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Journal articles on the topic 'Cotton development'

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1

Li, Zhaoguo, Zhen Liu, Yangyang Wei, et al. "Genome-wide identification of the MIOX gene family and their expression profile in cotton development and response to abiotic stress." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (2021): e0254111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254111.

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The enzyme myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) catalyzes the myo-inositol into glucuronic acid. In this study, 6 MIOX genes were identified from all of the three diploid cotton species (Gossypium arboretum, Gossypium herbaceum and Gossypium raimondii) and Gossypioides kirkii, 12 MIOX genes were identified from two domesticated tetraploid cottons Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium barbadense, and 11 MIOX genes were identified from three wild tetraploid cottons Gossypium tomentosum, Gossypium mustelinum and Gossypium darwinii. The number of MIOX genes in tetraploid cotton genome is roughly twice that of diploid cotton genome. Members of MIOX family were classified into six groups based on the phylogenetic analysis. Integrated analysis of collinearity events and chromosome locations suggested that both whole genome duplication and segmental duplication events contributed to the expansion of MIOX genes during cotton evolution. The ratios of non-synonymous (Ka) and synonymous (Ks) substitution rates revealed that purifying selection was the main force driving the evolution of MIOX genes. Numerous cis-acting elements related to light responsive element, defense and stress responsive element were identified in the promoter of the MIOX genes. Expression analyses of MIOX genes based on RNA-seq data and quantitative real time PCR showed that MIOX genes within the same group shared similar expression patterns with each other. All of these results provide the foundation for further study of the biological functions of MIOX genes in cotton environmental adaptability.
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2

Abduraxmanov, Obidjon, Shavkat Shukurov, Fotima Bozorova, and Ayimxon Chabikova. "DEVELOPMENT OF NUTRITION STANDARDS FOR THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF COTTON." MODERN SCIENCE AND RESEARCH 2, no. 12 (2023): 40–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10277905.

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<i>Researches and measures are being carried out on the scientific basis of the development of new, promising and regionalized cotton varieties care technology created by scientists today in our republic. Five countries account for 76% of the total cotton raw materials grown in the world, including India 7.1 million, China 6.5 million, Brazil 2.9 million, and Pakistan 2.7 million. tons". The use of water and resource-saving technologies in the effective use of available water reserves in agriculture is one of the urgent tasks. High results are achieved by using cotton irrigation, feeding and resource-saving technologies. In the growth and development of cotton, when favorable conditions of air, heat, moisture and nutrition are created, it grows and develops rapidly, and it is possible to grow industrial cotton raw materials of high and fiber type IV. Based on this, special attention is being paid to scientific research aimed at the application of integrated modern water-saving irrigation technologies and effective use of available resources in cotton agrotechnics.</i>
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3

Hughs, Sidney E., Gregory A. Holt, Carlos B. Armijo, Derek P. Whitelock, and Thomas D. Valco. "COTTON GINNERS HANDBOOK: Development of the Cotton Gin." Journal of Cotton Science 24, no. 1 (2020): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/medh2749.

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Cotton fiber was first used in 6000 B.C. The two New World cotton species that are most of today’s production include G. hirsutum (Upland) and G. barbadense (Extra Long Staple [ELS]). The first cotton gin existed by the 5th century A.D (single-roller gin). The next development was the churka gin (double-roller gin) which ginned cotton five times faster than the single-roller gin. The churka gin was widely used in North America by 1750 and ginned both Upland and Sea Island (ELS) cotton. The spike-tooth cotton gin was developed by Eli Whitney in 1794. Hodgen Holmes developed a continuous flow gin with toothed saw blades in 1796. These were a different concept than the double-roller gins. Holmes’ saw gin dominated the industry for Upland cotton (and still does), whereas double-roller gin use continued for Sea Island cotton. In 1840, Fones McCarthy developed a reciprocating-knife roller gin. The saw gin had a significantly higher ginning capacity than the McCarthy gin, so it was used with Upland cotton and the McCarthy roller gin was used with Sea Island cotton to preserve the long-staple cotton’s quality. Sea Island production ceased in 1923 because of the boll weevil, but Pima (ELS) cotton had developed by this time in the Southwest, so roller gin use continued. In 1963, a rotary-knife roller gin was developed that ginned at five times the rate of a reciprocating-knife gin. A high-speed roller gin was developed in 2005 with a ginning capacity, on a per-width basis, comparable to modern-day saw gins.
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4

Lei, Z., T. X. Liu, and S. M. Greenberg. "Feeding, oviposition and survival of Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Bt and non-Bt cottons." Bulletin of Entomological Research 99, no. 3 (2008): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485308006317.

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AbstractThe effects of Bt transgenic cottons (Bt-I expressing cry1Ac and Bt-II expressing cry1Ab and cry2Ab or cry1Ab and cry1Fa) and non-Bt cottons on feeding, oviposition and longevity of adults, and development and survival of Liriomyza trifolii larvae were studied under laboratory conditions; and infestation on four Bt and two non-Bt cotton traits were investigated under field conditions. Laboratory choice and no-choice tests showed that L. trifolii adults were capable of distinguishing between Bt cottons and non-Bt cottons. In a choice test on younger plants (4–5 leaves), the adults were found more often and made more feeding punctures (FP) on non-Bt cottons than on Bt cottons. On older plants (8–9 leaves), adults made the most FP on non-Bt cotton followed by those on Bt-II cottons and the least on Bt-I cotton. The females oviposited more eggs (6.7 eggs per leaf) on non-Bt cotton than on Bt-I (1.7 eggs per leaf) and Bt-II (0.8 eggs per leaf) cottons on younger plants and oviposited similar numbers of eggs (0.7–1.3 eggs per leaf) on non-Bt and Bt cottons on older plants. In a no-choice test, the females also fed more FP on non-Bt cottons than on Bt cottons on both younger and older plants. The females oviposited more eggs (15.6 eggs per leaf) on non-Bt cotton than on Bt-I (8.2 eggs per leaf) and Bt-II (6.5 eggs per leaf) cottons on younger plants and similar numbers of eggs (2.5–3.3 eggs per leaf) on non-Bt and Bt cottons on older plants. Larval and puparial survivals were not different among Bt and non-Bt cottons. The occurrence and damage of leafminers on cottons in the field showed that L. trifolii infested more plants and leaves and had more mines on non-Bt cotton than on Bt cottons.
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5

Rylander, R. "Plant constituents of cotton dust and lung effects after inhalation." European Respiratory Journal 1, no. 9 (1988): 812–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.01090812.

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Experiments were performed to assess pulmonary reactions after inhalation of cotton dusts with different levels of tannins, terpenoid aldehydes and bacterial endotoxins. Guinea-pigs were exposed to cotton dust. Free lung cells were obtained by lavage 24 h later. A dose-response relationship was found between the number of neutrophils and the amount of endotoxin in the dust. No influence of terpenoid aldehyde or tannin levels could be detected. Cotton mill workers were exposed to dust from glanded and glandless cottons in an experimental cardroom. The average decreases in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) over the workday after carding the two cottons were the same, although levels of dust, tannin or terpenoid aldehydes were different. The level of airborne endotoxin was, however, equal. The results support observations from other studies on the importance of endotoxin for the development of the acute reactions observed after cotton dust exposure.
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6

Gore, Jeffrey, and John J. Adamczyk. "Characterization of Soybean Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Tolerance to Bollgard® Cotton: Implications for Resistance Management." Journal of Entomological Science 39, no. 2 (2004): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-39.2.235.

