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Journal articles on the topic 'Cotton – Growth regulators'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

GONIAS, E. D., D. M. OOSTERHUIS, and A. C. BIBI. "Cotton radiation use efficiency response to plant growth regulators." Journal of Agricultural Science 150, no. 5 (October 2012): 595–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859611000803.

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SUMMARYPlant growth regulators are widely used in cotton production to improve crop management. Previous research has demonstrated changes in crop growth, dry matter (DM) partitioning and lint yield of cotton after the application of plant growth regulators. However, no reports are available demonstrating the effect of plant growth regulators on light interception and radiation use efficiency (RUE). Field studies were conducted in Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA in 2006 and 2007. RUE was estimated for the period between the pinhead square stage (PHS) of growth and 3 weeks after first flower (FF+3) from plots receiving three applications of the nitrophenolate and mepiquat chloride with Bacillus cereus plant growth regulators (Chaperone™) at 7·19 g a.i./ha and Pix Plus® at 41·94 g a.i./ha compared with an untreated control. No differences between the Chaperone treatment and the untreated control were found in the present study. However, Pix Plus significantly reduced plant height (both 2006 and 2007) and leaf area (2007 only), and altered the canopy structure of the crop as recorded by increased values of canopy extinction coefficient. Although DM accumulation was found not to be affected by plant growth regulator treatments, RUE was significantly increased after Pix Plus application, by 33·2%. RUE was increased because less light was intercepted by the Pix Plus treatment for the same biomass production, and this is probably a result of changes in photosynthetic capacity of the leaves and changes in light distribution throughout the canopy.

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2

Rolim, Guilherme G., Eduardo M. Barros, Paulo R. R. Barbosa, Lucas S. Arruda, and Jorge B. Torres. "Sublethal Effects of Insect Growth Regulators on Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 112, no. 5 (June 19, 2019): 2222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz164.

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Abstract Immature stages of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boh. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), develop protected inside cotton fruiting structures. Therefore, the adult beetles have become the main target of insecticide applications. The use of insect growth regulators (IGRs) is recommended against immatures, even though they may also affect the survival and reproductive traits of adult insects. The present study evaluated the impact of a juvenile hormone analog (pyriproxyfen), an ecdysteroid agonist (methoxyfenozide), and a chitin biosynthesis inhibitor (lufenuron) on adult cotton boll weevils, a key cotton pest. Mated and virgin beetles were treated by feeding them contaminated squares and cotton leaf discs that were previously immersed into pyriproxyfen, methoxyfenozide, and lufenuron solutions at field-rate concentrations. After exposure, treated couples were caged onto cotton plants, and survival, fecundity, and egg viability were evaluated. The IGRs neither affected the survival nor fecundity of adult boll weevils. On the other hand, egg viability was significantly reduced by lufenuron, regardless of whether the females were treated premating or postmating or whether their pairs were either treated or untreated. However, egg viability increased as the females aged since the initial exposure date to lufenuron, indicating a potential transovarial effect of this insecticide. Our results indicate that pyriproxyfen and methoxyfenozide do not affect adult boll weevils, whereas lufenuron temporarily reduces the egg viability of this key cotton pest.

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3

Owen Gwathmey, C., and C. Chism Craig. "Managing Earliness in Cotton with Mepiquat-type Growth Regulators." Crop Management 2, no. 1 (2003): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/cm-2003-1222-01-rs.

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4

Corbin, Billy R., and Robert E. Frans. "Protecting Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) from Fluometuron Injury with Seed Protectants." Weed Science 39, no. 3 (September 1991): 408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500073148.

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Field experiments were conducted in 1986 and 1987 to evaluate the potential of growth regulators mepiquat chloride and chlormequat chloride as seed treatments to protect cotton from fluometuron injury. Fluometuron at two and three times the recommended use rate reduced cotton stand and height on Taloka and Convent silt loam soils both years. Cotton grown on a Sharkey silty clay soil was not injured by fluometuron. Mepiquat chloride and chlormequat chloride increased cotton stands on a Taloka silt loam soil when averaged over rates and years. In general, fluometuron injury to cotton was not reduced by treating seed with 1000 ppmw concentrations of chlormequat chloride or mepiquat chloride. Chlormequat chloride reduced chlorosis and necrosis of cotton treated with fluometuron, but neither growth regulator eliminated cotton injury or yield reduction caused by fluometuron at two or three times the recommended rates.

