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Journal articles on the topic 'Costa Rica – Economic conditions – 1948'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Hytrek, Gary. "Insurgent Labor, Economic Change, and Social Development: Costa Rica, 1900-1948." Journal of Historical Sociology 12, no. 1 (2002): 29–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6443.00079.

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2

Funkhouser, Edward. "Cyclical economic conditions and school attendance in Costa Rica." Economics of Education Review 18, no. 1 (1999): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7757(97)00053-8.

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3

Miller, Eugene D. "Labour and the War-Time Alliance in Costa Rica 1943–1948." Journal of Latin American Studies 25, no. 3 (1993): 515–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00006659.

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Costa Rica has won praise for its democratic traditions and social stability. Social scientists have attributed this to many factors: the country's benign colonial past, its small and relatively homogeneous population, the existence of a land owning peasantry, and the development, beginning in the 1930s, of a social welfare state. As it did elsewhere, the Great Depression marked a crossroads in Costa Rica's development. In response to the collapse of its international markets and the ensuing labour unrest, the state jettisoned its economic liberalism, and assumed an interventionist role in the

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4

Lauderdale, Pat. "SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INSTABILITY IN COSTA RICA: PRE-CONDITIONS FOR MILITARIZATION?" Review of Policy Research 6, no. 2 (1986): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1986.tb00690.x.

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5

Mora, Floribeth, Ana Abdelnour, Franklin Herrera, and Joaquín Salazar. "El Consorcio Cooperativo de Comercialización, Costa Rica: frijol." Agronomía Mesoamericana 10, no. 1 (2015): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v10i1.19461.

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The admission of Costa Rica into the World Trade Organization, and the subscription of the Bilateral Free Trade Agreement with Mexico and the agreements with other Central American countries brought about important changes in bean commercialization in Costa Rica. This partly resulted in the creation of CCCRL as an alternative for bean commercialization. Operation and viability of this Consortium are analyzed under the new conditions for the commercialization of agricultural and arming products, both at a national and international level. Agroecological crop conditions are also examined, as wel

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6

Sancho Domingo, Carlos. "La integración educativa universitaria en Centroamérica (1948-1975)." Revista Trace, no. 77 (January 31, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.77.2020.145.

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Como consecuencia de la corriente de integración política y económica que a comienzos de la década de 1950 recorrió Centroamérica, cobraron impulso iniciativas dirigidas a la creación de un espacio educativo superior de carácter regional. Constituido en 1949, el Consejo Superior Universitario Centroamericano (CSUCA) fue la base sobre la que tales proyectos pivotaron. En ese contexto surgió el Instituto de Estudios Centroamericanos (IECA) (1972-1975), que adscrito a la Universidad de Costa Rica e impulsado por el filósofo de origen español Constantino Láscaris Comneno, desarrolló un ambicioso p

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Holl, Karen D., Gretchen C. Daily, and Paul R. Ehrlich. "The Fertility Plateau in Costa Rica: a Review of Causes and Remedies." Environmental Conservation 20, no. 4 (1993): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290002350x.

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The decline and subsequent above-replacement plateau in Costa Rican fertility rates illustrates a demographic pattern that is apparent in other developing countries. This paper discusses the complexity of factors that contribute to the fertility plateau in Costa Rica. These contributory factors include the social and economic status of women, socio-economic conditions in general, lack of government commitment to and supply of family planning services relative to demand, deficient sex and family-planning education, and the powerful institutional influence of the Catholic Church.We then discuss

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8

Mosley, Layna. "Workers' Rights in Open Economies." Comparative Political Studies 41, no. 4-5 (2008): 674–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414007313119.

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Previous large-N research suggests that globalization could have either positive or negative consequences for labor rights in developing nations. This article examines the ways in which domestic political institutions and interests conditions the effects of economic globalization. It develops several hypotheses regarding the impact of domestic factors on labor rights outcomes and uses the case of Costa Rica to assess these hypotheses. The result is that although segments of the Costa Rican economy and labor force have benefited from industrial upgrading in recent years, the enclave nature of t

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9

King, A. B. S. "Factors affecting infestation by larvae of Phyllophaga spp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Costa Rica." Bulletin of Entomological Research 75, no. 3 (1985): 417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300014528.