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The soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), is an occasional pest of cotton and an annual pest of soybean in the southern United States. The development of resistance by soybean looper to the Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner Cry1Ac protein in Bollgard® cotton could potentially influence the efficacy of foliar B. thuringiensis products in soybean. Soybean looper larvae and pupae collected from plots of Bollgard cotton weighed less than larvae and pupae collected from non-Bollgard cotton. Soybean loopers collected from non-Bollgard and Bollgard cotton were maintained separately in the laboratory. No differences were observed in the susceptibility of the subsequent generation (F1) of soybean looper larvae from non-Bollgard and Bollgard cottons to Cry1Ac based on concentration-mortality data. Neonates from each of these colonies were allowed to complete development on non-treated and Cry1Ac-treated (1.0 μg/ml) meridic diet. Larval weights at 9 d and pupal weights were lower on Cry1Ac-treated diet than on non-treated diet. There were no apparent vigor differences in the two colonies based on development on non-treated diet. In addition, developmental times of larvae from both colonies were longer on Cry1Ac diet than on non-treated diet. These data indicate that development of soybean looper on Bollgard cotton has no effect on the tolerance of subsequent soybean looper generations to Cry1Ac.
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7

Thorp, K. R., S. Ale, M. P. Bange, et al. "Development and Application of Process-based Simulation Models for Cotton Production: A Review of Past, Present, and Future Directions." Journal of Cotton Science 18, no. 1 (2014): 10–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/oovc6073.

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The development and application of cropping system simulation models for cotton production has a long and rich history, beginning in the southeastern U. S. in the 1960s and now expanded to major cotton production regions globally. This paper briefly reviews the history of cotton simulation models, examines applications of the models since the turn of the century, and identifies opportunities for improving models and their use in cotton research and decision support. Cotton models reviewed include those specific to cotton (GOSSYM, Cotton2K, COTCO2, OZCOT, and CROPGRO-Cotton) and generic crop models that have been applied to cotton production (EPIC, WOFOST, SUCROS, GRAMI, CropSyst, and AquaCrop). Model application areas included crop water use and irrigation water management, nitrogen dynamics and fertilizer management, genetics and crop improvement, climatology, global climate change, precision agriculture, model integration with sensor data, economics, and classroom instruction. Generally, the literature demonstrated increased emphasis on cotton model development in the previous century and on cotton model application in the current century. Although efforts to develop cotton models have a 40-year history, no comparisons among cotton models were reported. Such efforts would be advisable as an initial step to evaluate current cotton simulation strategies. Increasingly, cotton simulation models are being applied by nontraditional crop modelers, who are not trained agronomists but wish to use the models for broad economic or life-cycle analyses. Although this trend demonstrates the growing interest in the models and their potential utility for a variety of applications, it necessitates the development of models with appropriate complexity and ease-of-use for a given application, and improved documentation and teaching materials are needed to educate potential model users. Spatial scaling issues are also increasingly prominent, as models originally developed for use at the field scale are being implemented for regional simulations over large geographic areas. Research steadily progresses toward the advanced goal of model integration with variable-rate control systems, which use real-time crop status and environmental information to spatially and temporally optimize applications of crop inputs, while also considering potential environmental impacts, resource limitations, and climate forecasts. Overall, the review demonstrates a languished effort in cotton simulation model development, but the application of existing models in a variety of research areas remains strong and continues to grow.
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8

Ochildiev, Fayzulla. "Cotton Production Development In Bukhara Emirate During The Late XIX – Early XX Centuries." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 02 (2021): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue02-19.

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This article highlights such problems as the development of agriculture and cotton growing in the Bukhara Emirate at the end of the XX century; the policy of the Russian Empire of cotton growing after the conquest of the Bukhara Emirate; construction of the first cotton processing plants in the Bukhara emirate, as well as the expansion of land for growing cotton; leasing of a large number of Emirate lands as a result of the increased demand for cotton by the Russian Empire.
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9

Jan, Masood, Zhixin Liu, Chenxi Guo, and Xuwu Sun. "Molecular Regulation of Cotton Fiber Development: A Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9 (2022): 5004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095004.

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Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is an economically important natural fiber crop. The quality of cotton fiber has a substantial effect on the quality of cotton textiles. The identification of cotton fiber development-related genes and exploration of their biological functions will not only enhance our understanding of the elongation and developmental mechanisms of cotton fibers but also provide insights that could aid the cultivation of new cotton varieties with improved fiber quality. Cotton fibers are single cells that have been differentiated from the ovule epidermis and serve as a model system for research on single-cell differentiation, growth, and fiber production. Genes and fiber formation mechanisms are examined in this review to shed new light on how important phytohormones, transcription factors, proteins, and genes linked to fiber development work together. Plant hormones, which occur in low quantities, play a critically important role in regulating cotton fiber development. Here, we review recent research that has greatly contributed to our understanding of the roles of different phytohormones in fiber development and regulation. We discuss the mechanisms by which phytohormones regulate the initiation and elongation of fiber cells in cotton, as well as the identification of genes involved in hormone biosynthetic and signaling pathways that regulate the initiation, elongation, and development of cotton fibers.
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10

Jain, Anil Kumar, Addisu Ferede Tesema, and Adane Haile. "Development of multifunctional cotton using fluorocarbon resin." Journal of Textiles and Fibrous Materials 1 (January 1, 2018): 251522111878605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515221118786052.

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An attempt has been made to develop multifunctional cotton fabric, possessing water repellent, stain repellent, shrink resistance and quick dry properties using fluorocarbon resin. The hydrophobicity of cotton fabric was determined by carrying out water repellency test, taking scanning electron microscopic photographs and measuring water contact angle. The durability of hydrophobicity of cotton was tested till 20 washes and found satisfactory. Oil repellency was determined employing hydrocarbons resistance test. The air permeability of cotton fabric was also determined keeping in view the impact on breathability of treated cotton and was found quite good. The untreated and treated cotton fabric was subjected to repeated domestic laundry condition, and shrinkage was measured, which indicated excellent shrink resistance behaviour because of its water repelling characteristic. This hydrophobicity of cotton also added to its quick dry behaviour even at low temperature and high relative humidity. The physical properties of treated dyed cotton fabric samples were compared with untreated, and no significant changes were observed in colour fastness to washing, rubbing, perspiration and light. The tensile and tear strength showed good retention even at higher concentration of fluorocarbon resin. This work is of great industrial importance for textile products used in home textiles. The textile industry can fetch more export earnings by doing multiple value addition using the same chemical. The work reported in the literature is about using fluorocarbon and developing water- and oil-repellent fabrics. In the present work, apart from water and oil repellency, shrink resistance and quick dry behaviour of cotton textile has also been established using same fluorocarbon because of hydrophobicity imparted to cotton.
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11

Khanpara, B. M., and R. K. Kathiria. "Development and performance evaluation of picking mechanism for knapsack cotton picker." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 19, no. 1 (2023): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/19.1/145-152.

