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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cotton Industry Innovations

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Academic literature on the topic 'Cotton Industry Innovations'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Cotton Industry Innovations"

1

Raman, Alka. "From Hand to Machine: How Indian Cloth Quality Shaped British Cotton Spinning Technology." Technology and Culture 64, no. 3 (2023): 707–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2023.a903970.

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abstract: A true history of industrial technology and innovation must factor in the history of labor and skill required to make a specific product. Mainstream perspectives on industrialization in Britain's cotton industry view technological change in spinning as motivated by productivity gains, facilitated by the fortuitous availability of high-quality, long-staple cotton. However, material evidence shows British cotton textiles advanced to match Indian cloth quality, suggesting that spinning machinery also evolved apace to achieve product quality. This article demonstrates that alongside the

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Ergasheva, N.X, Xolmirzayev.A.A, and Xojimurodov.S.B. "THE PLACE OF COTTON IN UZBEKISTAN'S INDUSTRY." Role of agriculture and medicine in science Volume 2, Issue 1 (2025): 119–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14872707.

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<strong>THE PLACE OF COTTON IN UZBEKISTAN'S INDUSTRY</strong> <strong>Enter.  As we all know, we have been growing cotton in our country since time immemorial. Cotton cultivation in Uzbekistan plays an important role in the country's agricultural sector. The reason is that cotton is one of the main crops of the country, which accounted for 17% of the export volume in 2006[1]. With annual cotton production of about 1 million tons (4-5% of world cotton production) and export volume of 700-800 thousand tons (10% of world exports), Uzbekistan ranks 8th in cotton production and 11th in cotton

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BAIG, KS, Z. ALI, IA WARRAICH, et al. "SUSTAINABLE COTTON CULTIVATION IN SALINE SOILS: CHALLENGES, INNOVATIONS, AND FUTURE PROSPECTS." Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal 2023, no. 1 (2023): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2023i1.584.

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This review investigates the dynamic landscape of sustainable cotton cultivation in the challenging terrain of saline soils, exploring the intricate interplay of challenges, innovations, and prospects. Cotton, a vital global commodity, encounters significant impediments in regions where saline soils threaten agricultural productivity. The escalating salinity levels pose multifaceted challenges, impacting crop yield and fiber quality and triggering environmental degradation and economic instability in cotton-dependent regions. The examination of challenges encompasses the detrimental effects of

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Gautam, Sanjay Kumar, Disha Mathur, Manish Dadhich, and Chandani Joshi. "Analyzing the Determinants of Yarn Economics in the Cotton Industry: A Comprehensive Case Analysis." International Journal of Management and Development Studies 13, no. 8 (2024): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.53983/ijmds.v13n8.003.

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The cotton industry is a cornerstone of the global economy, influencing agricultural practices, trade, and industrial development. This study explores the key determinants shaping the cotton sector, focusing on procurement, price stabilization, export promotion, research and development, and skill enhancement initiatives. The Cotton Corporation of India (CCI) plays a crucial role in this ecosystem by ensuring fair compensation for farmers through minimum support prices, facilitating consistent cotton supply for the textile industry, and promoting exports to enhance market reach. Furthermore, t

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He, Jiayuan. "Comparative Sustainability Assessment of Organic Versus Conventional Cotton Production." International Journal of Education and Humanities 10, no. 2 (2023): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v10i2.11317.

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The global textile and clothing fabric industry is one of the top polluters annually, underscoring the need for sustainable production innovations (Bonou-zin et al., 2019). Traditional cotton cultivation frequently entails extensive water use and synthetic pesticide and fertilizer applications, leading to water pollution, soil erosion, biodiversity decline, and lasting impacts on ecosystems and human health (Bonou-zin et al., 2019). Despite growing consumer awareness of textile sustainability and advancements promoting organic cotton, its adoption remains notably lower than conventional cotton

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Tagiyeva, L. "CONDITIONS AND FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE COTTON-GROWING COMPLEX IN AZERBAIJAN." POLISH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, no. 51 (June 16, 2022): 20–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6651070.

