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Almomen, Adel Abdulkareem. "Innovation Output and the Cost of Funds." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955022/.
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Do firms with higher levels of innovation output, measured by patent counts and citations, enjoy lower costs of funds? The process to develop and apply for patents involves valuable resources. Thus, applying for a patent is a credible signal that the underlying invention is valuable. This value is validated to some degree when the patent is granted. In addition, patents contain detailed information about the firm's inventions and provide collateral value as they can be sold and licensed. The number of citations a firm receives act as a proxy for high-quality inventions, active networking, and pioneering. These attributes are expected to attract investors and reduce the cost of funds.
Univariate and cross-sectional regression analyses of a sample consisting of 404,595 firm-years, involving firms from twenty-eight countries spanning from 1976 to 2012, demonstrate a significant negative association between innovation output and the cost of funds. The evidence suggests that the marginal benefit of innovation diminishes as innovation output increases. The results are robust to different measures of the cost of equity and the cost of debt.
The negative association between the cost of equity and innovation output is economically larger for younger and smaller firms. The long-term level of innovation seems to be more important to shareholders than short-term changes of innovation. In addition, shareholders demonstrate an ability to discern between low and high-quality innovations, as they require lower rates of returns when initial patents exhibit a high quality. Shareholders place more value on innovation output when firms operate in countries with legal systems that are more effective in controlling self-dealing practices, in countries that have higher economic freedom, and in countries that have more developed financial markets.
The correlation between the cost of debt and innovation output is predominantly derived by larger, more mature, and more leveraged firms. Innovation output and the cost of debt are not correlated for low levels of innovation; however, medium and high levels of innovation output relative to peer firms are associated with lower costs of bonds. The findings suggest that the effect of innovation on the cost of debt is stronger in countries with more developed financial markets and in countries characterized by higher levels of economic freedom. Practices that control for self-dealing do not affect the association between innovation output and the cost of debt.
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Sokari, Ibukun Esther. "Technology innovation management in the Nigerian banking industry : integrating stakeholders' perspectives : an exploration of strategy and policy implications." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2445.
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Technology innovation is one of the defining attributes of the 21st century. The banking sector amongst other key sectors has embraced the use of new technologies to offer electronic banking (e-banking) services. E-banking has been introduced in various economies of the world as a way of delivering effective and efficient banking services. Despite the several benefits of e-banking technologies, many individual bank customers in Nigeria have not adopted most of the available channels. ATM has remained the most patronized compared to other channels such as the point of sales (POS), online banking and the mobile banking. Promotional offers and various publicity for these platforms by commercial banks as well as the introduction of the cash policy which made the use of these platforms mandatory have not yielded substantial outcome. Therefore, the researcher set out to carry out two interrelated studies in a bid to explore the levels of e-banking adoption by individual bank customers in Nigeria. Firstly, a comparative analysis of the starting conditions of e-banking in Nigeria and the UK was carried out using secondary sources of data. The second part of the study examined the significance of an extended model of Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DIT) on e-banking adoption in Nigeria. This extended model entails the addition of "cost variables" to the mix of Rogers’s five attributes of innovation diffusion (i.e. Relative Advantage, Complexity, Compatibility, Trialability and Observability). Cost variables according to this study are the three types of switching costs, the available complementary assets and the usefulness of available services. Based on this DIT extended model, adoption levels of five e-banking platforms: ATM; POS; Online banking; Mobile banking and telephone banking services were investigated. Data for this study were obtained from both the service providers (the commercial banks) and the service users (individual customers). NVivo 10 was used to analyse the qualitative data while ordinal regression modelling was utilised to analyse the quantitative data obtained. According to the findings of this research, the security of the platforms, need for a strategic enlightenment campaign as well as infrastructural development (i.e. internet and electricity) are the three key factors that are fundamental to increase adoption of e-banking platforms in Nigeria. Findings also reveal the peculiarity of each of the e-banking platforms as different variables significantly predict uptake of individual platforms while Compatibility, Observability, Gender and Education emerged as significant predictors of ATM. Compatibility, Trialability Procedural Switching Cost and Gender predict POS patronage. For online banking, Compatibility, Procedural Switching Cost, Gender and Education emerged as significant predictors of this platform while Financial Switching Cost, Relational Switching Cost, Age and Education significantly predict the use of mobile banking. Telephone banking is not currently available to individual bank customers in Nigeria and as such further discussions on the quantitative output were discontinued. Following the expert witness feedback of these key findings, the researcher concludes that it is imperative to critically assess the availability of the enabling mechanisms/structure before introducing an innovation such as e-banking. The importance of this assessment is to evaluate and carefully direct the approach to that which fits such innovation. Underestimating or ignoring the impact of these fundamental structures usually have a negative impact on adoption as evident in the findings of this research which pointed that the current level of infrastructure of the country does not support the uptake of this innovation. This study also concludes that, the security of the platforms, the development of e-banking enlightenment campaign and infrastructural inadequacies should be addressed. Furthermore, attempts to unify or adopt a singular approach to increase e-banking patronage will not yield a significant result because each platform is unique. Thus, subsequent governmental policies and the CBN dictates on e-banking adoption should be formulated or modified based on the consideration of the enabling mechanism. Banks should adopt specific strategies towards increasing the patronage each platform.
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Hu, Xiao Xia Public Health & Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Improving quality while reducing cost : an innovation journey." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20464.
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Background: Many innovative ideas have been proposed to manage and improve the quality and cost of clinical care. For many innovations, like Total Quality Management (TQM), the "black box" of implementation process is not well understood. Empirical work on the process of innovation implementation in health care is limited. Objective: This study was designed to explore how one organisation, Intermountain Health Care (IHC), an acute and primary health care provider in the USA, innovates in implementing TQM organisation-wide to improve and manage clinical quality. More broadly, the study aims to identify factors that contribute to innovation implementation in health care for clinical quality improvement, and to generate a model of innovation implementation in health care for clinical quality improvement. Method: This thesis takes a case study approach using multiple research methods. The main methods used comprise interviews with key personnel, assessment of organisational documents and a survey of clinicians' and managers' attitudes and beliefs. Findings: The main finding of the research is that innovation implementation at IHC was a journey, not a destination. Embedded in the journey were five periods and many actions and interactions, grouped into eleven elements. The five periods were: exposing to an innovative idea, embracing the idea, extending knowledge and experience on the idea, emerging of strategies to implement the idea organisation-wide, and enacting and adapting the strategies. The eleven elements were: gestation, shocks, plan, proliferation, fluid participation, setbacks, criteria shift, top executive involvement, relationships and infrastructure building, and adoption. To implement TQM organization-wide, integrated structures and systems were being instituted. The study found that resistance to change came from not only some physicians but also hospital administrators. The study also found that supportive environments played a critical role in the journey. While the TQM implementation at IHC resulted in some cost savings and some behavioural changes including clinical practice change, cultural change at the level of values and beliefs had yet to occur. Conclusion: A process-oriented integrative model of clinical service management is proposed. The elements of an innovation, the temporal change processes, lead to formation and changes of the ongoing organisational processes, which in turn evaluate and improve the important clinical processes. These processes integrate TQM with other quality improvement approaches; also ensure that quality is part of the dialogue between key stakeholders who are responsible for managing and improving clinical quality and costs. These processes also are capable of dealing with dilemmas faced in health care and the constantly created managerial ideas and clinical knowledge. Key Words: Innovation, Clinical Outcomes, Knowledge, Quality and Costs, TQM Management
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Morrison, James K. D. (James Kelley Douglas). "Game theory analysis of aircraft manufacturer innovation strategies in the face of increasing airline fuel costs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65505.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2011.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-113).<br>The air transportation system is a vital infrastructure that enables economic growth and provides significant social benefits. Future increases and volatility in crude oil prices, as well as environmental charges, are likely to increase the effective cost of fuel. I investigate the impacts of effective fuel cost increase on the US air transportation system historically and perform a game theory analysis of the impact of manufacturer competition on the introduction of new, more fuel efficient aircraft. The cost of jet fuel increased 244% between July 2004 and July 2008, providing a natural experiment to evaluate how fuel price increase affected continental US networks and fleets. It was found that non-hub airports serving small communities lost 12% of connections, compared to a system-wide average loss of 2.8%. Increased effective fuel costs will provide incentives for airlines to improve fleet fuel efficiency, reducing the environmental impacts of aviation, but may cause an uneven distribution of social and economic impacts if small communities suffer greater loss of mobility. Government action may be required to determine acceptable levels of access as the system transitions to higher fuel costs. Technology innovation may act as a long-term hedge against increasing effective fuel costs, enabling mobility to be maintained. The single aisle commercial aircraft market segment is the largest, but has the longest running product lines. I hypothesize that competition has important effects on manufacturers' decisions to innovate that must be considered when designing policies to reduce fleet emissions. An aircraft program valuation model is developed to estimate expected payoffs to manufacturers under competitive scenarios. A game theory analysis demonstrates how the incentives to innovate may be altered by subsidies, technology forcing regulations, increased effective fuel costs, the threat of new entrants, and long-term competitive strategies. Increased competition may result in incumbent manufacturers producing re-engined aircraft while increased effective fuel costs may result in new aircraft programs. Incumbents' optimal strategies may be to delay the entry of new single aisle aircraft until 2020-24, unless technology forcing regulations are implemented.<br>by James K. D. Morrison.<br>S.M.in Technology and Policy
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MASUWELY, FONDESON Melvin. "Provider Reactions and Cooperation Models in the Swedish Mobile Payment Space." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-159414.
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The convergence of mobile and social media, enabled by the ever-changing landscape of information and communication technologies and wireless technologies, has over the last decade, transformed our world into a Socio-Mobile Economy. Looking at the disruptive impact of this convergence on the global payment market, this study investigates the incentives behind different reactions and cooperation models that have been adopted by providers in the Swedish mobile payment market. The methodology of the study has been built on a combination of both theoretical and empirical bases. The theoretical base constitutes a literature review along the line of concepts such as innovation management, disruptive innovation, business model innovation, resource-based theory of the firm and the transaction cost theories, to identify existing gaps within the literature. The empirical base constitutes of qualitative in-depth interviews with three providers in the Swedish mobile payment market. The study shows three main reactions from the Swedish mobile payment providers. These providers have reacted to disrupt the disruption, attract a critical mass of customers, and to wrap their solutions with the right context. Currently, there is no cooperation between all three key input providers of a mobile payment solution, the banks, the MNOs and the card payment systems thus there are no full-integration or partial-integration models in the Swedish mobile payment market. Three cooperation models, the all-bank-centric, the MNO-centric and the light models were also identified in this market.
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Pollock, Rufus. "Should we give every cow its calf? : monopoly, competition and transaction costs in the promotion of innovation and creativity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/219191.
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The work presented here is part of a wider research programme oriented around three specific questions. First, how do individual agents appropriate returns from innovation and how is this affected by the availability (or not) of intellectual property rights such as copyrights and patents? Second, how does this translate into the aggregate production of knowledge, once one takes account of the interaction between producers and the cumulative nature of the process of knowledge production? Finally, How can we incorporate this into an estimate of the welfare trade-off inherent in intellectual property rights (the basic prerequisite for formulating rational IP policy)? The dissertation contains theoretical work on each of these questions together with a brief introductory preamble and a review of the existing literature on the economics of knowledge.
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Bohlin, Folke. "The making of a market : supply- and demand-side perspectives on institutional innovation in Sweden's wood fuel use /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-6316-5.pdf.
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Trčka, Vojtěch. "Návrh technologie obrábění pro výrobu součásti základna kamery." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230447.
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This thesis deals with streamlining of the process of machining parts Basis of camera in cooperation with PEVOT Products Ltd. The first part focuses on the analysis of existing machining technology in terms of technology, as well as an analysis of time consumed for assessing the effectiveness of the current machining process. The second part of the thesis focuses on the design of innovative technology machining of components and design postprocessor for manufacturing equipment VMC ZPS 560. In conclusion, both variants of production are evaluated. They developed the analyses of time consumed for the production of components and production costs.
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Dostálová, Tereza. "Návrh optimalizace modelu výpočtu nákladů pro inovovaný produkt." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377370.
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Diploma thesis is focused on optimization cost model for innovative product in production plant in Brno, in business AŽD Praha s. r. o. Based on theoretical knowledge and analysis of the current costing model of the original product version and the innovated version of the product, the design part will be optimized the cost calculation model for the innovative product and it will be proposed controlling concept of cost calculation. Described proposal for optimizing the cost calculation model leads to an overall improvement of the cost management system in AŽD Praha s. r. o.
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Costa, Jaciane Cristina. "Terceirização e inovação : análise de casos múltiplos de terceirização de tecnologia da informação." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/55124.
