavia, which over 50 ka grow to occupy the Keewatin region of the Canadian mainland and all of Fennoscandia. Their growth is eventually halted by increasing coastal ice discharge. The expansion of the ice-sheets influences the regional climate, which becomes cooler, reducing the ablation, while precipitation increases. Ice accumulates in places that initially do not have positive surface mass balance. The results suggest the possibility that the Laurentide glaciation could have begun on the Canadian Arctic islands, producing a regional climate change that caused or enhanced the growth of ice on the mainland. The increase in albedo due to snow and ice cover is the dominant feedback on the area of the ice-sheets, and acts rapidly, whereas the feedback of topography on SMB does not become significant for several centuries, but eventually has a large effect on the thickening of the ice-sheets. These two positive feedbacks are mutually reinforcing. In addition the change in topography perturbs the tropospheric circulation, producing some reduction of cloud and mitigating the local cooling along the margin of the Laurentide ice-sheet. Our experiments demonstrate the importance and complexity of the interactions between ice-sheets and local climate.

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22

Kang, Jeong Won, and Ho Jung Hwang. "Comparison of III- Nitride Nanotubes: Atomistic Simulations." Materials Science Forum 449-452 (March 2004): 1185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.449-452.1185.

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We have investigated the single-wall boron-, aluminum- and gallium-nitride nanotubes using atomistic simulations based on the Tersoff potential. The Tersoff potential for III-nitride effectively describes the properties of III-nitride nanotubes. Structures, energetic and nanomechanics of III-nitride nanotubes were investigated and compared with each other. Youngs moduli of III-N nanotubes were lower than that of CNT. Though the graphite-like sheet formation of AlN was very difficult, since the elastic energy per atom to curve the sheet into cylinder for AlN was very low, if graphite-like sheets of AlN were formed, the extra cost to produce the tubes would be very low

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23

Wang, Xiaoting, Hao Ma, Hebao Zhang, Moxin Yu, Xiaojun He, and Yong Wang. "Interconnected mesoporous carbon sheet for supercapacitors from low-cost resources." Materials Letters 158 (November 2015): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2015.05.157.

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24

Witte, Ulrich, and Martin Traub. "Cost Efficient Diode Laser Beam Source for Sheet Metal Cutting." Laser Technik Journal 14, no. 1 (January 2017): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/latj.201700003.

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Lieu, Pang-tien, Tsai-lien Yeh, and Yung-ho Chiu. "Off-balance sheet activities and cost inefficiency in Taiwan's Banks." Service Industries Journal 25, no. 7 (October 2005): 925–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02642060500134196.

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Aygun, Levent E., Vivek Kumar, Campbell Weaver, Matthew Gerber, Sigurd Wagner, Naveen Verma, Branko Glisic, and James C. Sturm. "Large-Area Resistive Strain Sensing Sheet for Structural Health Monitoring." Sensors 20, no. 5 (March 3, 2020): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051386.

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Damage significantly influences response of a strain sensor only if it occurs in the proximity of the sensor. Thus, two-dimensional (2D) sensing sheets covering large areas offer reliable early-stage damage detection for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. This paper presents a scalable sensing sheet design consisting of a dense array of thin-film resistive strain sensors. The sensing sheet is fabricated using flexible printed circuit board (Flex-PCB) manufacturing process which enables low-cost and high-volume sensors that can cover large areas. The lab tests on an aluminum beam showed the sheet has a gauge factor of 2.1 and has a low drift of 1.5 μ ϵ / d a y . The field test on a pedestrian bridge showed the sheet is sensitive enough to track strain induced by the bridge’s temperature variations. The strain measured by the sheet had a root-mean-square (RMS) error of 7 μ ϵ r m s compared to a reference strain on the surface, extrapolated from fiber-optic sensors embedded within the bridge structure. The field tests on an existing crack showed that the sensing sheet can track the early-stage damage growth, where it sensed 600 μ ϵ peak strain, whereas the nearby sensors on a damage-free surface did not observe significant strain change.