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The conditions and elements that influence the growth of the cotton-growing complex in Azerbaijan are examined in this article. Based on the findings, the author supports the need to expand cotton fiber and finished product exports, i.e., to produce higher-value products, to reduce reliance on imported textiles, to consider all risks associated with the industry, and to actively develop and implement innovative technologies in cotton processing businesses.

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Bhattacharya, Dr Sumanta. "Study on Exhaustion Behaviour of Red Chili on Cotton Fabric." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (2021): 1022–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38964.

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Abstract: Dying is a popular practice in textile industry which is prevalent at all parts of the world from the period of ancient civilization. Initially, natural dyes i.e. dye derived from natural resources like vegetables, flowers, minerals, plants etc. were used. Now-a-days, due to technological and scientific innovations synthetic dyes are processed at large scale in the laboratories as it is still one of the most profitable industry globally. However, the rapid utilization of chemicals in textile industry for production of synthetic dyes causes degradation of environment like soil polluti

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Nurasheva, К. К., А. А. Demesinova, and S. К. Serikbayev. "Production chain in cotton production in the Republic of Kazakhstan: problem solving in an integrated system." Problems of AgriMarket, no. 4 (December 30, 2024): 176–86. https://doi.org/10.46666/2024-4.2708-9991.16.

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Cotton complex occupies a significant place in the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The main production - cotton fiber is a competitive technical product in the world market. Income from its sale is an important article of currency receipts to the budget of the country. The publication is devoted to the problem of creating an integrated production chain in the cotton industry of Kazakhstan. In the republic for a long period of time cotton as a raw material was realized for export, and for domestic needs in the textile industry imported cheap varieties from Uzbekistan, Turkey, China, coun

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Patil, Sangeeta. "Evolving Biotechnology in Textile Processing." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 05 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem49179.

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Abstract: Biotechnology has become a transformative force in the textile industry, fostering sustainability, innovation, and enhanced functionality throughout the value chain. This review examines the critical role of biotechnology in revolutionizing fiber production, textile processing, dyeing, wastewater treatment, and advanced applications by leveraging biological systems, organisms, and their derivatives. Key advancements include the development of genetically modified fibers like Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton and bioengineered colored cotton, enzymatic processes that replace harmful

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Parera, Àngels Solà, Llorenç Ferrer-Alós, Lluís Virós Pujolà, and Yoshiko Yamamichi. "Silk textiles, crisis and adaptative strategies in Catalonia, 1770–1850s (Barcelona and Manresa)." Continuity and Change 35, no. 1 (2020): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416020000090.

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AbstractThis article compares the impact of the economic crisis of 1787–1832, including the war and the loss of colonial markets, on the silk industry in Barcelona and Manresa, the two main centres of silk production in eighteenth-century Catalonia. In particular, it explores how families adopted different strategies in adapting to the crisis. Some moved into different sectors, including the emerging cotton industry, sometimes accompanied by geographical mobility. Others innovated by manufacturing specialised products, such as ribbons and handkerchiefs, often taking advantage of technological

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cotton Industry Innovations"

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Gum, Russell L., and William E. Martin. "Economic Impacts of Biotechnical Innovations in the U.S. and Arizona Dairy and Cotton Industries." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/310801.

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Hanlon, William Walker. "Innovation and Industry Development: Lessons from the British Cotton Textile Industry During the U.S. Civil War." Thesis, 2012. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8CJ8MJM.

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This dissertation uses the large shock to the British cotton textile industry in the 19th century, caused by the U.S. Civil War (1861-1865), in order to address three long-running questions about technological progress and industry development. The cotton textile industry was a large and important sector in the British economy during the 19th century. The industry was entirely dependent on imported raw cotton, most of which came from the U.S. South prior to the Civil War. The onset of the war sharply reduced the supply of Southern cotton to the British market, causing a severe downturn in the

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Books on the topic "Cotton Industry Innovations"

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Islam, Mohammed Reazul. Technology and employment in the cotton industry of Bangladesh. International Development Research Centre, 1992.