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O processo de terceirização da Tecnologia de Informação (TI) tem crescido nas últimas décadas, tanto em números de artigos publicados, quanto em evidências práticas desse processo. Estudos acadêmicos e prática empresarial reforçam a necessidade de entender esse fenômeno para que, com isso, a empresa possa obter sucesso. Devido à complexidade que envolve esse processo, vários estudos têm sido usados para entender tal fenômeno. Recentemente, estudos associados ao campo da inovação têm sido utilizados para entender melhor o processo de terceirização. Um dos questionamentos existentes nesses estudos refere-se ao fato da possibilidade de relacionamento entre terceirização de TI e inovação. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho traz como objetivo geral analisar a terceirização de TI como fonte externa de inovação. Para entender o objeto de estudo desta tese, foi desenvolvida uma base teórica com foco nas abordagens epistemológicas: das estratégias de terceirização de TI, inovação e Teoria dos Custos de Transação. Logo após, foram apresentados os métodos do trabalho, fundamentados em abordagem qualitativa exploratória e descritiva. Na abordagem qualitativa exploratória foram estudadas três emresas como casos iniciais: Gerdal, Yara e Springer. Na pesquisa qualitativa descritiva foram selecionadas quatro empresas: Energia 1, Energia 2, Automotivo 3 e Automotivo 4. No total foram realizadas 16 entrevistas, que foram interpretadas através da técnica de análise de conteúdo, com o auxílio do software MaXQDA. No caso da Energia 1, foram analisados os projetos relacionados ao GAFIX (Gestão Integrada de Ativos Elétricos) e GIS (Geographic Information System). Na Energia 2, o estudo focou nas soluções móbile e biométrica, gerando redução de perdas e danos. Na Automotivo 3, foi estudado o sistema de varejo para manufatura discreta. Na Automotivo 4, o foco foi a readaptação das soluções de transporte. Nos casos constatou-se que a relação terceirização de TI e inovação trata-se de um tema evidente, especialmente pelas complexas relações existentes entre seu relacionamento. Como pode ser observada na base teórica e na análise dos resultados, a materialização dos benefícios do processo de terceirização da TI envolve um profundo processo de análise das possibilidades de inovação, geradas entre clientes e fornecedores. Desse modo, o presente estudo pretendeu contribuir para a discussão dos estudos de terceirização de TI e inovação, incentivando futuros debates, que venham a contribuir para a evolução desse campo.<br>The process of outsourcing of Information Technology (IT) has grown in recent decades, both in numbers of articles published and in practical evidence. Academic studies and business practice reinforce the need to understand this phenomenon so that the company are more likely to succeed. The complexity involved in this process has fostered the use of many different methodological and theoretical approaches to understand this phenomenon. More recently, studies related to the field of innovation have been used to better capture the nature of the process of outsourcing. One of the questions addressed by these studies is the likely relationship between outsourcing and innovation. In this context, the present work primarily aims to analyze the relationship between outsourcing and external sources of innovation. To provide a better understanding of this subject, we developed a theoretical framework based on epistemological approaches: strategies for outsourcing, innovation and the theory of transaction costs. Then, we presented the thesis’ methodology, which is based on qualitative – exploratory and descriptive – analyses. First, in the exploratory stage, we studied three companies as early cases: Gerdau, Yara and Springer. After, in the descriptive study, we selected five companies: Energia 1, Energia 2, Automotivo 3 e Automotivo 4. 16 interviews were conducted in total. These interviews were interpreted using the technique of content analysis, supported by the software MaXQDA. In the case of Energia 1, GAFIX related projects (Integrated Asset Electric) and GIS (Geographic Information System) were analyzed. In Energia 2, we focused on mobile and biometric solutions, which ultimately reduce damages and losses for the company. In the Automotivo 3, we analyzed the retail system for discrete manufacturing. In Automotivo 4, the focus was on transportation solutions rehabilitation. Through the analysis of the aforementioned cases, we could draw the conclusion that the processes of IT outsourcing and innovation are an evident theme, especially amongst the complex relationship existent between partners. As we can see in both the theoretical mark and in the analysis of results, the exploitation of the benefits of IT outsourcing processes involves a thoroughly process of examining the possibilities of innovation, which is generated amongst customers and suppliers. Thus, this study aimed to contribute to IT outsourcing and innovation studies, encouraging further discussion, which may contribute to the evolution of this field.
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Ta, Mai-Thi. "Organisations complexes et conservation de la biodiversité : une approche systémique basée sur des études de cas d'entreprises multinationales et de l'agglomération parisienne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB018.
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Il est essentiel d'impliquer les entreprises multinationales (MNE) et les villes mondiales dans la conservation de la biodiversité. Ces organisations sont complexes et la manière dont les questions liées à la biodiversité peuvent être intégrées dans leurs activités reste floue. Cette thèse étudie quatre leviers d'action pour faire avancer le sujet : la réglementation, les pratiques d'approvisionnement, le processus de prise de décisions et la demande. La première étude mobilise la théorie économique des coûts de transaction pour analyser l'impact de la directive européenne dite CSRD (Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive) et montre comment la directive devrait se traduire par une plus grande disponibilité de données sur les MNE et la biodiversité, mais aussi par une information de faible qualité, reflétant mal l'impact réel des entreprises sur les écosystèmes. La deuxième étude décrit comment des dynamiques coévolutives favorise l'adaptation des organisations aux spécificités sociales, culturelles, écologiques, historiques et économiques des territoires d'approvisionnement des MNE, ce qui se facilite la création de bénéfices sociaux et écologiques. La troisième étude examine les processus décisionnels des multinationales à partir d'un échantillon de 16 multinationales françaises. Elle révèle des obstacles à plusieurs niveaux qui entravent une gestion efficace de la biodiversité, tout en suggérant des stratégies pour les surmonter. La quatrième étude examine la transformation organisationnelle induite par la demande à l'aide d'expériences de choix discret. Elle démontre que la prise en compte d'une demande hétérogène dans les politiques de renaturalisation peuvent accroître les avantages sociaux et écologiques générés<br>Involving multinational enterprises (MNEs) and world cities in biodiversity conservation is crucial. These organizations are complex, and how to integrate further biodiversity issues in their operations remains unclear. This thesis investigates four means of action to advance their consideration on the subject: regulation, supply practices, internal decision-making processes, and demand. The first study applies a transaction cost economics perspective to analyze the European Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive's impact on biodiversity disclosure. It describes how the directive should result in increased information availability but low-quality information, poorly reflecting the firms' actual impacts on ecosystems. The second study describes how co-evolutionary dynamics support organizational adaptations to social, cultural, ecological, historical and economic specificities of its sourcing territories, ultimately facilitating social and ecological benefits. The third study investigates MNCs' decision-making processes based on a sample of 16 French MNEs. It reveals multi-level obstacles hindering effective biodiversity management while suggesting strategies to overcome them. The fourth study investigates demand-driven organizational transformation using Discrete Choice Experiments. It demonstrates the potential of integrating demand characteristics into greening policies to enhance social and ecological benefits
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Ferro, Ana Flavia Portilho. "Oportunidades tecnologicas, estrategias competitivas e marco regulatorio : o uso sustentavel da biodiversidade por empresas brasileiras." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286944.
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Orientador: Maria Beatriz Machado Bonacelli, Ana Lucia Delgado Assad<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T05:24:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Ferro_AnaFlaviaPortilho_M.pdf: 1112928 bytes, checksum: 273c199fcb5f367ead5e1196dabee7e1 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2006<br>Resumo: A biodiversidade tem sido apontada como um elemento de importância estratégica devido, entre outros fatores, ao seu potencial como fornecedora de matéria-prima para diversos setores da economia. Diante deste quadro, mas também do de destruição deste patrimônio, têm se inserido muitas das atuais estratégias de empresas, as quais vêm procurando acompanhar e aproveitar o desenvolvimento de novas oportunidades tecnológicas abertas pelos mercados de produtos obtidos de forma ambientalmente responsável. A incorporação de modelos sustentáveis de uso dos recursos é, portanto, vista como um diferencial capaz de gerar vantagens competitivas. No entanto, falta ainda um ambiente institucional adequado para que o acesso a esses recursos se dê de modo a permitir a conservação dos mesmos, assim como a repartição dos benefícios advindos de sua exploração. Dessa forma, a presente dissertação de mestrado apresenta e discute de que forma algumas empresas brasileiras vêm utilizando em suas estratégias competitivas o potencial da biodiversidade como forma de criar e/ou de aproveitar novas oportunidades e explorar novos nichos de mercado, apontando as principais vantagens e limitações encontradas neste tipo de estratégia. Para tanto, analisa o processo de incorporação da variável ambiental pelo setor produtivo via abordagem evolucionista do processo de inovação discutindo, entre outros, os custos de transação aí envolvidos. Traz também a discussão sobre a construção do ambiente institucional, com foco no processo de regulamentação do acesso à biodiversidade no âmbito das diretrizes nacionais frente à Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica. Por último, analisa o potencial do mercado brasileiro de produtos obtidos de forma sustentável nos segmentos de fitoterápicos, cosméticos, extratos naturais e de manejo florestal por meio de quatro casos de empresas nacionais que vêm adotando em suas estratégias competitivas o uso sustentável da biodiversidade. Parece claro que a incorporação dos preceitos do desenvolvimento sustentável no uso da biodiversidade é uma tendência que vem se fortalecendo, principalmente em setores altamente dependentes de matéria-prima advinda da biodiversidade. Neste contexto, destaca-se a importância da geração de inovações para atender à demanda por novas práticas e tecnologias, assim como da conformação de um ambiente institucional capaz de estimular a incorporação da variável ambiental por todo o setor produtivo<br>Abstract: Biodiversity has been considered a strategic element due to, among other reasons, its potential as a raw material provider to many industry sectors. Nevertheless, the increasing degradation of the environment threatens this potential, therefore the urgency in the promotion of sustainable development. Motivated by this context, many companies are adopting, as part of their competitive strategies, the sustainable use of biodiversity so as to take advantage of new technological opportunities opened in the environmentally responsible products market. However, the institutional environment for the access to these resources is still under construction. Thus, the purpose of the present Master of Science dissertation is to analyze how some Brazilian companies are using the potential of biodiversity as part of their competitive strategies in order to create favorable market asymmetries. It also acknowledges the advantages and limitations concerning this strategy. Firstly, the incorporation of environmental issues by industry is analyzed. This analysis is based on the evolutionary approach of the innovation process, considering the transactional costs involved. Secondly, there is a discussion about the taken actions and the institutionalization process related to the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Brazil. Finally, this work presents the potential of the Brazilian environmentally responsible products market, focusing on phytoterapics, cosmetics, natural extracts and forestry. To illustrate this potential, the cases of four national companies are analyzed. This study has pointed out that the incorporation of the principles of sustainable development does not seem to be simply a temporary strategy, but a strong tendency especially to industry sectors highly dependent on biodiversity as raw material. Other issues addressed include the relevance of innovation to the generation of new proceedings and technologies as well as the importance of the conformation of a solid institutional environment<br>Mestrado<br>Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica<br>Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica
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Krkoška, Kamil. "Technická inovace jako nástroj ke zvýšení konkurenceschopnosti drátové pily na globálním trhu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224227.
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The diploma thesis is focused on the use of technical innovation as a tool for increasing competitiveness of the wire saw for cutting silicon. In the paper are described theoretical bases for solving of product innovation. Based on market analysis, customer feedback and the results of functional analysis, in the diploma thesis are proposed innovations, which should contribute to increase competitiveness of the product on the global market.
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Станько, Галина Василівна, та Galyna Stanko. "Інноваційні шляхи підвищення якості та конкурентоспроможності продукції підприємства (на прикладі перо-пухової фабрики “БІЛЛЕРБЕК – УКРАЇНА”)". Thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, 2013. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2609.
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Магістерська робота присвячена питанням формування інноваційних шляхів покращення якості продукції в системі менеджменту підприємства.
У роботі досліджено загальнотеоретичні основи якості продукції та витрат на її досягнення в системі менеджменту промислового підприємства. Проведено аналіз виробничо-господарської та фінансової діяльності перо-пухової фабрики “БІЛЛЕРБЕК – УКРАЇНА”, дано оцінку ефективності витрат та заходів щодо забезпечення якості продукції. Запропоновано інноваційні шляхи вирішення даної проблеми: покращити ергономічні показники якості продукції та створити на підприємстві відділ управління якістю; здійснити впровадження виробництва і розробки нових видів продукції – ортопедичних матраців; застосовувати найсучасніші види реклами. Визначено ефективність запропонованих заходів<br>Master's thesis is devoted to questions of innovative ways to improve product quality in the system management.
In this work the general theoretical foundations of product quality and cost of its achievements in the management system of industrial enterprise. An analysis of the economic and financial activities of feather and down factory "BILLERBEK–UKRAINE", assessed the cost-effectiveness and measures to ensure product quality. An innovative way to solve this problem: to improve the ergonomic quality products and create the enterprise quality management department, make the implementation of production and development of new products–mattresses, use the advanced types of advertising. Efficiency of the proposed measures
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Matvejeva, Arina. "Succès des organisations durant la transition institutionnelle : le complexe « microchirurgie de l'oeil » de S. N. Fyodorov." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO22031.