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AbstractObservations were made on the behaviour of some Costa Rican species of Phyllophaga. Studies of oviposition and early larval survival under controlled conditions indicated that P. menetriesii (Blanchard) laid most eggs under a ground cover containing grasses and that the presence of living roots in the soil was important to the survival of the young larvae of the two most common species, P. menetriesii and P. vicina (Moser). At Turrialba, Costa Rica, the destruction of young maize plants by larvae of these two species and the consequent reduction in yield were significantly greater in l

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10

Herrero Amo, María Dolores, and M. Cristina De Stefano. "Public–private partnership as an innovative approach for sustainable tourism in Guanacaste, Costa Rica." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 11, no. 2 (2019): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-11-2018-0078.

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Purpose The current tourism model based on luxury hotel resorts in the Gulf of Papagayo (Guanacaste, Costa Rica) is largely affecting the living condition of its nearby communities. This paper aims to discuss the importance of promoting public–private partnerships (PPPs) as innovative forms of governance to increase the sustainability of this tourism model. Design/methodology/approach Based on the review of institutional documents and the PPP literature, this article critically maps each stage of the process to design PPPs for sustainable tourism, taking into account the case of Guanacaste. In

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11

Flores Paredes, Joaquín, Susana Wong Chan, and Duayner Salas Chaverri. "Integration Processes in Latin America." Latin American Journal of Trade Policy 1, no. 1 (2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0719-9368.2018.50993.

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After describing, within the framework of “Open Regionalism”, the tortuous process that the Central American countries have experienced to achieve their integration as a Common Market, this article analyses the relationship between these countries and Mexico, through the Free Trade Agreement signed among them. Once it is shown that the integration process of the Central American countries is on an impasse, the article explores the possibilities to advance on the economic integration between Mexico and the region. Using quantitative measurement and qualitative elements, this article identifies

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12

Almeida, Paul. "The Sequencing of Success: Organizing Templates and Neoliberal Policy Outcomes." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 13, no. 2 (2008): 165–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.13.2.cl74r52765281005.

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In the 1990s and early 2000s, government privatization and austerity programs served as the cornerstone of free market reforms implemented throughout the developing world. The selling off of government utilities, resources, and services laid the groundwork for a highly contested battleground in the global South over social and economic distribution. This study examines the sequencing of campaigns against neoliberal reforms in Central America. Two successful movement campaigns against privatization in El Salvador and Costa Rica followed failed collective attempts to impede similar economic refo

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13

Azofeifa-Bolaños, José Bernal, German Rivera-Coto, Amelia Paniagua-Vásquez, and Roberto Cordero-Solórzano. "Selección cualitativa del esqueje en la sobrevivencia y desarrollo morfogenético de Vanilla planifolia Andrews." Agronomía Mesoamericana 29, no. 3 (2018): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/ma.v29i3.32213.

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In Costa Rica, an urgent ex situ national conservation program for V. planifolia is needed due to the rarity, high risk of extinction in the wild and the economic importance; that places it, as the most profitable orchid worldwide. Due to the lack of research about wild species conservation and the importance to evaluate the agronomic performance of the wild-type relatives, as a strategy to increase the reduced genetic variability, the aim of this research was to evaluate the acclimatization capacity and morphogenetic performance of wild V. planifolia under nursery conditions. The effect of tw

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14

CAMPBELL, LISA M. "Use them or lose them? Conservation and the consumptive use of marine turtle eggs at Ostional, Costa Rica." Environmental Conservation 25, no. 4 (1998): 305–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892998000393.

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'Sustainable use' of wildlife resources and 'community based conservation' are two themes recurrent in contemporary statements of wildlife conservation policy, and their use is in response to a perceived 'deep conservation crisis' which has in part arisen from exclusionary and restrictive conservation practices. The extent to which the legal harvest of marine turtle eggs in Ostional, Costa Rica, is an example of sustainable use and community based conservation is evaluated in this paper. Field research using in-depth interviewing and a household questionnaire was undertaken in Ostional during

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15

SANCHO SALAS, ANDREA, DANIEL BUITRAGO CARAZO, ANDRES CHACON REDONDO, et al. "ARCHITECTURE ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE: DATA PROJECTION AND ENERGY SIMULATION OF TWO SCENARIOS FOR PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN COSTA RICA." DYNA 96, no. 4 (2021): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/9581.

