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1
Funk, Paul A., and Robert G. Hardin IV. "COTTON GINNING HANDBOOK: Energy Utilization and Conservation in Cotton Gins." Journal of Cotton Science 21, no. 2 (2017): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/tblf7573.
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Gins have become more energy efficient. However, energy costs account for 25% of the total variable costs of ginning, including seasonal labor, increasing from 15% in 1994. Recent studies found that average electricity use at gins is approximately 35 kWh per bale, down from 53 kWh per bale reported in 1980. However, gins must continue to increase efficiency to remain profitable and consumers are increasingly concerned with the sustainability of textile products. This paper reviews recent research on energy use and conservation in cotton gins and offers suggestions on ways for gin managers to reduce energy use based on this research. Gins should focus on maximizing their ginning rate and sustaining this rate as much as possible during the ginning season. Increased ginning rates will reduce per-bale costs of not only electricity and fuel, but labor as well. Maintaining consistent material flow through the gin, matching equipment capacities, and minimizing downtime allows gins to produce more bales per shift. More than half the electricity at gins is used for material handling, primarily by the large centrifugal fans used to convey materials. The cost of conveying materials should be considered when designing or updating gins. Gins should use only the volume of air necessary for consistent conveying and adequate drying and need to eliminate unnecessary friction losses in conveying systems. To reduce fuel use, dryer control systems should be used to avoid excessive drying of cotton. Insulating drying systems might be economically feasible, particularly from the burner to the mixpoint. Gins also should consider strategies to reduce the prices paid for electricity and fuel.
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Wanjura, John D., Carlos B. Armijo, Christopher D. Delhom, Randal K. Boman, William B. Faulkner, Gregory A. Holt, and Mathew G. Pelletier. "Effects of harvesting and ginning practices on Southern High Plains cotton: fiber quality." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 23-24 (April 29, 2019): 4938–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519844215.
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The lint yield and fiber quality of cotton produced in the Southern High Plains of the USA have improved over the last decade, renewing interest in finding harvest and ginning practices that better preserve fiber quality. Previous research showed that picker harvesting and roller ginning may better preserve fiber quality, but conventional roller ginning was too slow to be adopted as the primary ginning system used for Upland cotton. Advancements in roller ginning technology have increased the ginning rate per unit width of rotary-knife roller gins to approximately equal that of saw gins. Research has shown that improvements in nep content and fiber length characteristics afforded by conventional roller ginning compared to saw ginning are maintained by the new high-speed roller gins (HSRGs). The objective of this work was to compare the fiber quality, seed quality, ginning rate, and lint turnout of Upland cotton produced in the Southern High Plains, harvested using a picker or a stripper, and ginned using saw or HSRG systems. The findings of this work indicate that the HSRG substantially improved the length characteristics of the Upland cultivars tested regardless of harvest method. Turnout was higher for the HSRG and for picker harvested cotton. Nep content was reduced for picker harvested cotton and the HSRG. The fiber length distribution and nep content improvements from the HSRG system make this fiber more attractive to ring spinning mills that produce high-count yarns for high-value products.
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Safarov, Askarbek, Elmurod Narmatov, Sojida Burieva, and Islomiddin Usmonov. "Increasing the performance of the raw material wheel and fiber quality when processed by the sawing machine." E3S Web of Conferences 389 (2023): 03039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338903039.
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The saw gin, the primary technical device used in the cotton ginning process, is responsible for separating the cotton fiber from the cotton seed. After being cleansed of khaschops and dried to the desired humidity in the drying, cleaning, and cleaning shops, seeded cotton is transferred to the main building of the business for ginning (separation of fiber). Up to now, 4DP-130, 5DP-130, and DPZ saw gins have been employed in cotton ginning operations to spin medium fiber seeded cotton. The ginning machine's operation, which separates the fiber from the seed in cotton gins, is largely responsible for the creation of high-quality fiber. Maintaining natural quality indicators during the technical process of first processing of cotton, i.e. the appearance, length, and presence of minute impurities in the fiber, is key to ensuring the competitiveness of cotton fiber produced in our nation on the global market. One of the most crucial processes is the ginning of seeded cotton with the appropriate amount of moisture and dirt, which involves removing the fiber from the seed. The length of the fiber, the impurities in the content, the absence of damage, and the hairiness of the seed all play a significant role in this process.
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Hughs, Ed, Greg Holt, and Ross Rutherford. "COTTON GINNERS HANDBOOK (2016 Revised Edition): Saw Gin Stands." Journal of Cotton Science 21, no. 1 (2017): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/nzmg5416.
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The saw gin stand is the heart of the saw ginning system. From the initial filing of patents for the spiked-tooth gin and the saw gin in 1794 and 1796 by Whitney and then Holmes, respectively, the saw gin stand has predominated over early roller-type gins in the U.S. cotton ginning industry. These early saw gin stands were small, simple, and were manually fed hand-picked seed cotton and processed only a few hundred pounds of fiber per day. However, at this early stage, it was recognized that the gin stand had a huge impact on fiber quality and textile utility. These early saw gins tended to be single-stand installations that consisted of a gin stand and a bale press. The basic operating principle of separating fiber and seed by pulling the cotton fiber through narrow slots that blocked the passage of the cottonseed in these early saw gins has not changed. However, the size and complexity of the saw gin stand and the ginning system, of which the saw gin is the heart, has changed by orders of magnitude. The most recent Cotton Ginners Handbook documented all of the manufacturers and specifications of U.S. saw gins that were being used in the cotton industry at that time. Subsequently the saw gin has continued to evolve and some gin manufacturers are no longer in business whereas others have entered the field. This document provides the U.S. ginning industry the most recent information available on saw gin stands currently operating in the U.S.
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Veliev, Fazil. "Theoretical substantiation of the conditions for capture of fiber by the working drum by the knife in roller gins." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 1 (120) (December 30, 2022): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.269138.
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Roller ginning provides 2–3 times less mechanical damage to cotton fiber than saw ginning. In recent years, these positive moments have predetermined attempts to gin medium-fiber cotton on roller gins. However, the low productivity of roller gins compared to saw gins does not yet allow for a complete transition to this process. To design high-efficiency roller gins, it is necessary to deeply study the mechanics of the basic processes of interaction of raw cotton with the working organs of the gin. It is necessary to determine the reserves for improving the efficiency of the process of capturing and tightening the fiber behind the knife, to investigate the mechanics of the process of rebounding seeds, and to find new solutions to reduce their damage. As a result of the research reported here, a mathematical model of the roller ginning process has been built, which makes it possible to determine the impact of technological and structural parameters of the roller gin on the efficiency of the process. This allows for the reasonable application of a variable periodic friction field between the knife and working drum. When studying the kinematics of the interaction of the surface of the working drum with the knife, dependences were established to accelerate the points of the surface of the working drum before it enters behind the knife, making it possible to determine the forces acting on the fiber when it is captured by the micro-irregularities of the drum. In the study of the process of tightening the fiber with a pair of working drum-fixed knife, the conditions for ginning the flyer fibers and the dependence of productivity on the average pressure in the contact of the knife with the drum were determined. The study of the influence of the rigid characteristics of the working drum-knife system on the ginning capacity of a roller gin has made it possible to reveal new reserves for improving the efficiency of roller ginning
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Whitelock, Derek, Michael Buser, Gregory Holt, Robert Hardin IV, Kelley Green, John Fabian, and Duncan McCook. "COTTON GINNERS HANDBOOK: Cotton Gin Pneumatic Conveying Systems." Journal of Cotton Science 23, no. 2 (2019): 182–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/rlem8406.
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Cotton gins use air to move seed cotton, lint, cottonseed, and trash through conveying pipes. In gins, pneumatic conveying systems are the principal means of moving material from one processing stage to another throughout the entire ginning plant. Further, material drying or moisture restoration can be accomplished by heating or humidifying the conveying air. Pneumatic systems are a critical and fundamental component of cotton ginning. Cotton gins use large quantities of air for pneumatic conveying. It is common for a gin to use 4,248 m3 (150,000 ft3) or more of air per minute in its various material conveying systems. Because the density of dry standard air is approximately 1.2 kg/m3 (0.075 lb/ft3), a typical gin using 4,248 m3/min (150,000 ft3/min) of air moves 305,860 kg (675,000 lb) of air per hour. This mass of air per hour is approximately 1.5 times the total mass of material handled per hour. Typically, more than 60 to 65% of the total electrical power consumed by a cotton gin is attributed to moving material pneumatically. Properly taking air measurements, determining air flow requirements, sizing conveying pipes, sizing fans to generate required air flow rates, and accounting for specific machinery air requirements are essential to maximizing machine utilization, minimizing energy costs, and decreasing system downtime. This update of the Cotton Ginners Handbook provides current technical information on cotton gin pneumatic systems. It draws heavily on previous versions of the Cotton Ginners Handbook (Stedronsky 1964; McCaskill et al., 1977; Baker et al., 1994) and the knowledge and experience of current and past instructors of the Air Systems classes from the National Cotton Ginners’ Association Gin Schools.