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Qu’est-ce qui détermine la survie et le succès des organisations à travers les différents régimes institutionnels? La présente étude tente à répondre à la question en analysant l’évolution d'une institution médicale publique russe, c. à. d. l'Institution de l'Etat Fédéral « Le Complexe Intersectoriel de Recherche et Technologie « Microchirurgie de l'Œil » de Rosmedtechnologie. L’étude s’étend sur quatre périodes bien définies: 1960-1985 (la Russie Soviétique, la période de pré-perestroïka), 1986-1991 (la perestroïka de Gorbatchev), 1992-2000 (la transition), et 2001-2009 (la Russie actuelle, la période post-Fyodorov). L’analyse se centre sur une coévolution des institutions externes et de la structure organisationnelle de l'entreprise, le système de droits de propriété, les tendances d'innovation et les canaux de diffusion technologique. Les conclusions suggèrent que l'environnement institutionnel général exerce une influence sur la performance de l'entreprise en déterminant « les règles du jeu » pour les transactions économiques et en établissant un ensemble de possibilités de développement. C'est alors les processus internes à l'entreprise, ses compétences dynamiques et sa capacité à innover qui déterminent si l'organisation peut s'adapter aux changements externes, reconnaître les possibilités de développement et en profiter. Par ailleurs, la direction (le leadership), le type de technologie et le niveau de sa diffusion, l’initial soutien de l'Etat, de même que la demande jouent un rôle apparent pour soutenir la performance réussie. Une structure multi-niveaux des récompenses de performance en combinaison avec les méthodes de traitement innovatrices (c. à. d. l’usage d’un conveyor chirurgical et la production en brigades) ont amené à des volumes de procédures cliniques performées plus élevées, de même que la qualité, la complexité et la diversité de traitement plus élevées. D’autant plus, pendant les étapes plus anciennes du développement de l’entreprise, la présence des inventeurs prolifiques et la structure organisationnelle qui soutenait l’apprentissage, la production et l’accumulation des connaissances (le cycle « clinique – ingénierie – approbation – production – clinique ») étaient cruciaux pour la création d’une base d’innovation persistante. Pendant les périodes plus récentes, la combinaison d’accès aux ressources (matérielles, financières, capital humain), les collaborations externes, les méthodes innovatrices d’organisation de traitement, la diffusion extensive des technologies inter- et intra-firme ont aussi contribué à des hauts niveaux d’innovation. Au total, le travail soutient une approche interdisciplinaire à l’étude des organisations, c. à. d. une combinaison de l'analyse institutionnelle, l’économie évolutionnaire et l’économie dynamique d’organisations, le management stratégique, l’économie d'innovation, l’analyse des droits de propriété et le rôle de leadership<br>What determines organizational survival and success across different institutional regimes? The present historical case study attempts to answer the question by analyzing the evolution of a Russian state medical institution, i.e. the S.N. Fyodorov “Inter-Sectoral Research and Technology Complex “Eye Microsurgery””. The study spans over four clearly defined regimes: 1960 – 1985 (Soviet Russia, pre-perestroika period), 1986 – 1991 (Gorbachev’s perestroika), 1992 – 2000 (the transition years), and 2001 – 2009 (current Russia, post-Fyodorov period). The analysis focuses on the co-evolution of the external institutions and the firm’s organizational structure, the system of property rights, innovation patterns and the channels of technological diffusion. The findings suggest that the general institutional environment exerts influence on the firm’s performance through determining the “rules of the game” for economic transactions and through establishing a set of development possibilities. It is then the firm’s internal processes, dynamic competences and the ability to innovate that determine whether the organization can adapt to external changes, recognize the development possibilities and take advantage of them. In addition, the roles of leadership, the type of technology and its diffusion scope, initial State support, as well as the extent of demand are apparent in sustaining successful performance. Multi-level high performance rewards structure in combination with novel industrialized treatment methods (e.g. the use of a surgical conveyer and team production) resulted in greater volumes of clinical procedures performed, as well as higher quality, complexity and diversity of treatment. In addition, at the earlier stages of the firm’s development, the presence of prolific innovators and the organizational structure that supported learning, knowledge production and accumulation (the “clinic – engineering – approbation – production – clinic” cycle) were crucial for creating a basis for persistent innovation. In later periods, the combination of resource availability (material, financial, human capital), external collaborations, novel ways of organizing treatment, extensive inter and intra-firm diffusion of technologies also contributed to high levels of innovation. Overall, the work provides support for an interdisciplinary approach to the study of organizations, i.e. combining institutional analysis, evolutionary and dynamic organizational economics, strategic management, the economics of innovation, the analysis of property rights and the role of leadership
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Замула, Олена Василівна. "Управління інформаційними витратами переробних підприємств". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/20381.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата економічних наук за спеціальністю 08.00.04 – економіка та управління підприємствами (за видами економічної діяльності). – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2016. Дисертація присвячена вирішенню теоретичних, методичних та практичних задач в сфері управління інформаційними витратами переробних підприємств. В роботі запропоновано визначення поняття "інформаційні витрати" як грошового вираження ресурсів, які використані підприємством для здійснення інформаційного процесу. Розвинуто класифікацію інформаційних витрат, в якій ознаки згруповані за трьома напрямами: статистичним, управлінським та фінансово-податковим. За типом інформаційного процесу запропоновано розрізняти інформатизаційні, інноваційні та інтелектуальні інформаційні витрати. Розроблено методичні рекомендації до оцінки рівня інформаційних витрат, для чого запропоновано використовувати показники: рівень капітальних інформаційних витрат, інтегральні показники факторів впливу на рівні поточних інформаційних витрат та втрат. Удосконалено систему управління інформаційними витратами, яка ґрунтується на запровадженні інформатизаційних, інноваційних та інтелектуальних центрів витрат. Встановлено основні заходи з управління інформаційними витратами переробних підприємств: формування портфелю інвестицій в інформаційні продукти і послуги довготривалого використання (споживання); прийняття рішень щодо нетривалого споживання (здійснення) інформаційних послуг, а також придбання (виробництва) малоцінних та швидкозношуваних інформаційних продуктів, моніторинг та оптимізація інформаційних втрат. Практична реалізація рекомендацій сприяє виявленню резервів зростання ефективності діяльності переробних підприємств в частині формування та використання ресурсів на здійснення інформаційного процесу.<br>Dissertation on the receipt of scientific degree of candidate in economic science by speciality 08.00.04 – economics and management enterprises (by types of economic activity). – National Technical University "Kharkiv Politechnical Institute", 2016. The thesis is devoted to the theoretical, methodological and practical problems in management information costs of processing enterprises. The paper presents the definition of information costs as the monetary value of resources used to implement the information process. The thesis provides a classification of information costs in which the criteria are grouped in three areas: statistical, administrative, financial and tax developed ones. According to the type of information process it is suggested to distinguish between information technology, innovative and intelligent information costs. The thesis provides guidelines assessing the level of information costs, which suggests using the following indicators: the level of capital information costs, integrated indices of factors influencing the level of current information costs and losses. The management system of information costs has been improved. It is based on the introduction of information technology, innovation and intelligent costs center. There are basic measures to manage the information costs of processing enterprises: formation of a portfolio of investments in information products and services of long-term use (consumption); decision-making to shorten consumption (provision) of information services and purchase (production) of low value information products, monitoring and optimization of information losses. A two-dimensional matrix has been developed that allows selecting a set of management measures for optimization of information costs depending on the level of capital information costs and the level of information losses. The optimal level of capital information costs is achieved by forming the portfolio of investments in information technology, innovative and intelligent products (services) of long-term use (consumption). The level of risk and efficiency are the criteria to select the type of portfolio. The methodical approach has been developed which allows minimizing the information losses to make a decision as for brief consumption (provision) of information services. Practical implementation of these recommendations helps identify sources of increased efficiency of processing enterprises in the formation and use of resources for the implementation of the information process.
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Олефіренко, Олег Михайлович, Олег Михайлович Олефиренко та Oleh Mykhailovych Olefirenko. "Маркетингова збутова політика інноваційно активних промислових підприємств". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/75112.
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У дисертації наведено теоретичне узагальнення й запропоновано нове розв’язання наукової проблеми розвитку теоретико-методологічних засад і методичного забезпечення формування та реалізації маркетингової збутової політики інноваційно активних промислових підприємств. Здійснено структуризацію підходів до визначення сутності інновацій; виявлено основні тренди в розвитку інноваційної діяльності в Україні за 2014– 2018 рр.; визначено специфіку, основні принципи та логіко-структурну схему формування й реалізації маркетингової збутової політики інноваційно активних промислових підприємств; удосконалено методологію обґрунтування факторів впливу на їх збутовий потенціал; виявлено закономірності залежності ефективності його використання від циклічності розвитку економіки та рентабельності продажів інноваційної продукції; обґрунтовано детермінанти зростання її рівня; удосконалено методологічне підґрунтя оптимізації джерел фінансування інновацій та структури витрат на маркетинг і збут промислових підприємств, визначення ефективності реалізації інноваційних проектів та конкурентної позиції інноваційно активних промислових підприємств України, вибору ними стратегії реалізації маркетингової збутової політики, формування регіональної збутової мережі, визначення оптимальних меж місткості ринку інноваційної продукції та центрів активізації впливу на цих ринках.<br>The thesis is aimed to develop theoretical basis methodology and methodical support for forming and realization of the marketing sales policy of innovatively active industrial enterprises of Ukraine. Marketing sales policy of innovatively active industrial enterprises should be simultaneously based on traditional principles of marketing, sales policy, innovation, as well as specific principles among that principles market potentiality, limited rationality, extended cyclicality, advance and parity adjustments were substantiated. Design and implementation of marketing sales policy were proposed to conduct by conforming the determinants of the current level of innovatively active industrial enterprises sales potential and opportunities for its expanding, network and structure innovative production distribution channels transformation, optimization of marketing and sales costs, stage of enterprise and products life cycles, market competitive relations and enterprise competitive position and sales profile, prospects of cooperation with other companies. Dependence of innovatively active industrial enterprises’ sales potential from the influence of internal managerial, productive and commercial parameters was assessed by logit-regression model of the sales volume binary indicator response on the changes in the levels of staff qualification, technological readiness of the enterprise to innovative updates, concentration and loyalty of customer base, product line innovation and cost-effectiveness of sales. Increasing the volume of financing of innovative production sales relatively to the total sales costs, as well as increasing customer loyalty were defined the main determinants of an expanse of the sales potential utilization efficiency for innovatively active industrial enterprises in engineering based on the multiple regression analysis results. The hypothesis about dependence of innovatively active enterprises’ sales potential utilization efficiency from the cycle of innovative production sales profitability and economic cycle was substantiated and empirically confirmed. Therefore, the imposition of internal sales profitability cycle on the macroeconomic cycle determines an occurrence of time lags in the sales potential utilization efficiency of innovatively active industrial enterprises. Trend-cycles models of time series developed in the thesis allow revealing the duration of GDP cycle for Ukraine, individual cycles of sales profitability for innovatively active industrial enterprises in engineering and time lags of reaction of sales potential efficiency on marketing sales policy measures implementation. The methodology and methodical instruments of the optimization of sources of innovations financing structure was improved in the thesis. The offered approach is based on nonlinear econometric modeling taking into account existing limitations of potentially available volumes of different financial sources evaluated by the system of one-factor and multiple linear and non-linear equations of financial resources volumes dependency from different economic factors. The new methodology of optimizing the costs on implementing marketing sales policy of innovatively active industrial enterprises was performed in the thesis. It provides formalizing the relationship between sales costs, revenue of enterprise and demand on innovation production and estimating the level of sales costs corresponding to the maximum level of innovatively active industrial enterprises revenue, determined by discrete Fourier transformation and regression analysis. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of innovative projects implementation by Ukrainian companies in the thesis combination of an additive model of estimating a set of efficiency parameters and a trinomial model of cost formation was proposed. In the thesis it is substantiated, that identification the competitive position of innovatively active industrial enterprises in the sale of innovative production have to be carried out by determining the integral indicator of competition and its spectral analysis; evaluation the structure of marketing sales policy channels and definition of the competitive position of enterprises in each of the innovation policy sales channels. This made it possible to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the innovatively active enterprises in engineering industry, as well as to form strategic directions for the intensification of the marketing sales policy tools in terms of price, market and financial channels of its implementation. In the thesis methodology for determining the optimal capacity limits of the innovatively active enterprises in engineering industry market of Ukraine was offered. Market capacity should be defined as a ratio of the sales (lower limit) and market potential (upper limit), which maximizes the efficiency of the engineering market, which was realized by the use of regression analysis, Harrington function and game theory. The strategy of marketing sales policy of the innovatively active industrial enterprises should be chosen on the basis of an analysis of the position of the enterprise in a three-dimensional matrix, the coordinates of which are generalized indicators of market capacity, the profile of innovative products, the level of competitiveness of the innovatively active industrial enterprise in the innovative production sales market. Methodical principles of grouping of innovatively active, innovatively inactive industrial enterprises of Ukraine and industrial enterprises implementing organizational and marketing innovations were deepened on the basis of k-means cluster analysis, construction of tree dendrograms and two-way joining procedure. The methodology of identification of the centers of activation and directions of influence of the innovatively active industrial enterprises marketing sales policy, which was offered in the thesis provides formalizing the explicit and implicit links between the countries in the course of implementing the marketing policy of the innovatively active industrial enterprises by the methods of cognitive analysis, taking into account the specificity and progress of the economic development of the partner countries.
