Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cotonniers – Effets du sel'
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Haj, Najib Bassel. "Gestion optimale de l'utilisation de l'eau douce et salée pour l'irrigation du coton dans le bassin de l'Euphrate en zone semi-aride." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-147.pdf.
Full textDecamp, Antoine. "Etude des conditions d’accumulation et de production de polysaccharides solubles (ou exopolysaccharides - EPS) chez des microalgues marines cultivées en photobioréacteur." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT4035.
Full textThis thesis concerns the study of the mechanisms implicated in Porphyridium cruentum exopolysaccharides synthesis and the optimization of their production in photobioreactors. In order to achieve this objective, the effect of salinity and light were mainly studied. Salinity is a parameter which affect the carbohydrates metabolism of Porphyridium cruentum favouring biomass production at median salinity, starch accumulation in hypo-osmotic conditions and glycoside accumulation (more particularly floridoside) in hyper-osmotic conditions. MRPA (Mean rate of Photon Absorption) was used to evaluate the behaviour of red microalgae in light stress conditions and in photo limitation. The first part of this study showed that Porphyridium cruentum is a light-sensitive organism with an effective absorption cross section 7 times smaller than the green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. In the second part, different levels of light stress were imposed on the red microalgae, the results showed that from a threshold value the increase in MRPA allows to strongly accelerate the production of polysaccharides (in the form of starch and BPS in a first step and in the form of RPS during a prolonged stress).The combination of osmotic and light stress has made it possible to develop a protocol to valorise the biomass of Porphyridium cruentum in order to produce floridoside in controlled hyper-osmotic conditions or polysaccharides for hypo-osmotic conditions coupling with high MRPA
Bouraïma-Madjèbi, Saliou. "Influence de la salinité (NaCl) sur la croissance et la photosynthèse des Mils (Pennisetum) d'origines géographiques différentes." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112325.
Full textThe effects of salinity were studied in six genotypes of pearl millet. We have attempted to characterize the resistance to salinity of Pennisetum typhoides Drôo Zarzis, a Tunisian ecotype from a saline habitat cultivated in controlled conditions and to compare its behaviour with five other Pennisetum genotypes from different geographic origins. The growth behaviour of P. Typhoides Drôo Zarzis can be characterized by a high tolerance to salt (halophytic response). P. Violaceum shows the least resistance to saline conditions, while the 4 other genotypes show intermediate response to the 2 extremes. An analysis of the mineral and organic composition was compatible with the halophytic tendency of P. Typhoides Drôo Zarzis and could explain the sensitivity ta saline conditions of P. Violaceum. The results provide evidence that there is a definite specific ion effect which is related to salt sensitivity. It is suggested that superior compartmentation of ions, principally K+ may be a mechanism of salt resistance. An enhancement in the maximum capacities of the key-enzymes of C4 metabolism (PEPC, RuBPC + NADP-EM) has been measured under limiting photosynthetic conditions related to the saline treatment. An immunological approach clearly showed that this stimulation in the capacity of PEPC and NADP-EM is due to an increase in the total quantity of the enzymes. We have also demonstrated for the first time in Pennisetum that an increased in RuBPC capacity is related to an increase in the enzyme amount but its specific activity remains constant. The marked increase in cytosolic GS observed in P. Typhoides Drôo Zarzis is modulated by the intracellular environment, namely the ionic compartmentation related to the halophytic nature of the genotype. With regards to the cytosolic GS1 this isœnzyme might be interpreted as a marker of halophyty. An heterosis effect is noted in the net photosynthesis and starch content for P. Typhoides Tiotandé a "male sterile". Lts behaviour is completely modified in saline conditions. Finally this work demonstrate the utility of comparative experiments with related genotypes deliberately selected for differences in salt resistance for elucidation of mechanisms governing the response of Pennisetum to salt stress. The research of heterosis in saline condition could be obtained with crossing P. Typhoides "Tiotandé male sterile" and one of salt tolerant genotype principally P. Typhoides Drôo Zarzis
Grondin, Marie-Ève. "Rôle des enképhalines et des récepteurs mu opiacés dans l'appétit pour le sel." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18343.
Full textLandouar-Arsivaud, Lucie. "Recherche de gènes intervenant dans la tolérance au stress salin dans le phloème de céleri (Apium graveolens L. )." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2349.
Full textSalt stress constitutes one of the major environmental constraints for melon culture in the south of Spain and in the mediterranean basin, and for other cultures as well in many regions of the world (Australia, United-States). The availability of tolerant plants is therefore a major goal for breeders. Plant response to salt stress and the development of tolerance mechanisms imply the regulation of a large number of genes. On the other hand, phloem is an essential tissue for plant development allowing long distance transport of photo-assimilates and information transmission between different organs. The aim of this thesis has been to identify genes whose expression is stimulated by salt stress, in Celery phloem (Apium graveolens L. Dulce cv. Vert d'Elne). A salt treatment (300 mM) was applied during 3 weeks on celery grown in the green house. A physiological study of salt stress response in plants (growth, relative water content) was made. A subtractive library was produced from petiole phloem mRNAs extracted from "stressed" and "control" celery. This method isolated exclusively genes whose expression was stimulated by salt stress. Among the 736 cDNAs obtained and analysed on macroarray by differential screening, 30 partial cDNAs met the two selection criteria : salt stress induction and phloem tissue localisation. Only 3 clones were selected with our private partner on the basis of novelty and certification. Promoters of these genes have been cloned and placed upstream of the GUS reporter gene (b-glucuronidase) in order to study their expression profile in Arabidopsis thaliana, in response to salt stress
Voisin, Aurore. "LES ENKÉPHALINES ET LA NEUROBIOLOGIE DU SEL Caractérisation électrophysiologique, neuroanatomique et fonctionnelle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29978/29978.pdf.