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Pelletier, Mathew G., Greg A. Holt, and John D. Wanjura. "Cotton Gin Stand Machine-Vision Inspection and Removal System for Plastic Contamination: Software Design." AgriEngineering 3, no. 3 (July 8, 2021): 494–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering3030033.
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The removal of plastic contamination from cotton lint is an issue of top priority to the U.S. cotton industry. One of the main sources of plastic contamination showing up in marketable cotton bales is plastic used to wrap cotton modules produced by John Deere round module harvesters. Despite diligent efforts by cotton ginning personnel to remove all plastic encountered during module unwrapping, plastic still finds a way into the cotton gin’s processing system. To help mitigate plastic contamination at the gin, a machine-vision detection and removal system was developed that utilizes low-cost color cameras to see plastic coming down the gin-stand feeder apron, which upon detection, blows plastic out of the cotton stream to prevent contamination. This paper presents the software design of this inspection and removal system. The system was tested throughout the entire 2019 cotton ginning season at two commercial cotton gins and at one gin in the 2018 ginning season. The focus of this report is to describe the software design and discuss relevant issues that influenced the design of the software.
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Azizov, Shuhrat, Farhod Uzoqov, Mirshoroffiddin Mirzakarimov, and Oybek Usmanov. "Analysis of Namangan 77 cotton in production line with different saw gins for short fiber yield." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 07021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127307021.
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For the accuracy of the results, the study was carried out for three years. The average of each factory gins was chosen. Comparison of fiber properties processed in different cotton processing plants, with different models of fiber separators. Each sample of fiber grade 1 Namangan 77 raw cotton was obtained as a result of ginning with such factory gins 4DP-130.5 DP-130, 3HDD and Lummus gins in Namangan region. The Fiber properties of all samples were measured with the Advanced HVI Fiber Information System, to determine the yield of short fibers. The main purpose of the study is to determine which model of sawing gin to produce more short fibers. For next modernization working parts of other model gin for increasing quality of fiber.
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Hughs, Sidney E., Gregory A. Holt, Carlos B. Armijo, Derek P. Whitelock, and Thomas D. Valco. "COTTON GINNERS HANDBOOK: Development of the Cotton Gin." Journal of Cotton Science 24, no. 1 (2020): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/medh2749.
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Cotton fiber was first used in 6000 B.C. The two New World cotton species that are most of today’s production include G. hirsutum (Upland) and G. barbadense (Extra Long Staple [ELS]). The first cotton gin existed by the 5th century A.D (single-roller gin). The next development was the churka gin (double-roller gin) which ginned cotton five times faster than the single-roller gin. The churka gin was widely used in North America by 1750 and ginned both Upland and Sea Island (ELS) cotton. The spike-tooth cotton gin was developed by Eli Whitney in 1794. Hodgen Holmes developed a continuous flow gin with toothed saw blades in 1796. These were a different concept than the double-roller gins. Holmes’ saw gin dominated the industry for Upland cotton (and still does), whereas double-roller gin use continued for Sea Island cotton. In 1840, Fones McCarthy developed a reciprocating-knife roller gin. The saw gin had a significantly higher ginning capacity than the McCarthy gin, so it was used with Upland cotton and the McCarthy roller gin was used with Sea Island cotton to preserve the long-staple cotton’s quality. Sea Island production ceased in 1923 because of the boll weevil, but Pima (ELS) cotton had developed by this time in the Southwest, so roller gin use continued. In 1963, a rotary-knife roller gin was developed that ginned at five times the rate of a reciprocating-knife gin. A high-speed roller gin was developed in 2005 with a ginning capacity, on a per-width basis, comparable to modern-day saw gins.
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Gurumurthy Iyer, Vijayan. "Environmental health impact assessment of chrome composite leather-clad rollers used by Indian cotton roller ginning industries and design and development of Eco-friendly alternatives." International Journal of Emerging Trends in Health Sciences 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 36–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/ijeths.v4i1.4496.
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This research article realises the hazards of chromium contamination and pollution caused by using chrome composite leather-clad (CCLC) rollers that are commonly used in the cotton roller ginning industries and attempts to eliminate the chromium contamination and pollution during the cotton ginning process. The chromium traces found contain hexavalent chromium being adsorbed from chromium-contaminated lint, yarn, fabrics, seeds, by-products and textile effluent. Chromium acts in three ways on humans, viz. (i) local action explained as dermatitis or absorption through skin, (ii) direct inhalation and (iii) ingestion or absorption into the stomach. Toxic effects are produced by prolonged contact with airborne or solid or liquid chromium compounds even in small quantities because of their properties, viz. carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and corrosiveness. Traces of Cr (VI) are found even in analar grade trivalent compounds, and complications do arise due to reduction in the nature of these traces that affect the organic tissues of the body. These regenerating effects occur rapidly and are dependent on the dose. This research article realises the hazards of chromium contamination and pollution caused by the use of dust-producing grinding of CCLC rollers that are commonly used in the cotton roller ginning industries and attempts to nullify this problem during cotton ginning. This research has been carried out with the following objectives: to identify and study the environmental health effects existing with the present CCLC rollers being used in the Indian cotton roller ginning industries; to conduct an environmental health impact assessment in Indian cotton roller ginning factories during the research years of 1998–2018; to design and develop an eco-friendly chrome-free roller and evaluate its performance with reference to environmental health effects and techno-commercial aspects in the ginning industries. With the author’s research background and practical experience in cotton ginning and textile industries, this study is attempted to eliminate the environmental health impacts to a great extent at the source itself, through a suitable design and development of an eco-friendly, pollution-free, chromeless roller for cotton roller gins. An eco-friendly roller ginning process has been designed and developed for replacing the conventional CCLC roller ginning process, to eliminate the chromium contamination and pollution from cotton roller ginning industries and to meet the requirements of World Health Organisation standards, while maintaining high-quality spun yarns and woven fabrics which meet the international standards.
Keywords: Assessment, chromium, ginning, health, impact.
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Hardin IV, Robert G., Edward M. Barnes, Thomas D. Valco, Vikki B. Martin, and David M. Clapp. "COTTON GINNERS HANDBOOK: Effects of Gin Machinery on Cotton Quality." Journal of Cotton Science 22, no. 1 (2018): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/axij5624.
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Ginning practices affect both economic returns to cotton producers and quality of fiber produced for textile mills and, ultimately, consumers. Because of the shift from a primarily domestic to an export market for U.S. cotton and the loss of textile market share to synthetic fibers, production of high-quality cotton is critical to maintaining the competitiveness of the U.S. cotton industry. The objectives of this review are to summarize the effects of ginning on cotton quality, focusing on recent research, and provide best practices for gin managers to maximize bale value and fiber quality. Higher fiber moisture content at the gin stand, with an optimum of 6 to 7%, better preserves fiber length and strength, but this moisture level reduces both seed cotton and lint cleaning efficiency; therefore, a fiber moisture content of 5 to 6% might be needed for efficient cleaning. Seed cotton cleaners are effective at removing larger foreign matter particles and cause minimal fiber damage. Lint cleaners are efficient cleaners and necessary for removing seed-coat fragments and other small particles created in the gin stand. However, lint cleaners break some fibers, create neps, and remove some good quality fiber. To maximize fiber quality, gins should encourage producers to grow high-quality cultivars and follow recommended harvesting practices. Modules need to be stored and handled properly. Gins should use the minimum amount of drying and lint cleaning that maximizes bale value. Avoiding contamination is vitally important to uphold the U.S. cotton industry’s reputation as a supplier of high-quality cotton.
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Sirojiddinov, Fazliddin, Botir Mardonov, Ilkhom Abbazov, and Bobir Sharopov. "Investigation of two-dimensional unsteady motion of deformable raw roller during saw ginning." E3S Web of Conferences 434 (2023): 03034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343403034.
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In this article, based on the analysis of research conducted by scientists in many fields on increasing the productivity of sawing gin, the requirements for sawing gin to improve the workability of gin, increase fiber quality, and reduce energy consumption, as well as its separation into technological parts, and a single conclusion, collecting the conducted research it was mentioned that it should be released. It is explained the requirements for cotton ginning equipment in cotton ginning cluster enterprises and the need to carry out the innovative approach of sawing gins, dividing each technological process into separate technological parts to fulfill these requirements. The technological process of the sawmill consists of a complex of 9 technological parts.
