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Journal articles on the topic 'Costs-Returns'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kim, Soonho. "Trading costs, fat-tailed liquidity risk, and expected returns." Korean Data Analysis Society 24, no. 5 (2022): 1599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.37727/jkdas.2022.24.5.1599.

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This paper examines the effect of liquidity cokurtosis(or fat-tailed liquidity) risk on asset prices using a utility function with investor wealth and trading costs considered simultaneously. This study develops a model that includes liquidity cokurtosis risk, or fat-tailed liquidity risk, which is captured by the covariance between stock i’s liquidity and the cubed market liquidity, or {(Cᵢ, C³m)} Conceptually, this refers to an individual stock’s contribution to a diversified portfolio’s liquidity kurtosis. Investors would regard a portfolio as less desirable when a stock is added to a portf

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2

Bouchard, Bruno, Masaaki Fukasawa, Martin Herdegen, and Johannes Muhle-Karbe. "Equilibrium returns with transaction costs." Finance and Stochastics 22, no. 3 (2018): 569–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00780-018-0366-6.

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3

Aarstol, Michael. "Inflation, agency costs, and equity returns." Journal of Economics and Business 52, no. 5 (2000): 387–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0148-6195(00)00030-8.

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4

Stuart, Julie Ann, Winston Bonawi‐tan, Sarah Loehr, and Joyce Gates. "Reducing costs through improved returns processing." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 35, no. 7 (2005): 468–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09600030510615806.

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5

Hogan, Christopher, Paul B. Ginsburg, and Jon R. Gabel. "Tracking Health Care Costs: Inflation Returns." Health Affairs 19, no. 6 (2000): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.19.6.217.

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6

Oyer, Paul, and Scott Schaefer. "Litigation Costs and Returns to Experience." American Economic Review 92, no. 3 (2002): 683–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/00028280260136318.

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We develop a model linking maximum damage awards available to plaintiffs in wrongful termination lawsuits, workers' propensity to sue as a function of experience, and returns to experience. Using Equal Employment Opportunity Commission data on protected-worker discrimination complaints and labor-market data from the Current Population Survey, we examine how returns to experience among protected workers changed around the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1991. We show that employers' reactions to employment protections may induce redistributive effects. Furthermore, these effects operate not

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7

Fernandes, Carlos, Miguel Ferreira, and Filipe Moura. "PPPs — True Financial Costs and Hidden Returns." Transport Reviews 36, no. 2 (2015): 207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2015.1076905.

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8

Adinya, I.B, E.A Ayuk, S.O Akpet, and B.F Agiopu. "DETERMINING COSTS-RETURNS PROFITABILITY IN HONEY MARKETING IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA." Continental J. Agricultural Economics 2 (June 16, 2017): 44–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.809985.

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This study examined costs-returns profitability in honey marketing in Cross River State. Honey contains 29 percent of protein, 19 percent of amino acid, vitamins and minerals for bodybuilding. Honey mixed with aloe vera gel is use for cure of dandruff and rapid hair growth. This mixture could also help to prevent hair breakage. Honey pollen enhances vitality and brings about a longer life span. Data were obtained from a random sample of 120 honey marketers in the study area by means of structured questionnaire. The first stage involved random selection of three (Obudu, Obubra and Odukpani) loc

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9

Kim, Jinill. "INDETERMINACY AND INVESTMENT ADJUSTMENT COSTS: AN ANALYTIC RESULT." Macroeconomic Dynamics 7, no. 3 (2003): 394–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100502020035.

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It has been widely known that neoclassical growth models with sufficient increasing returns in production may feature indeterminacy. This note analytically shows that investment adjustment costs increase the required degree of increasing returns for indeterminacy to arise. Under empirically plausible levels of investment adjustment costs, we need an implausibly large degree of increasing returns to generate indeterminacy.

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10

Gandhi, Vasant P. "Technology, Cost Reduction, and Returns in Agriculture: A Study of Wheat and Rice in Punjab." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 22, no. 2 (1997): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919970207.