Full textIn rats, extracellular sodium (Na+) variations are detected by neurons in the median preoptic nucleus (MNPO) due to the presence of NaX channels. First, we wanted to determine the electrical properties of MnPO Na+ sensor neurons using electrophysiological recordings. We demonstrate an increase in the excitability of Na+ sensors, probably due to a decrease in ionic channels responsible for spike frequency adaptation and an increase in the ionic channels sustaining time-dependent membrane rectification. Since our laboratory demonstrated a modulation of Na+ sensors excitability by enkephalins (ENK) and mu-opioid receptors (mu-OR) system for an acute sodium deficit, so we wanted to demonstrate an enhancement in this neuronal excitability during repeated sodium depletion. Our results demonstrate that repeated sodium depletion induced desensitization of Na+ sensors and NaX channels expression. However, Na+ sensors show a hyperexcitability in response to three Na+ deficits that appears to be mitigated by the overexpression of functional mu-OR. Then, we wanted to determine the brain regions releasing ENK within the MNPO by injecting a fluorescent retrograde tracer. Our data report the parabrachial nucleus and the nucleus of solitary tract as the main ENK sources to MNPO; the bed nucleus of stria terminalis and the paraventricular nucleus as moderate ENK projections. This ENK release could initiate salt appetite in response to sodium deficit. Since salt appetite is a motivated behavior and some studies reported an enhanced salt appetite named salt sensitization, so we wanted to correlate ENK and/or mu-OR expression in reward circuit and salt sensitization. We show that salt sensitization is not a universal phenomenon in rats and that it is correlated with a decreased mu-OR expression in the ventral pallidum (VP). In addition, mu-OR expression in the VP is a fundamental requisite to the development of salt sensitization.
Havet, Jean-Louis. "Etude de la reactivite d'un sel d'ammonium de l'acide isocyanurique. Modelisation des effets de solvants." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066118.
Full textBaliarda, Aurélie. "Evaluation de la réponse au stress chez les bactéries lactiques appartenant aux genres Pédiococcus et Tétragénococcus : approches physiologiques et génétiques." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12747.
Full textBourguignon, Elsa Sophie Odile. "Dessalement de matériaux poreux modèles par la méthode des compresses." Paris Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/49/43/21/PDF/EBourguignon_PhD_2009.pdf.
Full textEn anglais : Poultices, wet adhesive pastes applied to porous materials to draw out salts, are used in the in situ conservation of built heritage. This study aims to better understand the mechanisms of water and ion transport during desalination to improve its efficiency. Sodium chloride crystallization in laboratory-made model porous samples (sintered glass beads) was carried out to master the artificial salting process. Poultices made of kaolin, cellulose, aggregates, and water were characterized to investigate the relationship between their formulation and their properties. Finally, desalination experiments were conducted. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging was used throughout the studies to obtain the spatial distribution of water in the different elements non-destructively. Desalination efficiency is related to the system drying behavior which, in turn, depends partly on the material microstructure. Drying of the material before the poultice seems to lead to greater desalination efficiency
Hussain, Sajjad. "Caractérisation physiologique de génotypres d'agrumes : études de tolérance au stress salin et impacts de la présence de porte-greffes zygotiques et autotétraploïdes." Corte, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CORT0001.