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5

Garcia, Rodrigo Arroyo, Mariana Zampar Toledo, and Ciro Antonio Rosolem. "Growth regulator losses from cotton plants due to rainfall." Scientia Agricola 67, no. 2 (April 2010): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162010000200005.

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Plant growth regulators (PGRs) applied to cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.) can be washed off by rainfall. It is expected that the closer the rainfall to spraying time, the higher the product loss and the higher the amount of product to be reapplied to reach the desired growth rate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of time between rainfall and application of either mepiquat chloride or chlormequat chloride to cotton on plant growth, as well as, estimate the need for PGR reapplication. Cotton was grown in 12-L pots with soil in a greenhouse. PGRs were applied forty days after seedling emergence, when 50% of plants had one pinhead square. Rainfall was simulated 1, 2, 4, 6, or 24 h after spraying. Plant height was measured just before PGR application and then at 3-d intervals for 30 d. At harvest, the number of reproductive branches and structures were counted before dry matter phytomass determination. Both growth regulators reduced cotton dry matter yields regardless of rainfall interval. PGRs controlled excessive plant growth; however, their efficiency was reduced as the time elapsed until rainfall was shorter. Product losses were detected after all rainfall intervals, which, in field conditions would require PGR reapplication. Mepiquat chloride rates to be reapplied after rain were on average 17% higher than chlormequat chloride rates.

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6

Thomas, Walter E., Wesley J. Everman, James R. Collins, Clifford H. Koger, and John W. Wilcut. "Rain-free requirement and physiological properties of cotton plant growth regulators." Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 88, no. 3 (July 2007): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2006.12.002.

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7

Sable, S. S., G. R. Lahane, and S. J. Dhakulkar. "Effect of Various Plant Growth Regulators on Growth and Yield of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6, no. 11 (November 10, 2017): 978–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.115.

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8

Echer, Fábio Rafael, and Ciro Antonio Rosolem. "Plant growth regulator losses in cotton as affected by adjuvants and rain." Ciência Rural 42, no. 12 (October 23, 2012): 2138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782012005000120.

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Most of Brazilian cotton is produced in regions where annual rainfall exceeds 1,500mm, hence plant growth regulators (PGR) may be washed from the leaves before being absorbed. The objective of this research was to evaluate mepiquat chloride and chlormequat chloride washing from cotton leaves by rains occurring at different moments post spraying. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. Both PGR were sprayed to cotton at pin-head square at 15g ha-1 a.i. with and without a silicon-based adjuvant, and simulated rains were applied at 0, 0.75, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0 and 24 hours after spraying, plus a control without rainfall. Addition of silicon adjuvant increased PGR uptake. Rainfall occurring up to 24 hours after spraying resulted in some PGR loss from cotton leaves, mainly in the absence of the adjuvant. The decreased uptake implies that in order to achieve the desired level of growth reduction, at least a fraction of the original PGR rate should be reapplied.

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9

Jiang, Dan, Bin Lu, Liantao Liu, Wenjing Duan, Li Chen, Jin Li, Ke Zhang, et al. "Exogenous melatonin improves salt stress adaptation of cotton seedlings by regulating active oxygen metabolism." PeerJ 8 (December 11, 2020): e10486. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10486.

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Melatonin is a small-molecule indole hormone that plays an important role in participating in biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Melatonin has been confirmed to promote the normal development of plants under adversity stress by mediating physiological regulation mechanisms. However, the mechanisms by which exogenous melatonin mediates salt tolerance via regulation of antioxidant activity and osmosis in cotton seedlings remain largely unknown. In this study, the regulatory effects of melatonin on reactive oxygen species (ROS), the antioxidant system, and osmotic modulators of cotton seedlings were determined under 0–500 µM melatonin treatments with salt stress induced by 150 mM NaCl treatment. Cotton seedlings under salt stress exhibited an inhibition of growth, excessive hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2−), and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulations in leaves, increased activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and elevated ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) content in leaves. However, the content of osmotic regulators (i.e., soluble sugars and proteins) in leaves was reduced under salt stress. This indicates high levels of ROS were produced, and the cell membrane was damaged. Additionally, osmotic regulatory substance content was reduced, resulting in osmotic stress, which seriously affected cotton seedling growth under salt stress. However, exogenous melatonin at different concentrations reduced the contents of H2O2, O2−, and MDA in cotton leaves, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of reductive substances (i.e., AsA and GSH), and promoted the accumulation of osmotic regulatory substances in leaves under salt stress. These results suggest that melatonin can inhibit ROS production in cotton seedlings, improve the activity of the antioxidant enzyme system, raise the content of osmotic regulation substances, reduce the level of membrane lipid peroxidation, and protect the integrity of the lipid membrane under salt stress, which reduces damage caused by salt stress to seedlings and effectively enhances inhibition of salt stress on cotton seedling growth. These results indicate that 200 µM melatonin treatment has the best effect on the growth and salt tolerance of cotton seedlings.