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Замула, Олена Василівна. "Управління інформаційними витратами переробних підприємств". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/20379.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата економічних наук за спеціальністю 08.00.04 – економіка та управління підприємствами (за видами економічної діяльності). – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2016.
Дисертація присвячена вирішенню теоретичних, методичних та практичних задач в сфері управління інформаційними витратами переробних підприємств. В роботі запропоновано визначення поняття "інформаційні витрати" як грошового вираження ресурсів, які використані підприємством для здійснення інформаційного процесу. Розвинуто класифікацію інформаційних витрат, в якій ознаки згруповані за трьома напрямами: статистичним, управлінським та фінансово-податковим. За типом інформаційного процесу запропоновано розрізняти інформатизаційні, інноваційні та інтелектуальні інформаційні витрати. Розроблено методичні рекомендації до оцінки рівня інформаційних витрат, для чого запропоновано використовувати показники: рівень капітальних інформаційних витрат, інтегральні показники факторів впливу на рівні поточних інформаційних витрат та втрат. Удосконалено систему управління інформаційними витратами, яка ґрунтується на запровадженні інформатизаційних, інноваційних та інтелектуальних центрів витрат. Встановлено основні заходи з управління інформаційними витратами переробних підприємств: формування портфелю інвестицій в інформаційні продукти і послуги довготривалого використання (споживання); прийняття рішень щодо нетривалого споживання (здійснення) інформаційних послуг, а також придбання (виробництва) малоцінних та швидкозношуваних інформаційних продуктів, моніторинг та оптимізація інформаційних втрат. Практична реалізація рекомендацій сприяє виявленню резервів зростання ефективності діяльності переробних підприємств в частині формування та використання ресурсів на здійснення інформаційного процесу.<br>Dissertation on the receipt of scientific degree of candidate in economic science by speciality 08.00.04 – economics and management enterprises (by types of economic activity). – National Technical University "Kharkiv Politechnical Institute", 2016.
The thesis is devoted to the theoretical, methodological and practical problems in management information costs of processing enterprises. The paper presents the definition of information costs as the monetary value of resources used to implement the information process. The thesis provides a classification of information costs in which the criteria are grouped in three areas: statistical, administrative, financial and tax developed ones. According to the type of information process it is suggested to distinguish between information technology, innovative and intelligent information costs. The thesis provides guidelines assessing the level of information costs, which suggests using the following indicators: the level of capital information costs, integrated indices of factors influencing the level of current information costs and losses. The management system of information costs has been improved. It is based on the introduction of information technology, innovation and intelligent costs center. There are basic measures to manage the information costs of processing enterprises: formation of a portfolio of investments in information products and services of long-term use (consumption); decision-making to shorten consumption (provision) of information services and purchase (production) of low value information products, monitoring and optimization of information losses. A two-dimensional matrix has been developed that allows selecting a set of management measures for optimization of information costs depending on the level of capital information costs and the level of information losses. The optimal level of capital information costs is achieved by forming the portfolio of investments in information technology, innovative and intelligent products (services) of long-term use (consumption). The level of risk and efficiency are the criteria to select the type of portfolio. The methodical approach has been developed which allows minimizing the information losses to make a decision as for brief consumption (provision) of information services. Practical implementation of these recommendations helps identify sources of increased efficiency of processing enterprises in the formation and use of resources for the implementation of the information process.
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Soares, Thiago José Cysneiros Cavalcanti. "Criação de spin-offs à luz da teoria dos custos de transação: uma investigação em universidades e institutos de pesquisa da região sudeste do Brasil." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3786.
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-26<br>Spin-off companies can be defined as firms founded to exploit intellectual property or specific capabilities developed at universities and research institutes. In this context, the main goal of this work was to understand from the perspective of Transaction Costs Theory which are the main factors responsible for the creation of such companies in universities and research institutes of southeastern Brazil. In order to do so, a survey was conducted with the Technology Transfer Offices directors of 102 universities and research institutes of this region. Through a literature review in academic entrepreneurship, creation of spin-offs, Transaction Costs Theory and Brazilian innovation system it was possible to develop a theoretical and conceptual model for the creation of spin-off companies. This model indicates that the likelihood of spin-offs creation increases with: (1) low information seeking costs; (2) low bargaining costs; (3) high degree of interaction between researchers and technology transfer offices; and (4) policies aimed to the reduction of transaction costs within the creation process of these companies. The results were investigated through a descriptive analysis and using two separate regression techniques. The first technique used was a logistic regression, which related the (non) existence of spin-offs to the independent variables proposed by the theoretical and conceptual model. The second technique, in turn, was a linear regression using as dependent variable the number of spin-off companies at the investigated institutions per thousand researchers. The data analysis indicated there were signs that lower information seeking costs, high degree of interaction between researchers and technology transfer offices, as well as the existence of policies aimed to reduce transaction costs in the spin-off creation process are favorable for the generation of these companies. Though, there was no evidence that suggest bargaining costs influence the likelihood of the creation of spin-offs at universities and research institutes.<br>Empresas do tipo spin-off podem ser definidas como negócios fundados com o intuito de explorar propriedade intelectual ou competências específicas desenvolvidas em universidades e institutos de pesquisa. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi entender, sob a ótica de Teoria dos Custos de Transação, quais são os fatores determinantes para a criação dessas empresas em universidades e institutos de pesquisa da região sudeste do Brasil. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento do tipo survey juntamente aos dirigentes dos Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológica NIT de 102 universidades e institutos de pesquisa dessa região. Por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica em empreendedorismo acadêmico, criação de spin-offs, Teoria dos Custos de Transação e sistema de inovação brasileiro, foi possível a elaboração de um modelo teórico-conceitual para a criação de spin-offs. Esse modelo indica que a propensão de criação de spin-offs aumenta com: (1) baixos custos de busca de informações; (2) baixos custos de negociação; (3) alto grau de interação entre pesquisadores e escritórios de transferência de tecnologia; e (4) políticas direcionadas à diminuição dos custos de transação no processo de criação dessas empresas. Os resultados encontrados foram investigados por meio de uma análise descritiva e de duas técnicas de regressão distintas. A primeira técnica utilizada foi uma regressão logística, que relacionou a existência de spin-offs às variáveis independentes propostas no modelos teórico-conceitual. A segunda técnica, por sua vez, foi uma regressão linear que teve como variável dependente a quantidade de spin-offs criadas nas instituições investigadas a cada mil pesquisadores. A análise dos dados indicou que houve sinais de que baixos custos de busca de informações, alto grau de interação entre pesquisadores e escritórios de transferência de tecnologia, assim como a existência de políticas que diminuam os custos de transação no processo de criação de spin-offs são favoráveis para a geração dessas empresas. Não houve indícios de que os custos de negociações tenham influência na propensão de criação de spin-offs. Empresas do tipo spin-off podem ser definidas como negócios fundados com o intuito de explorar propriedade intelectual ou competências específicas desenvolvidas em universidades e institutos de pesquisa. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi entender, sob a ótica de Teoria dos Custos de Transação, quais são os fatores determinantes para a criação dessas empresas em universidades e institutos de pesquisa da região sudeste do Brasil. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento do tipo survey juntamente aos dirigentes dos Núcleos de Inovação Tecnológica NIT de 102 universidades e institutos de pesquisa dessa região. Por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica em empreendedorismo acadêmico, criação de spin-offs, Teoria dos Custos de Transação e sistema de inovação brasileiro, foi possível a elaboração de um modelo teórico-conceitual para a criação de spin-offs. Esse modelo indica que a propensão de criação de spin-offs aumenta com: (1) baixos custos de busca de informações; (2) baixos custos de negociação; (3) alto grau de interação entre pesquisadores e escritórios de transferência de tecnologia; e (4) políticas direcionadas à diminuição dos custos de transação no processo de criação dessas empresas. Os resultados encontrados foram investigados por meio de uma análise descritiva e de duas técnicas de regressão distintas. A primeira técnica utilizada foi uma regressão logística, que relacionou a existência de spin-offs às variáveis independentes propostas no modelos teórico-conceitual. A segunda técnica, por sua vez, foi uma regressão linear que teve como variável dependente a quantidade de spin-offs criadas nas instituições investigadas a cada mil pesquisadores. A análise dos dados indicou que houve sinais de que baixos custos de busca de informações, alto grau de interação entre pesquisadores e escritórios de transferência de tecnologia, assim como a existência de políticas que diminuam os custos de transação no processo de criação de spin-offs são favoráveis para a geração dessas empresas. Não houve indícios de que os custos de negociações tenham influência na propensão de criação de spin-offs.
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Maia, Fabrício Simplício. "Sistema tecnológico de inovação, atributos do custo de transação e capacidade relacional na indústria de biotecnologia humana." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2013. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/814.
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Previous issue date: 2013-11-07<br>Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo<br>This study aimed to explore in a deductive way the relationship between constructs: STI biotechnology, considered at the regional level, the relational capabilities of human biotechnology companies, and the attributes of the transaction costs of alliances in Brazil. The universe considered were companies operating in the biotechnology industry. The sample was composed of companies active in human health biotechnology industry in the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul. The levels of analysis were the constructs: Technological Innovation System, Attributes of Cost Transaction and Capacity Relational. The unit of analysis was the contractual strategic alliances formalized by the companies. A structural sample was developed and measurement consists of causal relationships based on existing theory. From the sample, latent variables were defined at first, second and third order and measurable indicators. Data were collected in two ways: access to secondary data, provided by the government and private organizations, access to primary data through structured interviews with managers or people directly connected with the management of strategic alliances contractual process. To test the measurement model, it was conducted to the analysis of structural equation modeling method solved by Partial Least Squares. The results show that the dynamics of Technological Innovation System influences the frequency of transactions, but it proved not to be enough to change the nature of the uncertainty of transactions, as well as in relation to the Assets Specificity. The Technological Innovation System also positively influenced but not statistically significant the Relational Capacity, demonstrating not to be, by itself, capable of generating development of this type of dynamic capability. The ratio of positive influence of Attributes Transaction Cost in the development of relational capacity was confirmed. The moderation hypothesis was confirmed, making it possible to say that allowing the Technological Innovation System strengthens the relationship between the attributes of the Transaction Cost and Relational Capacity. The paper finally presents theoretical and methodological contributions arising from analysis of the relationships discussed practical contributions to managers of companies operating in the industry and for the formulation of public policies whose goal is regional and economic development of the biotechnology industry, human health in Brazil.<br>Esse estudo teve como objetivo explorar de forma dedutiva a relação entre os construtos: STI de biotecnologia, considerado no nível regional; a capacidade relacional das empresas de biotecnologia humana; e os atributos dos custos de transações de alianças no Brasil. O universo considerado foram as empresas que atuam na indústria de biotecnologia. A amostra foi composta pelas empresas atuantes na indústria de biotecnologia saúde humana, nos estados de São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná e Rio Grande do Sul. Os níveis de análise foram os construtos: Sistema Tecnológico de Inovação, Atributos dos Custos de Transação e Capacidade Relacional. A unidade de análise foram as alianças estratégicas contratuais formalizadas pelas empresas. Foi elaborado um modelo estrutural e de mensuração composto por relações causais baseadas na teoria existente. A partir do modelo, definiram-se variáveis latentes de primeira, segunda e terceira ordem e indicadores mensuráveis. Os dados foram coletados de duas formas: acesso a dados secundários, disponibilizados por organizações governamentais e privadas; acesso aos dados primários por meio de entrevistas estruturadas realizadas com gestores ou pessoas diretamente ligadas ao processo de gestão das alianças estratégicas contratuais. Para testar o modelo de mensuração procedeu-se à análise da modelagem de equações estruturais resolvido pelo método Partial Least Squares. Os resultados mostram que a dinamicidade do Sistema Tecnológico de Inovação exerce influência na Frequência das transações, mas demonstrou não ser suficiente para alterar a natureza da Incerteza das transações, bem como em relação à Especificidade dos Ativos. O Sistema Tecnológico de Inovação ainda influenciou de forma positiva, mas não estatisticamente significativa a Capacidade Relacional, demonstrando não ser, por si só, capaz de gerar desenvolvimento desse tipo de capacidade dinâmica. Foi confirmada a relação de influência positiva dos Atributos do Custo de Transação no desenvolvimento da Capacidade Relacional. Quanto à hipótese de moderação, foi confirmada, possibilitando dizer que o Sistema Tecnológico de Inovação reforça a relação entre os Atributos do Custo de Transação e a Capacidade Relacional. O trabalho, por fim apresenta contribuições teóricas e metodológicas advindas das análises das relações discutidas, contribuições práticas para os gestores das empresas que atuam na indústria e para a formulação de políticas públicas cuja meta seja o desenvolvimento regional e econômico da indústria de biotecnologia, saúde humana, no Brasil.