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Climate change represents the biggest challenge in a global scale. Architecture should be able to adapt to this new conditions and ensure comfort and energy efficiency. The main goal of this research is to adapt existent public buildings and reach hygrothermal comfort for two climate change scenarios in Costa Rica. To determine the study zone three areas were analyzed: ecological, demographic and regional economic. Subsequently case studies are chosen through criteria to evaluate the impact of the intervention. A scaled bioclimatic analysis is done for each case and through a comparative analy

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16

Barnes, William A. "Incomplete Democracy in Central America: Polarization and Voter Turnout in Nicaragua and El Salvador." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 40, no. 3 (1998): 63–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/166200.

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Until relatively recently, the small, poor countries of Central America were typically regarded as particularly poor candidates for democratization, despite a good measure of early and sustained success in Costa Rica (Ebel 1972, 1984; Rosenberg 1987). Nevertheless, over the years 1984–1996, “transitions to democracy” have been realized throughout the region. Given the extremely negative economic conditions of the 1980s and 1990s and the extent and historical intractability of political violence in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Nicaragua, these transitions via peace processes and “elections of th

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17

Lee, Sang E. "Development or Despair? The Intentions and Realities of South-South Migration." Encuentro, no. 87 (December 9, 2010): 6–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/encuentro.v0i87.245.

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The literature on the motivations and the impacts of remittances sent by international migrants to their families and communities strongly focus on their economic impacts and the flows of money from the global North to the South. The driving factors for remittance sending, closely embedded in motivations for migration, often overlook the conditions in which remittances are not sent, where households do not prosper, and community development does not happen. This ethnographic study uses the case of Nicaraguan migration to Costa Rica to examine the lives of the families of migrants in the contex

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18

González-Mendoza, Julio Alfonso, and Marlen Del Socorro Fonseca-Vigoya. "Cadena de Valor Turismo de Salud del Área Metropolitana de Cúcuta." Respuestas 21, no. 1 (2016): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/0122820x.632.

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Antecedentes: La economía colombiana, se ha caracterizado por una amplia apertura y libre mercado, tanto que hoy tiene tratados comerciales con los bloques más importantes del mundo. Esta característica exige tener unas condiciones de alta competitividad y diversificación, por lo que los Gobiernos nacional y regional intentan impulsar algunos sectores que tradicionalmente han sido inexplotados como el turismo y específicamente el Turismo de Salud, con el fin de convertirlo en un sector de clase mundial, que coadyuve a generar fuentes de riqueza, empleo y diversificación de la economía. El Turi

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19

Brenes-Peralta, Laura Patricia, María F. Jiménez-Morales, and Rooel Campos-Rodríguez. "Food waste valorization through composting and bio-drying for small scale fruit processing agro-industries." INGENIERÍA Y COMPETITIVIDAD 23, no. 1 (2020): e9623. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/iyc.v23i1.9623.

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Agri-food industries entail a relevant economic activity, with major opportunities to improve food security, the economy, and the environmental performance of food systems. However, those opportunities can be challenged by Food Waste (FW), since estimates suggest that 55% of certain groups of food products, such as fruits and vegetables are lost or wasted along the food supply chain. The Latin American and Caribbean region is one of the most relevant in the world supply of fruits, based in a high number of small-scale farmers and agri-processors. Strategies that aid in better management of FW

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20

Maldonado, Tito, Jorge A. Amador, Erick R. Rivera, Hugo G. Hidalgo, and Eric J. Alfaro. "Examination of WRF-ARW Experiments Using Different Planetary Boundary Layer Parameterizations to Study the Rapid Intensification and Trajectory of Hurricane Otto (2016)." Atmosphere 11, no. 12 (2020): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11121317.

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Hurricane Otto (2016) was characterised by remarkable meteorological features of relevance for the scientific community and society. Scientifically, among the most important attributes of Otto is that it underwent a rapid intensification (RI) process. For society, this cyclone severely impacted Costa Rica and Nicaragua, leaving enormous economic losses and many fatalities. In this study, a set of three numerical simulations are performed to examine the skill of model estimations in reproducing RI and trajectory of Hurricane Otto by comparing the results of a global model to a regional model us

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21

Kostiuk, Ruslan. "Social-reformist Experiments in Latin America during the Cold War." Latin-american Historical Almanac 31, no. 1 (2021): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2021-31-1-83-105.