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Kumma, Parinya, and Panuwat Soranansri. "Effect of Blank Holder Force and Edge Radius on Joining Strength in Flat-Clinching Process." Key Engineering Materials 856 (August 2020): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.856.175.

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A lightweight structure has been often mentioned in the automotive industry due to the increasing cost of energy as well as environmental legislation. Multi-material design is applied to reduce the weight of a car body. To join dissimilar sheet materials, it is quite difficult to achieve by welding processes. A flat-clinching process is one of the mechanical joining processes, which have join-ability of dissimilar sheet materials by plastic deformation. The purpose of this paper was to study the clinch-ability to join AA1100-to-AA1100 aluminum, AISI1010-to-AISI1010 steel, and AISI1010 steel-to-AA1100 aluminum sheets. Furthermore, the effect of both blank holder force (BHF) and edge radius (BHR) in the flat-clinching process on a joining strength was investigated. A shear strength test was conducted to examine the joining strength. The results show that the flat-clinching process can be successfully applied to join the similar sheet materials with the formation of interlocking. However, to achieve the joint of the dissimilar sheet materials, the AISI1010 steel sheet must be on the punch side. Also, both the BHF and the BHR significantly influent on the joining strength.

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Chandra, Aditi, Mao Takashima, Joey Li, Patricia Beck, Scott Bruner, Dylan Tinsley, Raghav Sreenivasan, and Arvind Kamath. "Considerations and Methodology to Determine R2R Manufacturing and Scaling of Electronic Devices on Flexible Stainless Steel Foil Substrates." MRS Advances 2, no. 18 (2017): 1029–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.274.

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ABSTRACTStainless steel substrates enable a combination of low cost, flexibility, durability, high processing temperatures, and sub-100 um thickness making it well suited for sheet based and roll-to-roll processing. NFC (13.56 MHz) based circuits using high performance polysilicon TFTs on steel sheets have been manufactured using a hybrid printed process in a production environment. The process scheme utilizes a hybrid, additive materials approach encompassing low cost manufacturing steps such as slot die coating and screen printing of silicon and dopant inks to enable a high throughput, low cost, manufacturing flow. This paper describes the approach for migrating from a sheet-based hybrid process flow to a R2R-based process. A comparison of substrate choices and considerations for R2R process integration is presented. A sensitive electrical method for evaluating the feasibility of R2R-based process integration schemes and materials selection is presented. MIM capacitor leakage, TFT device characteristics, NFC circuit performance, and defect density considerations are shown as a function of steel substrate bending, down to a diameter of 0.75 inches. Electrical characteristics and optical inspections show no measurable change to insulator characteristics, demonstrating a high degree of flexibility and overall device and process capability for R2R processing.

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Sajjad, Muhammad, Jithin Ambarayil Joy, and Dong Won Jung. "Finite Element Analysis of Incremental Sheet Forming for Metal Sheet." Key Engineering Materials 783 (October 2018): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.783.148.

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Incremental sheet metal forming, is a non-conventional machining process which offers higher formability, flexibility and low cost of production than the traditional conventional forming process. Punch or tool used in this forming process consecutively forces the sheet to deform locally and ultimately gives the target profile. Various machining parameters, such as type of tool, tool path, tool size, feed rate and mechanical properties of sheet metal, like strength co-efficient, strain hardening index and ultimate tensile strength, effects the forming process and the formability of final product. In this research paper, Single Point Incremental Forming was simulated using Dassault system’s Abaqus 6.12-1 and results are obtained. Results of sheet profile and there change in thickness is investigated. For this paper, we simulated the process in abaqus. The tool diameter and rotational speed is find out for the production of parts through incremental forming. The simulation is done for two type of material with different mechanical properties. Various research papers were used to understand the process of incremental forming and its simulation.

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Nordhaus, William. "Economics of the disintegration of the Greenland ice sheet." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 25 (June 4, 2019): 12261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1814990116.