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This study examines the impact of new technology on costs and returns in agriculture, taking the leading cases of wheat and rice in Punjab. Apart from boosting production, has the new technology achieved the fundamental objectives of reducing per unit costs and raising returns? The study finds that reduction in real per unit cost of production has indeed been achieved for both wheat and rice. However, real returns in wheat have been stagnant, since yield increases are offset by declining real domestic prices. Real returns in rice have, however, risen substantially. Curiously, the upward pressu

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11

Eunyoung Kim. "Short Selling Restrictions, Transaction Costs, and Stock Returns." Journal of International Trade & Commerce 9, no. 7 (2013): 761–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.9.7.201312.761.

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12

Loewenstein, Mark A., and James R. Spletzer. "Dividing the Costs and Returns to General Training." Journal of Labor Economics 16, no. 1 (1998): 142–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209885.

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13

Gloy, Brent A., Michael A. Gunderson, and Eddy L. LaDue. "The Costs and Returns of Agricultural Credit Delivery." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 87, no. 3 (2005): 703–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8276.2005.00757.x.

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14

VanderLinden, David, and Kristijan Nikolov. "Enhancing returns on yen: minimizing risk reversal costs." Applied Financial Economics 15, no. 17 (2005): 1203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603100500387410.

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15

GÂRLEANU, NICOLAE, and LASSE HEJE PEDERSEN. "Dynamic Trading with Predictable Returns and Transaction Costs." Journal of Finance 68, no. 6 (2013): 2309–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12080.

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16

Kryzanowski, Lawrence, and Sana Mohsni. "Capital returns, costs and EVA for Canadian firms." North American Journal of Economics and Finance 21, no. 3 (2010): 256–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2010.03.002.

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17

Reza Bradrania, M., Maurice Peat, and Stephen Satchell. "Liquidity costs, idiosyncratic volatility and expected stock returns." International Review of Financial Analysis 42 (December 2015): 394–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2015.09.005.

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18

Brumfield, Robin. "Costs and Returns of Producing Outdoor Cut Flowers." HortScience 41, no. 4 (2006): 981A—981. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.981a.

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Field–grown cut flower production, in general, is a low–overhead business. This is both good news and bad news. Good—because it doesn't require a lot of capital to get started in this business. Bad—because competition can develop rapidly, sometimes from marginal producers for whom profitability is a low priority. Thus, it is important for producers to know the costs of growing each product so that they can make profitable production and marketing decisions. A cost accounting program was developed to help producers calculate the cost of each crop. In addition, a series of benchmark budgets were

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19

Kjetsaa, Richard, and Maureen Kieff. "INVESTMENT COSTS AND RETURNS OF MUNICIPAL BOND FUNDS." Journal of Academy of Business and Economics 13, no. 1 (2013): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18374/jabe-13-1.11.

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20

Klaesson, Johan. "Monopolistic competition, increasing returns, agglomeration, and transport costs." Annals of Regional Science 35, no. 3 (2001): 375–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001680100053.

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21

Morgan, Donald P. "Financial contracts when costs and returns are private." Journal of Monetary Economics 31, no. 1 (1993): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(93)90020-g.

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22

Howe, Keith M., and William Beranek. "Issue costs and regulated returns: A general approach." Journal of Regulatory Economics 4, no. 4 (1992): 365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00134928.

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23

Levy, Ofir, Jason D. Borchert, Travis W. Rusch, Lauren B. Buckley, and Michael J. Angilletta. "Diminishing returns limit energetic costs of climate change." Ecology 98, no. 5 (2017): 1217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1803.

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24

Lilavira, Alien, and Siti Zulaikha. "ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERTUMBUHAN ASET PADA PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI SYARIAH PERIODE 2013 – 2017." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 7, no. 2 (2020): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol7iss20202pp305-318.