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Gum, Russell. Economic impacts of biotechnical innovations in the U.S. and Arizona dairy and cotton industries. College of Agriculture, University of Arizona, 1990.

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3

Shiryōkan, Hiroshima-shi Kyōdo. Hiroshima ni okeru watazukuri to sono gijutsu. Hiroshima-shi Kyōiku Iinkai, 1991.

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Otsuka, Keijiro. Comparative technology choice in development: The Indian and Japanese cotton textile industries. St. Martin's Press, 1988.

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Gustav, Ranis, and Saxonhouse Gary R, eds. Comparative technology choice in development: The Indian and Japanese cotton textile industries. Macmillan, 1988.

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6

Quirk, Bea. Barnhardt Manufacturing: 100 years of innovation. Barnhardt Manufacturing Co., 2000.

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Hanlon, William Walker. Innovation and Industry Development: Lessons from the British Cotton Textile Industry During the U.S. Civil War. [publisher not identified], 2012.

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8

Nigro, Giampiero, ed. La moda come motore economico: innovazione di processo e prodotto, nuove strategie commerciali, comportamento dei consumatori / Fashion as an economic engine: process and product innovation, commercial strategies, consumer behavior. Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-565-3.

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The study of the textile sector has always been central to economic history: from reconstructions of the dynamic growth in the medieval wool industry, to the rise of silk and light and mixed fabrics in the modern era, to the driving role of cotton in the industrialisation process. Although the dynamics of textile manufacturing are closely linked to the transformations of fashion, economic history has long neglected its role as a factor in economic change, treating it primarily as a kind of exogenous catalyst. This book makes a decisive contribution to the understanding of a fundamental transfo

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Breaking the Land: The Transformation of Cotton, Tobacco, and Rice Cultures since 1880. University of Illinois Press, 1986.

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Daniel, Pete. Breaking the Land: The Transformation of Cotton, Tobacco, and Rice Cultures since 1880. University of Illinois Press, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cotton Industry Innovations"

1

Amarghade, Rupesh K., Minhaj Ahemad Rehman, and Dinesh Seth. "Analysis and design modification of cotton lint opener." In Technological Innovations & Applications in Industry 4.0. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003567653-10.

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Yonekura, Seiichiro. "Transformational Entrepreneurship at NEC." In Entrepreneurship and Organization. Oxford University PressOxford, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198295976.003.0011.

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Abstract Based on debates and historical studies, a broad consensus has emerged that entrepreneurs kick off innovations while professional managers institutionalize them. Of course, there are exceptions: entrepreneurial new business founders or gifted technologists can build organizations and institutionalize innovation. In most cases, however, entrepreneurs usually do not pay attention to the institutionalization of innovation. Similarly, professional managers tend not to promote innovations, since they create irregularity or discontinuous change in organizations. Because of this confrontation, there arises the dilemma whereby good managers may be unable to foster, or, indeed, may even impede, innovation. Lazonick (1983) pointed out this dilemma in the British cotton industry, while Christensen (1997) referred to the conflict between good innovators and good managers in the hard-disk industry. We can find similar cases among major firms.1 This dilemma makes it difficult for established firms to change or innovate, because they became large by institutionalizing innovation.

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Madhu, Amit. "Naturally Colored Cotton: A Sustainable Innovation." In Agricultural Sciences. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.113290.