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One of the most significant fibre cash crops in both India and the rest of the world is cotton (Gossypium herbaceum). India is the world’s second-largest cotton producer. Cotton is hand-picked by human labours in India, which is a laborious and time-consuming task. In existing knapsack cotton picker, the cotton quality was compromised due to the impact of the impeller vanes during conveying of picked cotton to collector. Keeping all these aspects in mind, a picking mechanism for knapsack power driven cotton picker was developed with considering the agronomical parameters, functional requirements, engineering requirements and ergonomic aspects. As a power source, a 0.9 kW, 5500 rpm petrol engine was used. The remaining components of the knapsack cotton picker, such as the aspirator, impeller, sucking assembly, collecting sack, mounting frame and so on, were developed according to design specifications. It was evaluated how effectively the knapsack cotton picker performed in terms of picking capacity, picking efficiency, harvesting losses, trash content, the quality of machine-picked cotton, and operation costs. Based on trial results using cotton varieties as GPG-3, a knapsack cotton picker’s picking capacity was determined to be 7.62 kg/ h. The average picking efficiency for cotton picking using a knapsack cotton picker was 95.79%. The harvesting losses and trash content were determined as 4.21% and 8.13%, respectively in case of knapsack cotton picker. The fiber quality in terms of span length, uniformity ratio and strength was not affected by knapsack cotton picker. There was reduction in time requirement and the picking cost by 51.44 and 14.86%, respectively over manual picking method. Cotton picking with a knapsack cotton picker showed a 3.27% increase in overall net realization over manual picking.
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12

Sun, Christine (Qin), Dong Zhang, Larry C. Wadsworth, and Mac McLean. "Development of Innovative Cotton-Surfaced Nonwoven Laminates." Journal of Industrial Textiles 31, no. 3 (2002): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1106/152808302026111.

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Cotton-based nonwovens have been developed at Textiles and Nonwovens Development Center (TANDEC), The University of Tennessee, with the cotton fibers on the surface or in the core layer laminated with meltblown (MB) and/or spunbonded (SB) webs. Both Cotton-Surfaced Nonwovens (CSN) and Cotton-Core Nonwovens (CCN) have excellent soft hand, breathability, absorbency, and tensile properties making them ideal for many medical applications such as isolation gowns, hospital drapes and gowns, shoe covers, head covers, underwear, pillowcases, diaper components (acquisition, core, back sheet), feminine hygiene pads, baby wipes, etc. In this paper, the processes to produce these cotton-surfaced nonwovens will be presented, including as-bonded, heat-stretched CSN fabrics, and foam-finished CSN nonwovens.
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13

Kumar, Ch Sravan, K. V. Prakash, Sanjeeva Reddy, et al. "Development of Cotton stalk harvesting machine for ex-situ application." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28, no. 08 (2022): S61—S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i08s.011.

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Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is an important commercial crop in India. Annually 30.79 million tons of cotton stalk residue is being generated in India. In India, after harvesting cotton lint, cotton stalks are removed by either manual uprooting or cutting them using sickle above the ground level, which is a laborious operation and contributes to increase in crop production. After removing cotton stalks from field, farmers are burning cotton stalks in their fields. Burning of stalks increases CO2, CO, N2O and NOx in the atmosphere which leads to increase in air pollution. Instead of burning the stalks in fields, cotton stalks have the potential to be used for ex-situ application such as, raw material for briquettes due to its high lignocellulosic nature. Ex-situ utilization cotton stalk aids in generating additional income to farmers. In order to utilize the cotton stalk for ex-situ application a cotton stalk harvester was developed and evaluated in the field conditions which gave the following results; mean chopped length 122.7 mm, bulk density 197.86 kgm-3, fineness modulus 1.828, machine output of 1259.85 kgh-1, chopping height 118.6 mm field capacity 0.17 ha h-1, and fuel consumption of 7.54lh-1.
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14

P. Kamaraj and K. Kathirvel. "Development and Evaluation of Tractor Operated Belt Type Cotton Planter." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 45, no. 1 (2008): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2008451.1316.

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Cotton plays a major role in Indian economy and offers employment for more than 60 million people. Cotton planting is conventionally done by manual dibbling which involves maximum manual labours compared to the other operations, ultimately resulting in higher cost of cultivation. The cotton planting needs to reduce the operational costs, minimizing human drudgery and increase the production. The appropriate crop, machine and operational parameters were identified and a tractor operated prototype belt type cotton planter was developed and evaluated for its performance in actual field conditions. The performance of belt type cotton planter was compared with pneumatic planter, ridger seeder and manual planting. The belt type cotton planter recorded minimum draft of 950 N and minimum fuel consumption of 3.79 1h-1 The belt type cotton planter proved its superiority by registering 73.33% of two plants per hill, 6.67% of missing hills and maintained the recommended plant population and desired plant spacing. The use of belt type cotton planter for planting cotton resulted in 68.62 and 98.46% saving in cost and time, respectively when compared to the manual planting.
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Yang, C. Q., Hui Yang, and Qin Chen. "New Development in Flame Retardant Finishing of Cotton Blend Fabrics." Key Engineering Materials 671 (November 2015): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.671.157.

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Blending cotton with synthetic fibers drastically improved durability for use in protective clothing. Developing new flame retardant finishing technology for cotton blends was critical for producing low cost, durable and high performance fire resistance military protective clothing. In this paper, we discussed the flame retardant finishing of the Nomex/cotton (65/35) blend fabric using a hydroxy-functional organophosphorus oligomer (HFPO) in combination with 1,2,3,4-butane-tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) as a bonding agent and triethanolamine (TEA) as a reactive co-additive. Because cotton was a highly flammable fiber, the Nomex/cotton blend fabric containing more than 20% cotton required flame-retardant finishing treatment. BTCA reacted with HFPO, cotton and TEA to form BTCA/HFPO/TEA/cotton crosslinked polymeric network, which improved the hydrolysis resistance of HFPO, whereas TEA provided synergistic nitrogen to enhance the performance of HFPO. The Nomex/cotton blend treated with the HFPO/BTCA/TEA system shows high flame retardant performance and excellent laundering durability at relatively low add-on levels. We also discussed the flame retardant finishing of the 50/50 nylon/cotton blend military fabrics using the combination of HFPO and dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), which formed HFPO/DMDHEU crosslinked networks on both cotton and nylon in the blends. The treated blend fabric passed the vertical burning test after 40-50 launderings cycles with negligible fabric strength loss. The heat release rate data indicated that the nylon and cotton fibers interacted with each other during their thermal decomposition on the blend fabric treated with the HFPO/DMDHEU system.
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Dilshod, Musayev, Navruz Sattorov, Jamila Abdullaeva, et al. "Plant Bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae) Development and Damage to Cotton Crop in Uzbekistan." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 19 (April 20, 2023): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2023.19.29.

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This article provides information on the types of plant bugs, their damage, and measures to combat them in cotton agrobiocenoses of Uzbekistan. As a result of the conducted research, 15 species of bugs, of which Eurystylus bellevoyei (Reuter, 1879) species were identified for the first time in the cotton fields of Uzbekistan. In special experiments in the cages, it was determined that when 100-150 bugs correspond to 100 cotton plants during the vegetation stage of the cotton plant, cotton yield decreases to 32.3-36.4% owing to the effect of alfalfa bug (Adelphocoris lineolatus) and 8.6-13.5% owing to the plant bug (Lygus. protensis). If cotton is infected with a cotton shredder bug (Creontiades pallidus) in the early period (June), the yield of cotton decreases from 61.6% to 88.9%, if there are 30 to 150 plant bugs per 100 cotton plants. If it is infected later (July-August), the yield of cotton decreases from 38.0 to 50.2%. If fine fiber cotton is damaged by bugs (100-150 specimens per 100 cotton plants) during the vegetation stage, the cotton yield will decrease by 55.5-65.3% compared to the control variant. The most effective drugs against plant bugs are: Safegor, 40% (98.3%), Ribo Super, 25% (93.4%), Transform, 50% (92.5%), and Mosetam 20 (82.8-81.9%). Arvilmek 1.8 (active substance- abamectin), Lead, 5% (substance-pymetrozine), Imido Star, 20% (imidacloprid) were found to have unsatisfactory (below 70.0%) results against cotton bugs.
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Jyoti M Nath and PG Patil. "Development of an Application Software COTSOFT for Cotton Variety Update." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 40, no. 4 (2003): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2003404.1057.