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10

Ahmad, Nazir, S. M. Masoom Shah Ras ., and Akbar Ali Rajput . "Efficacy of Plant Growth Regulators to Manage the Insect Pests of Cotton." Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 2, no. 7 (March 15, 2003): 544–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2003.544.547.

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11

Akram, Abida, Ghulam Jilani, and M. Akram. "Response of Cotton to the Synergistic Use of Fertilizers and Growth Regulators." Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 2, no. 13 (June 15, 2003): 974–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2003.974.977.

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12

Kumar, Vijay, G. K. Grewal, and Prasad s. BuranGe. "Biopesticides and insect growth regulators against Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) infesting bt cotton." Indian Journal of Entomology 81, no. 4 (2019): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8172.2019.00177.9.

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13

Trevisan, Rodrigo, Natanael Vilanova Júnior, Mateus Eitelwein, and José Molin. "Management of Plant Growth Regulators in Cotton Using Active Crop Canopy Sensors." Agriculture 8, no. 7 (July 2, 2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8070101.

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14

Satoh, Gordon T., Frederick W. Plapp, and J. E. Slosseh. "Potential of Juvenoid Insect Growth Regulators for Managing Cotton Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 88, no. 2 (April 1, 1995): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/88.2.254.

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15

Pandey, D. M., C. L. Goswami, B. Kumar, and S. Jain. "Effect of Growth Regulators on Photosynthetic Metabolites in Cotton under Water Stress." Biologia plantarum 45, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1016286121451.

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16

Wolfenbarger, D. A., and S. J. Nemec. "Usefulness of Two Diphenzyl Benzoyl Urea Insect Growth Regulators Against the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 26, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-26.4.466.

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Topical applications at submicrogram levels of the insect growth regulators (IGR) penfluron and diflubenzuron prevented the hatch of boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, eggs. Neither compound was toxic to the weevil, however field-cage studies showed that diflubenzuron greatly reduced emergence of weevils from squares. In all field tests spray applications were initiated at first one-third grown square (<1 cm dia) and continued for 13 to 17 applications during 51 days, throughout the cotton growing season on a 3–5 day schedule. In 1981, cotton sprayed with penfluron diluted in water plus petroleum oil had significantly greater yields than cotton sprayed with penfluron only. In 1982, diflubenzuron and penfluron diluted in oil and water and applied at 0.07 kg/ha, reduced boll weevil emergence from squares 57 to 78% compared to emergence in untreated plots. In 1983, emergence of adults from bolls was reduced 39% in plots sprayed with diflubenzuron at a rate of 0.28 kg A.I./ha. In 1981, no reduction in adult emergence from bolls only was observed in plots sprayed with penfluron at rate of 0.07 kg A.I./ha; when penfluron was applied at 3 day intervals in oil boll weevil emergence from squares was significantly reduced. Yields of seed cotton were significantly greater in plots sprayed on a 3–5 day schedule with penfluron or diflubenzuron in oil, at a rate of 0.07 or 0.28 kg A.I./ha respectively, when compared to the untreated check; they were 926, 1697 to 1874, and 726 kg/ha in 1981, 1982, and 1983, respectively, In 1981 and 1982, predator populations (mostly Hemiptera and spiders) in plots sprayed with either diflubenzuron or penfluron, with or without oil, were reduced significantly compared to populations in the untreated check.

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17

S. Mohammad, Abdul-Mutallib. "EFFECT OF SOME GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE INITATION AND GROWTH OF COTTON (Gossypium hirsutun L.) CALLUS." Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture 33, no. 1 (March 28, 2005): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/magrj.2005.36117.

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18

Deol, J. S., Raj ni, and Ramanjit Kaur. "Production Potential of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) as Affected by Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs)." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 04 (April 10, 2018): 3599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.704.406.