Full textCitrus are classified among the most sensitive tree crops to salt stress. However, strong diversity exists for this trait in the citrus gene pool e. G. Poncirus trifoliata (L. ) Raf. Is highly susceptible while Citrus reshni Hort. Ex Tan. (Cleopatra mandarin) is one of the most tolerant genotype. Usual strategy to improve the resistance of rootstocks is based on hybridization between parent sharing complementary interesting characters. One other way to gain a salt stress tolerance for rootstocks is related to tetraploidy by chromosome doubling. Therefore genetic and physiological analysis for salt stress tolerance of any genotype is required for breeding programs and selection of more adapted varieties. We initiated studies combining genetic approaches (genome mapping) as well as physiological approaches related to the diversity of the citrus group in order to be able to correlate the specific phenotypical traits of tolerance for different citrus genotypes with their genome expression in the future. A F2 population resulting from self pollination of hybrid F1 (C. Reshni x P. Trifoliata) was created, and the segregation of 135 SSR markers plus 4 candidate genes was studied allowing establishing of 15 linkage groups. A majority of the markers (57%) showing skewed segregation probably due to the intergenric chromosome pairing during meiosis of the hybrid parent. Furthermore, markers colinearity was respected by comparing this map to the reference clementine genetic map. In the meantime, we tested salt stress tolerance of twenty two citrus genotypes representing the citrus diversity among the more usual scions and rootstocks. The different genotypes were then subjected to salt stress. Physiological parameters such as growth rate, chlorophyll content, total phenolic compounds content, quantum yield of PSII electron transport, stomatal conductance as well as photosynthesis rate were monitored along the stress. Different physiological behaviors for salt stress tolerance depending of the citrus species were observed suggesting existence of different mechanisms for salt stress tolerance. Citrons were the most sensitive while all mandarins and pummelo were tolerant. All genotypes affected by salt stress were characterized by chlorosis symptom induction, chloride and sodium accumulation in leaves and by the change of physiological parameters. Specific profile of tolerance was associated with photosynthesis maintaining even though lower values of stomatal conductance were observed. In the mean time, plant growth was maintained with chloride and sodium accumulations. Some species such as grapefruits showed at the end of the assay an extended leaf drop completed by a growth of new leaf that we interpreted as a response of adaptation. Work conducted by CIRAD showed that use of tetraploid rootstocks lead to increase salt stress and water deficit tolerance properties in citrus. Therefore, it was interesting to characterize the impact of the presence of zygotic or tetraploid rootstocks on yields and fruit quality parameters related to the tree physiology. Results we obtained suggest that the presence of zygotic rootstocks did not affect the average yields of fruit for any given genotype. On the contrary, tetraploid rootstocks decreases dramatically fruit production without changing the quality of fruit when compared to the use of diploid rootstocks. The physiology of the tree of two rootstocks at the diploid and tetraploid level was also analyzed. Results suggest that the reduced growth of tetraploid rootstock / clementine associations was due to a more limited photosynthesis. However, the maximum electron flow rate under saturated light was found to be higher in leaves of clementine grafted on tetraploid rootstock suggesting that tetraploid rootstocks confer a greater adaptive capacity of photosynthesis to environmental conditions
Berthon, Nathalie. "Endothéline-1 et hypertension minéralocorticoi͏̈de DOCA-sel chez le rat : les effets d'une supplémentation alimentaire en magnésium." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA3005.
Full textThe relationship between Mg and arterial hypertension is well established. While Mg deficiency is considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, oral Mg supplementation seems to prevent the development of hypertensive diseases. However, preventive values of Mg in the management of arterial hypertension is unclear. The peptide endothelin-l plays an important role in the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension, particularly in experimental DOCA-salt hypertension. One of the purposes of this work is to study the effect of dietary Mg supplementation on endothelin-l in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, in order to explain the preventing effect of Mg on DOCA-salt hypertension. The findings show that Mg supplementation, reduces renal, cardiac and vascular hypertrophies, improves mechanical and contractile properties of conductance and resistance arteries, and attenuates development of DOCA-salt arterial hypertension. Ln the second part of this study, it is demonstrated that beneficial effects of Mg supplementation require an action on ET-1. Dietary Mg supplementation normalizes ET-I vasoconstrictor properties, and prevents elevation of ET-I mRNA and ET-I peptide levels observed in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. Finally, treatment With a receptor ETA antagonist, ABT-627, shows that the beneficial effect of Mg supplementation on DOCA-salt hypertension is mediated via an interaction With ET1. Ln conclusion, the Iowering effect of Mg supplementation on blood pressure requires an action of Mg on ET-I production and/or ET-I activity in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats
Samson, Marie-Élise. "Effets de la salinité sur le développement de la canneberge." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26756.
Full textNew recommendations in cranberry production suggest the use of sub-irrigation, an irrigation method suspected to increase the risk of salt buildup. On the other hand, the pumping of brackish waters in the residual Champlain sea waters below the clay deposits of the St-Lawrence valley or resulting from upraising of sea levels in coastal areas due to climate change could affect the productivity cranberry crops in Eastern Canada. Because very little is known about cranberry’s tolerance to salinity, this study was conducted to determine which salinity level would affect plant yield in two different irrigation strategies. Cranberry plants were grown in a greenhouse and submitted to eight different treatments obtained from two irrigation methods (overhead and sub-irrigation) and four salinity levels created by increasing amounts of K2SO4 (125, 2 500, 5 000 and 7 500 kg K2O ha-1), at the salinity levels ranging from fresh to brackish waters. Sub-irrigation resulted in drier soil conditions. However, no significant difference in soil solution electrical conductivity (ECss) was observed between the two types of irrigation. Still, photosynthetic rates and fruit set were significantly lower in sub-irrigated plants. This suggests that the difference in soil water contents influenced plant growth and development. Growth and yield parameters decreased significantly with soil salinity and an average ECss of 3.2 dS m-1 (slightly brackish) during flowering caused a 22% drop in relative photosynthetic rate and a 56% decrease in yield when compared to the control. It would therefore be recommended to evaluate in situ soil electrical conductivity when fields are submitted to deficit sub-irrigation in order to secure maximum yield and the sustainable and efficient use of water resources.
Charbaji, Tarif. "Effet du chlorure de sodium sur la vigne en culture hors sol (Vitis vinifera C. V. Cabernet Sauvignon - C. V. 101-14 M. Et G. )." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT007A.
Full textBoursiac, Yann. "Mécanismes de régulation du transport d'eau dans la racine d'Arabidopsis thaliana : effets d'un traitement par le sel et le péroxyde d'hydrogène sur la fonction des aquaporines." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20194.