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This study aims to determine the effect of Operational Costs, Growth in Investment Returns, Contribution and Profitability to Asset Growth in Sharia Insurance Companies in Indonesia 2013-2017. This study uses a quantitative approach. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. This study uses 21 data samples. Data is obtained from each of the Sharia Insurance Company's Financial Reports. The results showed that the variables of operational costs, growth in investment returns, contributions and profitability have a significant effect on asset growth simultaneously in sha

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25

Schiefer, Gerhard, and Jivka Deiters. "Moving towards Sustainability in Food Chains: Dealing with Costs and Benefits." International Journal on Food System Dynamics 6, no. 1 (2015): 50–61. https://doi.org/10.18461/ijfsd.v6i1.615.

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Sustainability concerns are receiving increasingly attention by society and in turn, the food sector and consumers as the food sector’s final customers. Investments towards improvements in sustainability along the chain are usually not evenly distributed along the chain which affects the balance in the distribution of costs and returns. Transparency is a means for supporting an appropriate link between costs and returns. Various alternatives are being discussed. The chapter utilizes a case study approach for elaborating on the possibilities of regaining costs through price premiums, the commun

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26

Hardesty, Shermain D., and Penny Leff. "Determining marketing costs and returns in alternative marketing channels." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 25, no. 1 (2009): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170509990196.

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AbstractDirect marketing is a popular marketing practice among smaller producers in the United States. We conducted detailed case studies of three organic farming operations of different sizes and compared their marketing costs and profitability in alternative marketing channels. We classified marketing-related activities into three categories: packing and storage, transportation, and selling and administration. By measuring the costs for labor, purchased goods and services, and capital assets associated with these marketing activities, we determined that there are significant variations in ma

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27

Cox, William, John Hanchar, and Jerome Cherney. "Agronomic and Economic Performance of Maize, Soybean, and Wheat in Different Rotations during the Transition to an Organic Cropping System." Agronomy 8, no. 9 (2018): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8090192.

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Crop producers transitioning to an organic cropping system must grow crops organically without price premiums for 36 months before certification. We evaluated red clover-maize, maize-soybean, and soybean-wheat/red clover rotations in organic and conventional cropping systems with recommended and high inputs in New York, USA to identify the best rotation and management practices during the transition. Organic compared with conventional maize with recommended inputs in the maize-soybean rotation (entry crop) averaged 32% lower yields, $878/ha higher production costs, and $1096/ha lower partial r

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28

HASBROUCK, JOEL. "Trading Costs and Returns for U.S. Equities: Estimating Effective Costs from Daily Data." Journal of Finance 64, no. 3 (2009): 1445–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2009.01469.x.

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29

Cubbage, Frederick, Rafael Rubilar, Patricio Mac Donagh, et al. "Comparative global timber investment costs, returns, and applications, 2020." Journal of Forest Business Research 1, no. 1 (2022): 90–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.62320/jfbr.v1i1.16.

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We estimated stand level timber investment returns for a range of 16 countries and 47 planted species/management regimes in 2020, using capital budgeting criteria, at a real discount rate of 8%, without land costs. Plantation management financial returns were estimated for the principal plantation countries in the Americas—Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Mexico, and the United States—as well as for China, Vietnam, Laos, Spain, New Zealand, Finland, and Poland. South American, New Zealand, and Spain plantation growth rates and their concomitant investment returns

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30

Bollen, Nicolas P. B., and Jeffrey A. Busse. "Tick Size and Institutional Trading Costs: Evidence from Mutual Funds." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 41, no. 4 (2006): 915–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109000002696.

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AbstractThis paper measures changes in mutual fund trading costs following two reductions in the tick size of U.S. equity markets: the switch from eighths to sixteenths and the subsequent switch to decimals. We estimate trading costs by comparing a mutual fund's daily returns to the daily returns of a synthetic benchmark portfolio that matches the fund's holdings but has zero trading costs by construction. We find that the average change in trading costs of actively managed funds was positive following both reductions in tick size with a larger and statistically significant increase following

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31

Liechty, Hal O., David D. Reed, and Glenn D. Mroz. "An Interim Economic Comparison of Thinning Treatments in a High Site Quality Red Pine Plantation." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 5, no. 3 (1988): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/5.3.211.