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19

ZHANG, Xiao-Meng, Song-Jiang LIU, Wen-Fang GONG, Jun-Ling SUN, Bao-Yin PANG, and Xiong-Ming DU. "Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Fiber Growth and Development in Colored Cotton Ovule Culture in vitro." Acta Agronomica Sinica 43, no. 5 (2017): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1006.2017.00763.

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20

Kumar, B., D. M. Pandey, C. L. Goswami, and S. Jain. "Effect of Growth Regulators on Photosynthesis, Transpiration and Related Parameters in Water Stressed Cotton." Biologia plantarum 44, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1012408624665.

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21

Sawan, Z. M. "Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus Fertilization and Growth Regulators on Cotton Yield and Fiber Properties." Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 156, no. 4 (May 1986): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037x.1986.tb00032.x.

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22

Javaid, I., R. N. Uaine, and J. Massua. "The use of insect growth regulators for the control of insect pests of cotton." International Journal of Pest Management 45, no. 4 (January 1999): 245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/096708799227635.

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23

Nasouri, H., H. Badawy, and A. Barakat. "THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SOME INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS AGAINST THE COTTON LEAFWORM Spodoptera littoralis (BIOSD.)." Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology 3, no. 7 (July 1, 2012): 667–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2012.84093.

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24

Sarlach, R. S., and Amandeep Singh Brar. "Manipulation of Source Sink Relationship through Growth Regulators for Enhancing Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Productivity." Vegetos- An International Journal of Plant Research 31, no. 2 (2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2229-4473.2018.00051.4.

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25

Sarwar, M. "COMPARATIVE ABILITY OF SOME GROWTH REGULATORS FOR INDUCING THERMOTOLERANCE IN COTTON UNDER DIFFERENT THERMAL REGIMES." Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 53, no. 04 (September 1, 2016): 767–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/16.14974.

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26

Gencsoylu, Ibrahim. "Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Agronomic Characteristics, Lint Quality, Pests, and Predators in Cotton." Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 28, no. 2 (March 7, 2009): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00344-009-9083-x.

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27

Kassem, M. M. A., S. A. F. Hamoda, and M. A. A. Emara. "RESPONSE OF COTTON GROWTH AND YIELD TO FOLIAR APPLICATION WITH THE GROWTH REGULATORS INDOLE ACETIC ACID (IAA) AND KINETIN." Journal of Plant Production 34, no. 3 (March 1, 2009): 1983–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jpp.2009.116970.

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28

A., El-Sayed,, Adel Amer, and W. Desuky. "Side Effect of Some Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs) on the Associated Predators of Cotton Leaf Worm, Spodoptera littoralis ( boisd.) In Cotton Fields." Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology 8, no. 3 (December 1, 2015): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/eajbsa.2015.12871.

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29

Ismail, Seham. "BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF SOME INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS ON FIELD STRAINS OF THE COTTON LEAFWORM, Spodoptera littoralis." Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology 4, no. 10 (October 1, 2013): 837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2013.87496.

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30

Elgohary, Laila. "OVICIDAL AND LARVICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF THREE INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS AGAINST THE COTTON LEAFWORM Spodoptera littoralis (BOISD.)." Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2014.87849.

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31

Yakubu, Mohammed Saani, Bonaventure Kissinger Maalekuu, and Paul Kweku Tandoh. "Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Chemical Quality Characteristics of Stored Seeds of Two Cotton Varieties." Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research 8, no. 3 (January 3, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2018/46011.

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32

Yasin, Shazia, and Aneela Yasmin. "Standardization of a genotype independent combination of growth regulators for axenic shoot tip culture of cotton." Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 19 (May 2019): 101156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101156.

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33

Naranjo, Steven E., Peter C. Ellsworth, and James R. Hagler. "Conservation of natural enemies in cotton: role of insect growth regulators in management of Bemisia tabaci." Biological Control 30, no. 1 (May 2004): 52–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2003.09.010.

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34

MOHAMED, ESAM M., HANAN F. ABDEL – HAFEZ, and MAHASEN A. ABDL- AZIZ. "INDUCING RESISTANCE IN COTTON PLANTS, GOSSYPIUM BARBADENSE L. AGAINST SOME INSECT PESTS BY PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS." Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 88, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejar.2010.180229.