Full textWater uptake by roots plays a central role in the regulation of plant water status. The root water permeability (root hydraulic conductivity; Lpr) is regulated by many environmental conditions such as drought or nutrient deficiency. At the molecular level, water channels named aquaporins contribute to a large part of the overall Lpr (> 70% in Arabidopsis thaliana). However, the mechanisms for aquaporin regulation in plants and their role in the modulation of Lpr by environmental stresses are still poorly understood. The aim of this thesis was to unravel novel molecular and cellular mechanisms of aquaporin regulation in the context of water transport modulation in the root of Arabidopsis. For this, Lpr regulation was studied in two distinct physiological situations, salt stress (NaCl) and exposure of roots to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we show that a salt treatment (100 mM NaCl) can inhibit Lpr by 35% in 40 min and by up to 70% after 3 h. Aquaporins expression was regulated in parallel to this at, at least, three levels : the abundance of transcripts and proteins and the subcellular localisation of the latter. Whereas these mechanisms may explain the long term (> 4 h) regulation of Lpr by salt, other types of regulation, by post-translational modifications for instance, might be involved in the early response (< 2 h) of the root. In another study, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and other ROS were identified as powerful inhibitors of Lpr by up to 80% in a few minutes. Unexpectedly, the action of ROS on the aquaporin activity was not mediated by a direct oxidation gating mechanism, but rather involved the activation of signalling pathways in which external calcium and protein kinases played an important role. From this and other works, we conclude that, as central molecules in the response of plants to environmental stresses, H2O2 and other ROS could be major regulators of Lpr. In conclusion, this work uncovered signalisation pathways and multiple levels for regulation of aquaporin expression which contribute to a chain of events from the perception of environmental stress to the molecular regulation of root water transport
Bonnin, Delphine. "Régulations cellulaires et métaboliques de l'halophyte cakile maritima en réponse au sel." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7004.
Full textSoil salinization is a growing problem nowadays. It occurs most often in arid and semi-arid regions due to poor irrigation practices. This salinization leads to a 30% reduction in yield and even makes the land unusable. In 2004, the financial loss due to salinization was estimated at $27.3 billion. The work of this thesis focuses on a salt-resistant plant: Cakile maritima. It is an optional halophyte, i.e. it is capable of performing its life cycle in soils containing 0 to 500 mM NaCl. This work focused on salt management mechanisms at the cellular level; we have thus demonstrated in this plant the functioning of the Salt Overly Sensitiv (SOS) system already described in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Its activation seems to be linked to a singulet oxygen production leading to an influx of calcium, which will then activate the SOS system leading to the exclusion of Na+ from the cell via the antiport Na+/H+ SOS1. This salt exclusion mechanism participates in the adaptation to salt leading to survival, and parallels the pathway to programmed cell death that we previously described in C. maritima. In a second step, we investigated the metabolism of C. maritima in response to moderate (100mM NaCl) or high (400mM NaCl) salt exposure. We have been able to demonstrate that moderate salt exposure causes few changes in metabolism in C. maritima even if it begins after 20 days of treatment. On the other hand, a strong saline treatment leads to strong metabolic changes after 10 days. Thus, we have observed a decrease in sugars and organic acids when amino acids are accumulated. These results allowed us to detect the metabolic pathways most affected by strong saline treatment. The TCA cycle and galactose metabolism are negatively impacted when amino acid synthesis and photorespiration are positively impacted. Finally, this thesis work was also an opportunity to examine the potential involvement of heterophyllous development of C. maritima in its salt resistance. The results showed us a differential accumulation of Na+ in the leaves as a function of leaf level as well as a differential cell death. All this work on the halophyte C. maritima shows both the universality of some of the mechanisms for salt management in plants and the specificities of responses that underline the adaptability of halophytes
Cover, Stéphane. "Pneumopathie d'hypersensibilité aux sels d'or : revue de la littérature et apport de la tomodensitométrie, à propos d'un cas." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11118.
Full textOuattara, N'Golo. "Adaptation écophysiologique des branchies à l'hypersalinité chez le tilapia Sarotherodon Melanotheron." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20073.
Full textGharbi, Aicha. "Caractérisation biochimique et moléculaire de différentes populations de palourdes tunisiennes : rôle de la Leucine Aminopeptidase dans l'adaptation à la salinité." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MNHN0011.
Full textKnowledge about population diversity and structure is among the most important questions to investigate, especially concerning exploited species. Genetic variability of R. Decussatus populations collected from localities in the eastern and western Mediterranean coasts of Tunisia was examined using different markers. Genetic polymorphism of nine allozyme loci showed a significant clustering of all samples in two main divergent groups on either sides of the Siculo-Tunisian strait. This pattern seems to be the result of historical and contemporary process: a plausible model of secondary intergradation is supported by the observation of coincident clines at nearly 60% of the polymorphic loci that were centered at the Siculo-Tunisian strait region (area of transition from the western Mediterranean basin to the eastern one). Analysis of partial sequence of mitochondrial COI gene and of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS-1) revealed significant clinal changes in haplotypes frequencies between eastern and western samples at the focal COI haplotype and at three out of five focal ITS1 haplotypes. In the present study, no significant difference was found among groups. However, high frequencies of rare and unique haplotypes could reflect the effects of a recent demographic expansion which would mask a real ancient and significant genetic differentiation displayed by the two basins. Adaptive response to salinity stress in R. Decussatus was evaluated by the study of an enzymatic marker (Lap -1). Experiments carried out in hypo osmotic and hyper osmotic stress showed that the Tunisian clam is well adapted to salinity variations between 10ppm and 50ppm. The Adaptive capacity to different salinities seems to be not related to Lap-1 which was polymorphic in the Tunisian clam, on the contrary to R. Decussatus from Brittany
Thabet, Rahma. "Mécanismes d'acclimatation et d'adaptation moléculaire des crustacés à la salinité." Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1012.