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The Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology (CIRCOT) releases the cotton variety update in a booklet form every year to assist cotton traders and textile mills in their purchase planning at the start of cotton season. It is difficult for a user to select a particular cotton variety and region of his choice at a glance from this booklet. A software COTSOFT was developed to facilitate the user and give information on all the important fibre quality parameters viz. 2.5% span length (mm), length uniformity (UR %), fineness (MIC value) and strength (tenacity 3.2mm (g/t) along with the location of all the prominent cotton varieties. The developed software COTSOFT can be used to access and retrieve cotton varietal information by feeding the necessary quality parameters as input. The paper presents the development and application of COTSOFT.
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18

Madaliev, M. E., D. P. Navruzov, F. Kh Nazarov, Y. Y. Hamrayev, S. A. Boltayev, and S. K. Abdukhamidov. "Development of new efficient technology for extraction of fine dust impurities from cotton." E3S Web of Conferences 401 (2023): 05009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340105009.

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To date, the problem of creating an effective technology for the extraction of fine dust pollution from cotton has not been solved. This article provides a solution to this problem. The socio-economic significance of the study lies in the fact that the proposed device is associated with significant savings in energy costs for cleaning cotton from dust. After the contaminated cotton enters the threshing floor, under great pressure, fine trash settles firmly inside the cotton. It makes it very difficult to process and clean it in cotton factories. Therefore, the cleaning process of cotton has to be repeated several times. The cost of energy consumed during cleaning increases significantly and the cotton fiber quality is reduced. The device proposed in the article cleans the collected cotton from impurities during machine harvesting. The process of cleaning cotton at this stage is very effective. As a result, the cost of harvested cotton is reduced, which increases the income of cotton farmers and workers employed in cotton factories. In addition, it causes an increase in the quality of textile products. Another socio-economic significance of the device proposed in the article is that it can be installed on a cotton harvester and in other places. In addition, it can be used not only to clean cotton but also to clean other substances from fine dust. As a result of practical research, technology has been developed to extract small contaminants from cotton.
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C., Arunkumar, and Shanmugam. "GROWTH TREND OF COTTON CULTIVATION IN KARNATAKA: AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 6, S2 (2019): 58–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2637457.

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<em>The study analyses about the growth trend in area, production, and yield of cotton in India as well as Karnataka State. Cotton is an important crop for the sustainable economy of the country and livelihood security of the community Indian Cotton Farming. It is cultivated was 312 lakh hectares across the global level and in around 117 lakh hectares in the country. Thus, India accounts for around 37.5 per cent of the global cotton area and contributes to 26 per cent (i.e 6.20 Million Tonnes) of the global cotton produce of 23.92 Million Tonnes. Cotton continues to enjoy a pre-eminent and the most favored fiber status among the Indian textile mills, as the major raw material for the textile industry. The textile industry, which consumes the cotton, as its principal raw material, contributes about 4% to the GDP and is the major exchange earner for the country. Hence, growth and development of cotton and cotton based textile industry has a vital bearing on the overall development of the Indian economy. This study mainly focused on present status of area, production and yield under cotton. Further, article revealed that the development programmes for improvement in productivity of cotton and skill developments for cotton cultivators in India as well as Karnataka State. </em>
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20

Zhang, Qi, Liang Hua, and Juan Yao. "Development of Detection System for Cotton Plastic Covering Using Ultrasonic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 1439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.1439.

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Polyethylene is widely used as mulching plastic film in china cotton area. Collecting plastic film residue using machine is difficult. The cotton mixed with plastic film residue is badly harmful to cotton production, and causes great loss to cotton spinning enterprise. The detection system for cotton plastic covering using ultrasonic is developed in the paper. Sound wave echo method is used to detect plastic film residue mixed in seed cotton. The SCM is used to process echo signal and compensate measurement error caused by temperature variation. Experimental result shows that the system developed in the paper have features of low lost, high detection accuracy, high resolution and it has broad prospect in application.
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Rahimjanovich, Sattarov Ilxomjon, Israilov Rustambek Ibragimovich, Xoliqov Qurbonali Madaminovich, and Xasanova Shoira. "Development analysis of cotton-textile clusters in Namangan region." American Journal of Engineering and Technology 7, no. 2 (2025): 25–29. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/volume07issue02-05.

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This article presents an analysis of the economic growth and development indicators of cotton-textile clusters in the Namangan region. The study examines the key factors influencing the formation and expansion of these clusters, including production capacity, employment rates, investment inflows, and export performance. Special attention is given to the role of government support, infrastructure development, and technological advancements in enhancing the competitiveness of the textile industry. Findings indicate that the integration of cotton farming with textile manufacturing has contributed to increased value-added production, improved supply chain efficiency, and enhanced international market penetration. The study also highlights challenges such as raw material supply fluctuations, market competition, and environmental considerations, offering recommendations for optimizing the cluster-based approach to foster long-term industrial growth in Namangan.
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YANG, YUANFA, SHIYU CAI, YANG ZOU, et al. "Development and reproduction of Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Acari: Tetranychiae) on transgenic insect-resistant cotton plants." Zoosymposia 22 (November 30, 2022): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.22.1.202.

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The effects of two insect-resistant transgenic cotton strains (transgenic Bt pest-resistant cotton Zhongkangza 5 and Lumianyan 23, transgenic Bt+CpTI pest-resistant cotton sGK958 and Zhongmiansuo 45) on the growth and reproduction of Tetranychus cinnabarinus was examined in comparison with non-transgenic cotton (K836) at 70% relative humidity and 30±0.5 ℃. The results showed that T. cinnabarinus fed on transgenic Bt cotton and transgenic Bt+CpTI cotton differed significantly from those on conventional cotton in development time of various stages. Furthermore, the development times of mites on transgenic Bt cotton and transgenic Bt+CpTI cotton were the same, but the development times of T. cinnabarinus fed on transgenic Bt pest-resistant cotton Zhongkangza 5 and Lumianyan 23 were different, as well as the development times of T. cinnabarinus fed on transgenic Bt+CpTI pest-resistant cotton sGK958 and Zhongmiansuo 45. The pre-oviposition period, oviposition period and the female mite life span were longer (1.44 d, 12.71 d, and 14.11 d respectively) on non-transgenic cotton than on transgenic cotton. The maximum fecundity was 75.61 eggs per female on non-transgenic cotton and the minimum fecundity (54.68 eggs per female) was observed in mites fed on sGK958. The net reproductive rate (R0) was the highest (55.000) on non-transgenic cotton, but was the smallest (37.219) on Zhongkangza 5. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was the highest (0.454) on non-transgenic cotton, but was the smallest (0.246) on Zhongkangza 5. The finite rate of increase (λ) was the highest (1.575) on non-transgenic cotton, but was the smallest (1.278) on Zhongkangza 5. The population doubling time (DT) was the shortest (1.526 d) on non-transgenic cotton, but was the longest (2.823 d) on Zhongkangza 5. The results of this study indicated the negative effects of transgenic cotton on the development and reproduction of T. cinnabarinus was significant: the larvae had the lowest survival rate after feeding on five kinds of cotton, while deutonymphs had the highest survival rate; the hatching rate and deutonymph survival rate of T. cinnabarinus fed on CK were the highest, while the hatching rate and larval survival rate of the sGK958 were the lowest. Transgenic insect-resistant cotton basically showed significant effects on the development period of each stage and the whole generation of T. cinnabarinus, but there were no significant differences between univalent transgenic Bt cotton and bivalent transgenic Bt+CpTI cotton.
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Chawla, Shilpi, Jason E. Woodward, and Terry A. Wheeler. "Influence ofVerticillium dahliaeInfested Peanut Residue on Wilt Development in Subsequent Cotton." International Journal of Agronomy 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/212075.