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The article is devoted to the consideration and analysis of the practical policy of Latin American national reformism and social reformism during the Cold War. The author shows that the political and ideological gamut of the non-communist left movement in Latin America in the bipolar period was very wide. Specifically in this scientific article, the author refers to examples of the exercise of power by different directions of the socialist movement in the Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Panama, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Peru, Chile. The author shows the existing connections between Latin American

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22

Baena, Verónica. "European franchise expansion into Latin America." Management Research Review 38, no. 2 (2015): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-08-2013-0185.

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Purpose This study aims to enhance the knowledge that managers and scholars have on franchising expansion. In this sense, it is worth mentioning that although the body of literature on international management focusing on emerging markets is growing, the attention paid to the Latin American context continues to be limited. This is surprising given the substantive economic importance of the region with a population over 590 million, and a gross domestic product of approximately US$5 trillion. To cover this gap, the present study examines how a number of market conditions may drive diffusion of

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23

Whalen, Brian. "Introduction." Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 9, no. 1 (2003): vii—x. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v9i1.112.

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This volume of Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad offers a wide variety of approaches and topics in international education research. First, readers will note the geographic diversity that the articles represent; they examine study abroad topics in Africa, Argentina, Costa Rica, France, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. Second, the articles cover a wide-range of issues, including language acquisition, risk management, recruitment of minority students for study abroad, evaluation of cultural integration, and financial inequities in study abroad. Third, this volume contains art

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24

"Certain Activities Carried Out by Nicaragua in the Border Area." International Law Reports 187 (2020): 1–543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0309067100065096.

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International Court of Justice — Provisional measures — Requirements for the indication of provisional measures — Prima facie jurisdiction — Jurisdiction under American Treaty on Pacific Settlement, 1948 (Pact of Bogotá) — Plausibility of rights claimed — Whether rights claimed by Costa Rica plausible — Irreparable damage — Whether rights claimed by Costa Rica at imminent risk of irreparable prejudiceInternational Court of Justice — Procedure — Control of proceedings — Joinder of proceedings — Counter-claims — Admissibility of counter-claims — Whether counter-claims of Nicaragua having direct

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25

Haq, Iqramul, Md Ismail Hossain, Maliha Afroj Zinnia, Md Rifat Hasan, and Imru-Al-Quais Chowdhury. "Determinants of the Early Childhood Development Index among children aged less than 5 years in Bangladesh, Costa Rica and Ghana: a comparative study." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, August 10, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/emhj.21.055.

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Background: Early child development is a crucial factor for children that controls health and well-being in later life. Aims: To determine the influence of sociodemographic factors on the Early Child Development Index (ECDI) among children aged < 5 years. Methods: The analysis was performed using cross-sectional survey data from 2019, 2017–2018 and 2018 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys from Bangladesh, Ghana and Costa Rica, respectively. We used the Chi-square test for bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression model for multivariate analysis for all 3 countries. All the statistica

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26

Bloom, David, Simiao Chen, and Mark McGovern. "The economic burden of noncommunicable diseases and mental health conditions: results for Costa Rica, Jamaica, and Peru." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 2018, 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2018.18.

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27

Hsing, Yu, and Antoinette S. Phillips. "Response of Output Fluctuations in Costa Rica to Exchange Rate Movements and Global Economic Conditions and Policy Implications." Research in Applied Economics 2, no. 2 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/rae.v2i2.476.

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28

Martínez Porras, Jessica. "Estado actual y perspectivas de la legislación urbana en Costa Rica." REVISTARQUIS 6, no. 1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/ra.v6i1.29210.

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ResumenEl estudio de los procesos de planificación en otras latitudes permite tener una referencia de la relación indisoluble que existe entre las diferentes escalas territoriales, así como las tendencias que actualmente se desarrollan en torno a las políticas urbanas. La visión estratégica del desarrollo territorial resulta esencial para promover la competitividad de las ciudades y garantizar una calidad de vida óptima. Para comprender la situación actual del desarrollo urbano en nuestro país, es necesario revisar los antecedentes históricos de los modelos económicos impulsados a inicios de l

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29

Beccaria, Luis, Roxana Maurizio, Martin Trombetta, and Gustavo Vázquez. "Short-term income mobility in Latin America in the 2000s: intensity and characteristics." Socio-Economic Review, January 5, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwaa043.