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35

Cui, Yupeng, Ying Su, Junjuan Wang, Bing Jia, Man Wu, Wenfeng Pei, Jinfa Zhang, and Jiwen Yu. "Genome-Wide Characterization and Analysis of CIPK Gene Family in Two Cultivated Allopolyploid Cotton Species: Sequence Variation, Association with Seed Oil Content, and the Role of GhCIPK6." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3 (January 29, 2020): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030863.

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Calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs), as key regulators, play an important role in plant growth and development and the response to various stresses. In the present study, we identified 80 and 78 CIPK genes in the Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense, respectively. The phylogenetic and gene structure analysis divided the cotton CIPK genes into five groups which were classified into an exon-rich clade and an exon-poor clade. A synteny analysis showed that segmental duplication contributed to the expansion of Gossypium CIPK gene family, and purifying selection played a major role in the evolution of the gene family in cotton. Analyses of expression profiles showed that GhCIPK genes had temporal and spatial specificity and could be induced by various abiotic stresses. Fourteen GhCIPK genes were found to contain 17 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and co-localized with oil or protein content quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Additionally, five SNPs from four GhCIPKs were found to be significantly associated with oil content in one of the three field tests. Although most GhCIPK genes were not associated with natural variations in cotton oil content, the overexpression of the GhCIPK6 gene reduced the oil content and increased C18:1 and C18:1+C18:1d6 in transgenic cotton as compared to wild-type plants. In addition, we predicted the potential molecular regulatory mechanisms of the GhCIPK genes. In brief, these results enhance our understanding of the roles of CIPK genes in oil synthesis and stress responses.

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36

Till, Stephen, Kathy Lawrence, Patricia Donald, and Drew Schrimsher. "Nematicides, Starter Fertilizers, and Plant Growth Regulators Implementation into a Corn Production System." Plant Health Progress 19, no. 3 (January 1, 2018): 242–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-05-18-0025-rs.

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The southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is one of the most important nematode pathogens in Alabama owing to its wide host range and yield loss on major agronomic crops. Management of root-knot nematode is undervalued in corn production owing to relatively low prices for corn at the market, less obvious symptoms, and smaller yield losses compared with cotton and soybeans, plus an overall lack of management options. However, growing successive susceptible crops in root-knot nematode-infested fields only heightens the risk of future yield loss. We evaluated use of starter fertilizers and plant growth regulators with nematicides as an economically viable option to reduce the impact of M. incognita on corn. In 2 years of research, we concluded that the combination of all three inputs provided positive economic returns in only one out of four trials. In 2016, the location with the lower root-knot nematode population density saw significant advantages with these input combinations. In 2017, dramatic advantages in early plant growth were observed with a variety of combinations, but owing to unfavorable growing conditions, yield increases were not observed. We concluded that an early plant growth increase due to applications of starter fertilizers, plant growth regulators, and nematicides often did not correlate to increased yield, although the potential exists.

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37

Nasr, Hoda M., Mohamed E. I. Badawy, and Entsar I. Rabea. "Toxicity and biochemical study of two insect growth regulators, buprofezin and pyriproxyfen, on cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis." Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 98, no. 2 (October 2010): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2010.06.007.

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38

Assar, A. A., M. M. Abo El-Mahasen, H. F. Dahi, and H. S. Amin. "Biochemical effects of some insect growth regulators and bioinsecticides against cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)(Lepidoptera Noctuidae)." Journal of Bioscience and Applied Research 2, no. 8 (August 25, 2016): 587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jbaar.2016.108937.

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39

Salih, Haron, Shoupu He, Hongge Li, Zhen Peng, and Xiongming Du. "Investigation of the EIL/EIN3 Transcription Factor Gene Family Members and Their Expression Levels in the Early Stage of Cotton Fiber Development." Plants 9, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9010128.