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Texas ranks first in cotton production in the United States and accounts for approximately 40% of the total production. Most of the cotton production is concentrated in the Texas High Plains where cotton and peanut are commonly grown in rotation. With peanut being a legume crop, farmers routinely leave residue on the soil surface to improve soil fertility; however,V. dahliaecan survive in the crop residue contributing inoculum to the soil. A microplot study was conducted to investigate the impact of peanut residue infested withV. dahliaeon subsequent microsclerotia density in soil and Verticillium wilt development in cotton. The effects of infested peanut residue rate on percent germination of cotton seeds and on wilt incidence were monitored in 2008 and 2009. In both years microplots were planted with a susceptible cotton cultivar, Stoneville (ST) 4554B2RF. Increasing infested peanut residue rate was positively correlated with wilt incidence in cotton and negatively correlated with germination of cotton seeds. Density of microsclerotia in the soil increased significantly with increasing rates of infested peanut residue over time. Results indicate infested peanut residue serve as a source ofV. dahliaeinoculum, and removing infested residue can reduce disease development in subsequent cotton crops.
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Manivannan, A., and Amal T. Cheeran. "Proteomics of Cotton Fiber Development." Research Biotica 4, no. 2 (2022): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54083/resbio/4.2.2022/47-50.

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25

Gray, Leslie C., Brian Dowd-Uribe, and Jonathan Kaminski. "Weaving cotton-led development? Liberalization, cotton producer organizations, and uneven development in Burkina Faso." Journal of Agrarian Change 18, no. 4 (2018): 831–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joac.12229.

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26

Suriya, S., and N. Navina. "Development and Analysis of CNN based Disease Detection in Cotton Plants." Journal of Innovative Image Processing 5, no. 2 (2023): 140–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jiip.2023.2.006.

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Plant diseases occur due to some organisms like bacteria, viruses and fungi, and has been a problem in agriculture around the world for centuries. Cotton is one of the most highly produced crop in India. Cotton crop help farmers to make good income. The main disadvantage of cotton crop is that it is highly prone to diseases. Early detection and diagnosis of cotton disease is a solution to this problem. Therefore, this research focuses on implementing and evaluating a Machine Learning Algorithm (CNN model) for the analysis and detection of cotton plant diseases. The dataset is pre-processed, the RGB images are converted into grayscale images and the images are resized into a fixed dimension to feed them into the CNN model. The model architecture consists of multiple convolutional layers followed by max-pooling and dense layers. The proposed method significantly contributes to the detection and management of cotton diseases, leading to increased crop yield and economic benefits for cotton farmers.
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Zhang, Yong Ge. "The Development of Low Gauge Pure Cotton Warp Knitted Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 1048 (October 2014): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1048.113.

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The majority of knitted pure cotton fabrics are weft knitted products, while warp knitted products are of few varieties. This paper mainly develops low gauge pure cotton warp knitted fabric using compact spinning and it obtains better result, increases the varieties of knitted pure cotton products.
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28

Zhang, Hong-Bin, Yaning Li, Baohua Wang, and Peng W. Chee. "Recent Advances in Cotton Genomics." International Journal of Plant Genomics 2008 (January 23, 2008): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/742304.

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Genome research promises to promote continued and enhanced plant genetic improvement. As a world's leading crop and a model system for studies of many biological processes, genomics research of cottons has advanced rapidly in the past few years. This article presents a comprehensive review on the recent advances of cotton genomics research. The reviewed areas include DNA markers, genetic maps, mapped genes and QTLs, ESTs, microarrays, gene expression profiling, BAC and BIBAC libraries, physical mapping, genome sequencing, and applications of genomic tools in cotton breeding. Analysis of the current status of each of the genome research areas suggests that the areas of physical mapping, QTL fine mapping, genome sequencing, nonfiber and nonovule EST development, gene expression profiling, and association studies between gene expression and fiber trait performance should be emphasized currently and in near future to accelerate utilization of the genomics research achievements for enhancing cotton genetic improvement.
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Sakthivel, S., S. Senthil Kumar, N. Mekala, and G. Dhanapriya. "Development of Sound Absorbing Recycled Nonwoven Composite Materials." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1059, no. 1 (2021): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1059/1/012023.

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Abstract The Sound absorbent textile materials, especially nonwoven composite structure of reclaimed materials which have low manufacturing costs, low relative density and are more attractive. In this research the use of reclaimed cotton and polyester fiber for production of sound absorption nonwoven composite materials has been investigated. Three different blend ratios of reclaimed cotton and polyester fibers that is 25:75, 40:60 and 50:50 have been used. The reclaimed cotton and polyester nonwoven composites are specified for their physical properties, such as thickness, areal density, bulk density, porosity and sound absorption characteristics in the frequency range of 250HZ-2KHZ. The values of the sound absorption coefficient and noise reduction coefficient acquired signifies that the reclaimed polyester fiber nonwoven composite holds excellent sound absorption behavior in the entire frequency range. Before compressed reclaimed cotton/polyester nonwoven composite of 25:75 blend ratios with greater bulk density and lower porosity is seen to give excellent performance while using the provided air gap behind the reclaimed cotton/polyester nonwoven composites.
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Maftuna, Y. Ruzikulova. "HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE DESERT OF CENTRAL FERGANA." LOOK TO THE PAST 5, no. 6 (2022): 5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6758017.

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In the article, the processes of development and irrigation desert&rsquo;s of lands in Central Ferghana, as well as of collective farm and state farms in these areas specialized to cotton - growing on the principles of cotton monopoly policy of the Soviet Government and increase of provision of cotton to the &ldquo;Centre&rdquo; and its negative results are elucidated with the help of primary sources.
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Ashfaq, Muhammad, S. Y. Young, and R. W. McNew. "Development of Spodoptera exigua and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Transgenic Cotton Containing CrylAc Insecticidal Protein." Journal of Entomological Science 35, no. 4 (2000): 360–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-35.4.360.