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Concerns about the impact on large-scale earth systems have taken center stage in the scientific and economic analysis of climate change. The present study analyzes the economic impact of a potential disintegration of the Greenland ice sheet (GIS). The study introduces an approach that combines long-run economic growth models, climate models, and reduced-form GIS models. The study demonstrates that social cost–benefit analysis and damage-limiting strategies can be usefully extended to illuminate issues with major long-term consequences, as well as concerns such as potential tipping points, irreversibility, and hysteresis. A key finding is that, under a wide range of assumptions, the risk of GIS disintegration makes a small contribution to the optimal stringency of current policy or to the overall social cost of climate change. It finds that the cost of GIS disintegration adds less than 5% to the social cost of carbon (SCC) under alternative discount rates and estimates of the GIS dynamics.

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Shahril, Mohd Khairul, Rose Farahiyan Munawar, Muhd Hafez Mohamed, Afraha Baiti Arif, Noraiham Mohamad, Mohd Edeerozey Abd Manaf, Jeeferie Abd Razak, and Hairul Effendy Ab Maulod. "Green Magnetic Composite Sheet from Durian Shell and Nano-Magnetite Particles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 761 (May 2015): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.761.515.

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Biomass-derived materials such as kenaf pulp and wood chips are a perfect candidate to produce magnetic paper. Furthermore, by using biomass waste, such as paddy straw, sugarcane, bagasse and durian shell, the cost of producing magnetic paper can be further reduced while giving added value to the waste. This paper investigates the potential of producing magnetic sheet from durian shell. Initially, durian shells were dried before undergoing the pulping process. The resulted sheet was then combined with magnetic particles, the nanomagnetite using either lumen loading or in-situ co-precipitation to produce a magnetic composite sheet. After being loaded with magnetic particles, the composite sheets were tested in terms of the homogeneity of the magnetic particles in the samples, degree of loading of the magnetic particles and the magnetic properties of the samples. Results obtained show a great success in producing the magnetic sheet from durian shell waste and nanomagnetite particles. It was also found that the lumen loading method gives better magnetic properties compared to the in-situ co-precipitation method.

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Heft-LaPorte, Heidi, and Arthur J. Frankel. "Computer-Assisted Tracking of a Case Management Program for the Homeless." Care Management Journals 2, no. 3 (January 2000): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1521-0987.2.3.153.

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Computer scan sheet technology was used to evaluate process and outcome variables in a case management shelter program for the homeless. Clients spent up to four months in this program, working on a number of goal areas, including housing, employment, drugs and alcohol, mental and physical health, and literacy. Using Tele-Form, a computer program that allows scan sheets to be designed on screen, case manager recording forms were developed that allowed interventions to be documented on a daily basis, while psychosocial goal areas were documented on scan sheets at intake and termination. Data from these scan sheets were fed into SPSS, a statistical program for the social sciences. Using the case management tracking guidelines developed by Frankel and LaPorte, 1998, the results of this study showed that scan sheet technology was an effective, efficient, and extremely cost-effective way to track case management. The analysis of the data and subsequent discussion suggested ways about how to make case management evaluation more uniform across the country.

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Shinoda, Hiroyuki, Yasutoshi Makino, Naoshi Yamahira, and Hiroto Itai. "Two-Dimensional Wireless Power Supply to Ubiquitous Robots Using Microwaves." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 22, no. 6 (December 20, 2010): 777–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2010.p0777.

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This paper proposes a wireless power supply method to ubiquitous small robots using microwaves propagated in a two-dimensional waveguide (2DW). A robot working anywhere on a 2DW sheet receives the power from the sheet. The communication signal is also transmitted through the identical sheet. The structure of 2DW sheet is simple and realized with various materials at low cost. Since the microwave power is confined inside the 2DW sheet, it enables safe power transmission and communication without strong interference with the space outside the sheet.

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Pothier, David D., and Adam Frosh. "Do Information Sheets Improve Patient Satisfaction in the Out-Patient Department?" Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 88, no. 6 (October 2006): 557–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2006.88.6.557.