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Hughs, Sidney E. "COTTON GINNERS HANDBOOK (2016 REVISED EDITION)." Journal of Cotton Science 20, no. 2 (2016): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/lred7079.
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The function of separating cotton fiber from the cottonseed (ginning) has been done mechanically since prehistoric times by simple wooden or metal rollers used to manually squeeze the seed apart from the fiber. Eli Whitney’s 1794 patent of the spiked tooth cotton gin and Henry Ogden Holmes’s 1796 patent of the saw tooth cotton gin significantly increased the ability of cotton producers to economically produce raw cotton fiber to be made into cotton textiles and were the predecessors of today’s modern cotton ginning plants. The separation of the cotton fiber from the seed and preservation of the cotton fiber quality is still the principal function of the modern cotton gin. However, the modern cotton ginning plant is a highly mechanized processing system that controls moisture and removes foreign materials while handling, transporting and packaging many tons per hour of bulk cottonseed and baled cotton fiber. Cotton gins must produce a raw ginned cotton fiber of a quality that maximizes its value for the producer while meeting the high demands of the textile industry and ultimately the consumer. Designing, operating and maintaining today’s cotton gin plant is a highly specialized field that continues to demand increasing technical knowledge and skills. This new Cotton Ginners Handbook addresses and updates changes over the past 20 years in ginning issues such as fiber quality, machinery maintenance and operation, moisture control, seed cotton and cotton fiber cleaning, energy use, waste handling and collection, and gin safety as well as gin management and state and federal air pollution regulatory requirements. The authors of the various chapters of this handbook hope that the information presented will help the U.S. cotton industry maintain its reputation of quality and service.
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V. G. Arude and K. M. Paralikar. "Studies on noise pollution in cotton ginneries." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 41, no. 3 (September 30, 2004): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2004413.1090.
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Cotton ginning systems contain numerous types of machinery-each of which is a source of noise and contribute to the overall noise level. Noise pollution in cotton ginneries has never received attention in the past in India. Noise levels of different machineries used in cotton· ginning systems were studied. The likely effect of noise on workers' health and the possible ways of reducing the noise levels were suggested. Noise levels for roller gins were found to vary from 87.0 to 97.7 dBA under no load and from 85.9 to 97.7 dBA under load condition. Noise for double roller gins were found above permissible exposure limit of 85 dBA. Gearbox of the double roller gin was found to generate more noise than other moying elements of the gin. Noise levels of pre-cleaners and lint cleaners were found below the permissible limit. In press house noise level was observed in the range of 793 to 93.5 dBA for different models of presses. Gin house was found to be the noisiest workstation with an average noise level of 96.0 dBA. The noise level for the workstations such as raw cotton suction fan, pre-cleaner, gin house central platform, seed blower and press operator room were observed above the permissible exposure limit Exposure to such a noise may adversely affect overall efficiency, safety, and hearing ability of workers. Protecting them from loud noise by employing technical and personal measures of noise control can create· healthful working conditions in ginneries.
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Pelletier, Mathew G., and Rick K. Byler. "COTTON GINNERS HANDBOOK: Moisture Measurement." Journal of Cotton Science 24, no. 3 (2020): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/tigg3482.
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Proper measurement of moisture content (MC) during the ginning process is crucial for proper management of a cotton gin. It is important to avoid producing wet cotton lint for the benefit of textile mills and because wet cotton is damaged in storage and degrades the value of cotton leading to a USDA-AMS classing color-grade that is no longer reflective of the actual color of cotton, which in turn is damaging to U.S. cotton commodity markets. Cotton stored at too high MC is unacceptable for marketing and is ineligible for placement into the Commodity Credit Corporation Marketing Assistance Loan Program. Additional problems occur with improper cotton moisture when ginning at excessively low MC, which results in cotton lint of lower quality with shorter fiber length and lower fiber length uniformity. Thus, use of moisture sensors are critical to ensure cotton gins produce bales at a MC that is safe for long term storage and transport. To assess cotton moisture, several meters are available from different manufacturers for the measurement of seed cotton and cotton lint MC. Some of these meters are portable and can be used with seed cotton or lint, whereas others are permanently installed. Some meters are suitable for automated moisture control in the gin.
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Patil, Prashantkumar Gulabrao, and Vaishali Patil. "Development of Prototype Double Roller Gin with Improved Power Transmission and its Performance Evaluation." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 5, no. 4 (December 2010): 155892501000500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501000500403.
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Double roller gins are commonly used in India for ginning seed cotton. International Textile Manufacturers Federation's survey 2005 reported that degree of grease and oil contamination in cotton lint is serious in India1. Study revealed that the source of this contamination is the gearbox (power transmission system) of double roller gin as it is filled with grease/oil measuring about 20 kg. Prototype double roller gin has been designed and developed with new power transmission system which minimizes the use of oil and grease to a great extent. High Volume Instrument's results on fiber parameters indicated that quality of lint is at par with existing double roller gin with no prospect of oil and grease contamination. Developed machine is useful for cotton breeders, ginners, farmers to ascertain the ginning percentage and purity of seeds could be maintained. This prototype double roller gin could be the basis for design of modified double roller gin of a commercial size.
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Pelletier, Mathew G., Greg A. Holt, and John D. Wanjura. "A Cotton Module Feeder Plastic Contamination Inspection System." AgriEngineering 2, no. 2 (May 20, 2020): 280–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering2020018.
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The removal of plastic contamination in cotton lint is an issue of top priority to the U.S. cotton industry. One of the main sources of plastic contamination showing up in marketable cotton bales, at the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s classing office, is plastic from the module wrap used to wrap cotton modules produced by the new John Deere round module harvesters. Despite diligent efforts by cotton ginning personnel to remove all plastic encountered during unwrapping of the seed cotton modules, plastic still finds a way into the cotton gin’s processing system. To help mitigate plastic contamination at the gin; an inspection system was developed that utilized low-cost color cameras to see plastic on the module feeder’s dispersing cylinders, that are normally hidden from view by the incoming feed of cotton modules. This technical note presents the design of an automated intelligent machine-vision guided cotton module-feeder inspection system. The system includes a machine-learning program that automatically detects plastic contamination in order to alert the cotton gin personnel as to the presence of plastic contamination on the module feeder’s dispersing cylinders. The system was tested throughout the entire 2019 cotton ginning season at two commercial cotton gins and at one gin in the 2018 ginning season. This note describes the over-all system and mechanical design and provides an over-view and coverage of key relevant issues. Included as an attachment to this technical note are all the mechanical engineering design files as well as the bill-of-materials part source list. A discussion of the observational impact the system had on reduction of plastic contamination is also addressed.
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C. B. Armijo and M. N. Gillum. "Conventional and High-Speed Roller Ginning of Upland Cotton in Commercial Gins." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 26, no. 1 (2010): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.29465.
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Khakimov, Sherkul, Sayyor Sayfullayev, Furkat Ismoyilov, Hamidulla Tursunov, and Akbar Abrorov. "Theoretical research of the improved condenser device used in technology of lint separation." E3S Web of Conferences 548 (2024): 03020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454803020.
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The article analyses the disadvantages of lint condensers that used to separate lint from cotton seeds in the cotton gins. The processes taking place in the machines during the separation of lint fibers from the air flow, the operational and structural parameters of the lint condenser are considered. In order to increase the energy saving and efficiency of the condenser machine in separating lint from the air stream, the ways to eliminate the shortcomings of the machine and the instructions for improving the condenser are explained. Taking into account the increase of the population in the world and their need for cotton fiber raw materials to a certain extent, we need to increase production capacity, efficiency and productivity of cotton ginning enterprises by replacing or improving obsolete machines.
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van der Sluijs, Marinus H. J., and Greg Holt. "Survey Results of the Research Needs and Requirements of the Ginning Industries in Australia and the United States." Journal of Cotton Science 21, no. 1 (2017): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/zuxi9566.
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A survey of four questions was sent to members of cotton ginning associations in Australia and the U.S. to determine what issues and problems need to be addressed and where their respective research institutions should focus their time, money, and energy. Responses to each question were similar between the two countries as both have highly mechanized approaches to production, harvesting, and ginning. Thus, issues associated with automation, labor, moisture, fiber quality, utilization of cotton byproducts/waste, and plastic contamination were raised. Responses that differed between the two countries were related to issues associated with the adoption or lack of adoption of certain technologies. The prime example is the adoption of the new John Deere onboard round-module building harvester, which the Australian industry has, in a relatively short period, implemented into its production and ginning systems. In contrast, the U.S. industry is starting to scale up adoption of this technology and as such is experiencing the challenges that come with the implementation of a new technology. Consequently, U.S. gins rated the handling of the plastic wrap used by the onboard module harvester of greater importance than the Australian industry, which has more experience with this issue. Overall, the survey should assist in focusing and coordinating the research efforts of both countries in addressing research and development priorities for their respective industries.