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Abstract Harvesting costs for seven thinning treatments applied to a highly productive (site index 81 at base age 50) red pine stand (age 22) were calculated using machine productivity rates developed for loblolly pine. The economic value of each treatment 10 years after the initial thinning was determined using the calculated harvesting costs and current product prices. Plots thinned to 60 ft2 ba/ac, 30% height, and 120 ft2 ba/ac treatments had the highest returns regardless of whether pulpwood or pulpwood and sawtimber markets were used to determine returns. The superior economic returns fro

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32

Schober, Maik, and Matthias Gehrke. "Currency Momentum: An Emerging Market Issue?" ACRN Journal of Finance and Risk Perspectives 11, no. 1 (2023): 120–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35944/jofrp.2022.11.1.007.

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Three main currency strategies have been established in the literature: carry, value, and momentum. We investigate momentum using data on 27 currencies (10 developed countries and 17 emerging markets). We find that momentum returns are driven by emerging market currencies, while the currencies of developed countries have no impact. An emerging market- specific dollar risk factor can partly explain these momentum returns. We carry out permutation tests and find support for our hypothesis that momentum returns are driven by emerging markets. However, we show that transaction costs reduce momentu

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33

Lee, Charles, David Ng, and Bhaskaran Swaminathan. "Testing International Asset Pricing Models Using Implied Costs of Capital." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 44, no. 2 (2009): 307–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109009090164.

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AbstractThis paper tests international asset pricing models using firm-level expected returns estimated from an implied cost of capital approach. We show that the implied approach provides clear evidence of economic relations that would otherwise be obscured by the noise in realized returns. Among G-7 countries, expected returns based on implied costs of capital have less than one-tenth the volatility of those based on realized returns. Our tests show that firm-level expected returns increase with world market beta, idiosyncratic volatility, financial leverage, and book-to-market ratios, and d

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34

Xu, Yanbing. "Exploring the predictability of intraday returns in China's stock market." BCP Business & Management 30 (October 24, 2022): 735–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v30i.2524.

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With the rapid development of high-frequency trading, intraday trading has become more and more popular due to its important role in understanding the efficiency of the intraday market and capturing more trading opportunities. This article explores whether there is momentum effect and reversal effect in China’s stock market by studying the correlation and predictability between half-hour returns. The results show that there is an intraday momentum effect between the first half-hour and full-day returns. After the investment strategy, it is found that this effect has economic significance, but

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35

Lee, Minjae. "Integrating Returns and Costs in Examining Faster Firm Speed." Academy of Management Proceedings 2021, no. 1 (2021): 12656. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2021.12656abstract.

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36

SURWASE, R. V., P. J. KSHIRSAGAR, J. M. TALATHI, and S. T. GORE. "Costs, returns and profitability of sapota in Thane district." INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS 6, no. 1 (2015): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/irjaes/6.1/96-99.

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37

DiMasi, Joseph A., Henry G. Grabowski, and John Vernon. "R&D Costs and Returns by Therapeutic Category." Drug Information Journal 38, no. 3 (2004): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009286150403800301.

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38

Koster, Hans R. A., and Jacques-François Thisse. "Understanding Spatial Agglomeration: Increasing Returns, Land, and Transportation Costs." Annual Review of Economics 16, no. 1 (2024): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-020723-041113.

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Economic activities are concentrated on a small share of inhabitable land. In our view, this agglomeration is the outcome of a trade-off between increasing returns and transportation costs, which capitalizes into land rents. Our second baseline idea is that Tiebout-like sorting provides a general framework to handle a large array of problems in spatial economics. Cities have high housing prices because they are productive and offer high levels of amenities and public goods. Both production and amenity effects capitalize in the land rent at a particular location. Through the process of bidding

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39

Weiner, Bradley Kenneth, and Mark Amadeus Notturno. "Alternative returns: On ‘costs’ and ‘outcomes’ in market-medicine." Medical Hypotheses 69, no. 3 (2007): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2006.12.063.