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INTRODUCTION Time spent waiting to see a doctor in the out-patient department is a significant source of dissatisfaction for patients. Out-patient staff are often repeatedly questioned about the running of the clinic and why a delay has developed. These complaints and requests often result in further delays to the clinic. PATIENTS AND METHODS An information sheet was written to answer these questions. We set out to determine if the distribution of these sheets increased patient satisfaction with waiting times in the outpatient setting. Twelve sequential ENT clinics at the Lister Hospital, Stevenage were randomised into two groups. Patients attending clinics in Group A (n = 103) received an information sheet while those attending clinics in Group B (n = 124) received no information sheet. At the end of their clinic visit, all patients completed a questionnaire in which they were asked to provide a rating of their levels of satisfaction with various experiences in the out-patient department on a rating score from 1 to 5. RESULTS We found levels of satisfaction regarding waiting times to be significantly higher in the group who received information sheets (P < 0.001). No verbal complaints were received by the nursing staff at clinics where the information sheet was distributed. Four verbal complaints were received at the clinics where no sheets were distributed. CONCLUSIONS We believe that the use of information sheets is a cost-effective method of improving patient satisfaction and that this is a useful tool both in the primary care setting and in hospital out-patient departments.

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Boschetto, Alberto, Armando Ruggiero, and Francesco Veniali. "Deburring of Sheet Metal by Barrel Finishing." Key Engineering Materials 344 (July 2007): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.344.193.

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In sheet metal processes the burrs cannot be completely eliminated during the process but can be minimized by optimization of the process parameters. Hence the deburring often becomes an essential secondary operation. Most of the deburring operations are hand-made and therefore several manufacturers tend to eliminate these tedious and labor-intensive operations due to time and cost issues. Moreover, clamping problems can arise which, together with the deburring forces, can induce dimension alterations and local deformations, particularly for thin sheets. Barrel finishing is an old technique commonly used to improve the surface roughness of complicated parts, but can find interesting applications also in the deburring. Aim of this work is to present an experimental investigation on the deburring of sheet metal performed by barreling. A technological model has been developed in order to assess the height of the burr as a function of the initial burr and of the working time.

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Khalid, Usman, Othman Mohammad Ahmed Mustafa, Muhammad Ali Naeem, Mohammad Yousef Mohammad Alkhateeb, and Basil Marwan Abed Eljaber Awad. "Direct Optimization of an Automotive Sheet Metal Part Using ANSYS." International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences 5, no. 3 (December 10, 2020): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21791/ijems.2020.3.14.

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Optimization of automotive parts nowadays is mainly used to design lightweight and cost-effective vehicle parts in order to improve the cost and efficiency. In this research, a sheet metal part was taken into consideration and optimized using direct optimization module in ANSYS to evaluate the process. An initial Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was done on the sheet metal part by adding forces and constraints in order to initiate direct optimization. The purpose of the optimization is to minimize the mass of the sheet metal part and maintaining a certain Factor of Safety (FOS) by automatically modifying the sheet thickness and the dimension of the side holes. As a result, the best candidate point with 23% mass reduction was found which complied with FOS value was selected for optimal geometry.

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Shehu, Blerim. "RESERVES AND THE COST OF GOODS SOLD." KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 30, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3001147s.

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This topic is about the role of stocks of commodities located in the warehouse, these goods are in the form of finished products, auxiliary materials semi-products. Control of material goods by enterprise executives, information provided to auditors. With internal control we can find the exact cost of the reserves, the exact cost of the goods sold and we can accurately determine the amount they are in the warehouse. Through accurate records, the true amount of material goods is determined, eliminating doubt about the valuation of the material goods that are in stock. Reports accepted the auditors for the status of material goods at the warehouse, analyzed the handling method, the form of records, the accuracy of the data, the stocks are the property of the enterprise or remain or are mortgaged or mixed or damaged, measuring accuracy and material assets, the stock part of the balance sheet. The auditor should ensure that all necessary actions for the stocks held by the enterprise are recorded until the closing of the books, stocks are the most important balance sheet items, the role of reserve control is very important.

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Sahare, Janhvi A. "Planning and Scheduling of Nagpur Metro Project using Smart-sheet tool." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 1032–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37525.