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Marinescu, Ioana. "Coûts et procédures de licenciement, croissance et innovation technologique." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0038.
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Le droit des travailleurs de faire appel au juge pour contester leur licenciement génère des coûts pour les firmes. Quel est l'effet économique de ces coûts ? En exploitant un changement dans la loi anglaise, on montre comment une augmentation des coûts de licenciement peut diminuer la probabilité de licenciement et vraissemblablement accroître la qualité des appariements, et donc la productivité. Nous étudions ensuite la relation entre ces coûts de licenciement et le cycle économique. Ainsi, en France le taux de recours aux cours du travail (prud'hommes) est pro cyclique. De plus, en France comme au Royaume-Uni, les procès pour licenciement irrégulier sont décidés plus souvent en faveur des firmes lorsque le chômage est plus élevé. Enfin, nous posons la question de savoir si les firmes innovantes ont un mode de financement spécifique. Nous montrons que c'est en effet le cas : en particulier, plus une firme devient innovante, moins elle utilise la dette pour se financer<br>The right for workers to challenge their dismissal at court generates costs for firms. What is the economic impact of these costs? Using a change in British law, we show how an increase in firing costs can diminish the probability of termination and likely increase the quality of matches, and hence productivity. We then study the relationship between these firing costs and the economic cycle. Thus, in France the rate of appeal to labour courts (prud'hommes) is pro cyclical. Moreover in France as the United Kingdom, trials for irregular dismissal are more often decided in favor of firms when unemployment is higher. Lastly, we ask if innovative firms use a specific type of finance. We show that this indeed the case : in particular, the more innovative a firm gets, the less it uses debt as a source of finance
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Gning, Fatima. "Construction d’une usine pharmaceutique : impératifs réglementaires, sécuritaires et de rentabilité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ASSA0078.
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L’industrie pharmaceutique est continuellement confrontée à d’importantes mutations qui redéfinissent sans cesse l’équilibre entre la protection de la santé publique et les stratégies de développement économique des sociétés pharmaceutiques. Le marché du médicament est le terrain de forts enjeux économiques pour la France et l’accroissement de ses parts de marché mondial reste une préoccupation majeure. L’atteinte de cet objectif semble se faire autour d’un premier axe ayant trait au développement du génie génétique. Le second axe concerne la construction de nouvelles usines de production à l’échelle nationale et internationale dans le but d’augmenter ses capacités de production. Or, la construction de nouvelles usines pharmaceutiques ayant vocation à concevoir, fabriquer puis commercialiser des médicaments à usage humain s’avère difficultueuse du fait de la conjugaison du droit pharmaceutique, matière ésotérique par nature, et du droit de la construction qui abonde de sujets éminemment techniques. A cela s’ajoute sa finalité qui est d’assurer et préserver la santé du patient tout au long du cycle de vie du médicament, d’innover, d’augmenter les capacités de production, tout en répondant aux plus hauts standards de fabrication. Une telle initiative est d’autant plus audacieuse dans un contexte géopolitique fortement fragilisé par la pandémie de 2020 puis le conflit Russo-Ukrainien qui a exacerbé la pénurie et l’allongement des délais d’approvisionnement de nombreuses matières premières, a provoqué un renchérissement historique de leur coût et de fait, du coût global de réalisation des projets de construction<br>The pharmaceutical industry is continually confronted with major changes that constantly redefine the balance between the protection of public health and the economic development strategies of pharmaceutical companies. The drug market is the terrain of major economic challenges for France and increasing its global market share remains a major concern. The achievement of this objective seems to be done around a first axis relating to the development of genetic engineering. The second axis concerns the construction of new production plants on a national and international scale in order to increase its production capacities. However, the construction of new pharmaceutical factories intended to design, manufacture and then market drugs for human use is proving difficult due to the combination of pharmaceutical law, an esoteric matter by nature, and construction law, which abounds in subjects that are eminently techniques. Added to this is its purpose, which is to ensure and preserve the health of the patient throughout the life cycle of the drug, to innovate, to increase production capacities, while meeting the highest manufacturing standards. Such an initiative is all the more daring in a geopolitical context strongly weakened by the 2020 pandemic and then the Russo-Ukrainian conflict which exacerbated the shortage and the extension of supply times for many raw materials, caused a historic increase their cost and, in fact, the overall cost of carrying out construction projects
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Agarwal, Nivedita [Verfasser], and Björn [Akademischer Betreuer] Ivens. "Innovation Landscape in developed and developing markets. A conceptual and empirical study on technology convergence and low cost innovations / Nivedita Agarwal. Betreuer: Björn Ivens." Bamberg : University of Bamberg Press, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1113009969/34.
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Chen, Bo. "Stratégies et Management de l'Innovation de Rupture dans les Pays Emergents : le cas du Véhicule Electrique en Chine." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX008/document.
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Le marché du véhicule électrique (VE) en Chine est en pleine effervescence, mais les constructeurs occidentaux peinent à y déployer leurs produits. Pourtant, les crédits d’émissions carbone générés par les ventes de VE sont nécessaires à la survie de leur business de véhicules thermiques dans ce marché. Dès lors, quelles sont les pistes stratégiques à fort potentiel pour les constructeurs étrangers ?En collaboration avec Renault et basée sur cinq missions en Chine entre 2012 et 2016, cette thèse CIFRE dresse d’abord un état de l’art de l’opaque marché du VE en Chine, à la fois généré top-down par des initiatives gouvernementales et bottom-up par des VE low-cost et illégaux, les Micro VE. Nous réalisons une typologie des modèles, des usages, des prix et des territoires de déploiement. Alors que le marché subventionné – hors haut de gamme – ne parvient pas à séduire les consommateurs, c’est en bas du marché officiel et chez les Micro VE illégaux qu’un marché naturel se développe, avec plus d’un million de Micro VE vendus sans aides à l’achat à des particuliers depuis 2009.Dans ce contexte institutionnel spécifique et face à cette double incertitude produit et marché, en appui sur les théories de conception innovante, nous développons un cadre théorique d’exploration stratégique basé sur la combinaison systématique de variables stratégiques et leur évaluation. Nous identifions ainsi deux pistes innovantes et non encore engagées par les constructeurs étrangers : « l’autopartage électrique » et le « VE low-cost ».Sur le volet « autopartage électrique », nous comparons Autolib’ (Paris) et United Journey (Shenzhen), deux systèmes en libre-service basés sur des stations qui semblent pointer vers la mobilité du futur et attirent l’attention des autorités chinoises. Toutefois, en plus de la fragilité des modèles d’affaires, cette piste semble difficile à poursuivre pour les acteurs étrangers dû aux protectionnismes locaux et à la complexité des partenariats publics-privés en Chine, souvent basés sur des réseaux d’institutions informelles.Sur le volet « VE low cost », nous approfondissons les connaissances sur le marché illégal des Micro VE. Une enquête de terrain approfondie dans la province du Shandong permet de caractériser le marché ainsi que les scenarios réglementaires de sa légalisation. Ce marché répond à des besoins véritables de mobilité dans les villes chinoises de rang inférieurs. Ces territoires montrent des environnements sociotechniques à forte compatibilité avec le VE. Il y a peu de stations essence, de transports publics et le stationnement y est facile. Les Micro VE sont chargés sur prises 220 V classiques – ce qui résout le problème d’infrastructures de charge – et permettent une véritable mobilité de proximité plus performante que les deux roues électriques. Mais les forces en faveur d’une légalisation du marché des Micro VE ont le potentiel de le détruire, injectant de la technologie et des normes, et donc augmentant les prix. Une opportunité, semble-t-il, pour les acteurs occidentaux maîtrisant le design-to-cost.Enfin, nous caractérisons la globalisation du programme VE de Renault en Chine, au sein de la triple alliance avec Nissan et le partenaire chinois Dongfeng, ainsi que l’ambidextrie organisationnelle qui l’accompagne. Après des tentatives « d’exploitation » de la gamme VE existante en Chine, le président de l’Alliance Renault-Nissan initie un projet « d’exploration », Kwid EV, un VE low cost pour la Chine. C’est l’occasion pour cette thèse de contribuer aux hypothèses initiales sur le bas du marché VE Chine et de caractériser l’hybridation de lignée qui s’opère chez Renault, entre lignée VE (Europe) et lignée low-cost (Kwid en Inde), entre deux parties de l’organisation auparavant disjointes. Le monde devient ainsi un terrain d’expérimentation pour l’innovation en réseau, avec des marchés tests comme la Chine. Il s’agit alors de réussir le premier coup avant d’innover à l’envers<br>The electric vehicle (EV) market in China is booming, but Western manufacturers are struggling to deploy their models in the world’s largest automotive market. However, carbon credits generated by EV sales are necessary for the survival of their gasoline car business in this market. Thus, what are the high potential strategic opportunities for foreign manufacturers?In collaboration with Renault and based on five missions in China between 2012 and 2016, this CIFRE research first draws a state of the art of the opaque EV market in China, a market generated top-down by government initiatives and bottom-up by a low-cost and illegal EV market (Micro EV). We make a typology of models, usages, prices and deployment territories. While the subsidized market – except for premium cars – fails to appeal to consumers, it is instead at the bottom of the official market and within the illegal Micro EV market that a natural market is developing, with more than a million Micro EV sold, without purchase incentives, to private owners since 2009.In this specific institutional context and taking into account this double product and market uncertainty, we build on innovative design theories to develop a theoretical framework for strategic exploration based on the systematic combination of strategic variables and their evaluation. We identify two innovative routes not yet engaged by foreign manufacturers: "electric carsharing" and "low-cost VE".On the "electric car sharing" side, we compare Autolib’ (Paris) and United Journey (Shenzhen), two self-service stations-based systems that seem to pave the road to the mobility of the future and definitely attract the attention of Chinese authorities because of the technologies involved. However, in addition to the fragility of the business models, this opportunity seems difficult for foreign firms to pursue due to local protectionism and the complexity of public-private partnerships in China, often based on networks of informal institutions.On the "low cost EV" side, we are deepening our knowledge of the illegal micro EV market. A field survey in Shandong Province characterizes the market as well as the regulatory scenarios of its legalization. This market responds to real mobility needs in Chinese lower-tier cities. These territories’ socio-technical environments demonstrate strong compatibility with EV. There are fewer gas stations and public transportation systems than in big cities, and parking is easier. Micro EV are charged thanks to conventional 220 V outlets – which essentially solves the problem of charging infrastructures – and allow a true proximity mobility that is more efficient than electric two-wheelers. But the forces in favor of legalizing the Micro EV market have the potential to destroy it, injecting technology and standards, and thus raising prices. An opportunity, it seems, for Western players mastering design-to-cost methodologies.Finally, we characterize the globalization of Renault's EV program in China, within the triple alliance with Nissan and the Chinese partner Dongfeng, as well as the organizational ambidexterity that accompanies it. After attempts to "exploit" the existing EV range in China, the President of the Renault-Nissan Alliance initiates the launch of an "exploratory" project, Kwid EV, a low-cost EV for China. This is the opportunity for this research to contribute to the initial hypotheses about the lower-end of the Chinese EV market and to characterize the lineage hybridization that takes place at Renault, between the EV lineage (European EV) and the low-cost lineage (Kwid in India), between two disjoined parts of the organization. The world becomes a testing ground for networked innovation, with test markets like China. Then, the goal is to make this first shot succeed before reversing the innovation
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Patry, Gaëtan. "Clés de progrés technico-économiques des batteries lithium-ion pour la traction automobile." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0065/document.