Full textThe aim of our investigations was to increase your understanding of the mechanisms of crustacean’s response to salinity changes. We revealed that, in the Sfax solar saltern, the copepods and branchiopod abundances are mainly regulated by salinity and temperature. Experiments in the laboratory allowed defining the optimum of salinity for the most abundant copepod species (Bryocamptus sp, Oithona nana, Pararcartia grani) and for the branchiopod Artemia salina. An biochemical approach focused on Artemia salina (euryhaline species) showed that he ensured his energy uptake for osmoregulation by the regulation of their internal protein, carbohydrate and lipid contents. In addition, antioxidative reactions are induced to compensate the physiological disruption. A review of bibliography allowed revealing that the transmembrane pump Na+/ K+ ATPase is primordial for the cellular osmolality regulation. The structural analyses of the gene, mRNA and proteins coding alpha subunit in invertebrates showed : i) the existence of a unique gene (except for nematodes), ii) variability in the number and length of introns, iii) an alternative splicing phenomen, and iiii) high conservation of the ten transmembrane protein domains. Finally, a comparative study of the activity Na+/K+ ATPase for two crayfish species (Astacus astacus, native European species; Procambarus clarkia, alien American species) during salt stress demonstrated that only the invasive species have high Na+/K+ ATPase activity; which can explain its ability to colonize various environments
Gobet, Mallory. "Etude par spectroscopies de RMN 23Na , 31P et 1H : effets de la teneur en sel (NaCl) dans des matrices alimentaires." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS063.
Full textThe reduction of salt (NaCl) content in food has become a matter of public health. However, the multiple functions of salt in food make the reduction of its content difficult. The aim of this work was to demonstrate the applicability of NMR innovative techniques in order to characterise the mobility of sodium ions (distinction between ‘free’ and ‘bound’ sodium), to bring a better understanding of the role of salt in the organisation of the food matrix (in particular phosphorous molecules in dairy systems) and to study impact of salt on the mobility of aroma compounds. In a first step, the 23Na NMR study of iota-carrageenan gels validated the quantification of total sodium (Single-Quantum, SQ experiment) and also demonstrated the involvement of ‘bound’ sodium ions in the gelation process of this polysaccharide (Double-Quantum Filtered, DQF experiment). The diffusion of aroma compounds in these systems was measured by 1H DOSY NMR, but no specific impact of salt was evidenced. The second step was dedicated to study dairy systems and semi-hard cheeses by 23Na NMR and solid-state 31P NMR using the magic angle spinning (MAS) technique. We demonstrated the feasibility of 23Na NMR methods for the quantification of total sodium and the characterisation of Na motional state (presence of ‘bound’ ions) in these systems. 31P MAS NMR (simple pulse excitation, SPE and cross-polarisation, CP) enabled the identification of different phosphorous compounds (inorganic phosphate, colloidal calcium phosphate, phosphoserins), the determination of their proportions and also permitted to determine the involvement of these phosphorous compounds in the protein network of coagulated systems. With these results, we achieved to identify the parameters of composition (or processing) influencing the dynamics of sodium ions in real cheeses. We also determined the distribution of phosphorous compounds, in particular inorganic phosphate, in these cheeses. This work demonstrates that these 23Na and 31P NMR innovative techniques are perfectly applicable to real food and can help to adjust the manufacturing process of cheeses in order to optimise their sensory and functional properties
Goulet-Beaulieu, Valérie. "Croissance de Listeria monocytogenes et Staphylococcus aureus dans un fromage modèle Camembert réduit en NaCl ou partiellement substitué en KCl." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30129/30129.pdf.
Full textDesplans, Jérôme. "Clonage positionnel du locus sas1 d'Arabidopsis thaliana, impliqué dans le transport apoplasmique racinaire du sodium." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20070.
Full textTersiguel, Philippe. "Boho-Kari, village Bwa : les effets de la mécanisation dans l'aire cotonnière du Burkina Faso." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100078.
Full textThis study looks at the effects of agricultural mechanization on the farming systems found in Burkina Faso's cotton-growing area chapter one describes the conditions underlying the development of mechanization in the western region of the country, while the chapters from two to six present a monography study of the village of Boho Kari. Here, an analysis is developed concerning: 1)the relationships between different types of farming units distinguished on the basis of farming equipment (ox-draft, motorized equipment or neither), and 2)the effects of mechanization on the pattern of land appropriation and on the spatial organization of village lands. The study integrales a thorough analysis of work organization according booth farming equipment which is owned and or utilized by production units, finally, chapter seven analyzes the results of agricultural motorization on a regional bans within the framework of a development project
PERRET, PASCAL. "Etude critique des effets des medications sulfhydrilees dans le traitement de la polyarthrite rhumatoide : a partir d'une revue des essais controles et d'une meta-analyse." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1M322.
Full textLopez, Félicie. "Identification et étude de l'expression de deux gènes en réponse au stress salin chez "Raphanus sativus"." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20025.