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The ethylene-insensitive3-like/ethylene-insensitive3 (EIL/EIN3) protein family can serve as a crucial factor for plant growth and development under diverse environmental conditions. EIL/EIN3 protein is a form of a localized nuclear protein with DNA-binding activity that potentially contributes to the intricate network of primary and secondary metabolic pathways of plants. In light of recent research advances, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and novel bioinformatics tools have provided significant breakthroughs in the study of the EIL/EIN3 protein family in cotton. In turn, this paved the way to identifying and characterizing the EIL/EIN3 protein family. Hence, the high-throughput, rapid, and cost-effective meta sequence analyses have led to a remarkable understanding of protein families in addition to the discovery of novel genes, enzymes, metabolites, and other biomolecules of the higher plants. Therefore, this work highlights the recent advance in the genomic-sequencing analysis of higher plants, which has provided a plethora of function profiles of the EIL/EIN3 protein family. The regulatory role and crosstalk of different metabolic pathways, which are apparently affected by these transcription factor proteins in one way or another, are also discussed. The ethylene hormone plays an important role in the regulation of reactive oxygen species in plants under various environmental stress circumstances. EIL/EIN3 proteins are the key ethylene-signaling regulators and play important roles in promoting cotton fiber developmental stages. However, the function of EIL/EIN3 during initiation and early elongation stages of cotton fiber development has not yet been fully understood. The results provided valuable information on cotton EIL/EIN3 proteins, as well as a new vision into the evolutionary relationships of this gene family in cotton species.

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40

Stapleton, Melanie R., Malcolm J. Horsburgh, Emma J. Hayhurst, Lynda Wright, Ing-Marie Jonsson, Andrej Tarkowski, John F. Kokai-Kun, James J. Mond, and Simon J. Foster. "Characterization of IsaA and SceD, Two Putative Lytic Transglycosylases of Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 20 (August 3, 2007): 7316–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00734-07.

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ABSTRACT Bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan is a dynamic structure requiring hydrolysis to allow cell wall growth and division. Staphylococcus aureus has many known and putative peptidoglycan hydrolases, including two likely lytic transglycosylases. These two proteins, IsaA and SceD, were both found to have autolytic activity. Regulatory studies showed that the isaA and sceD genes are partially mutually compensatory and that the production of SceD is upregulated in an isaA mutant. The expression of sceD is also greatly upregulated by the presence of NaCl. Several regulators of isaA and sceD expression were identified. Inactivation of sceD resulted in impaired cell separation, as shown by light microscopy, and “clumping” of bacterial cultures. An isaA sceD mutant is attenuated for virulence, while SceD is essential for nasal colonization in cotton rats, thus demonstrating the importance of cell wall dynamics in host-pathogen interactions.

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Zakirova, R. P., S. S. Asatova, N. R. Safarova, and F. Sh Tashpulatova. "Study of the growth-promoting activity of plant polysaccharides of Gleditsia triacanthos, Crotalaria alata and Crotalaria sp." Agrarian science, no. 1 (March 7, 2020): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2020-334-1-52-55.

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Relevance. In plant growing practice plant growth regulators based on plant substances are widely used. Plant polysaccharides are among the biologically active compounds that can be used as natural raw materials to create new drugs.Methods. The growth-promoting activity of galactomannans isolated from the seeds of the plants Crotalaria alata, Gleditsia triacanthos and Crotalaria sp. was studied on cotton and wheat crops when they were grown under saline conditions. The range of studied concentrations was in the range from 0.1% to 0.0001%. Presowing treatment was carried out for 18 hours, after which the seeds were germinated in Petri dishes with the addition of 1% NaCl saline solution at a temperature of 25 °C. The biological activity of polysaccharides was evaluated by the linear growth of aboveground and underground organs of seedlings. The results were statistically processed using the Original Pro program.Results. The studied substances have growth-stimulating activity, which depended on their origin and concentration. So galactomannan obtained from Crotalaria alata, under salinization conditions, had a positive effect on the growth of wheat root at 0.01% concentration, and from Gleditsia triacanthos at lower concentrations, 0.001% and 0.0001%. On the stem growth, the maximum effect was exerted by a substance isolated from Crotalaria alata in 0.01% and 0.001% doses. On cotton, stem growth was activated by the polysaccharide Crotalaria sp. in 0.0001% concentrations, the root is galactomannan Gleditsia triacanthos in 0.01% concentration.

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Prakash, Gowtham. "Impact of Planting Density and Growth Regulators on Bt Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Hybrid Yield and Component Traits." International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience 5, no. 5 (November 30, 2017): 1273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.5902.

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Rauf, Saeed, and Hafeez-ur Rahman. "A Study of in vitro Regeneration in Relation to Doses of Growth Regulators in Hybrids of Upland Cotton." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 83, no. 2 (November 2005): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-005-5770-x.