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Les véhicules électriques et hybrides présentent des avantages considérables qui les rendent attrayants, mais ont un coût élevé limitant leur succès. Ce travail a pour but de contribuer à la baisse du coût des batteries lithium-ion, inducteur majeur du prix des véhicules électriques, en proposant et en évaluant des pistes d'optimisation. Pour cela, une visibilité fiable et détaillée de la structure de coût de ces batteries est un prérequis. C'est pourquoi une méthodologie de modélisation des coûts des batteries lithium-ion en lien avec la conception technique, ainsi que des référentiels économiques sur le procédé de fabrication et les matières ont été mis au point. La modélisation présentant une part d'incertitude, une méthode innovante d'évaluation de celle-ci a aussi été développée. L'utilisation de ce modèle de coût a permis la détection et l'évaluation de piste de progrès. Ainsi, une piste de progrès notable soulevée dans cette thèse porte sur un paramètre de conception négligé dans la littérature : l'épaisseur d'enduction de l'électrode. Ce modèle a aussi permis de confirmer un point déjà remarqué dans plusieurs publications : le poids considérable des matériaux actifs dans le coût total. Pour comprendre les raisons de ce fait, un modèle de coût de ces composés a été développé et a permis de mettre en lumière des voies de réduction. In fine, ce travail propose pour la première fois une modélisation détaillée jusqu'aux précurseurs des matériaux actifs de la structure de coût des batteries lithium-ion et indique des leviers de réduction. Ceci constitue un résultat remarquable, offrant de nouvelles clés pour l'optimisation technico-économique des batteries lithium-ion pour la traction automobile<br>Electric and hybrid vehicles are particularly attractive. They offer several advantages, but at a high cost, which explains their current limited success. The purpose of this work is to contribute to the cost reduction of lithium-ion batteries, the main cost factor in electric vehicles. For the evaluation of cost reduction solutions, a clear and detailed comprehension of the structure of the battery cost is required. A complete environment for the cost modelling of cells for lithium ion batteries has also been developed: two cost models and two databases. This environment is made in order to precisely calculate the cost of a battery using the design parameters. Since there are uncertainties surrounding the cost modelling, an innovative method for the assessment of this uncertainty has also been developed. Using the cost model, several ways of improvement for lithium-ion batteries have been detected and quantified. Thus, a way to reduce the cost evaluated in this work is concerned with a design parameter neglected in the literature: the electrode coating thickness. This model has also confirmed a point already suggested on several papers: the preponderance of active materials on overall cost of lithium-ion batteries. To understand the reasons behind this fact, a cost model for active materials has been developed. New ways of cost reduction have been highlighted with this model. Finally, this work proposes for the first time a complete modelling of cells for lithium-ion batteries, detailed up to materials precursors. It also indicates several ways to reduce the cost of these batteries. This work gives to the community a comprehensive view on the cost structure, essential for the optimization of lithium-ion batteries
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Green, Jemma Marie. "Disruptive innovation and mainstreaming low-cost and low-carbon housing." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/59705.
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The roles of solar-storage and modular construction technologies are analysed through case studies in Perth using disruptive innovation transition theory, evaluated by three lenses: disruptive technologies, disruptive business models and disruptive culture and behaviour change. Solar-storage will cause the emergence of low-carbon energy collaborative behaviour managed by local citizen utilities, and modular construction will undermine traditional construction industries. Both require significant digital skills. Disruptive governance will require responses to ‘fight, flight or innovate’ reactions by industry and agencies.
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Rehman, S. "Knowledge-based cost modelling for innovative design." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3971.
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The contribution to new knowledge from this research is a novel method for modelling
production costs throughout the design phase of a product's lifecycle, from conceptual
to detail design.
The provision of cost data throughout the design phase allows management to make
more accurate bid estimates and encourages designers to design to cost, leading to a
reduction in the amount of design rework and product's time to market. The cost
modelling strategy adopted incorporates the use of knowledge-based and case-based
approaches.
Cost estimation is automated by linking design knowledge, required for predicting
design features from incomplete design descriptions, to production knowledge. The
link between the different paradigms is achieved through the blackboard framework of
problem solving which incorporates both case-baseda nd rule-based reasoning.
The method described is aimed at innovative design activities in which original designs
are produced which are similar to some extent to past design solutions. The method is
validated through a prototyping approach. Tests conducted on the prototype confirm
that the designed method models costs sufficiently accurately within the range of its
own knowledge base. It can therefore be inferred that the designed cost modelling
methodology sets out a feasible approach to cost estimation throughout the design
phase.
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Marefat, Emil, and Sandra Valdani. "Innovationer inom fastighetsförvaltning : Lönsamheten i att komplettera regleringen av uppvärmningen i en byggnad med mobilstyrning." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231803.
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I takt med att samhället digitaliseras allt mer förändras våra liv på olika plan, inte minst i det egna hemmet. Idén om smarta hem har funnits ett tag, men nya innovationer fortsätter att dyka upp på marknaden. Samtidigt är det ofta aktuellt för människor att spara pengar om de kan, och ett sätt att spara pengar är att minska energiförbrukningen i den egna bostaden.Att via en SmartPhone kunna reglera temperaturen i en bostad är i dagsläget tekniskt möjligt, men är ändå inte fullt etablerat på bostadsmarknaden. Många människor befinner sig på arbetsplatser flera timmar av dagen, och det är inte nödvändigt att bostaden håller en komfortabel temperatur när ingen är hemma. I den här undersökningen utreds det av den anledningen lönsamheten i att addera mobilstyrning som ett komplement till regleringen av uppvärmningen i en byggnad, men även själva intresset för ett sådant här system på marknaden.För att kunna uppfylla syftet med undersökningen utfördes bland annat intervjuer av allmänheten och en fastighetsägare för att undersöka intresset på marknaden. För att undersöka den ekonomiska lönsamheten i att addera mobilstyrning som ett komplement till regleringen av uppvärmningen i en byggnad gjordes även hypotetiska kassaflöden. Efter undersökningen var slutförd kunde det konstateras att det fanns ett tydligt intresse för mobilstyrning på marknaden. Från kassaflödena kunde även utläsas att det på sikt är potentiellt ekonomiskt lönsamt för en fastighetsägare att installera mobila styrenheter. Lönsamheten beror dock på olika faktorer, däribland mänskliga faktorer och byggnadsteknik.<br>As society is increasingly digitalized our lives are changing rapidly in many areas of everyday life, one of them is the homes in which we live. The concept of a smart home has been around for some time and new innovations continue to appear on the market to define the modern homes of the future. Also, people often want to save money at given opportunity, and reducing the daily home energy consumption is a way to accomplish that.To be able to regulate the temperature of the home with a SmartPhone is currently technically possible, but it’s still not fully established in the housing market. As most people leave their homes for several hours a day during the average week a constant heating level is unnecessary. Because of this it could be interesting to investigate the potential market interest as well as the profitability of adding mobile control as a complement to the ordinary regulation of heating in a building.In order to conduct this study, interviews of the public and a property owner were conducted to get an overview of the level of potential market interest. In order to investigate the profitability of adding the mobile controlled system, a hypothetical cash flow calculation was made. After the interviews were completed, it was noted that there was a clear interest in using this kind of mobile controlling in the market. From the cash flow calculation it could also be seen that in the long term it is likely to be economically profitable for a property owner to invest in this system as well. The profitability, however, depends on a number of factors, including human behavioral patterns and building technology.
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Plankenhorn, Simon. "Innovation offshoring : from cost to growth ; analysis of innovation offshoring strategies with evidence from European sponsors and Asian contract researchers /." Wiesbaden : Gabler, 2008. http://d-nb.info/991070097/04.
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Botta, Michael David. "Technological Innovation and Policy Responses in Health Care." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10798.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation consists of three papers, two quantitative and one mixed-methods. Paper 1 uses cross-sectional and logistic regression analyses of survey data to assess Americans' opinion on the use of cost effectiveness research (CER) in government health coverage decisions, and to examine the factors predicting approval or disapproval of specific decisions. I use vignettes drawn from real international decisions to assess opinions. I find that opposition to a CER agency is widespread, with partisan affiliations playing a significant role. In general, Republicans are more likely to oppose a government agency playing a role in cost effectiveness determinations. With regards to specific examples, Americans hold even greater opposition, with no significant differences by political affiliations.
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Кім, А. А. "Інноваційні технології управління ресторанним бізнесом". Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2020. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/12528.
Full textAbstract:
У роботі розглядаються теоретичні основи технології управління в системі
суб’єктів бізнесу. Визначено компоненти та складові інноваційних рішень в
ресторанному бізнесі. Проаналізовано тенденції розвитку ресторанного бізнесу та
виявлено основні фактори, які впливають на розвиток ресторанного бізнесу під час
пандемії.
Проаналізовано інноваційні можливості розвитку ресторанного бізнесу та
обґрунтовано інноваційний напрям розвитку сервісу доставки ресторану, та
доцільність інноваційної технології безконтактних розрахунків за QR-кодом.<br>The paper considers the basics of management technology in the system of
business entities. The components and components of innovative solutions in the
restaurant business are defined. Analyze trends in the restaurant business and identify
the main factors influencing the development of the restaurant business during a
pandemic.
Analyze the innovative opportunities for the development of the restaurant
business and justify the innovative direction of development of the restaurant delivery
service, and the feasibility of innovative technology of contactless payments by QRcode.
32
Nilsson, Signe. "Housing innovations in rural Ethiopia : A case study of how to make innovations accepted and sustainable." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31212.
Full textAbstract:
A good product does not guarantee its successful adoption. This can be seen in a project in rural Ethiopia, in which a new type of house provides great advantages over current housing alternatives. This thesis, which focuses on the Sustainable Rural Dwelling Unit project in Ethiopia, aims to contribute knowledge about how to implement rural-housing innovations successfully. Interviews with the project’s stakeholders show that although a construction concept is a genuine breakthrough, its diffusion process may stumble. Successful diffusion of a housing innovation appears to depend on wider factors. Two success factors identified here are: (1) to analyse the innovation’s attributes, and (2) to analyse the interests of stakeholders. Furthermore, these successful practices are possible with analysis tools that are exemplified in the thesis. The needs for clear communication among stakeholders, and for identifying contradictory implementation strategies, were identified to be important elements for successful innovation diffusion. Another conclusion of this thesis is that the studied project both has great potential for future rural housing in Ethiopia and is relevant for other developing countries where there is a need for durable, higher-standard, low-cost housing.
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Дідоренко, Тетяна Василівна, Татьяна Васильевна Дидоренко та T. V. Didorenko. "Організаційно-економічні засади трансформації підприємств сільськогосподарського машинобудування". Thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет ім. Івана Пулюя, 2011. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/1493.
Full textAbstract:
Робота виконана на кафедрі менеджменту підприємницької діяльності
Тернопільського національного технічного університету імені Івана Пулюя
Міністерства освіти і науки, молоді та спорту України. Захист відбувся «29» листопада 2011 р. о "11.00 " годині на засіданні
спеціалізованої вченої ради К 58.052.05 у Тернопільському національному
технічному університеті імені Івана Пулюя за адресою: 46001, м. Тернопіль, вул.
Білогірська, 2 (корпус № 10, зал засідань).
З дисертацією можна ознайомитися в бібліотеці Тернопільського
національного технічного університету імені Івана Пулюя за адресою: 46001, м.
Тернопіль, вул. Руська, 56.<br>Дисертаційна робота присвячена дослідженню організаційно-
економічних засад трансформації підприємств сільськогосподарського маши-
нобудування. Розглянуто теоретичні основи формування організаційно-
економічних засад трансформації підприємств сільськогосподарського маши-
нобудування. Досліджено особливості організації виробництва на підприємс-
твах машинобудівної галузі посттоталітарного періоду. Проведено аналіз
ринку бурякозбиральної техніки та експортних можливостей підприємств
машинобудівної галузі.
Розглянуто основні напрями розвитку трансформаційних процесів в
умовах машинобудівних підприємств на засадах інноваційно-логістичного
ланцюга. Проведено диференціацію витрат виробництва та ціни на кінцеву
продукцію як засіб трансфоспроможності та конкурентоспроможності під-
приємств машинобудівної галузі.<br>Работа посвящена исследованию организационно-экономических основ трансформации предприятий сельскохозяйственного машиностроения.
Рассмотрены теоретические основы формирования организационно-
экономических основ трансформации предприятий сельскохозяйственного
машиностроения. Дано определение понятий «трансфоспроможность»,
«адаптивнотрансформационная способность» предприятий в контексте инновационно-логистических переобразований.
Описаны особенности организации производства на предприятиях машиностроительной отрасли посттоталитарного периода. Дана характеристика
состояния производства продукции машиностроительной отрасли. Проведен
анализ рынка свеклоуборочной техники и экспортных возможностей предприятий машиностроительной отрасли, а также дана сравнительноаналитическая оценка эффективности комплексного производства свеклоуборочной техники.
В первом разделе «Теоретические основы формирования организационно-экономических обоснований трансформации предприятий сельскохозяйственного машиностроения» (в контексте взаимоотношений со свеклосахарным подкомплексом) исследовано современное сельскохозяйственное
производство та современные взгляды на деятельность свеклосахарного подкомплекса, осуществлён анализ его преимуществ и недостатков.
Во втором разделе «Особенности организации производства на предприятиях машиностроительной отрасли посттоталитарного периода» проанализировано состояние обеспечения техникой аграрных предприятий, а также
исследовано динамику производства продукции машиностроительной отрасли для свеклосахарного подкомплекса.