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The effects of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-cotton on three instars of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) were studied. First, third and fifth instars were fed field-collected Bt-cotton leaves for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 d or until pupation, and then transferred to artificial diet. Larval mortality at pupation, length of larval and pupal periods, pupal weights and survival time from hatch to adult were recorded for regular and Bt-cotton. Larval mortality at pupation in S. exigua fed Bt-cotton was low for all instars exposed and feeding periods on Bt-cotton. The mortality in H. zea was high for first and third instars and significantly increased with the increase in feeding period on Bt-cotton (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The length of larval period increased in both species when first and third instars but not fifth instars were fed Bt-cotton. In H. zea, the larval period increased when larvae were on Bt-cotton leaves for only 2 d. Pupal weight was reduced with an increase in feeding time on Bt-cotton in all three instars in both species. An increase in length of feeding time on Bt-cotton reduced survival to adults in both species on Bt-cotton in first and third instars but not in fifth instars. Survival to adults was much lower in H. zea than S. exigua for all instars exposed and feeding periods on Bt-cotton. These results demonstrate the large differences in effectiveness of Bt-cotton against lepidopteran cotton pests, as well as the adverse effects on larvae developing on Bt-cotton.
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Felland, C. M., R. P. Porter, and H. N. Pitre. "Soybean Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Oviposition Preference Relative to Plant Development in Soybean and Cotton." Journal of Entomological Science 27, no. 3 (1992): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-27.3.217.

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Oviposition choice by soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), of soybean and cotton in two phenological stages was tested in field cages to determine relative oviposition preference for these two crops in a situation similar to early- to mid-season cropping conditions in Mississippi. Moths were released into field cages enclosing four contiguous rows for each of two treatments, and egg density per m of row was determined after the second night. Test 1 paired blooming cotton (planted 25 May) with either blooming (23 June) or vegetative (11 July) soybean. Relative to blooming cotton with 81.1% canopy closure, blooming soybean with 78% canopy closure received 2.6-fold greater oviposition, while vegetative soybean with 41% canopy closure received only 0.24-times the eggs as blooming cotton. Test 2 compared oviposition on the two soybean classes in the absence of cotton. Here, 11.2-fold more eggs were oviposited on blooming soybean than on vegetative soybean. Test 3 paired blooming soybean with either blooming or pre-bloom cotton (planted 23 June). Relative to soybean, the pre-bloom cotton with 68.7% canopy closure received 1.6-fold more eggs than blooming cotton, although neither cotton treatment received as many eggs as blooming soybean. This study suggests that the importance of cotton as a host of soybean looper declines as the crop growing season advances.
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Kim, Kim, Lim, Choi, and Lee. "Development of a Multiplex PCR Assay to Monitor Living Modified Cottons in South Korea." Applied Sciences 9, no. 13 (2019): 2688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9132688.

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Cotton has been cultivated worldwide and is a useful crop for humans. However, all living modified organisms (LMOs), including living modified (LM) cotton, are not cultivated in South Korea and are imported from overseas. LM cotton imports are on the rise and most of the imported cotton is used as livestock feed. In particular, it is commonly used to feed Holstein breeds that produce milk, because cotton improves the quality of milk. However, as the cotton imports increase, the possibility of unintentional outflows in the distribution process also increases. Consequently, there is an increasing concern about unintentional release of LM cotton into the natural environment. Therefore, environmental monitoring and post-management of LMOs are very important steps. Recently, a total of 30 LM crop events were approved for LM cotton import in South Korea. A single detection method has been used to monitor individual events. However, a single method of detection for collected samples requires a large number of PCRs, with obvious disadvantages. Therefore, a simultaneous detection method was developed for 8 representative events (GHB119, GHB614, MON88913, MON15985, LLCOTTON25, MON1445, 281-3006, and MON531) in an effort to monitor 26 of them and facilitate the identification of LM cotton. The results suggest that our new multiplex PCR method may be useful for monitoring and post-management of LM cotton.
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34

Zhang, Jinfa. "History and Progress in Cotton Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics in New Mexico." Journal of Cotton Science 22, no. 3 (2018): 191–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/iayn2215.

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The New Mexico Cotton Breeding Program was established in 1926 and has been led by five generations of breeders. The program has released 37 Acala 1517 and one short-staple Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars and numerous germplasm lines. Two Sea-Island G. barbadense L. cultivars have been released for production in the Mesilla Valley, NM. New Mexico germplasm has contributed to the development of 45% of the commercial cotton cultivars including almost all Acala cultivars in California, and has contributed to the improvement in fiber length and strength in U.S. cottons. Many Acala 1517 cultivars are tolerant or resistant to Verticillium wilt and bacterial blight. The recent releases include three transgenic Acala 1517 cultivars, one conventional and two glandless cultivars. The current research program focuses on fiber and seed quality (glandless) to develop elite germplasm with high yields and superior fiber quality and with resistance to Verticillium and Fusarium wilt, thrips, bacterial blight, leaf spot, cotton rust, and tolerance to drought and salinity. Upland × Pima introgression and development of the hybrid seed production system based on cytoplasmic male sterility and the haploid-producing system based on semigamy are also important aspects of the program. Extensive applications of genomic tools and approaches in the program include DNA marker and population development, linkage map construction, and quantitative trait locus mapping. In recent years, reduction in funding and lack of institutional support has hampered the program in delivering solutions to challenging issues such as Fusarium wilt race 4 faced by the cotton farmer.
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35

Foote, William, Keith Edmisten, Randy Wells, and David Jordan. "Defoliant Effects on Cover Crop Germination, Cover Crop Growth, and subsequent Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Development." Journal of Cotton Science 19, no. 2 (2015): 258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/pgwo8320.

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The price of nitrogen (N) fertilizer has increased to the point where it may be cost effective to grow winter legume cover crops as a sole source of nitrogen for a subsequent cotton crop in North Carolina. Establishing these cover crops is critical to the success of this strategy. In order to optimize legume cover crop establishment, cotton producers may have to overseed legumes into cotton that has or will be sprayed with cotton harvest aids, which may interfere with legume germination and growth. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the effects of commonly used cotton harvest aids on legume germination and growth. This was followed by a field study to determine the optimum time to overseed legume cover crops in cotton, to determine the effects of cotton defoliants on legume establishment in the field, and to determine the effects of cover crop species and overseeding timing on cotton growth and yield in a field in which N was not depleted. Cotton defoliants containing thidiazuron plus diuron reduced greenhouse legume germination and growth more than any other cotton harvest aid tested; however, field studies indicate that cover crop germination and cover crop dry weight are not affected by thidiazuron plus diuron. Crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L.) positively affected cotton yield equally. However, timing of cover crop overseeding played an important role in cover crop germination, accumulated biomass, and lint yield. We observed that overseeding legumes 14 days prior to defoliation resulted in the highest cover crop dry weight and cotton yield.
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Xolmanova Feruza Uralovna. "REFORMS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COTTON GINNING INDUSTRY." European Journal of Learning on History and Social Sciences 1, no. 5 (2024): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.61796/ejlhss.v1i5.540.

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The history of the development of the agricultural sector in the Republic of Uzbekistan entered a new stage after the years of independence. Due to the fact that Surkhandarya region mainly specializes in cotton cultivation, the cotton ginning industry has a special place in the oasis. During the years of independence, new cotton ginning factories were built and put into operation in Surkhandarya, and great changes took place in the field of light industry
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37

Masasi, Blessing, and Jonathan Masasi. "CROP SIMULATION MODELS FOR COTTON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT: STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES." Big Data In Agriculture 6, no. 1 (2024): 70–72. https://doi.org/10.26480/bda.01.2024.70.72.