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van der Sluijs, Marinus H. J. "The Effect of Various Processing Stages During Ginning on Fiber Quality." Journal of Cotton Science 24, no. 1 (2020): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/cpaz3825.
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This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness, in terms of cleaning efficiency and fiber quality, of the seed cotton cleaning stages installed in cotton gins that process predominately spindle-harvested, irrigated Upland cotton and to determine the effect of the various processing stages during ginning on gin turn out and fiber quality. The study showed that the average amount of trash content present in seed cotton was typically < 10%. The seed cotton cleaning process was able to remove 20 to 40% with the remainder of the trash removed by subsequent lint cleaning stages. The study also showed that the gin stand has no influence on fiber quality provided that the gin stand was not overloaded, maintained to manufacturers recommendations, and moisture levels maintained within the recommended levels. Flow-through air lint cleaners had no significant effect on fiber quality with minimal reduction in trash. The controlled-batt saw lint cleaners had positive and significant effects on color and trash; negative effects on length, length uniformity, short fiber and nep content, elongation; and no effect on strength, micronaire, fineness, maturity, number and size of SCN and fiber nep size. The batt-less saw lint cleaners had similar effects on fiber quality, although not as severe. The controlled-batt saw lint cleaners were more aggressive than the batt-less saw lint cleaners and removed more trash and hence achieved a better color grade, with this improvement resulting in notable reductions in lint turn out, fiber length, and increased short fiber and nep content.
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Veliev, Fazil. "Determining forces arising during the passage of cotton fiber between the fixed knife and working drum of the roller gin." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 1 (121) (February 25, 2023): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.273490.
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The object of this study is a roller gin. Roller gins are installed in the gin shops of cotton factories and their purpose is to mechanically separate cotton fiber from seeds in fine-fiber varieties of cotton. The criteria for the technological evaluation of roller gin are the sum of defects and fiber contamination after ginning, the cleansing effect of gin on weeds, damage to seeds, and fiber tow effects. Existing methods do not fully reveal all the reserves of increasing the productivity of the machine, improving the design of the main working bodies of the roller gin, ensuring the effective operation of the machine, and preserving the natural qualities of fiber and seeds. The determination of the force on the surface of the drum during the ginning process is of great practical interest for designing main working bodies of roller gins. The efficiency and quality of the processed product depend on the interaction of the working drum and knife with the breaking organ in the process of fiber separation. The design of the drum and knife, their kinematic parameters, the stability of technological wiring largely determine both the performance of the gin and the quality of the fiber and seeds. Theoretical studies have been conducted to determine the factors that affect the performance of roller gin. Based on the results obtained, it is recommended to change the most important structural parameters of the machine. The obtained analytical expressions for the specific pressure and specific friction forces applied from the side of the drum surface to the processed mass of raw materials make it possible to conclude that when the load from the breaking body increases during the lower rebound, the process of grasping, dragging, and holding the fibers between the working drum and the fixed knife worsens
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Maeda, Andrea B., Jane K. Dever, Murilo M. Maeda, and Carol M. Kelly. "Cotton Seed Size – What is the “Fuzz” all About?" Journal of Cotton Science 23, no. 2 (April 2023): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/alqj7021.
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Breeding efforts to improve lint yields in cotton may have shifted photosynthate partitioning to fibers during seed development resulting in a reduction in seed size in modern cotton cultivars. While the textile industry is the main consumer of cotton, changes in seed quality including size and composition could negatively impact other sectors of the agriculture industry that utilize cotton raw materials other than fiber. There is evidence of smaller cotton seeds impacting germination and seedling vigor as well as a reduction in oil content as seed size decreases. Moreover, downstream sectors of the cotton industry such as gins, crushers, and feedlots have been trying to draw attention to the consequences of having extremely small seeds to their operations, such as reduced ginning efficiency, seedcoat fragments, challenges in the delinting and decortication process, changes in meal nutrition, etc. This review focuses on the impacts of pursuing ever-increasing lint percent in modern cotton cultivars at the expense of seed size and attempts to highlight some of the less-known concerns of downstream cotton industry sectors.
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Whitelock, Derek, Michael Buser, Clif Boykin, and Gregory Holt. "Mote Cleaner System PM10 Emission Factors and Rates for Cotton Gins: Method 201A PM10 Sizing Cyclones." Journal of Cotton Science 18, no. 2 (September 2014): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/hnrn8314.
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This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of stack sampling. The impetus behind this project was the urgent need to collect cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues. A key component of this study was focused on EPA emission factors for particulate matter with a particle diameter nominally less than or equal to 10 µm (PM10). The 1996 EPA AP-42 emission factors were assigned quality ratings, from A (Excellent) to E (Poor), to assess the quality of the data being referenced. Emission factor quality ratings for cotton gins were extremely low. Also, some commonly used cotton gin systems were not represented or were combined with another system under a single emission factor in AP-42. There were no 1996 EPA AP-42 emission factors published for mote cleaner systems. The objective of this study was to collect PM10 emission factor data for mote cleaner systems at cotton gins located in regions across the cotton belt based on EPA-approved stack sampling methodology, Method 201A. The project plan included sampling seven cotton gins across the cotton belt. Key factors for selecting specific cotton gins included: 1) facility location, 2) production capacity, 3) processing systems, and 4) abatement technologies. Two of the seven gins had mote cleaner systems. The exhaust from one of the mote cleaner systems was combined with the module feeder dust system. The ginning rate of the two gins averaged 36.0 and 46.2 bales/h during testing for the stand-alone mote cleaner system and mote cleaner and module feeder dust system, respectively. Some test runs were excluded from the test averages because they failed to meet EPA Method 201A test criteria. Also, other test runs, included in the analyses, had cotton lint fibers that collected in the ≤ 10 µm samples. This larger lint material can affect the reported emissions data, but EPA Method 201A does not suggest methods to account for these anomalies. The average measured PM10 and total particulate emission factors for the stand-alone mote cleaner system were 0.050 kg/227-kg bale (0.109 lb/500-lb bale) and 0.090 kg/bale (0.199 lb/bale), respectively. The ratio of mote cleaner system PM10 to total particulate was 54.9%. The PM10 emission rate averaged 1.79 kg/h (3.95 lb/h) for the stand-alone mote cleaner system. The average measured PM10 and total particulate emission factors for the mote cleaner system combined with the module feeder dust system were 0.071 kg/bale (0.157 lb/bale) and 0.109 kg/bale (0.241 lb/bale), respectively. The ratio of PM10 to total particulate for the mote cleaner system combined with the module feeder dust system was 65.1%. The PM10 emission rate averaged 3.27 kg/h (7.21 lb/h) for the combined mote cleaner and module feeder dust system.
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Alege, Femi Peter, Sean Paul Donohoe, Jaya Shankar Tumuluru, Christopher D. Delhom, Cody D. Blake, and Joe W. Thomas. "Forage Properties of Fresh and Composted Cotton Gin Byproducts as Feed Supplements." AgriEngineering 5, no. 4 (October 24, 2023): 1955–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering5040120.
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Cotton ginning generates millions of tons of byproducts every year. If not properly managed, these materials become waste, which may constitute significant environmental, economic, and logistical issues. The objectives of this study were to characterize fresh and composted cotton gin byproducts (CGBs) for utilization as animal feed supplements and investigate the effects of composting on the forage properties. The study analyzed and compared the nutrients and energy contents of fresh and composted CGB from four commercial cotton gins in Arkansas, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee states, USA. The results suggest that composting CGB may result in more than a 47% increase in fiber and crude protein and at least a 25% decrease in total digestible nutrients and net energy estimations. The differences in macro- and micro-nutrient contents and feed properties suggest that composting CGB may improve the potential for utilization as an animal feed supplement. Establishing the forage properties of CGB is crucial for determining animal feed formulations using CGB as supplements.
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Barton, F. E., J. D. Bargeron, G. R. Gamble, D. L. McAlister, and E. Hequet. "Analysis of Sticky Cotton by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 59, no. 11 (November 2005): 1388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370205774783214.
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“Stickiness” in cotton is a major problem affecting throughput in cotton gins and spinning mills alike. Stickiness is thought to be caused by the deposition of sugars by insects, principally aphid and whitefly, on the open boll. Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy was used to develop models for sugar content from high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), thermodetector, and mini-card data. A total of 457 cotton samples were selected to represent both Upland and Pima varieties and cotton processing before and after ginning. The Unscrambler was used to develop the models. A successful model was made to determine the mini-card value and successfully detect “stickiness”. The standard error of cross-validation (SECv) was 0.26 with an R2 of 0.96. The model was not improved by increasing the range of “stickiness” as measured by the mini-card from the usual 0–3 scale to a scale of 0–8. If a value is determined to be greater than 1 it will be difficult to blend bales at a spinning plant “opening line” to allow for maximum efficiency of spinning.