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Historically, the global textile industry has been characterized by resource-intensive processes, environmental degradation and a high dependence on synthetic dyes that contribute to pollution. In recent years, the quest for sustainability has led to the exploration of alternative methods and materials that minimize the industry’s ecological footprint. Naturally colored cotton fibers, ranging from earthy browns and greens to subdued yellows and reds, are produced by cotton plants that have either been genetically altered or carefully bred. This unique characteristic eliminates the need for chemical dyeing processes, conserving water, energy and chemical usage throughout the textile production cycle. This chapter explores the creative strategy of naturally colored cotton, a potential solution that satisfies both the rising demand for sustainable textiles and environmental concerns. Additionally, discusses possible challenges and issues, such as the agronomic procedures needed to grow cotton with natural colors, the necessity of responsible biotechnology regulation and the integration of these novel fibers into current textile supply chains. It also provides insights into the crucial role that bioengineered fibers can play in defining a more environmentally harmonious and socially responsible future by providing a thorough overview of the advantages, difficulties and prospects of naturally colored cotton.

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Wilson, John F., Steven Toms, and Nicholas D. Wong. "Introduction." In The Cotton and Textile Industry: Innovation and Maturity. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429399749-1.

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Toms, Steven. "Growth, Profits and Technological Choice." In The Cotton and Textile Industry: Innovation and Maturity. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429399749-2.

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Holden, Roger. "Ring and Mule Spinning in the Nineteenth Century." In The Cotton and Textile Industry: Innovation and Maturity. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429399749-3.

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Procter, Stephen, and Steven Toms. "Industrial Relations and Technical Change." In The Cotton and Textile Industry: Innovation and Maturity. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429399749-4.

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Lazonick, William. "Innovative Enterprise, Industrial Leadership, and Sustainable Prosperity." In The Oxford Handbook of Industry Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190933463.013.2.

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Abstract This chapter provides a retrospective account of nearly five decades of historical and comparative research aimed at developing an economic theory that explains the shifts across nations in industrial leadership and addresses the policy challenges of developing and sustaining a successful and equitable economy. The initial research focused on the dynamics of the British cotton-textile industry, the global 19th-century leader that lost international competitiveness in the 20th century. The focus expanded to the social conditions that supported innovation across industries in Britain, the United States, and Japan in global competition in the 20th century, providing empirical foundations for the Social Conditions of Innovative Enterprise (SCIE) framework. In turn, this framework has permitted systematic research into the transition of many United States corporations from innovation to financialization, with implications for extreme economic inequality in the United States and the loss of US industrial leadership to China.

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Randhawa, Rajveer Kaur. "Upcycling and Recycling in Sustainable Fashion." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services. IGI Global, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-9959-0.ch021.

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The fashion industry faces criticism for its environmental impact, driven by a linear “produce, consume, dispose” model. Fast fashion exacerbates this by encouraging overconsumption, generating 12.8 million tonnes of textile waste annually, and depleting resources like water—2,700 litres for one cotton t-shirt. Solutions like upcycling and recycling offer hope. Upcycling repurposes waste into higher-value products, promoting creativity and reducing landfill use. Recycling breaks down textiles into reusable fibres, supported by chemical recycling and blended-fibre processing advancements. Companies like Patagonia exemplify sustainable innovation by integrating recycled materials into durable, stylish clothing. Technology also aids sustainability with tools like AI for waste reduction, blockchain for supply chain transparency, and waterless dyeing methods. However, challenges like inadequate textile waste collection systems remain. Transitioning to a circular economy requires collaboration across the industry.

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Yan, Taohai, Yu Lin, Yajing Shi, Luming Huang, and Zhaoguo Wang. "Exploring Innovation and Development of Yarn Spinning Through Industry-Education Integration: A Practical Teaching Approach." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia231420.