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Cotton, a major global cash crop, faces diverse challenges due to changing environmental conditions and evolving agricultural practices. Crop simulation models have emerged as powerful tools for understanding and predicting cotton growth and development. These models offer farmers and researchers valuable insights and decision support. However, their effectiveness is contingent on addressing challenges related to data requirements, sensitivity to input parameters, model complexity, and validation. As technology advances and research continues, addressing these weaknesses will further enhance the utility of crop simulation models in shaping the future of cotton cultivation. Thus, this paper reviews various crop simulation models employed in studying cotton, highlighting their strengths and limitations. The paper explores the key modeling approaches, the integration of biophysical processes, and the impact of these models on decision-making in cotton agriculture.
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38

Nasreen, Sarosha, J. Amudha, and S. S Pandey. "Development of Drought Tolerant Transgenic Cotton through Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 10, no. 1 (2021): 323–30. https://doi.org/10.21275/sr21105122143.

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39

Zhu, Shouhong, Xiuli Yu, Yanjun Li, Yuqiang Sun, Qianhao Zhu, and Jie Sun. "Highly Efficient Targeted Gene Editing in Upland Cotton Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10 (2018): 3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103000.

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The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) gene editing system has been shown to be able to induce highly efficient mutagenesis in the targeted DNA of many plants, including cotton, and has become an important tool for investigation of gene function and crop improvement. Here, we developed a simple and easy to operate CRISPR/Cas9 system and demonstrated its high editing efficiency in cotton by targeting-ALARP, a gene encoding alanine-rich protein that is preferentially expressed in cotton fibers. Based on sequence analysis of the target site in the 10 transgenic cottons containing CRISPR/Cas9, we found that the mutation frequencies of GhALARP-A and GhALARP-D target sites were 71.4–100% and 92.9–100%, respectively. The most common editing event was deletion, but deletion together with large insertion was also observed. Mosaic mutation editing events were detected in most transgenic plants. No off-target mutation event was detected in any the 15 predicted sites analyzed. This study provided mutants for further study of the function of GhALARP in cotton fiber development. Our results further demonstrated the feasibility of use of CRISPR/Cas9 as a targeted mutagenesis tool in cotton, and provided an efficient tool for targeted mutagenesis and functional genomics in cotton.
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40

Lohano, Hari Ram, Laurence E. D. Smith, and Mike Stockbridge. "Comparing the Seed Cotton and Wheat Marketing Chains in Sindh." Pakistan Development Review 37, no. 1 (1998): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v37i1pp.53-75.

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This paper contrasts the operation of seed cotton and wheat marketing systems in Sindh. Analysis of marketing margins indicates that the private sector cotton marketing chain appears to be working efficiently, given the many adverse aspects of its socioeconomic environment. There is evidence that higher domestic prices resulting from alignment with world markets have been transmitted through the marketing chain to producers, and that production has increased. In contrast to cotton, the government continues to be heavily involved in wheat procurement and storage, with private traders usually acting as intermediaries between the Food Department and the grower. Despite expensive involvement of the same private traders as in cotton, the wheat market is characterised by bureaucratic failure and rent-seeking behaviour, leading to stagnation of incentives and production. For cotton, the primary recommendations are to sustain liberalisation of the market and to support the developing beneficial model of private competition through improvements in communications and transport infrastructure. The practical means to improve the grading of cotton lint and seed cotton should also be developed and promoted to provide incentives for higher quality output. For wheat, the main recommendations are to liberalise farmgate prices, reduce the state’s role in procurement, and privatise government godowns. Research is needed on how this might best be achieved, with attention to the conditions necessary for private financing of storage activities, and to ways of minimising price and supply fluctuations. The impact of higher flour prices on poor consumers also needs to be addressed
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41

Zheng, Jing, Shuhan Wen, Zhipeng Yu, Keyan Luo, Junkang Rong, and Mingquan Ding. "Alternative Splicing during Fiber Development in G. hirsutum." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 14 (2023): 11812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411812.

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Cotton is a valuable cash crop in many countries. Cotton fiber is a trichome that develops from a single epidermal cell and serves as an excellent model for understanding cell differentiation and other life processes. Alternative splicing (AS) of genes is a common post-transcriptional regulatory process in plants that is essential for plant growth and development. The process of AS during cotton fiber formation, on the other hand, is mainly unknown. A substantial number of multi-exon genes were discovered to be alternatively spliced during cotton fiber formation in this study, accounting for 23.31% of the total number of genes in Gossypium hirsutum. Retention intron (RI) is not necessarily the most common AS type, indicating that AS genes and processes during fiber development are very temporal and tissue-specific. When compared to fiber samples, AS is more prevalent at the fiber initiation stages and in the ovule, indicating that development stages and tissues use different AS strategies. Genes involved in fiber development have gone through stage-specific AS, demonstrating that AS regulates cotton fiber development. Furthermore, AS can be regulated by trans-regulation elements such as splicing factor and cis-regulation elements such as gene length, exon numbers, and GC content, particularly at exon–intron junction sites. Our findings also suggest that increased DNA methylation may aid in the efficiency of AS, and that gene body methylation is key in AS control. Finally, our research will provide useful information about the roles of AS during the cotton fiber development process.
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42

Reynolds, Nancy Y. "NATIONAL SOCKS AND THE “NYLON WOMAN”: MATERIALITY, GENDER, AND NATIONALISM IN TEXTILE MARKETING IN SEMICOLONIAL EGYPT, 1930–56." International Journal of Middle East Studies 43, no. 1 (2011): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743810001194.

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AbstractThe specific ways that cloth—“foreign silks,” “durable Egyptian cottons,” and “artificial silks”—emerged as a potent and visible symbol through which to contest the relations of colonialism and establish national community in Egypt varied with the changing realities of Egypt's political economy. The country's early importation of textiles despite its cultivation of raw cotton, the growth of its state-protected local mechanized industry working long- and medium-staple cotton for a largely lower-class market, and that industry's diversification into artificial silk technologies all helped structure a shift from “foreign silks” to “the nylon woman” as tropes in popular and political discourse defining the limits of the national community and the behaviors suitable for it. Although artificial fibers considerably lowered the cost of hosiery and other goods, thereby expanding consumption, the use of synthetics like nylon rather than cotton subverted the goal of national economic unity between agriculture and industry.
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43

Guedes, V. S., C. A. D. Silva, and J. C. Zanuncio. "Survival, development and reproduction of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on kaolin-treated cotton." Brazilian Journal of Biology 80, no. 4 (2020): 711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.216184.

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Abstract The mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a cotton pest widespread in several cotton growing regions of Brazil, particularly in the semi-arid region of southwestern Bahia. The impact of kaolin on survival, development and reproduction of P. solenopsis was evaluated in the laboratory. The experiment was developed in a completely randomized design with two treatments: immature or newly emerged adults of P. solenopsis sprayed with kaolin and fed with cotton leaf discs treated with kaolin suspension (with kaolin) (T1) and immature or newly emerged adults of P. solenopsis sprayed with distilled water and fed with cotton leaf discs treated with distilled water (without kaolin) (T2). The kaolin suspension shortens the life cycle, increases the reproductive potential and population growth of the cotton mealybug, P. solenopsis and, therefore, it should be used with caution on cotton plants in regions with a history of occurrence of this pest.
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Asmus, Guilherme Lafourcade, and Fernando Mendes Lamas. "GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF COTTON CULTIVATED AFTER Urochloa spp." REVISTA DE AGRICULTURA NEOTROPICAL 10, no. 2 (2023): e7298. http://dx.doi.org/10.32404/rean.v10i2.7298.