Full textNublat-Levigneron, Aurélie. "Identification de mutants d'accumulation foliaire de sodium chez "Arabidopsis thaliana"." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20093.
Full textMorrissette, Nathalie. "Les mycorhizes éricoïdes : un potentiel biotechnologique pour favoriser l'établissement de plants de bleuet sur les sites perturbés par l'exploitation des sables bitumineux en forêt boréale canadienne." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28045/28045.pdf.
Full textSagot, Emeric. "Etude physiologique, biochimique, moléculaire et agronomique du stress salin chez le melon (Cucumis melo L. )." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2352.
Full textThe company which funded this work cultivates melon in 3 different places: in the Center West and South East in France, as well as in South of Spain. In this third location, the proximity of the sea, and the irrigation technique make the water salty (approximatively 30 mM NaCl in water and soil extract). This NaCl concentration decreases the growth of melon plants and the yield from 13 tons/ha to 8 tons/ha. The present work begun with the preparation of the tools needed for further experiments, especially the culture systems. A publication of Shalata and Neumann (Shalata and Neumann, 2001) shows that an exogenous application of ascorbic acid could increase salt tolerance in tomato. Exogenous application of ascorbic acid during hydroponic culture of melon improved salt tolerance in melon, and allowed a partial recovery of yield (near 20% more than in salt stress plant without ascorbic acid). Biochemical evidences shows that NADPH oxidases , but not peroxidases, are activated during salt stress. Addition of ascorbic acid (0,5 mM) in the medium prevented the activation of NADPH oxidases and increased the activity of peroxidases. RNA blot experiments revealed activation of galactinol synthase gene, which encodes a key enzyme of stachyose synthesis. Stachyose is the major transported sugar in melon. The activation of this gene probably creates a metabolic deviation and contributes to the loss of yield. The promoter of galactinol synthase contains a NFkB response box, which senses redox status of the cell. The relationship between ascorbic acid and galactinol synthase is not fully understood, but it is still under investigation in the lab. Field experiments confirmed that AA increases salt tolerance
Hassanpour-Estahbanati, Abolghassam. "Régénération de plantes à partir de protoplastes et après hybridation somatique dans le genre lycopersicon." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112097.
Full textThis thesis sought to identify a procedure for regeneration and somatic hybridization in the genus Lycopersicon, in order to introduce salt and/or drought resistance from wild species in cultivated tomatoes. The effect of explant, genotype, and physiological stage of protoplasts source plant and culture technique were studied. Plant regeneration was achieved from protoplasts of L. Pennellii, L. Chilense and L. Esculentum. The regenerated plants after an interspecific somatic fusion between L. Esculentum and L. Pennellii were analyzed. Cytological and morphological studies demonstrate that:"These plants are issued from fusion of two protoplasts and they have a morphological intermediate between two parents. " Finally, the use of these techniques in the genus Lycopersicon, for fundamental questions or in plant breeding is discussed
El, Babili Mohammed. "Métabolisme branchial de la sphingomyéline et transport du sodium chez deux espèces euryhalines : Dicentrarchus labrax et Carcinus maenas : influence de la température et de la salinté." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10339.
Full textAl, Youssef Ahmad. "Étude par modélisation des événements singuliers (SET/SEU/SEL) induits par l’environnement radiatif dans les composants électroniques." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESAE0021/document.
Full textThe spatial radiative environment is particularly critical for the reliability of integrated circuits and embedded electronic systems. This environment loaded with energetic particles (proton, electron, heavy ions, etc.) can lead to transient (SET), or permanent (SEU) and insome cases destructive failures (Latchup, SEL) in embedded devices. The effect of a single particle is identified as a single event effect(SEE). The constraints imposed by technological integration push microelectronics manufacturers to consider the vulnerability of their components to Latchup while consideringnon-destructive phenomena such as data corruption (SEU/MBU). This thesis is the result ofcollaboration between ONERA and Sofradir, an electronic manufacturer of infrared imagers. The aim of this thesis is to study the singular effects (SET / SEU / SEL) of the CMOS technology used by Sofradir under cryogenic temperature conditions, and more particularly the Latchup effect
Diouf, Goudiaby Khady. "Influences de la salinité sur les déplacements et la croissance des juvéniles d'un poisson ubiquiste, Sarotherodon melanotheron (Teleosteen, Cichlidae), dans les estuaires ouest-africains." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20085.
Full textBelaid, Nebil. "Evaluation des impacts de l'irrigation par les eaux usées traitées sur les plantes et les sols du périmètre irrigué d'El Hajeb-Sfax : salinisation, accumulation et phytoabsorption des éléments métalliques." Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/a8a097b5-d757-4af1-a2bb-253eaf48bf21/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4003.pdf.