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Veliev, Fazil. "Study of fiber detachment dynamics from the seeds by the baffle element." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 5 (September 29, 2023): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002999.
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The issue of the safety of cotton seeds during the roller ginning process is one of the subjects of research on the dynamic processes of primary processing of raw materials.
The study of the work of roller gins first of all showed that the process of roller ginning is based on the interaction of raw cotton, a working roller, a knife, and a breaking organ. This is a component that ensures, at certain interaction, the separation of fiber from the seeds. At the same time, there are probably no physical foundations that could determine the spatial orientation of these four components of the ginning process.
In the process of roller ginning in the initial position, the seed is drawn to the slot of the contact gap of the knife-drum due to the tension of the fibers in the contact. Subsequently, the seed is struck with a certain impulse. The separation of the fibers from the seed after the impact of the beater occurs sequentially, not simultaneously.
As a result of theoretical and experimental studies, the optimum frequency of shock pulse on the seed (f=18−20) was found to be the most technologically successful in terms of providing the best quality indicators of seeds and fibers. Beating in the resonance mode allows reducing the magnitude of the shock impulse on the seed leading to the reducing degree of damage to the seeds. It is believed that in the initial position, the seeds are drawn to the slit of the contact gap of the knife-drum machine due to the tension of the fibers in the contact. At this moment, the seeds at the end of the strand move only under the action of an elastic restoring force. The active part of the fiber bundle section in a dynamic process can be as little as 0.001 or less.
The average value of the compliance coefficient for the raw cotton variety BA-440 was determined experimentally. This allows determining the stiffness coefficient of the volatiles indirectly.
According to the obtained parameters, the dynamic state of the system practically falls into the region of parametric resonance, where the motion is unstable. This means that the seeds at the end of the strand increase significantly after the impact of the beater, which leads to the separation of the seeds from the fibers
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Dedamirza, Inamova Maftuna, Noorullah Soomro, Kamola Ortiqova Insopaliyevna, Jurayeva Gulkhayo Ravshanbekovna, and Mirzaakbarov Azizbek Avaz ugli. "GEOMETRY OF THE GIN-SAW TEETH EFFECT ON SEPRATION OF FIBERS FROM SEED COTTON DURING THE GINNING PROCESS." Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology 21, no. 1 (February 18, 2024): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.34016/pjbt.2024.21.01.887.
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The article provides a theoretical and practical analysis of the determining factor in the quality of fiber and seed separated from cotton during the ginning process, which is the saw-gin's tooth geometry or tooth profile the
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Yadav, Pappu Kumar, J. Alex Thomasson, Robert Hardin, Stephen W. Searcy, Ulisses Braga-Neto, Sorin C. Popescu, Roberto Rodriguez III, et al. "Plastic Contaminant Detection in Aerial Imagery of Cotton Fields Using Deep Learning." Agriculture 13, no. 7 (July 9, 2023): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13071365.
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Plastic shopping bags are often discarded as litter and can be carried away from roadsides and become tangled on cotton plants in farm fields. This rubbish plastic can end up in the cotton at the gin if not removed before harvest. These bags may not only cause problems in the ginning process but might also become embedded in cotton fibers, reducing the quality and marketable value. Therefore, detecting, locating, and removing the bags before the cotton is harvested is required. Manually detecting and locating these bags in cotton fields is a tedious, time-consuming, and costly process. To solve this, this paper shows the application of YOLOv5 to detect white and brown colored plastic bags tangled at three different heights in cotton plants (bottom, middle, top) using Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)-acquired Red, Green, Blue (RGB) images. It was found that an average white and brown bag could be detected at 92.35% and 77.87% accuracies and a mean average precision (mAP) of 87.68%. Similarly, the trained YOLOv5 model, on average, could detect 94.25% of the top, 49.58% of the middle, and only 5% of the bottom bags. It was also found that both the color of the bags (p < 0.001) and their height on cotton plants (p < 0.0001) had a significant effect on detection accuracy. The findings reported in this paper can help in the autonomous detection of plastic contaminants in cotton fields and potentially speed up the mitigation efforts, thereby reducing the amount of contaminants in cotton gins.
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Parpiyev, Azimjon, Ilkhom Sabirov, Alisher Usmankulov, and Nodir Navruzov. "Study of the Influence of Main Parameters of the Regenerator Ginning Machine on the Qualitative Indicators of the Fibers and Seeds." E3S Web of Conferences 304 (2021): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130403001.
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Since cotton ginning in Uzbekistan is carried out mainly by saw gins, this article proposes a technology for the process of cotton ginning, regeneration, and purification of fibrous waste. The process of regeneration and purification of fibrous waste is an urgent problem for the cotton ginning industry since the composition of fibrous waste contains about 80% of spun fiber. Technology “The process of separating the fiber from seeds” was carried out in two stages: in the first stage of separating the fiber from seeds, a low density of the raw roller of the saw gin took place, while the productivity remained unnamed. After the first stage of separating the fiber from the seeds, the fiber was cleaned in fiber cleaners. The fibrous waste separated in the fiber cleaner was mixed with the seeds after the first stage of separating the fiber from the seeds and fed to the second stage of separating the fiber from the seeds. This paper proposes a technology for the regeneration and purification of fibrous waste, separated during fiber purification. The influence of the length of the seed comb pegs when ginning a mixture of progressed seeds and fibrous waste on gin using the 1DR-119 regenerator on the gin parameters and the quality of the resulting fiber has been studied. A diagram of an experimental technological process is proposed and the results of production tests carried out at “JSC Dalverzin Buttermilk Cleaning” are presented. Experimental dependences of productivity, quality indicators of fiber, and seeds on the length of the splitting of the seed comb were obtained. In this case, the length of the pegs of the seed comb was studied in the aisles from 95 to 125 mm. The results of the experiments showed that with the lengthening of the heads of the seed comb, the residence time of the seeds in the working chamber increases, which entails a slight decrease in productivity and an increase in the share of short fiber in the product, but when the length of the heads of the seed comb is 125 mm, lint prevails in the mass of fibrous products. Having a lower specific gravity compared to fiber, causing a decrease in the seed throughput of the regenerator gin. Analyzing the results of studies of the effect of the length of the pegs on the quality indicators of fiber and seeds after the second stage of ginning, it was revealed that with a decrease in the pubescence of the seeds emerging from the working chamber, their mechanical damage increases, which leads to an increase in the fiber of broken seed and such a hard-to-remove defect as a peel with fiber. Based on the research results obtained during processing on the 1DR-119 regenerator gin of a mixture of ginned seeds with the fibrous waste of fiber cleaners at different lengths of the seed comb splints, the most acceptable length of the seed comb is 105-115 mm, since this produces a standard fiber with a staple mass length of 30.1 – 29.9 mm, meeting the standards.
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Mullenix, Kim K., and Lawton Stewart. "Cotton Byproduct Use in Southeastern Beef Cattle Diets: Quality, Intake, and Changes in Feed Characteristics." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab096.031.
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Abstract Cotton is grown on over 4.5 million hectares in the southeastern U.S. annually, and byproducts of cotton production are utilized as feedstuffs in beef systems. Cotton breeding efforts and variety recommendations for crop production represent potential changes in cotton seed size, density, and quality, which may influence whole cottonseed feed quality characteristics. Also, cotton breeding to reduce gossypol concentration without compromising yield may improve value in ruminant diets. A recent feed intake trial demonstrated greater consumption of ultra-low gossypol seed compared with seed derived from a more widely planted cotton variety (0.072% vs 0.53% free gossypol, respectively) in growing steers (1.9 and 1.1 kg/hd/d, respectively). Historically, cottonseed is limited in bull diets due to the associated of decreased fertility in males due to gossypol. However, a recent study found that feeding up to 3.2 kg/hd/d over a 60-d period to developing beef bulls did not affect sperm quality. Heat damage commonly occurs in cottonseed during storage after the ginning process, but the feed value of heat damaged cottonseed is unknown. A recent study indicated that in situ dry matter (52.2 vs 69.2%) and N (78.1 vs 91.6%) disappearance decreased for heat damaged compared to normal cottonseed, respectively. Cotton gin trash remains a prevalent byproduct with traditionally limited use. Some gins have equipment for baling gin trash in 180-to-270 kg modules, which allow ease of access and transport of gin trash waste for cow-calf producers. Similar to gin trash, grazing cotton crop residue after harvest can decrease the amount of hay fed during the winter. A recent 3-yr study indicated a 2.5 hd/ha stocking rate of mature, non-lactating cows over a 30-d period decreased hay consumption by 65 %. By understanding the feed characteristics and management needed to utilize cotton byproducts, cattle operations can decrease feed cost while maintaining animal performance.