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No-tillage systems (NTSs) are generally known for their beneficial effects, whether on soil attributes or the yield of the target crop. For instance, research has explored the benefits of growing target crops, such as soybean or cotton, on soil previously occupied by a cover crop. However, fewer studies have investigated the potential negative implications of NTSs. Since, certain cover crops can release exudates harmful to other plants, there is a need to fill this knowledge gap. To this end, this study used four experiments to investigate the effects of two species of Urochloa on cotton germination, plant emergence, and biomass production. In the first two experiments, cotton germination was evaluated by placing seeds on paper rolls moistened with different concentrations of root washings of Urochloa plants cultivated for 45 days in tubes kept in a greenhouse, and desiccated with or without glyphosate. In the other two experiments, the emergence and biomass production of cotton were evaluated, which was sown in pots where two species of Urochloa were previously grown and subsequently desiccated or not with glyphosate, and managed in three ways: a) the entire plant of Urochloa spp. was kept in the pot (shoots and roots in the soil), b) only the aerial parts of Urochloa spp. were kept on the soil surface, and c) only the roots of Urochloa spp. were kept in the soil. Cotton seed germination was negatively affected by Urochloa spp. root washings. Both the emergence percentage and emergence speed index of the cotton plants were negatively affected when only the leaves of Urochloa spp. were kept in the soil with and without glyphosate desiccation. No adverse effect of the treatments (pre-cultivation and management of Urochloa spp.) on the production of cotton shoot and root biomass was observed.
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45

Iqbal, Adnan, Sibgha Aslam, Mukhtar Ahmed, Fahad Khan, Qurban Ali, and Shiming Han. "Role of Actin Dynamics and GhACTIN1 Gene in Cotton Fiber Development: A Prototypical Cell for Study." Genes 14, no. 8 (2023): 1642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14081642.

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Cotton crop is considered valuable for its fiber and seed oil. Cotton fiber is a single-celled outgrowth from the ovule epidermis, and it is a very dynamic cell for study. It has four distinct but overlapping developmental stages: initiation, elongation, secondary cell wall synthesis, and maturation. Among the various qualitative characteristics of cotton fiber, the important ones are the cotton fiber staple length, tensile strength, micronaire values, and fiber maturity. Actin dynamics are known to play an important role in fiber elongation and maturation. The current review gives an insight into the cotton fiber developmental stages, the qualitative traits associated with cotton fiber, and the set of genes involved in regulating these developmental stages and fiber traits. This review also highlights some prospects for how biotechnological approaches can improve cotton fiber quality.
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46

Kong, Wenting, Tingting Li, Yuan Li, Lianjun Zhang, Jingang Xie, and Xiaoning Liu. "Transgenic Cotton Expressing dsAgCYP6CY3 Significantly Delays the Growth and Development of Aphis gossypii by Inhibiting Its Glycolysis and TCA Cycle." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 1 (2024): 264. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010264.

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In our previous research, we found that CYP6CY3 not only participates in the detoxification metabolism of neonicotinoid insecticides in cotton aphid but also affects their growth and development. However, how does transgenic cotton expressing dsAgCYP6CY3 affect the growth and development of cotton aphid? In this study, we combined transcriptome and metabolome to analyze how to inhibit the growth and development of cotton aphid treated with transgenic cotton expressing dsAgCYP6CY3-P1 (TG cotton). The results suggested that a total of 509 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on the DESeq method, and a total of 431 differential metabolites (DAMs) were discovered using UPLC-MS in the metabolic analysis. Additionally, multiple DEGs and DAMs of glycolytic and The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle pathways were significantly down-regulated. Pyruvate carboxylase (PC), citrate synthase (CS), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) enzyme activities and pyruvate content were reduced in cotton aphid treated with TG cotton. In addition, TG cotton could significantly decrease the total sugar content from the body and honeydew in cotton aphid. The above results indicated that TG cotton inhibited glycolysis and the TCA cycle, and this inhibition is consistent with previous studies showing that cotton aphid fed on TG cotton showed significantly reduced body length and weight as well as delayed molting. These findings provide a new strategy for reducing the transmission of viruses by cotton aphid honeydew, preventing fungal growth, mitigating impacts on normal photosynthesis and improving cotton quality.
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Abdurakhimov, Shavkatjon, Umbetali Sultanov, and Mansur Tukhtamishev. "Development of the mineral fertilizer application system for cotton yards under different soil-climatic conditions of Uzbekistan." E3S Web of Conferences 389 (2023): 03056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338903056.

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Today, in order to develop cotton production in Uzbekistan, all attention is paid to the use of modern, promising ways of farming, in particular, to free up cotton fields for other crops and to increase the gross yield by planting cotton varieties with high fiber yield and high quality in relatively small areas, in each province and farm in the region where cotton is grown. - breeding of varieties suited to climatic conditions is being focused on. The cultivation of high and quality cotton depends primarily on the yield potential of cotton varieties and the compliance of cotton fibers with standard requirements. Therefore, creating new cotton varieties and placing the most promising ones in accordance with the different soil and climatic conditions of Uzbekistan remains an urgent task of scientists and specialists. Care of different cotton varieties, taking into account the fact that their requirements for nutrients, water, soil and climatic conditions and other agrotechnical factors are different depending on their biological characteristics, it is considered very necessary to develop specific recommendations and put them into practice.
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48

Huseynova, Lale. "Spread and development of Verticillum wilt or cotton wilt in the western part of Azerbaijan." Romanian journal of Horticulture 5 (December 13, 2024): 93–98. https://doi.org/10.51258/rjh.2024.11.

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Almost 136 thousand hectares of cotton crops in Azerbaijan, the unique climate allows growing almost all cultivars of cotton. More than half of the cotton crops are in the Ganja-Kazakh geographical zone of the country. The development of cotton growing in Azerbaijan as a highly profitable sector of the economy is inextricably linked not only with active selection work, the introduction of new cultivars and progressive technologies, but also with the creation of an effective set of protective measures. In recent years, with the increase in areas under cotton and the growth of its productivity, the likelihood of the spread of harmful mycoses has significantly increased. Among the widespread diseases in cotton crops, Verticillium wilt occupies a special place. Verticillium wilt is a very harmful disease. During its development in the plant, the osmotic pressure and cell turgor decrease, transpiration increases, the flow of water and minerals to the roots and aboveground organs of the plant slows down, the parenchymatous cells of the wood die off and the leaves fall prematurely, which leads to a sharp decrease in the yield and quality of cotton. In connection with the above, the objective of our research was to study and diagnose verticillium wilt of cotton in the conditions of the western part of Azerbaijan. In the 2022-2024 research years, an assessment was made of the prevalence and intensity of verticillium wilt of cotton in the region, and a scientifically based and improved control system was developed. For this purpose, the following preparations were tested in the fight against verticillium wilt of cotton: Kolosal Pro, EC, Fitolavin, VRK and control without chemical treatment. Analysis of the conducted field studies show that the fungicide Fitolavin, VRK on all cultivars of cotton showed high biological efficiency against the disease.
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Davidonis, Gayle H. "Fiber development in preanthesis cotton ovules." Physiologia Plantarum 75, no. 2 (1989): 290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1989.tb06183.x.

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LI, ZhongHua, LiLi TU, XianLong ZHANG, JiaFu TAN, and Kai GUO. "Flavonoid Pathway in Cotton Fiber Development." SCIENTIA SINICA Vitae 44, no. 8 (2014): 758–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/052014-89.

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