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To cultivate outstanding engineering talent capable of both adapting to and spearheading regional economic and social progress, as well as to facilitate the transformation and advancement of local economies and to promote collaboration between universities and regional economies, practical teaching bases should be established. Through the strategic alignment and interactive development of practical teaching bases, it may be possible to deepen the integration between industry and education, as well as the interactions between universities and enterprises. Thus, successful teaching bases leverage the academic strengths of universities and the resources offered by businesses. The approach to industry-education integration revolves around refining the model of collaborative education between universities and enterprises, with a specific focus on refining the talent development process. A case of innovative yarn development design within a spinning study practice teaching base is analyzed in this study to investigate the approach. Within this base, student teams have developed ultra-comfortable yarn, stainless steel fiber/lyocell flame-retardant blended yarn, and stainless steel filament/cotton ply-twisted composite yarn. The case study exemplifies the potential for effective cooperation between universities and enterprises in nurturing talent, leveraging dual-teacher training, providing societal contributions, facilitating employment opportunities, and fostering entrepreneurial initiatives. This collaborative model shows significant potential for comprehensively enhancing the quality of talent cultivation, thereby propelling regional economic and social development.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cotton Industry Innovations"

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Jyothi, Talapaneni, A. Soujanya, and Thatikonda Radhika. "Classification of Cotton Leaf Images Using DenseNet." In 2024 OPJU International Technology Conference (OTCON) on Smart Computing for Innovation and Advancement in Industry 4.0. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/otcon60325.2024.10688311.

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Gupta, Gunjan, Nancy, Paridhi Jain, Shweta Singhal, and A. K. Mohapatra. "Image Processing Techniques for Cotton Crop Disease Detection and Their Comparative Analysis." In 2024 OPJU International Technology Conference (OTCON) on Smart Computing for Innovation and Advancement in Industry 4.0. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/otcon60325.2024.10687496.

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Mackrell, Dale. ""We Work as a Team Really": Gender Homophily in the Australian Cotton Industry." In InSITE 2005: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2849.

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This paper is based on an ongoing study that looks at farm management practices by Australian women cotton growers using farm management software, most particularly an agricultural decision support system, CottonLOGIC. The study is informed through a theoretical framework of structuration theory as a metatheory for probing the recursiveness of farm management and technology usage, and diffusion of innovations theory as a lower-level theory for analysing software adoption characteristics. Empirical research indicates that effective information exchange flows from homophilous communication. In t

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Çelik, Irem, Günaydın Karakan, and Hüseyin Türksoy. "Evaluation of some physical properties of new developed "SaXcell" blended woven fabrics." In 7th International Scientific Conference Contemporary Trends and Innovations in Textile Industry – CT&ITI 2024. Union of Engineers and Technicians of Serbia, Belgrade, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ct_iti24004c.

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As consumer demands increase, environmental concerns also inevitably arise. Within the textile production chain, each processing step has its own environmentally harmful impact on nature. Every fiber, yarn bobbin, meter of fabric, chemical used, consumer lifecycle of each textile item, and recycling or waste stage of every T-shirt leaves its own footprint. Conventional natural fiber types such as cotton, wool, silk, and linen have their own environmental footprint related to their cultivation, processing steps, and consumer use. Similarly, traditional synthetic-based man-made fiber types have

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Vukčević, Marija, Marina Maletić, Biljana Pejić, Ana Kalijadis, and Aleksandra Perić-Grujić. "Modified fibrous textile waste as adsorbents for removal of pharmaceuticals from water." In 7th International Scientific Conference Contemporary Trends and Innovations in Textile Industry – CT&ITI 2024. Union of Engineers and Technicians of Serbia, Belgrade, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ct_iti24008v.

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Textile industry is a significant environmental polluter, generating vast amounts of waste during production, processing, dyeing, and distribution. Disposing of chemical and solid textile waste poses serious risks to soil, water, and air quality. In order to mitigate this inconvenience, solid textile waste can be reused through redesign or recycling methods. One such method involves repurposing textile waste as adsorbent or as a raw material for carbon adsorbent preparation. In this study, fibrous textile waste, waste cotton yarns and flax fibers were utilized as cost-effective resources for c

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Žarković, Darja, Marija Vučićević, and Milica Vlahović. "Environmental issue of sustainable textile industry: Examples of good manufacturing practices." In 7th International Scientific Conference Contemporary Trends and Innovations in Textile Industry – CT&ITI 2024. Union of Engineers and Technicians of Serbia, Belgrade, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ct_iti24060z.