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Funk, Paul A., Joseph W. Thomas, Kathleen M. Yeater, Neha Kothari, Carlos B. Armijo, Derek P. Whitelock, John D. Wanjura, and Christopher Delhom. "Gin Saw Thickness Impact on Lint Turnout, Lint Value, and Seed Damage." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 38, no. 4 (2022): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.15171.
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HighlightsWe compared 0.91 to 1.14 mm thick gin saws by ginning seed cotton from three regions.The gap between the saw and rib was 0.914 mm for the thin saws and 0.800 mm for the thick ones.Response variables were tested using a sequentially reduced (backwards regression) model.Lint “turnout”, lint value, and seed damage did not appear to be significantly different due to saw thickness.Abstract. Over 95% of U.S. cotton post-harvest processing is done using saw gins. Gin saws have long been supplied in three thicknesses. We quantified the effect of saw thickness on lint turnout, lint value, and seed damage, variables that determine producer returns. Saw cylinders stacked with 0.9144 and 1.143 mm (0.036 and 0.045 in.) thick saws, the thinnest and thickest available, were operated in laboratory conditions on three cotton growths (cultivars and production practices) from Mississippi, New Mexico, and Texas in an experiment with five replicates. Fiber quality from samples obtained after lint cleaning was measured using High Volume Instruments (HVI). HVI results were combined with Commodity Credit Corporation Marketing Assistance Loan premium and discount tables to calculate fiber value. Seed damage was estimated after germination using Association of Official Seed Analysts rules. A backwards regression approach in JMP reduced each response variable’s model until only significant controlled and uncontrolled variables remained. Tested variables included: growth and saw thickness and their interaction; processing rate; processing energy; test duration; foreign matter content; moisture content; and ambient humidity and temperature. There was no significant difference in fiber value due to saw thickness. Seed quality differences were insignificant. Differences in lint turnout due to saw thickness also were statistically insignificant. Saw thickness selection may be based on other considerations. Keywords: Cotton gin, Cottonseed, Fiber quality, Gin saw, Saw gin
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Prashantkumar Gulabrao Patil, Pramod Madhukar Padole, Jugalkishar Fulchand Agrawal, and Arun Bhimrao Dahake. "Effect of Roller Speed and Moisture Content of Cotton on Ginning Rate, Lint Quality and Electric Energy Consumption in Double Roller Gins." Textile Research Journal 77, no. 9 (September 2007): 635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517507078039.
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Alege, Femi Peter, Cody Daniel Blake, Sean P. Donohoe, and Joseph W. Thomas. "Nutrient Properties of Fresh and Composted Cotton Gin Byproducts and Cattle Manure for Soil Amendment." Journal of the ASABE 67, no. 1 (2024): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.15766.
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Highlights N and P concentrations in composted vs. fresh Cotton Gin Byproducts (CGB) were at least 55% (dry basis) higher. P concentrations in composted vs. raw Beef Manure (BM) were approximately 25% higher. Characterization informs product formulations and process parameters for co-pelleting CGB with BM. Accurate formulation would enhance the potential for sustainable utilization of both byproducts. Abstract. Applications of fresh and composted Cotton Gin Byproducts (CGB) and cattle manure as soil amendments are very common practices in the industry. However, composting and direct application of the materials are often limited by factors such as bulkiness, varying nutrient composition and application rates, and handling/transportation costs. This study was conducted to characterize fresh and composted CGB and beef manure (BM) for subsequent co-pelletization and utilization as soil amendments, and to investigate the effects of composting on the nutrient composition and agronomic values. Raw and composted samples of CGB and BM at different storage periods and composting ages were sourced from two commercial gins and a beef farm. Nutrient content, acidity, and compost maturity indices such as carbon/nitrogen (C/N) and ammonium/nitrate (NH4-N/NO3-N) ratios were determined and compared. All samples were obtained at four sampling points on the respective storage or composting piles. The results showed that composted CGB generally contained at least 55% more total-N and phosphorus oxide (P2O5), but approximately 35% less potassium oxide (K2O) than fresh CGB. Composted BM had approximately 3% less total-N, but at least 25% more P2O5 than raw BM. The nutrient compositions affirm the potential for co-pelletizing both forms of CGB and BM to improve the agronomic values and enhance the utilization as soil amendments. In addition, establishing the various properties of CGB and BM is crucial for determining product formulations and selecting process parameters for co-pelletization. Keywords: Beef manure, Composting, Cotton ginning, Nutrient composition, Soil fertility.
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Doraiswamy, Indra, P. Chellamani, and A. Pavendhan. "COTTON GINNING." Textile Progress 24, no. 2 (June 1993): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405169308688859.
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Togola, Mamadou, Jean-Paul Gourlot, Eric Gozé, Bruno Bachelier, Massa Coulibaly, and Abdoul Karim Traoré. "Feasibility study: a new way to check the stability of industrial ginning throughout the season." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 20 (July 20, 2017): 2362–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517720502.
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The quality of cotton fiber observed at classing depends on the production conditions (soil, variety, climate, and crop management practices, including harvesting technique) and on the ginning conditions (seed-cotton cleaning, ginning, and lint cleaning). Thus, when lint quality is monitored, variations in seed-cotton quality may be confused with the impact of variations in ginning conditions. So, rather than measuring the quality of the cotton leaving the ginning mill, we propose measuring the impact of ginning conditions on the difference in quality between a batch of cotton ginned in the mill and a sample of the same batch ginned using micro-ginning equipment. By comparing 11 industrial ginning mills with the micro-ginning equipment used as a control, this feasibility study evaluated the impact of ginning conditions in an experiment on 119 seed-cotton modules in Mali throughout the 2014–2015 season. Based on this comparison, data analysis showed that the ginning process did have an impact on cotton quality, that the impact varied with the date, and that it was only linked to ginning conditions. Conversely, no alert concerning the impact of industrial ginning conditions was issued based on the results of the evaluation of the quality of fiber samples from industrial ginning mills alone.
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Wakelyn, Phillip, and Kelley Green. "Cotton Gin Regulatory Issues." Journal of Cotton Science 20, no. 2 (2016): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/agdp4526.
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The many workplace, environmental, and other regulations that apply to cotton gins that need to be addressed through programs to ensure compliance are discussed. Some of the regulations discussed in this chapter apply to all gins, whereas other regulations will apply to some gins, but not all. Most of the environmental and workplace legislation was passed by Congress in the 1970s. This has led to many workplace and environmental regulations promulgated pursuant to these laws. In the future there will be even more regulations and these regulations will continue to be more comprehensive and restrictive.
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Siddaiah, Murali, Michael A. Lieberman, Nadipuram R. Prasad, and S. E. Hughs. "Automation in cotton ginning." International Journal of Intelligent Systems 19, no. 1-2 (January 2004): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/int.10156.
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Buser, Michael, Derek Whitelock, Clif Boykin, and Gregory Holt. "Cyclone Robber System Total Particulate Emission Factors and Rates for Cotton Gins: Method 17." Journal of Cotton Science 19, no. 1 (April 2015): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/quos5144.
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This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of stack sampling. The impetus behind this project was the urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues. A key component of this study was focused on Environmental Proctection Agency (EPA) total particulate emission factors. EPA AP-42 emission factors generally are assigned a rating, from A (excellent) to E (poor), to assess the quality of the data being referenced. Current EPA total particulate emission factor ratings for cotton gins are extremely low. Cotton gin data received these low ratings because the data were collected almost exclusively from a single geographical region. The objective of this study was to collect additional total particulate emission factor data for cyclone robber systems from cotton gins located in regions across the cotton belt using EPA-approved stack sampling methodology. The project plan included sampling seven cotton gins. Key factors for selecting specific cotton gins included: 1) facility location, 2) production capacity, 3) processing systems, and 4) abatement technologies. Three gins with cyclone robber system exhausts were sampled. The average production rate during testing for the three gins was 27.5 bales/h. The average cyclone robber system total particulate emission factor based on the three gins (12 total test runs) was 0.020 kg/227-kg bale (0.045 lb/500-lb bale). This average total particulate emission factor was less than that currently published in 1996 EPA AP-42, which was 0.083 kg/bale (0.18 lb/bale). The cyclone robber system test average emission rates ranged from 0.31 to 0.67 kg/h (0.69-1.48 lb/h).