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40

Murphy, Kevin M., and Robert H. Topel. "Diminishing Returns?: The Costs and Benefits of Improving Health." Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 46, no. 3 (2003): S108—S128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2003.0048.

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41

Murphy, Kevin M., and Robert H. Topel. "Diminishing Returns?: The Costs and Benefits of Improving Health." Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 46, no. 3x (2003): S108—S128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2003.0077.

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42

Wibowo, Andreas. "Returns to Scale in Buildings Construction Costs: Indonesian Cases." Procedia Engineering 125 (2015): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.11.004.

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43

Capalbo, Susan M., and John M. Antle. "Incorporating Social Costs in the Returns to Agricultural Research." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 71, no. 2 (1989): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1241611.

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44

Aiyagari, S. Rao, and Mark Gertler. "Asset returns with transactions costs and uninsured individual risk." Journal of Monetary Economics 27, no. 3 (1991): 311–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(91)90012-d.

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45

Delgado, Francisco, Bernard Dumas, and Giovanni W. Puopolo. "Hysteresis bands on returns, holding period and transaction costs." Journal of Banking & Finance 57 (August 2015): 86–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.12.015.

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46

Chapman, R. W. "Calculating a clinic's childhood immunization rate. Costs and returns." Archives of Family Medicine 4, no. 7 (1995): 625–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archfami.4.7.625.

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47

Stevens, C. "Calculating a clinic's childhood immunization rate: costs and returns." Archives of Family Medicine 5, no. 6 (1996): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archfami.5.6.325.

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48

Bhama, Vandana. "Does an increase in portfolio volatility create more returns? Evidence from India." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 21, no. 2 (2024): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.21(2).2024.28.

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The classical view of experts associates greater risks with greater rewards. The present study explores whether increased volatility in portfolios can create more returns for investors by using technical indicators or the buy-and-hold (BH) strategy. The study used closing prices of National Stock Exchange (NSE) 500 index firms for a period of 16 years (2007–2022). Five portfolios ranging from low to high volatility were created using standard deviation as a key measure. Findings indicate that as the volatility of the portfolios increases, the moving average (MA) returns seem to be higher. Acro

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49

Takele, Etaferahu, John A. Menge, John E. Pehrson, et al. "Economic Analysis of Integrated Crop Management Practices of `Navel' Oranges." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 6 (1993): 910–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.6.910.

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The effect of various integrated crop management practices on productivity (fruit yield, grade, and sire) and returns of `Washington Navel' oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] was determined in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Seventy-two combinations of treatments comprised of three irrigation levels [80%, 100%, and 120% evapotranspiration demand (ETc)], three N fertilizer levels (low, medium, and high based on 2.3%, 2.5%, and 2.7% leaf N, respectively), gibberellic acid (±), miticide (±), and fungicide-nematicide (±) were included in the analysis. Using a partial budgeting procedure,

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50

Duzy, Leah M., Andrew J. Price, Kipling S. Balkcom, and Jatinder S. Aulakh. "Assessing the Economic Impact of Inversion Tillage, Cover Crops, and Herbicide Regimes in Palmer Amaranth(Amaranthus palmeri)Infested Cotton." International Journal of Agronomy 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1524389.

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Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) producers in Alabama are faced with a rapidly expanding problem that decreases yields and increases production costs: herbicide-resistant weeds. Producers increasingly rely on integrated weed management strategies that raise production costs. This analysis evaluated how tillage, cover crops, and herbicide regime affected net returns above variable treatment costs (net returns) for cotton production in Alabama from 2009 to 2011 under pressure from Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeriS. Wats.). Annual net returns were compared for two tillage treatments (inversion an

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