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Abstract: Smart-Sheet is a project management software product, developed and sold by Smart consultancies. It is designed to assist a project manager in developing a plan, assigning resources to tasks, tracking progress, managing the budget, and analysing workloads. Smart sheet can be used as a standalone tool for tracking project progress or it can be used for tracking complex project distributed in many geographical areas and managed by a number of project managers. Smart Sheet is designed to assist a project manager in: 1) Developing a plan, 2) Assigning resources to tasks, 3) Tracking progress, 4) Managing budget and 5) Analysing workloads. In this study an effort is made to estimate the changes in overall cost and time required to execute the phase 1 work of Nagpur metro rail project when done by conventional execution approach and when done by project management software tool of smart sheet Keywords: Project management, Smart sheet, Conventional construction execution, Cost optimization, Time optimization, Resource optimization.

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Chen, Chun Yuan, Valentino Anok Melo Cristino, and Ching Hua Hung. "Design of Flexible Bulge Testing System for Evaluating the Influence of Size Effect on Thin Metal Sheets." Materials Science Forum 920 (April 2018): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.920.199.

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Formability in sheet forming processes are usually analyzed by standardized tests, which often requires different test equipment associated with high initial investment cost. The present study purposes a flexible test tooling system for hydraulic bugle test apparatus that allows to evaluate the impact of size effect on the formability of thin metallic sheets. Finite Element Method was used for concept and design of the tooling system and experimental tests were carried out with thin sheets of SUS316L stainless steel to assess the overall performance of the tooling system.

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Fleckenstein, Matthias, and Francis A. Longstaff. "Renting Balance Sheet Space: Intermediary Balance Sheet Rental Costs and the Valuation of Derivatives." Review of Financial Studies 33, no. 11 (March 16, 2020): 5051–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhaa033.

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Abstract A long-standing asset pricing puzzle is that the funding rates in derivatives contracts often differ from those in cash markets. We propose that the cost of renting intermediary balance sheet space may help resolve this puzzle. We study a persistent basis in what is arguably the largest derivatives market, namely, the interest rate futures market. This basis is strongly related to exogenous measures of intermediary balance sheet usage and proxies for the balance sheet costs imposed by debt overhang problems and capital regulation. These results extend to the cash derivatives bases documented in many of the other largest financial markets.

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Rohansyah, Rohansyah, Subhan Fitriadi, Eddy Triatmoko, and Ahmad Ramadhani. "KAJIAN USAHA PENGOLAHAN KARET (Hevea brasiliensisL) SIT ASAP RSS (Rubber Smoke Sheet) DI DESA SIMPANG TIGA KECAMATAN MATARAMAN KABUPATEN BANJAR PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN." ZIRAA'AH MAJALAH ILMIAH PERTANIAN 44, no. 1 (February 12, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/zmip.v44i1.1574.

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The purpose of this research is to know the revenue,the total cost,income and break even point of make Rubber Smoke Sheet farming . This research was conducted in Oktober 2018 at village Simpang Tiga, Mataraman, Banjar regency province South Kalimantan . The Purposive sampling metode used was by observing 23 farmers in Simpang tiga mataraman who.make rubber smoke sheet. The Average result of the revenue is Rp. 5.328.260,87/ farmer, the average total cost is Rp. 2.361.588,27/farmer, and total profit is Rp 2.966.672,60/farmer.. BEP Rp. 1.288.984,64dan BEP product Rubber Smoke Sheet 51,56kg/farming. Based on the break even point,we can know the limit result which can give benefit or disvantage. From this result of development of farming make Rubber Smoke Sheet we believe that it has good prospect and revenue, of the break even point ,tecnicall and economically..

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Josue da Silva, Pablo, and Alberto J. Alvares. "Investigation of tool wear in single point incremental sheet forming." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 234, no. 1-2 (April 24, 2019): 170–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405419844653.