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Growing impact on the environment and the rising demand for water, energy and raw materials that has resulted from the worldwide expansion of industry, put the principles of sustainability and cleaner production in a front line, as emergent activity. The textile industry consumes a high amount of energy and generates an enormous quantity of wastewater-worldwide, it generates 20 % of industrial wastewater and 8 % of greenhouse gas (GHG), while cotton production uses large amounts of pesticides, water and fertilizers. Many aspects of sustainable textile industry are not related only to productio

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Toshikj, Emilija, and Zvezda Bogevska. "Eco-friendly nonwoven covers for agricultural use produced from post-consumer waste." In 7th International Scientific Conference Contemporary Trends and Innovations in Textile Industry – CT&ITI 2024. Union of Engineers and Technicians of Serbia, Belgrade, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ct_iti24020t.

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The global rise in population and growing demand for high-quality crops are the main challenges for agrotextiles improvement. The world needs more sustainable and eco-friendly nonwoven crop covers to replace the use of synthetic nonwoven crop covers to prevent pollution. The article considers the problem of processing textile waste from the post-consumer sector (PCW). The main directions of their use in producing nonwoven fabrics are briefly described. The use of post-consumer textile waste (PCW) based on used cotton T-shirts in the manufacture of nonwovens by wet laying process using the circ

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Bahtiyari, Muhammed, Ömer Aydinlioğlu, Fazlıhan Yilmaz, Hüseyin Benli, and Asım Davulcu. "A journey from waste to dyeing of wool." In 7th International Scientific Conference Contemporary Trends and Innovations in Textile Industry – CT&ITI 2024. Union of Engineers and Technicians of Serbia, Belgrade, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ct_iti24017b.

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Waste management has become a critical issue for sustainable development in manufacturing industries and therefore in textile processing. In the light of this argument an approach for the valorization of a waste come out in yarn spinning processes is presented in this paper. The waste valorized in this context is the dust absorbed from the spinning mill by air conditioners during yarn production. The "air conditioning dust (ACD)" belongs to a cotton yarn spinning line was subjected to a dye extraction process by soxhlet and the solution obtained from the extraction period was used in the color

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Reinhardt, Ulrike, Lilia Sabantina, Malin Schiller, Soraya Flohr, Anne-Marie Miene, and Patrizia Zimmermann. "Comparison of the real and virtual falling behaviour of textile fabrics." In 7th International Scientific Conference Contemporary Trends and Innovations in Textile Industry – CT&ITI 2024. Union of Engineers and Technicians of Serbia, Belgrade, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ct_iti24021r.

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The mechanical deformation behaviour of textiles can be divided into textile drape and drapability. Both determine the overall appearance, aesthetics and fit of garments. In garment simulation, this behaviour must be simulated as realistically as possible in order to enable a meaningful evaluation of design and construction. It is important to understand the relationships between physical textile properties and textile fall. In this study, the real and simulated textile drop are examined and compared. The drop coefficient serves as a numerical measure. The real textile drape according to Cusic

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Görse, Esra, Mustafa Mancar, Nevin Ayvaz, and Güngör Durur. "Ecological Approaches in Yarn Dyeing." In 22th AUTEX World Textile Conference. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-vwxk2w.

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In today's globalized world, rapid depletion of natural resources, increased air and water pollution, deforestation and climate change are major environmental problems for industrial activities. Many industrial activities contribute to environmental pollution by causing these problems. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop environmentally friendly production methods, reduce resource consumption and minimize environmental impacts. The yarn dyeing industry is a sector where natural resources are used intensively and environmental pollution problems are seen. Innovations in this sector

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