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Bakhsh, A., K. Shahzad, and T. Husnain. "Variation in the spatio-temporal expression of insecticidal genes in cotton." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 47, No. 1 (March 18, 2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/131/2010-cjgpb.

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The most significant breakthrough in plant biotechnology is the development of the techniques to transform genes from unrelated sources into commercially important crop plants to develop resistance against targeted insect pests. The spatio-temporal expression of insecticidal genes in transgenic cotton varies with plant age, plant parts and environmental conditions. The understanding of this temporal and spatial variation in efficacy and the resulting mechanisms is essential for cotton protection and production. This review summarizes variations in the efficacy of introduced insecticidal genes in cotton crop. The factors contributing to the variability of endotoxins have also been highlighted. The reduction in Bt protein biosynthesis in late-season cotton tissues could be attributed to the overexpression of the Bt gene at earlier stages, which leads to gene regulation at post-transcription levels and consequently results in gene silencing at a later stage. Methylation of the promoter may also play a role in the declined expression of endotoxin proteins. In genetically modified crops several environmental factors have been reported to affect the expression of transgenes. Among environmental factors nitrogen metabolism, inhibition of synthesis, degradation, remobilization and high temperature are attributable to the quantitative reduction in Bt proteins. Applying plant growth regulators or protein enhancers such as Chaperone<sup>TM</sup> may improve Bt cotton efficacy through enhancing the synthesis of proteins. Also some agronomic practices such as nitrogen fertilization and timely irrigation favour the endotoxin expression. Thus, variations in the efficacy of insecticidal genes in transgenic cotton and the involved mechanisms need to be understood fully so as to plan rational resistance management strategies to retard the rate of resistance development and to control target pests effectively by enhancing the endotoxin expression through genetic or agronomic management.

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Mehasen, S. A. S., Sanaa G. Gebaly, and O. A. Seoudi. "Effectiveness of Organic and Inorganic Fertilization in Presence of Some Growth Regulators on Productivity and Quality of Egyptian Cotton." Asian Journal of Biological Sciences 5, no. 4 (May 1, 2012): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2012.171.182.

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EL-KHAYAT, EZAT F., WAHED M. DESUKY, MOHAMED M. AZAB, and MOHAMED M. KHEDR. "TOXIC IMPACT OF SOME INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS AND BIOCIDES IN RELATIVE TO CHLORPYRIFOS TO COTTON LEAFWORM, SPODOPTERA LITTORALIS (BOISD.)." Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 90, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejar.2012.159548.

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GEBALY, SANAA G. "STUDIES ON THE USE OF MINERAL AND BIO NITROGEN FERTILIZER WITH SOME OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF COTTON VATIETY GIZA 80." Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 89, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejar.2011.173979.

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Parveen, Shazia, Rana Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Akram, Faheem Iqbal, Muhammad Tahir, and Muhammad Rafay. "Improvement of growth and productivity of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) through foliar applications of naphthalene acetic acid." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 2 (May 2, 2017): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n2p561.

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Plant growth regulators like naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) positively affect the growth and yield of crop plants. An experiment was conducted to check the foliar application of NAA on growth and yield components of cotton variety Bt.121 under field condition at research area of agriculture farm near Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies (CIDS), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. The experiment was comprised of foliar application of NAA (1%) viz. T0 (control), T1 (One spray of NAA), T2 (Two sprays of NAA), T3 (Three sprays of NAA), T4 (Four sprays of NAA). The first foliar spray was applied at 45 days after sowing (DAS) and later on it was continued with 15 days interval with skilled labour by hand pump sprayer. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design and each treatment was replicated three times. Data recorded on growth, chlorophyll contents, yield and yield components showed a significant increase with the application of NAA. Furthermore, earliness index, mean maturity date and production rate index were also influenced with foliar application of NAA. On the basis of growth and yield parameters it can be concluded that four spray of NAA (1%) can be applied commercially under field conditions.

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Hamed, S. "TOXICITY OF SOME INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS (IGRs) AND THEIR BINARY MIXTURES WITH OILS ON COTTON LEAFWORM LARVAE SPODOPTERA LITTORALIS (BOISD)." Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology 3, no. 5 (May 1, 2012): 453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2012.83788.

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Mansour, M. H., and Nadia Z. Dimetry. "Effect of three plant growth regulators on the immature stages of the cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lep., Noctuidae)." Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 80, no. 1-4 (August 26, 2009): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1976.tb03304.x.

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