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This article presents a proposal for a new method to evaluate tool wear incremental sheet forming process. Incremental sheet forming is an innovative forming process with a high interest in fields of the industry due to its low preparation cost and high flexibility, allowing the production of small batches at a reduced cost. Among the various types of incremental sheet forming processes, the single point incremental sheet forming is the most cost-effective, and unfortunately, the single point incremental sheet forming process has high dimensional errors. In order to understand the process and its dimensional errors better, this article shows the study of tool wear and the quality of surface finish with the generated data can correlate with the tool life. The study is carried out by means of a sequence of experimental tests of galvanized steel sheet conformation by altering the stamping parameters (vertical step in, feed and rotation) and capturing the values of the surface roughness of the parts, the forming tool wear and processing time. After the completion of the tests, the classical formulation of the Taylor equation was utilized to obtain a mathematical model capable of estimating the lifetime of the single point incremental sheet forming tool associated with a tool wear value and the desired dimensional accuracy in relation to the processing parameters for the part or tool pair analyzed in a computer numerical control machine tool. The results of the study present an original model of prediction of tool wear in relation to the input parameters for the single point incremental sheet forming process; the overall error rate is 33.44% for the wear model of prediction and 35.94% for the lifetime model of prediction.

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Ceretti, Elisabetta, Aldo Attanasio, Antonio Fiorentino, and Claudio Giardini. "Sheet Hemming with Rolling Tools: Analysis and Optimization of the Part Quality." Key Engineering Materials 344 (July 2007): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.344.357.

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The present paper is the continuation of a research conducted on hemming operations by using rolling tools. Sheet hemming is a joining operation widely used in automotive industry when it is necessary to join two sheet parts (such as the engine hood or the door panels with their internal frame) by plastic deformation of the edge of the outer part. The whole process is characterised by a 90° sheet flanging, a pre-hemming (up to approximately 135°) and the final hemming where the outer sheet edge is bended up to 180° clamping the inner sheet. Hemming processes are normally performed using rigid dies in series production and manually in pre-series and small batch production, due to the high cost of the dies. Nowadays, rollers moved by robots are becoming an interesting alternative to the manual operations especially when flexible productions are required. Even if the process time is higher, this solution can help in minimizing set-up times and costs. The required equipments are a support and a blocking system for the sheets together with the rollers mounted on a CNC machine or on a robot. The production flexibility is guaranteed by changing the 3D tool path using a CAD/CAM system. Authors are dealing with this technique having conducted many experiments studying the influence of the hemming process parameters such as flange geometry (edge height, fillet radius), distance of the inner panel from the flange, tool path sequence, along straight paths on steel sheets. The goal of the present research is to study the material behaviour and the produced parts quality when working on aluminium sheets. In particular, both experimental tests and simulations will be carried out in order to optimize the process.

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Lan, Jian, Yu Liu, Xi Wei, and Lin Hua. "The Thin Sheet Metal Rubber Pad Stamping for PEM Fuel Cell." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 1732–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.1732.

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Bipolar plate is the key component of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell and represents a significant part of the overall cost and the total weight in a fuel cell stack. The thin sheet metal, with usually 0.1~0.3mm thickness, deformed to bipolar plate with flow channel 0.5~2mm width and depth, by rubber pad stamping can reduce the cost greatly. The rubber pad is simulated by solid element and hydraulic pressure respectively. Experiment shows that the hydraulic pressure can simulate the rubber pad. The thin sheet metal is modeled by solid element and shell element respectively. Considering thin sheet metal material size effect, the shell element cannot simulate the thin sheet metal stamping process because of small corner radius. Modeling rubber pad by hydraulic pressure and thin sheet metal by solid element, the simulation of the rubber pad stamping process shows that 1) the sheet metal in channel appears large uneven strain with high stress; 2) convex fillet make the sheet metal two direction tensions and should keep large fillet corner. Those simulations are validated by experiments. The research on rubber pad stamping will improve the understanding of this micro forming process and provide design guide of flow channel.

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Kashitani, Yuta, Shinichi Nishida, Junshi Ichikawa, Hiroto Ohashi, Naoshi Ozawa, Ryosuke Okushima, Tomoya Suzuki, Yuto Takigawa, and Hideto Harada. "Twin Roll Casting of Aluminium Alloy ADC12, A3003, A7075." Key Engineering Materials 735 (May 2017): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.735.18.