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Abstract The aim of this article is to compare the intensity and characteristics of short-term income mobility during the 2000s in Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay and Peru, countries with very dissimilar labor market structures and social protection coverage. This period is particularly relevant since Latin America experienced sustained economic growth together with improvements in labor and social conditions. Results show that the degree of mobility is higher in the region than in certain developed countries. The presence of a large number of income rises in all seven

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30

Galindo, Luis Miguel, Fernando Filgueira, Marike Blofield, and Carlos Alberto Francisco Cruz. "The fiscal cost of the provision of basic public services, subsidies for expenditure on food and basic citizen income per household in Costa Rica, Guatemala and El Salvador during the COVID-19 pandemic: An expenditure analysis." Latin American Economic Review, 2020, 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47872/laer-2020-29-4.

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The objective of this article is to estimate the fiscal costs, using income and expenditure surveys, of the provision of basic public services (electricity, water, telephone and internet) for the 40% of the population with the lowest incomes, the provision of a subsidy of 50% of actual food expenditure for the 40% of the population with the lowest incomes and the provision of a basic income per household equivalent to the value of the poverty line for households under the poverty line in Costa Rica, Guatemala and El Salvador during the COVID-19 pandemic. These fiscal options are a fundamental

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31

Galindo, Luis Miguel, Fernando Filgueira, Marike Blofield, and Carlos Alberto Francisco Cruz. "The fiscal cost of the provision of basic public services, subsidies for expenditure on food and basic citizen income per household in Costa Rica, Guatemala and El Salvador during the COVID-19 pandemic: An expenditure analysis." Latin American Economic Review, December 2020, 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47872/laer-2020-29-7.

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The objective of this article is to estimate the fiscal costs, using income and expenditure surveys, of the provision of basic public services (electricity, water, telephone and internet) for the 40% of the population with the lowest incomes, the provision of a subsidy of 50% of actual food expenditure for the 40% of the population with the lowest incomes and the provision of a basic income per household equivalent to the value of the poverty line for households under the poverty line in Costa Rica, Guatemala and El Salvador during the COVID-19 pandemic. These fiscal options are a fundamental

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32

Galindo, Luis Miguel, Fernando Filgueira, Marike Blofield, and Carlos Alberto Francisco Cruz. "The fiscal cost of the provision of basic public services, subsidies for expenditure on food and basic citizen income per household during the COVID-19 pandemic: An expenditure analysis." Latin American Economic Review, December 2020, 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47872/laer-2020-29-7s.

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The objective of this article is to estimate the fiscal costs, using income and expenditure surveys, of the provision of basic public services (electricity, water, telephone and internet) for the 40% of the population with the lowest incomes, the provision of a subsidy of 50% of actual food expenditure for the 40% of the population with the lowest incomes and the provision of a basic income per household equivalent to the value of the poverty line for households under the poverty line in Costa Rica, Guatemala and El Salvador during the COVID-19 pandemic. These fiscal options are a fundamental

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Pérez Rubi, Maria, and Jochen Hack. "Co-design of experimental nature-based solutions for decentralized dry-weather runoff treatment retrofitted in a densely urbanized area in Central America." Ambio, February 7, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01457-y.

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AbstractThe quality of water in many urban rivers in Latin America is increasingly degrading due to wastewater and runoff discharges from urban sprawl. Due to deficits in sanitary drainage systems, greywater is discharged to the stormwater drainage network generating a continuous dry-weather runoff that reaches rivers without treatment. One of the main challenges in the region is to achieve sustainable management of urban runoff for the recovery of rivers ecosystem integrity. However, retrofitting conventional centralized wastewater drainage networks into the existing urban grid represents imp

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34

López-Vergès, Sandra, Lorena Macías-Navarro, Alma Cristal Hernández-Mondragón, Eugenia Corrales-Aguilar, Marga Gual Soler, and Melania Guerra. "Closing the Gap Between Emerging Initiatives and Integrated Strategies to Strengthen Science Diplomacy in Latin America." Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics 6 (April 12, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frma.2021.664880.

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Science diplomacy is a fast-growing field of research, policy, and practice dedicated to understanding and reinforcing the connections between science and international affairs to tackle national, regional, and global issues. By aligning science and diplomacy, countries can attract talent, strengthen their national research ecosystems, provide avenues for participation of scientists in policy, and coordinate integrated solutions to challenges with technical dimensions. While Latin America has a long tradition of bilateral and regional cooperation, science still plays a marginal role in foreign

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