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Iyer, Vijayan Gurumurthy. "Social impact assessment process for an efficient socio-economic transformation towards poverty alleviation and sustainable development." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Advances in Pure and Applied Sciences, no. 7 (November 30, 2016): 150–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjpaas.v0i7.3175.
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Abstract
Sustainable social entrepreneurship (SSE) is a kind of entrepreneurship that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability, efficiency and values of future generations to meet their own needs. SSE leads to sustainable development. Social entrepreneurs were developed through well-conceived and well directed training programmes around thrust areas, thus advancing the frontiers of theories and practice SSE. The concept of SSE challenges that fosters long-term protection of the society, environment and its habitants as the technological or engineering developments are guided by efficiency, productivity, profitability, health and environmental impacts, resource and energy conservation, waste management, and social impacts such as public convenience, unemployment and crime. The specific objectives of this research were: (i) To formulate and appraise forty-three number of detailed project reports (DPRs) of Diploma in Entrepreneurship and Business Management (DEBM ) course extension learners in eleven batches attached with the DEBM Counsellor and Co- ordinator of Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India -Ahmedabad (EDI),India as well author of this research during the research year (RY) 2007-2014 , (ii) To conduct social impact assessment and environmental health impact assessment (EHIA) for projects , (iii) To design and develop a comprehensive and green economic system modelling and (iv) To promote sustainable socio- economic policies of SIA process for an efficient socio- economic transformation development based on social entrepreneurial research conducted in South India . The design of the study is cross sectional. SIA is defined as the systematic identification and evaluation of the potential social impacts of proposed projects, plans, programs, policies or legislative actions relative to the socio- economic components of the society and total environment. Social factor has been considered in project planning and decision-making process in order to arrive at action which should be socio-economically compatible. Environmental health impact assessment process has been conducted in order to mitigate the environmental health impacts. Socio-economic environment is a man-made environment related to a set of considerations such as demographical study including population trends and population distribution , population interaction and interrelation to the social problem and solution, economic indicators of human welfare services, educational systems, transportation systems, environmental protective infrastructural facilities such as water supply system, waste water treatment system, solid and hazardous waste management, resource conservation and recovery process, environmental public health services and medical facilities. Social impact assessment process should be enacted as social policy act in order to encourage the considerations of human society in project planning and decision making process . Extension learners were equipped with the knowledge, skills and motivation to set up their sustainable social enterprises and function dynamically and manage successfully. DPRs proposed by learners have been investigated as per guidelines provided by EDI. Entrepreneurial business planning assessment regimes (EBPARs) have been accomplished for their credibility and communicability. DEBM projects were screened for the seven fatal flaws viz., (i) Scientific feasibility, (ii) technical feasibility, (iii) economic feasibility, (iv) marketing feasibility, (v) environmental feasibility, (vi) social feasibility and (vii) fundamental legality. Social entrepreneur of an entrepreneurial team should need skills in ethics, accounting, law, finance, team creation and marketing aspects in order to avoid failures in the process. The result analysis of forty- three learners has been discussed. Based on comprehensive socio-economic analysis, a green socio-economic system model has been presented. A famous project case of a DPR-I has been presented on unsafe chromium pollution and contamination of about 18 000 to 30 000 mg/kg from Indian cotton roller ginneries and development of green design roller gin rollers for cotton gins duly investigated in a ginning factory. Such low-carbon and energy-efficient agricultural technologies of agricultural hi-tech industries have made important contributions to mitigating the impacts of economic growth on global warming. Hitherto state-of-the- art literatures, market effects have been considered. It is reported that non-market impacts such as social and environmental impact assessment should be considered for proposed projects, plans, programs, policies and legislative action. It is concluded that this action-based and extension learning field study on SSE shall promote sustainable socio-economic policies for sustainable development and poverty alleviation.
Keywords: action, efficient, entrepreneurship, environmental impact assessment process, project, social impact assessment (SIA) process, transformation.
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Buser, Michael, Derek Whitelock, Clif Boykin, and Gregory Holt. "Second Stage Seed-Cotton Cleaning System Total Particulate Emission Factors and Rates for Cotton Gins: Method 17." Journal of Cotton Science 19, no. 1 (April 2015): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/fxpl5351.
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This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of stack sampling. The impetus behind this project was the urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues. A key component of this study was focused on Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) total particulate emission factors. EPA AP-42 emission factors generally are assigned a rating, from A (excellent) to E (poor), to assess the quality of the data being referenced. Current EPA total particulate emission factor ratings for cotton gins are extremely low. Cotton gin data received these low ratings because the data were collected almost exclusively from a single geographical region. The objective of this study was to collect additional total particulate emission factor data for 2nd stage seed-cotton cleaning systems from cotton gins located in regions across the cotton belt using EPA-approved stack sampling methodology. The project plan included sampling seven cotton gins. Key factors for selecting specific cotton gins included: 1) facility location, 2) production capacity, 3) processing systems, and 4) abatement technologies. Five gins with 2nd stage seed-cotton cleaning system exhausts were sampled. The average production rate during testing for the five gins was 34.7 bales/h. The average 2nd stage seed-cotton cleaning system total particulate emission factor based on five tests (14 total test runs) was 0.058 kg/227-kg bale (0.129 lb/500-lb bale). This average total particulate emission factor was less than that currently published in 1996 EPA AP-42, which was 0.11 kg/bale (0.24 lb/bale). The 2nd stage seed-cotton cleaning system test average emission rates ranged from 0.64 to 2.95 kg/h (1.41-6.49 lb/h).
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Whitelock, Derek, Michael Buser, Clif Boykin, and Gregory Holt. "Third Stage Seed-Cotton Cleaning System Total Particulate Emission Factors and Rates for Cotton Gins: Method 17." Journal of Cotton Science 19, no. 1 (April 2015): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/kega7043.
Full textAbstract:
This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of stack sampling. The impetus behind this project was the urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues. A key component of this study was focused on Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) total particulate emission factors. EPA AP-42 emission factors generally are assigned a rating, from A (excellent) to E (poor), to assess the quality of the data being referenced. Current EPA total particulate emission factor ratings for cotton gins are extremely low. Cotton gin data received these low ratings because the data were collected almost exclusively from a single geographical region. The objective of this study was to collect additional total particulate emission factor data for 3rd stage seed-cotton cleaning systems from cotton gins located in regions across the cotton belt using EPA-approved stack sampling methodology. The project plan included sampling seven cotton gins. Key factors for selecting specific cotton gins included: 1) facility location, 2) production capacity, 3) processing systems, and 4) abatement technologies. Two gins with 3rd stage seed-cotton cleaning system exhausts were sampled. The average production rate during testing for the two gins was 21.0 bales/h. The average 3rd stage seed-cotton cleaning system total particulate emission factor based on two tests (six total test runs) was 0.023 kg/227-kg bale (0.052 lb/500-lb bale). This average total particulate emission factor was less than that currently published in 1996 EPA AP-42, which was 0.043 kg/bale (0.095 lb/bale). The 3rd stage seed-cotton cleaning system test average emission rates ranged from 0.27 to 0.75 kg/h (0.59-1.66 lb/h).
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Boykin, Clif, Michael Buser, Derek Whitelock, and Gregory Holt. "First Stage Seed-Cotton Cleaning System Total Particulate Emission Factors and Rates from Cotton Gins: Method 17." Journal of Cotton Science 19, no. 1 (April 2015): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/kljr3498.
Full textAbstract:
This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of stack sampling. The impetus behind this project was the urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues. A key component of this study was focused on Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) total particulate emission factors. EPA AP-42 emission factors generally are assigned a rating, from A (excellent) to E (poor), to assess the quality of the data being referenced. Current EPA total particulate emission factor ratings for cotton gins are extremely low. Cotton gin data received these low ratings because the data were collected almost exclusively from a single geographical region. The objective of this study was to collect additional total particulate emission factor data for 1st stage seed-cotton cleaning systems from cotton gins located in regions across the cotton belt using EPA-approved stack sampling methodology. The project plan included sampling seven cotton gins. Key factors for selecting specific cotton gins included: 1) facility location, 2) production capacity, 3) processing systems, and 4) abatement technologies. All seven gins had 1st stage seed-cotton cleaning systems. The average production rate during testing for the seven gins was 31.8 bales/h. The average 1st stage seed-cotton cleaning system total particulate emission factor based on seven tests (18 total test runs) was 0.152 kg/227-kg bale (0.334 lb/500-lb bale). This average total particulate emission factor was less than that currently published in 1996 EPA AP-42, which was 0.17 kg/bale (0.36 lb/bale). The 1st stage seed-cotton cleaning system emission rate test averages ranged from 1.87 to 8.93 kg/h (4.13-19.68 lb/h).