Full textIn the framework of Tunisian strategy for optimizing the treated wastewater reuse (TW), several irrigated agricultural areas have been created. The risk of TW crop irrigation depends on the one hand, to the TW quality and on the other hand, to the soil type and agricultural practices (type and crop rotation). In the El Hajeb area, TW deriving from the Sfax wastewater treatment plant is reused since 1989. The aim of this work is to evaluate the impact of the TW irrigation on soil and plants. Two soil types were analyzed for they cover the main study area: isohumic calcisol and calcic fluvisol irrigated respectively over 15 and 4 years. Several parameters have been characterized in the studied soils: physicochemical proprieties, geochemistry, major and metallic elements (ME). For both soil sites, two plants types have been sampled; forages plants (sorghum and alfalfa) and perennial plants (olives tree). Contents in major and metallic elements were also analyzed in the Plants samples. TW irrigation has affected both studied soils in different manners. However, in both cases the salinity has been increased. At the calcisol (OTD site), the negative impact of the salinity increase is buffered by the good permeability. For the clayey textured fluvisol (BZ site) irrigated for only 4 years, the salinity increase is more pronounced and the ESP reached the critical level of 15%. If this salinity increase has not affected crop yields by present, it has already inhibited SOM decomposition. For both soil types, the metallic elements (ME) mobility, both in terms of migration with depth or of transfer to the plants, is relatively low and limited to surface soil level. It remains difficult to discern the anthropogenic inputs from natural background of metallic elements. Limiting the study to the surface soil layer only (0-5 cm), it appears that the lateral variability of ME was induced by the irrigation system orientation (surface furrows). Whereas, the ME bioavailability is governed by the SOM level and the distance from the inlet of TW channel. Finally, determination of the rate of ME accumulation in tissues of two forages (alfalfa and sorghum), has shown that the metal uptake level depends mainly on the plant type. While, accumulations of metallic elements in leaves of olive trees are not significant to a statistical point of view
Angers, Bernard. "Effets des diètes salées sur l'équilibre hydrominéral et l'acclimatation à l'eau salée de l'omble de fontaine (Salvelinus fontinalis) /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1992. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textKhalid, Mostafa. "Effets de la surcharge en sel sur la distribution rénale en sous-type de récepteurs α(2) adrénergiques chez le rat Sabra : rôle de la testostérone." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T049.
Full textTruyen, David. "Etude par simulation composant 3D des effets singuliers SEU et SET induits par ions lourds sur le noeud technologique CMOS bulk 180 nm." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20139.
Full textCattan, Valérie. "Etude de la longueur des télomères, des effets artériels du sel et de l'aldostérone dans le vieillissement accéléré induit par le stress oxydant, le diabète et l'hypertension." Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN11314.
Full textCastillo, René. "Répercussions des processus biologiques, de la nourriture et de certains facteurs écologiques sur le métabolisme des pigments caroténoi͏̈des du crustacé décapode anomoure "Clibanarius erythropus" (Latreille, 1818)." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20068.
Full textLAGE, NOGUEIRA JOSE WILSON. "Faisabilite technico-economique d'un systeme solaire complexe constitue d'un bassin solaire et d'un distillateur a multiples effets en vue de la production simultanee de sel et d'eau distillee." Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE4517.
Full textGuissi, Abderrafie. "Influence des facteurs écologiques sur des populations larvaires de loup "Dicentrarchus labrax" (L. ) et de daurade "Sparus auratus" (Poissons Téléostéens) en élevage intensif." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20239.
Full textFougy, Lysiane. "Les impacts de la réduction de la teneur en sel sur la conservation et les écosystèmes bactériens des chipolatas." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA039/document.
Full textSalt content plays a key role in meat product preservation since it inhibits bacterial growth. However, dietary guidelines aim to reduce salt content in food. The objectives of this study were (1) to characterize the bacterial community of raw pork sausages and the spoilage phenomenon of these products under salt reduction conditions and (2) to correlate the organoleptic deterioration of the products to modifications in bacterial community.We first characterized the raw pork sausages spoilage by sensory and physicochemical analysis. The work demonstrates that spoilage intensity is greater under a reduced salt content, particularly when sausages are packaged under modified atmosphere. The spoilage is characterized by the production of sulfur, sour and rancid off-odors, a decrease in pH of the sausages and an increase of exudate production.At the same time, we described the bacterial diversity of spoiled sausages through 16S rRNA analysis. Abundance of bacterial species was quantified by qPCR. With these methods, we were able to distinguish the dominant population from the subdominant population. Reducing salt content causes an abundance imbalance between these two populations. This imbalance does not result from an increase of the dominant species; it results from a decrease in abundance of subdominant species.To understand the roles of these bacterial populations, we analyzed their metabolic activities by RNA-Seq approach. The works highlight a high metabolic activity of the subdominant species. When the salt concentration is lowest, the expression of Serratia sp. genes involved in the fermentation of pyruvate to produce ethanol, CO2 and acetate is most important. The acetate production may be connected to the spoilage defaults observed (decrease in pH, exudate production and sour off-odors).These studies reveal that salt reduction impacts the bacterial community of raw pork sausages (abundance and metabolic activities) and this disruption compromises the organoleptic quality of the products
Luu, Aurore. "Méthodologie de prédiction des effets destructifs dus à l'environnement radiatif naturel sur les MOSFETs et IGBTs de puissance." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00512340.
Full textLuong, Anh Tuan. "Influence de la concentration en sel sur la formation de phases solides dans les émulsions eau dans huile concentrées : application à l'étude des hydrates de CCl3F." Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1773.