В третьем разделе «Основные направления развития трансформационных процессов в условиях машиностроительных предприятий на основах
инновационно-логистической цепи» проведен анализ на основании дифференциации издержек производства и предложено внедрение в производство
широкозахватных свеклоуборочных комплексов, что обеспечивает повышение продуктивности труда, уменьшит энегрозатратность уборки сахарной
свеклы и исключит уплотнение почвы, рассмотрено организацию совместного использования средств и лизинга свеклоуборочной техники как формы
стимулирования сбыта конечной продукции предприятий машиностроения и
предложено схему улучшения трансфоспособности машиностроительных
предприятий в контексте развития свеклосахарного подкомплекса Украины.
Рассмотрены основные направления развития трансформационных
процессов в условиях машиностроительных предприятий на основе инновационно-логистической цепи. Проведена дифференциация издержек производства и цены на конечную продукцию как средство трансфоспроможности и
конкурентоспособности предприятий машиностроительной отрасли. Рассмотрено организацию совместного использования средств и лизинга свеклоуборочной техники как форма мотивации сбыта конечной продукции предприятий машиностроения. Выведен алгоритм трансфоспроможностей машиностроительных предприятий в контексте развития свеклосахарной отрасли.<br>This dissertation is dedicated to investigating the organizational and economic
transformation principles of agricultural engineering enterprises. The agricultural
engineering enterprises theoretical bases transformation organizational and
economic principles are focused on thesis. The production features at machine
building industry enterprises of post-totalitarian period are investigated. The market
beet harvesters and enterprises export capabilities are analyzed. The transformation
processes main directions in machine building enterprises based on innovative
supply chain are considered. The production costs and prices differentiation on
final products as a means transforming ability and competitiveness are completed.
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Micale, Linda Marie 1958. "Policy change as innovation and incrementalism: The case of Plan 6 cost-sharing." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291998.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis reviews the case of Plan 6 cost-sharing to explore the nature of policy reform and the political factors which can hinder or coax change. Plan 6 comprises regulatory storage components of the Central Arizona Project and dam safety components of the Salt River Project in Arizona. Arizona entities responded to the cost-sharing reform movement by developing an agreement reflecting increased an "up-front" local contributions to Plan 6 and CAP construction. The Plan 6 case is analyzed by linking observed political responses to proposed reform with operative policy arenas. Shifts within or between arenas indicate a degree of policy incrementalism or innovation, respectively. The analysis found a coincidence of moderate levels of innovation and strong incrementalism. The strength of a traditional water development network and the absence of direct in put from reformers at critical points in the agreement development were primary factors hindering full reform.
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Schwabe, Oliver. "A geometrical framework for forecasting cost uncertainty in innovative high value manufacturing." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2018. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/13616.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing competition and regulation are raising the pressure on manufacturing organisations to innovate their products. Innovation is fraught by significant uncertainty of whole product life cycle costs and this can lead to hesitance in investing which may result in a loss of competitive advantage. Innovative products exist when the minimum information for creating accurate cost models through contemporary forecasting methods does not exist. The scientific research challenge is that there are no forecasting methods available where cost data from only one time period suffices for their application. The aim of this research study was to develop a framework for forecasting cost uncertainty using cost data from only one time period. The developed framework consists of components that prepare minimum information for conversion into a future uncertainty range, forecast a future uncertainty range, and propagate the uncertainty range over time. The uncertainty range is represented as a vector space representing the state space of actual cost variance for 3 to n reasons, the dimensionality of that space is reduced through vector addition and a series of basic operators is applied to the aggregated vector in order to create a future state space of probable cost variance. The framework was validated through three case studies drawn from the United States Department of Defense. The novelty of the framework is found in the use of geometry to increase the amount of insights drawn from the cost data from only one time period and the propagation of cost uncertainty based on the geometric shape of uncertainty ranges. In order to demonstrate its benefits to industry, the framework was implemented at an aerospace manufacturing company for identifying potentially inaccurate cost estimates in early stages of the whole product life cycle.
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Silva, Itiel Moraes da. "Capacidades organizacionais para a inovação frugal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-12062018-125318/.
Full textAbstract:
Nos últimos anos, novos tipos de inovação surgiram nos mercados emergentes. Dentre eles, o conceito de inovação frugal vem chamando atenção de acadêmicos e profissionais por sua proposta de valor. A inovação frugal vem sendo considerada uma nova fonte de inovações, porém poucos trabalhos acadêmicos discutem o assunto de forma robusta. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal averiguar a associação entre determinadas capacidades organizações que auxiliam no desenvolvimento da inovação frugal. Antes dessa associação, foi necessário demostrar como o conceito de inovação frugal pode ser mensurado. Neste estudo a inovação frugal é um construto endógeno de segunda ordem que manifesta o novo por menos medido reflexivamente, pela: inovação em custo, inovação sustentável, inovação aberta e inovação em produto. As capacidades organizacionais, são os construtos exógenos definidas em termos de: capacidade de produção, capacidade tecnológica, capacidade de capital humano e capacidade de marketing. Alguma dessas capacidades, foram consideradas como sendo de primeira e segunda ordem. Com o intuito de verificar a relação entre os construtos definidos, os procedimentos metodológicos adotados nesta pesquisa podem ser classificados como do tipo formal, descritivo e associativo, positivista e de natureza quantitativa. Para coleta dos dados, método de pesquisa adotado foi o survey classificado como interseccional. A amostra coletada é composta por 257 empresas brasileiras de diferentes setores e tamanhos. O processo de análise da amostra e consistência dos dados coletados consistiu do uso de técnicas estatísticas de análise univariada e multivariada. O uso de Análise de Equações Estruturais pelo método dos mínimos quadrados parciais (Partial Least Square - PLS) mostrou-se mais adequada para estimação dos parâmetros do modelo. Os resultados empíricos demonstraram que inovação frugal é uma estratégia que combina eficiência em custos e inovação. A inovação frugal pode contribuir para uma gestão mais adequada dos recursos ambientais não renováveis quando orientada para sustentabilidade. A análise dos resultados, demonstrou que das oito hipóteses levantadas, apenas duas hipóteses não foram suportadas. As capacidades de capital humano e marketing de primeira ordem não foram associadas a formação da inovação frugal. As demais capacidades utilizadas na pesquisa se mostraram associadas ao modelo proposto.<br>In recent years, new types of innovation have emerged in emerging markets. Among them, the concept of frugal innovation has attracted the attention of academics and professionals for its value proposition. Frugal innovation has been considered a new source of innovation, but few scholarly papers discuss the subject in a robust way. This research aims to ascertain the association between certain organizational capabilities that help in the development of the frugal innovation. Prior to this association, it was necessary to demonstrate how the concept of frugal innovation can be measured. In this study, frugal innovation is an endogenous construct of the second order, which manifests the new with fewer resources, reflexively measured by: innovation in cost, sustainable innovation, open innovation and product innovation. Organizational capabilities are the exogenous constructs defined in terms of: production capability, technological capability, human capital capability and marketing capability. These capabilities were considered to be first and second order. To verify the relationship between the defined constructs, the methodological procedures adopted in this research can be classified as formal, descriptive and associative, positivistic and quantitative in nature. For the data collection, the survey method adopted was the survey classified as intersectional. The data were collected is composed of 257 Brazilian companies of different sectors and sizes. The process of sample analysis and consistency of data collected consisted of the use of statistical techniques of univariate and multivariate analysis. The use of Structural Equation Analysis using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method was more adequate for estimation of model parameters. The results have shown that frugal innovation is a strategy that combines cost efficiency and innovation. Frugal innovation can contribute to a better management of non-renewable environmental resources when oriented towards sustainability. The analysis of the results, showed that of the eight hypotheses raised, only two hypotheses were not supported. Human capital and first-order marketing capabilities were not associated with the formation of frugal innovation. The other capabilities used in the research were shown to be associated to the proposed model.
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Захаркін, Олексій Олександрович, Алексей Александрович Захаркин, Oleksii Oleksandrovych Zakharkin, Людмила Сергіївна Захаркіна, Людмила Сергеевна Захаркина та Liudmyla Serhiivna Zakharkina. "Вплив інновації на формування вартісних характеристик підприємств". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/65863.
Full textAbstract:
В сучасній економіці інноваційний розвиток підприємств є не тільки
важливим фактором, що забезпечує створення додаткової вартості, але й
одним із найважливіших важелів формування конкурентоспроможності
підприємств.
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Jung, Taehyun. "Uses and nonuses of patented inventions." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29783.
Full textAbstract:
Innovation comprises the processes of invention and commercialization. While the importance of innovation, especially commercialization, has been widely recognized, existing studies have largely overlooked the commercialization process. By examining the determinants of uses and nonuses of patented inventions from firms at the levels of technology, organization, and project/invention, this study attempts to help fill a critical gap in the literature. In doing so, it enriches theoretical understandings of innovation and, in particular, builds on the evolutionary explanation of technology development, the Teecian framework on profiting from innovation, Transaction Cost Economics (TCE), the Knowledge-Based View (KBV), and open innovation and innovation network perspectives. It also reveals an empirical reality of commercial use and strategic nonuse of patents. The study is based on a novel dataset constructed from multiple sources: inventor surveys, the United States Patent and Trademark Office online database, and COMPUSTAT, among others.
After examining the factors affecting overall propensity to commercialize patented inventions, this study explores the factors that affect the organizational paths of commercialization. The empirical estimation indicates that technological uncertainty and a strong internal position of complementary assets raise the propensity for internal commercialization. The study argues that openness of innovation processes and network relationships should affect the choice of commercialization paths. Consistent with the hypotheses, empirical estimations show that external industrial knowledge increases the propensity of internal commercialization. The study also indicates that collaboration has diverging effects on the choice of commercialization paths. While collaboration with firms in vertical relationships tends to favor internal commercialization, collaboration with firms in horizontal relationships tends to favor external commercialization (licensing, start-up).
Finally, the study reports findings on the strategic use of patents and then tests hypotheses about the factors driving strategic nonuse. It concludes that a significant portion of U.S. patents are indeed filed for strategic reasons. It also finds that characteristics of technology and firms are significantly associated with different strategies. In particular, firms are more likely to use a patent for strategic defensive purposes when they have larger amounts of assets. The study concludes with discussing managerial and policy implications.
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Зянько, В. В., та Чживей Дун. "Напрями підвищення ефективності управління інноваційними витратами підприємств". Thesis, ВНТУ, 2019. http://ir.lib.vntu.edu.ua//handle/123456789/24394.
Full textAbstract:
Визначено сутність управління витратами на впровадження інновацій, обґрунтовано необхідність
активізації інноваційної діяльності в Україні та напрями підвищення ефективності управління інноваційними
витратами вітчизняних підприємств<br>There has been defined the essence of cost management for the introduction of innovations; the necessity of
activation of innovation activity in Ukraine and ways of the efficiency of domestic enterprises innovation management
costs were determined
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Branget, Benjamin. "Entre mythe, réalité et innovation, le processus d'analyse des coûts de revient des services récréosportifs." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2012. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5176/1/030350168.pdf.
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Coste, Amelie 1982. "Schedule and cost estimate for an innovative Boston Harbor concert hall." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30134.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-77).<br>This thesis formulates a cost estimate and schedule for constructing the Boston Concert Hall, an innovative hypothetical building composed of two concert halls and a restaurant. Concert Halls are complex and expensive structures due to steep design requirements reflecting their status as signature buildings and because they require extensive furnishing. Restaurants are not as complex but require the same kind of attention in their interior furnishing as well as in the choice of their kitchen equipment. Because the structure houses two complicated entities, feasibility analysis required a careful cost and schedule estimation. On the basis of several assumptions, a rough estimate of the cost and schedule of the entire structure has been developed along with a more detailed estimate of the two auditoriums and the restaurant. The study suggests that the interior finishing of such unique buildings represent a large fraction of their overall costs and construction time.<br>by Amelie Coste.<br>M.Eng.
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Shehab, Esam. "An intelligent knowledge based cost modelling system for innovative product development." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/11605.