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This paper describes a vertical type twin roll strip casting process for producing aluminum alloy strip of ADC12, A3003 and A7075. Twin roll casting process is able to produce a strip from molten metal directly. Thus this process has a possibility to reduce total cost of sheet making comparing to conventional rolling process. Aluminum alloy ADC12 is a casting material that is used for die casting. A3003 is known as a wrought aluminum alloy for aluminum can body sheet. The A3003 sheet is generally produced by rolling, so it is effective for reducing a process cost to produce the strip by twin roll casting process. Aluminum alloy A7075 has high tensile strength, and it is known as a material for aerospace application. The sheet is manufactured in small quantities comparing to the other sheet aluminum alloy. It is supposed that the demand of high tensile strength aluminum sheet such as A7075 is going to increase for weight saving of structural material. In this study, twin roll casting experiment was performed to produce these three aluminum alloy strip in same experimental conditions. Castability, surface conditions and strip thickness were estimated. It was possible to cast these aluminum alloy strip.

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Shafaghi, Romina, Javad Mostaghimi, Valerian Pershin, and Maurice Ringuette. "Sporicidal efficacy of thermal-sprayed copper alloy coating." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 63, no. 5 (May 2017): 384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2016-0638.

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Approximately 200 000 Canadians acquire healthcare-associated bacterial infections each year and several-fold more acquire food-borne bacterial illnesses. Bacterial spores are particularly problematic because they can survive on surfaces for several months. Owing to its sporicidal activity, copper alloy sheet metal is sometimes used in hospital settings, but its widespread use is limited by cost and incompatibility with complex furniture and instrument designs and topographies. A potential alternative is the use of thermal spray technology to coat surfaces with copper alloys. We compared the sporicidal activity of thermally sprayed copper alloy on stainless steel with that of copper alloy sheet metal against Bacillus subtilis spores. Spores remained intact for at least 1 week on uncoated stainless steel, whereas spore fragmentation was initiated within 2 h of exposure to either copper surface. Less than 15% of spores were viable 2 h after exposure to either copper surface, as compared with stainless steel. By day 7, only degraded spores and petal-like nanoflowers were present on the copper surfaces. Nanoflowers, which are laminar arrangements of thin crystal sheets composed of carbon – copper phosphate, appeared to be derived from the degraded spores. Altogether, these results indicate that a thermal-sprayed copper alloy coating on stainless steel provides sporicidal activity similar to that afforded by copper alloy sheet metal.

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Li, Yan-Rui, Chih-Chung Su, and Shuo-Hung Chang. "Applying Aluminum–Vertically-Aligned Carbon Nanotube Forests Composites for Heat Dissipation." Nanomaterials 9, no. 5 (May 17, 2019): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9050758.

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Vertically-aligned carbon nanotube forests (VACNTs) with excellent axial heat dissipation properties were formed on aluminum foil to dissipate heat. In addition, the heat dissipation efficiency of aluminum–VACNTs composites in this work was compared with that of commercially available mainstream thermal sheets under the same natural cooling conditions. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was employed as a synthesis method using a three-segment high-temperature furnace. Subsequently, the temperature changes in a heating body with the aluminum–VACNTs composites was measured over time subject to natural cooling. In addition, the performance was compared with copper and pyrolytic graphite sheets. The experimental results revealed that the heat dissipation efficiency of the flexible aluminum–VACNTs composites was higher than that of clean aluminum foil, a copper sheet, and a pyrolytic graphite sheet by up to 56%, 40%, and 20%, respectively. Moreover, this work also verified the height of the carbon nanotube (CNT) did not influence the heat dissipation efficiency, indicating that the time cost of synthesis could be reduced.

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Fujii, Hideki, and Toshiyuki Okui. "Development of innovative low-cost manufacturing processes of titanium thin sheet." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 69, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.69.3.

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Chezan, A. R., T. V. Khandeparkar, C. H. L. J. ten Horn, and M. Sigvant. "Accurate sheet metal forming modeling for cost effective automotive part production." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 651 (November 25, 2019): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/651/1/012007.

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Hakim, Galang P. N., Ahmad Firdausi, and Mudrik Alaydrus. "A low cost electromagnetic sensor for detecting holes in metallic sheet." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) 17, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 2481. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v17i5.12684.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cost sheet'

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