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Arude, Vishnu G., Suresh P. Deshmukh, Prashant G. Patil, and Sujeet K. Shukla. "Optimization of single locking cotton feeder for maximizing ginning output and minimizing specific energy of double roller gin." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 12 (August 9, 2018): 2364–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518792713.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study was to improve the efficiency of the double roller cotton gin in terms of ginning output and energy consumption. Therefore a spike cylinder–type gin feeder with the concept of single locking of cotton bolls was developed and optimized. The speed of the spike cylinder of the single locking feeder and cotton moisture were optimized using response surface methodology for long and medium staple cotton. Ginning output of the double roller gin was maximized and the specific energy requirement for ginning was minimized during optimization. Quadratic models were fitted for prediction of ginning output and specific energy. Optimum cotton moisture of 7.38 and 7.15% and optimum spike cylinder speed of 307 and 297 rpm with desirability of 0.9185 and 0.8923 were arrived at using multiple regression analysis for long and medium staple cotton, respectively. Use of the single locking cotton feeder for long and medium staple cotton resulted in a 22 and 25% increase in ginning output, respectively, and a 12 and 13.5% reduction in specific energy requirement, respectively, compared to the conventional system, the auto-feeder. The single locking feeder showed significant improvement in the color grade of cotton. Other high volume instrument and advanced fiber information system fiber quality parameters remained unaffected.
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D, KRISHNADOSS, MYLSWAMI V, NALLATHAMBI G, and KADAMBAVANASUNDARAM M. "COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS IN GOSSYPIUM BARBADENSE." Madras Agricultural Journal 77, september December (1990): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01971.
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A four parent full diallel analysis was made in Gossyplum barbadense cotton to study the nature of general and specific combining abilities and the magnitude of relative heterosis for yield of seed cotton, halo length and ginning outturn. Yield of seed cotton was predominantly under the control of dominance gene action where as halo length and ginning were predominantly under the control of additive gene action. TCB 295 was the best combiner for halo length and TCB 296 was the best combiner for ginning outturn. Heterosis for seed cotton yield ranged from 18.11% to 90.64% while the magnitude of heterosis was low in respect of halo length and ginning. The hybrid combination TCB 293 x TCB 296 was suggested for exploiting through heterosis breeding for increasing the seed cotton yield.
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Kadirova, Gulnorakhon, and Gulnara Ismailova. "Study of the coefficient of friction caused by the seed cotton flow action in pneumatic polyethylene pipes." E3S Web of Conferences 548 (2024): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454802010.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to improve the quality indicators of cotton by replacing traditional steel pipes with polyethylene pipes in cotton ginning enterprises. The research involved adding erucamide product to the polyethylene composition and applying it to the cotton ginning process. The damage processes to cotton fibers during the seed cotton flow action in pneumatic steel pipes were studied. The installation of polyethylene pipes was found to significantly improve the quality of the chipboard. The advantages and disadvantages of using polyethylene pipes were considered, and the damage levels to cotton fibers were assessed. The results highlight the benefits of using polyethylene pipes in cotton ginning enterprises to produce high-quality cotton fibers and seeds.
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Rathod, Sangharsh S., Pankaj M. Kasdekar, Tanuja R. Bramhankar, Manish Arun Dhakate, and Gautam Marotrao Khakse. "Health Status of Cotton-ginning Workers in Central India: A Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University 19, no. 1 (2024): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_145_23.
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Abstract Introduction: Cotton ginning is an important industry in Central India, employing a significant number of workers. The cotton-ginning industry is associated with various occupational health hazards, including exposure to cotton dust, which can lead to respiratory problems such as byssinosis. In addition, cotton-ginning workers are also exposed to workplace stress, which can have negative impacts on their physical and mental health. Aims: The aim of this cross-sectional study is to assess the health status of cotton-ginning workers in Central India. Methodology: A total of 285 cotton-ginning workers from various factories in Central India were recruited for this study. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, occupational characteristics, presence of byssinosis, and workplace stress were collected through a structured questionnaire. The Roach and Schilling criteria for byssinosis were used to assess the presence of this byssinosis. Workplace stress was assessed using the Workplace Stress Scale, which is a validated tool for assessing stress in occupational settings. Data were analyzed using R software 4.2.2. Results: The majority of cotton-ginning workers were female (71.2%) and had a primary level of education (51.3%). Most workers (77.54%) had been employed in the industry for 1–5 years, and the majority of workers (55.8%) worked as helpers. Only 4.21% of workers reported having byssinosis. The majority of workers (63.51%) reported lower levels of workplace stress, while a small proportion (3.16%) reported severe levels of workplace stress. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the health status of cotton-ginning workers in Central India is relatively good. However, there is a need to implement appropriate occupational health and safety measures which are inclusive of all workers, not just machine operators.
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Khodjiev, M. T., and Sh Sh Isaev. "Study on the improvement of the device for cleaning low-grade cotton with high- moisture." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 939, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/939/1/012071.
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Abstract This article analyzes the importance of the process of ginning cotton with high pollution before ginning, the operation of the ginning device before ginning, the impact of the device nodes with the raw cotton. At the same time, the cleaning efficiency of the machine in the cleaning equipment from small and large contaminants, the basic control developments and calculation processes in the selection of the technological parameters of the cleaners are considered. It was suggested and analyzed that before the cotton was ginned, the cleaning device should be replaced with cone-tipped piles and a new belt extension to remove impurities instead of fine-grained drum piles. The impact strength and impact of the proposed conical-tipped pile drums on cotton have been studied.
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Boykin, Clif, Michael Buser, Derek Whitelock, and Gregory Holt. "Third Stage Seed-Cotton Cleaning System PM10 Emission Factors and Rates for Cotton Gins: Method 201A PM10 Sizing Cyclones." Journal of Cotton Science 18, no. 2 (September 2014): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/mpob3623.
Full textAbstract:
This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of stack sampling. The impetus behind this project was the urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues. A key component of this study was focused on EPA emission factors for particulate matter with a particle diameter nominally less than or equal to 10 µm (PM10). The 1996 EPA AP-42 emission factors were assigned quality ratings, from A (Excellent) to E (Poor), to assess the quality of the data being referenced. Emission factor quality ratings for cotton gins were extremely low. Cotton gin data received these low ratings because they were collected almost exclusively from a single geographical region. The objective of this study was to collect additional PM10 emission factor data for 3rd stage seed-cotton cleaning systems at cotton gins located in regions across the cotton belt based on EPA-approved stack sampling methodology, Method 201A. The project plan included sampling seven cotton gins across the cotton belt. Key factors for selecting specific cotton gins included: 1) facility location, 2) production capacity, 3) processing systems and 4) abatement technologies. Two of the seven gins were equipped with 3rd stage seed-cotton cleaning systems. In terms of capacity, the two gins were typical of the industry, averaging 22.0 bales/h during testing. The 3rd stage seed-cotton cleaning system average emission factors for PM10 and total particulate were 0.019 kg/227-kg bale (0.042 lb/500-lb bale) and 0.024 kg/bale (0.054 lb/bale), respectively. The system average PM10 emission factor was higher and the system average total particulate emission factor was lower than those currently published in EPA AP-42. Third stage seed-cotton cleaning system PM10 emission rate test averages ranged from 0.28 to 0.56 kg/h (0.61-1.24 lb/h). The ratio of 3rd stage seed-cotton cleaning system PM10 to total particulate was 79.1%.
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Whitelock, Derek, Michael Buser, Clif Boykin, and Gregory Holt. "Mote Cyclone Robber System Total Particulate Emission Factors and Rates for Cotton Gins: Method 17." Journal of Cotton Science 19, no. 1 (April 2015): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/zyqt8586.
Full textAbstract:
This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of stack sampling. The impetus behind this project was the urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues. A key component of this study was focused on Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) total particulate emission factors. There is no total particulate emission factor published for mote cyclone robber systems in the 1996 EPA AP-42. The objective of this study was to collect total particulate emission factor data for mote cyclone robber cleaning systems from cotton gins located in regions across the cotton belt using EPA-approved stack sampling methodology. The project plan included sampling seven cotton gins. Key factors for selecting specific cotton gins included: 1) facility location, 2) production capacity, 3) processing systems and 4) abatement technologies. Three gins with mote cyclone robber systems were sampled. The average production rate during testing for the three gins was 25.6 bales/h. The average mote cyclone robber system total particulate emission factor based on three tests (nine total test runs) was 0.050 kg/227-kg bale (0.111 lb/500-lb bale). The mote cyclone robber systems emission rate test averages ranged from 0.66 to 2.15 kg/h (1.46-4.74 lb/h).