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This research work aims to develop an intelligent knowledge-based system for product cost modelling and design for automation at an early design stage of the product development cycle, that would enable designers/manufacturing planners to make more accurate estimates of the product cost. Consequently, a quicker response to customers’ expectations. The main objectives of the research are to: (1) develop a prototype system that assists an inexperienced designer to estimate the manufacturing cost of the product, (2) advise designers on how to eliminate design and manufacturing related conflicts that may arise during the product development process, (3) recommend the most economic assembly technique for the product in order to consider this technique during the design process and provide design improvement suggestions to simplify the assembly operations (i.e. to provide an opportunity for designers to design for assembly (DFA)), (4) apply a fuzzy logic approach to certain cases, and (5) evaluate the developed prototype system through five case studies. The developed system for cost modelling comprises of a CAD solid modelling system, a material selection module, knowledge-based system (KBS), process optimisation module, design for assembly module, cost estimation technique module, and a user interface. In addition, the system encompasses two types of databases, permanent (static) and temporary (dynamic). These databases are categorised into five separate groups of database, Feature database, Material database, Machinability database, Machine database, and Mould database. The system development process has passed through four major steps: firstly, constructing the knowledge-based and process optimisation system, secondly developing a design for assembly module. Thirdly, integrating the KBS with both material selection database and a CAD system. Finally, developing and implementing a ii fuzzy logic approach to generate reliable estimation of cost and to handle the uncertainty in cost estimation model that cannot be addressed by traditional analytical methods. The developed system has, besides estimating the total cost of a product, the capability to: (1) select a material as well as the machining processes, their sequence and machining parameters based on a set of design and production parameters that the user provides to the system, and (2) recommend the most economic assembly technique for a product and provide design improvement suggestion, in the early stages of the design process, based on a design feasibility technique. It provides recommendations when a design cannot be manufactured with the available manufacturing resources and capabilities. In addition, a feature-by-feature cost estimation report was generated using the system to highlight the features of high manufacturing cost. The system can be applied without the need for detailed design information, so that it can be implemented at an early design stage and consequently cost redesign, and longer lead-time can be avoided. One of the tangible advantages of this system is that it warns users of features that are costly and difficult to manufacture. In addition, the system is developed in such a way that, users can modify the product design at any stage of the design processes. This research dealt with cost modelling of both machined components and injection moulded components. The developed cost effective design environment was evaluated on real products, including a scientific calculator, a telephone handset, and two machined components. Conclusions drawn from the system indicated that the developed prototype system could help companies reducing product cost and lead time by estimating the total product cost throughout the entire product development cycle including assembly cost. Case studies demonstrated that designing a product using the developed system is more cost effective than using traditional systems. The cost estimated for a number of products used in the case studies was almost 10 to 15% less than cost estimated by the traditional system since the latter does not take into consideration process optimisation, design alternatives, nor design for assembly issues.
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Davis, Allison H. (Allison Heather) 1974. "Innovative strategies for managing the increasing costs of paratransit operations under the Americans with Disabilities Act." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65471.
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Thesis (M.C.P. and S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, February 2003.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-158).<br>When the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was passed in 1990, transit agencies saw a fundamental shift in the requirements of service for the disabled. Among other obligations, they were required to provide door-to-door service (paratransit) for those unable to use fixed route services. The disabled community viewed this as a basic entitlement. Public transit saw this as another responsibility. A decade later, transit agencies are struggling to provide the service to a growing number of users under greater financial pressures and the disabled community is still awaiting a basic level of mobility. This thesis reviews how mobility and accessibility came to be viewed as a right by summarizing US legislation since 1964 with regards to transportation and disabilities; examines the current state of paratransit and its funding levels; identifies and evaluates paratransit's costs throughout the US and their implications; and proposes a three pronged approach of institutional, financial and internal strategies that transit agencies can invoke to manage the delivery and finances of paratransit. There is no single strategy that can completely alleviate the financial pressures of paratransit services and provide improved services. First and foremost, with the reauthorization of TEA-21 approaching, transit agencies and disabled advocates should mobilize a coalition of paratransit stakeholders to approach the federal government and make a case for federal funding of paratransit services. By acknowledging that paratransit is a fundamental part of the surface transportation system and funding it as such, this would effectively spread its responsibilities over the entire transportation system, instead of only public transit. This could be funded, in part, by modifying the federal gasoline tax or other inputs to the Highway Trust Fund. Additionally, from a regional or state perspective, gas and parking taxes can be modified to help fund paratransit services. Thus, in order to provide the level of mobility that was promised to the millions of disabled citizens in the ADA, the federal government must step in and assist transit agencies in operating the service. Without this support, transit agencies will continue to provide low quality paratransit services under immense financial stress and the disabled community's mobility needs will constantly be placed on a second tier when compared to that of nondisabled citizens.<br>by Allison H. Davis.<br>M.C.P.and S.M.
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Thompson, William Michael. "The effects of changing technology on average costs for Mississippi cotton producers from 1996 - 2005 /." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07052007-114929.
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Rodovalho, Edmo da Cunha. "An innovative approach for controlling operational parameters in open pit mining to reduce costs and environmental impacts." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3134/tde-18012017-151352/.
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The main current challenges of the mining industry include aspects such leveraging the mine productivity, controlling costs and reducing environmental impacts. In most surface mining operations, overburden removal requires haulage over short distances. A comparison of different haulage options for short distances with respect to energy efficiency in open-pit mining is a key aspect for decision making, but only a limited number of recent research efforts have considered energy efficiency as a control variable in mining projects. Loading and haulage have an energy source that is highly dependent on fossil fuels. In addition, the equipment involved in these operations use tyres as an important input. There are many studies relating the fuel consumption and tyre wear to several performance indicators, but a methodology that identifies and prioritizes higher-impact variables under each specific operating condition is not available. This research proposes new methods using alternative equipment simulations for fuel consumption and tyre wear management. Such methods include multiple regression analysis, stochastic simulation and specialized software routines in order to identify and control operational performance variables related to diesel consumption, tyre wear and selection of new alternatives equipments. Considering alternative scenarios of equipment models, the results of the proposed method include a 14% reduction in specific fuel consumption and a 16% increase in productivity. Regarding the fuel management method, the reduction of diesel consumption reached 10%. For the tyre wear management method, the results indicated a potential to save up to 8.9 t of tyre rubber in only one quarter.<br>Na atualidade, a indústria de mineração possui como principal desafio alavancar sua produtividade, controlar custos e reduzir impactos ambientais. Muitas operações de mineração exigem transporte em pequenas distâncias. A comparação de diferentes opções de transporte em distâncias curtas considerando a eficiência energética é uma necessidade de operações de lavra a céu aberto, mas existem poucos estudos recentes que priorizam esta variável em projetos de mineração. As operações de carga e transporte são amplamente dependentes de combustíveis fósseis. Essas operações também necessitam de pneus como um importante insumo. Existem alguns trabalhos que relacionam o consumo de combustíveis e o desgaste dos pneus a variáveis operacionais, mas uma metodologia que identifique as variáveis de maior impacto frente a condições específicas ainda não está disponível. O presente trabalho fornece novos métodos de simulação para equipamentos alternativos, consumo de combustíveis e gestão do desgaste de pneus. Análises de regressão linear múltipla, simulações e ferramentas de desenho de mina permitem identificar e controlar variáveis ligadas ao consumo de combustíveis, desgaste de pneus e seleção de equipamentos. Os estudos envolvendo equipamentos alternativos alcançaram uma redução de 14% no consumo de diesel e um aumento de 16% na produtividade. Com relação às técnicas de gestão do consumo de combustível aplicada aos caminhões observou-se uma redução de 10%. Considerando o sistema de gestão de desgaste de pneus, a aplicação do método proposto possui um potencial de evitar o descarte de 8,9 t de borracha para pneus em apenas um trimestre.
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Mina, Lee. "A Quantitative Study on Innovation in Renewable Energy Technology in Korea." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225764.
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Fernández, Ana Belén Martin. "Tourism and economic development : retaining competitive advantage through clustering, learning and innovation in the Costa del Sol." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/560723.
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This research investigates the role of clustering, learning and innovation in retaining competitiveness in an existing tourism area in a peripheral region of Europe. To do this it draws on the tourism resort area known as the Costa del Sol in southern Spain. Structurally, it focuses on hotel and catering businesses, which are considered to be at the heart of the tourism industry. Tourism is shown not only to be fundamental to the development ofthis coastal agglomeration, but also critical to the development of the province of Malaga (of which the Costa del Sol is a part) and the wider region of Andalucia. Hence the need to examine the evolution oftourism, the sources of competitive advantage and how such advantage can be retained in a globalised marketplace. The key proposition is that retaining competitive advantage can best be achieved through learning and innovation and that agglomerations provide a milieu in which learning and innovation are stimulated. Agglomeration theory and the role of learning and innovation are tested through an examination of the spatial and temporal evolution of hotel and catering businesses and through questionnaire surveys covering these businesses. In particular, the surveys are directed at addressing the issues of learning and innovation and assessing the extent to which the Costa del Sol operates as a 'learning region'. Questionnaire work met with severe problems of non-response despite being undertaken in conjunction with local business organisations. Nevertheless, sufficient responses were obtained to provide some tentative answers to the questions being posed and to provide the foundation for further research. The principal conclusions were that the Costa del Sol has acted as a growth pole and seedbed for business development, and that learning and innovation are promoted as much by competition as by co-operation. Finally, some public policy implications are drawn from these conclusions.
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Ndlovu, Shweshwe. "Barriers to consumer acceptance of innovative building technologies for low-cost housing." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/81683.
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Low-income subsidy housing production is not satisfying the current housing need, leading to increasing backlogs and significant impacts on many poor people's health and safety. Traditional methods for producing these houses have not been sufficient for meeting the low-income housing need, particularly in aspects concerning time, cost, and quality of construction. There has been enough evidence supporting the adoption of innovative building technologies to enhance the South African government's ability to deliver low-income housing by reducing the times and costs of construction while substantially improving the quality of construction products. However, the implementation of low-income housing produced using innovative building systems has been primarily unsuccessful owing to the low levels of acceptance by South African communities. This study explored consumers’ attitudes and perceptions towards low-income housing produced using innovative building technologies. Data was collected from seventeen semi-structured interviews with potential low-income housing beneficiaries. The results showed that participants had limited knowledge about housing constructed with innovative building technologies. The lack of knowledge enhanced participants’ perceptions of risk and led them to develop negative attitudes towards the housing systems. The negative attitudes primarily were related to increased perceptions of performance, financial and psychosocial risk. However, the results also showed that participants were still willing to accept housing produced using innovative building technologies because of their potential to improve participants’ living conditions. The study contributes new knowledge to the debate about the role of innovative building technologies for improved housing delivery in South Africa. The study also helps the government, decision-makers, and stakeholders formulate effective strategies for developing and promoting housing produced with innovative building technologies.<br>Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2021.<br>Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)<br>MBA<br>Unrestricted
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Williams, Marc K. "Cost-benefit study of implementing current and future technology for enhanced station-keeping during underway replenishment operations." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FWilliams%5FMarc.pdf.
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Benadid, Farida. "La veille, catalyse de l’innovation : conception d’une méthode appliquée a la filière forêt-bois-papier." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40043/document.
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La thèse propose une méthodologie originale permettant de détecter des thèmes potentiels d’innovation et de recherche pouvant conduire à des projets. Cette méthodologie est basée sur la veille et la gestion des connaissances qui sont deux composantes de l’Intelligence Economique. Elle est appliquée à la filière Forêt-Bois-Papier aquitaine et s’appuie sur deux supports informationnels clés de cette filière : la Plateforme Technologique Forêt-Bois-Papier et les COST (European COoperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research) « Forest, Products and Services ». Combinant les méthodes de veille et de gestion des connaissances, l’information recueillie et analysée aboutit à la construction de deux cartes cognitives : une carte heuristique et une carte conceptuelle. Ces dernières mettent en évidence des thèmes potentiels c’est-à-dire ceux pouvant faire l’objet d’un projet de recherche et d’innovation. Pour aboutir, ces thèmes potentiels doivent correspondre à des besoins industriels méritant un approfondissement avec les partenaires concernés. La méthode conduit à sélectionner deux thématiques : le revêtement intelligent de surfaces à base de bois et l’utilisation des agro-matériaux dans la construction. Elles aboutissent à la réalisation de trois projets : le projet collaboratif « Smart Wood Coating », le projet COST « Smart and innovating technologies for wood » et le projet collaboratif « Ressource Habitat Evolution Vie (RHEV) ». Il s’agit d’innovations technologiques, les deux premiers projets sont impulsés par la réglementation environnementale et le troisième par la demande sociétale. Cette thèse met en évidence et analyse la manière dont la veille et la gestion des connaissances peuvent catalyser l’innovation<br>The thesis proposes an original methodology allowing the detection of potential themes of innovation and research which can lead to projects. This methodology is based on the strategic scanning and the knowledge management which are two components of competitive intelligence. It is applied to the Forest-Wood-Paper sector in Aquitaine and leans on two key informative supports of this sector: the Technology Plateform Forest-Wood-Paper and the COST « Forest, Products and Services ». Combining the methods of strategic scanning and knowledge management, the analyzed information ends in the construction of two cognitive maps: a mind map and a conceptual map. These last ones highlight potential themes, that is: those being able to be the object of a project of research and innovation. To be successful, these potential themes shall deal with industrial needs deserving a deepening with concerned partners. The method leads to select two themes: the intelligent cover of wooden surfaces and the use of agro-materials in the construction, which end in the execution of three projects: the collaborative project « Smart Wood Coating », a COST project « Smart and innovating technologies for wood » and the collaborative project “Housing Resource Evolution Life” (RHEV). All concern technological innovations, the two first ones are determined by environmental regulations and the last one by societal demand. This thesis brings to light and analyzes the way competitive intelligence and knowledge management can catalyze innovation