Full textThis work concerns the study of formation of solid in water-rich (60%) water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions. Particular attention is given to the formation and dissociation of CCl3F hydrate, which is a good model of natural gas hydrates. The dissertation is divided into three main chapters: the first chapter deals with the mechanisms of formation of solid phases, starting from a pure substance (water) or from an aqueous salt solution. The second chapter focuses on the characterization of concentrated W/O emulsions by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which was found to be successful when dealing with opaque emulsions. The influence of salt concentration on the formation of ice in emulsion was also investigated. The last chapter is devoted to the formation and dissociation of CCl3F hydrate in emulsion by coupling DSC and X-ray diffraction. Similarities in the mechanisms of formation of ice and CCl3F hydrate were evidenced. Kinetics at constant temperature revealed a delay in crystal formation for both systems, which is larger when the temperature is closer to the equilibrium temperature, in accordance with classical theories of nucleation. In presence of salt, the behaviour of both solids, ice and clathrate hydrate, is similar. X-ray diffraction experiments enabled us to differentiate clearly the hydrate from ice and showed that the hydrate could be formed alone, without the presence of ice
Gaillard, Emmanuelle. "Étude des relations entre le manganèse et l'activité du système cardiovasculaire chez le rat normotendu et le rat soumis à une hypertension minéralocorticoïde DOCA-sel." Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESAA001.
Full textDesroys, du Roure François. "Influence de la concentration en chlorure de sodium sur l'inhibition de la thrombine par l'antithrombine III en présence d'héparine standard et de trois héparines de bas poids moléculaire." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P010.
Full textFathi, Riyad Abdullah. "Étude et sélection de jeunes plants d'eucalyptus tolérants au sel, dans les populations de divers niveaux de variabilité." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10292.
Full textMichalec, François-Gaël. "Influences de facteurs environnementaux sur le comportement natatoire de copépodes calanoïdes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10068/document.
Full textThe effects of environmental stressors on the dynamics of Eurytemora affinis and Pseudodiaptomus annandalei, two widespread species of estuarine calanoid copepods, were investigated by means of Three Dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry. We observed changes in the swimming behavior of P. annandalei in response to salinity variation. Results show an optimal salinity for swimming activity and highlight differences between adult states. Redirection of energy from swimming to osmoregulation when salinity diverges from the optimal range of the species is a possible explanation. We investigated the effects of sub-lethal concentrations of three commonly found contaminants on the behavior of E. affinis. Nonylphenol, cadmium and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons increased both swimming speed and activity. In most cases, effects were observable within 30 minutes of exposure and persisted or faded during a period of depuration of similar duration. Our results suggest that changes in behavior after a short-term exposure may be independent of the general mode of action of the chemicals. The increase in speed and activity resembles an escape reaction permitting copepods to evade stressful conditions. We investigated the effects of the diatom-derived aldehyde 2(E), 4(E) decadienal on the swimming behavior of P. annandalei. Short-term exposure to the toxin induced dose-dependent hyperactivity in the three adult states and a decrease in swimming speed. Multifractal analysis revealed differences in the statistical properties of the swimming behavior. Exposure to the toxin resulted in a more Brownian motion in males and ovigerous females, but had little effects on non-ovigerous females
El-Azab, Kadria Moustafa. "Mobilité, biodisponibilité et phytotoxicité du plomb et du zinc en conditions salines : cas du ray-grass dans une terre argilo-limoneuse et application aux risques de réutilisation des eaux de drainage pour l'irrigation dans le delta du Nil." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN10011.
Full textThe wastewater re-use is a very world wide practice in the areas affected by shortages of water resources. For the majority of the countries of the arid and semi arid regions, water became the principal factor limiting their development. Egypt is one of the Mediterranean countries which is affected by shortages of water good quality resources. The re-use of this water for agricultural production is accompanied with salinization problems, which always develops because of the bad irrigation and drainage practices, especially with the irrigated agriculture in arid regions with high rates of evapotranspiration. The irrigation with wastewater is not only one source of dissolved salts but also of metallic trace elements (MTEs). The principal goal of this work was to study the effect of wastewater re-use with different salinity levels on the behaviour of metallic trace elements (MTEs) such as Zn and Pb in the presence or absence of plants. The combined effects of salinity and MTEs on the growth of rye-grass, and its production of biomass as been studied. Two experimental techniques were used : pot cultures with two different irrigation systems, with and without water excess, and hydroponic cultures to evaluate the effects of various salinity levels on the bioavailability, bioaccumulation, and phytotoxicity of Zn and Pb for the rye-grass. Salinity had a similar toxic effect on the growth of plants even if the sensitivity of plants is higher in hydroponic conditions. The bioavailability of Pb is limited compared with Zn which shows a higher transfer to the plants, with its higher translocation in the shoots and its phytotoxic effects on the growth of plants. However, the bioavailability of Pb is increased when the plant react actively to salinity stress. Thus, the bioavailability of MTEs can vary with the salinity. The bioaccumulation and the translocation of the MTEs in the shoots of the rye-grass increase when the plant reacts actively to a saline stress. The toxic effect of soil and irrigation water salinity on the growth of rye-grass and production of biomass can be affected by the MTEs according to the interaction between these two risk factors
Rahmani, Fatima. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de résistance à la salinité de quelques espèces fongiques du genre aspergillus." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10079.
Full textMezgueldi, Hamid El. "L'adaptation aux sols salés de l'espèce rudérale "Dittrichia viscosa" W. Greuter : recherche d'une différenciation de populations sur un gradient de salinité de 60 mètres." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20215.
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