Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cotton Pad

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Cotton Pad'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 June 2025
Last updated: 26 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Cotton Pad"

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Morakotjinda, Pornpen, and Walaikorn Nitayaphat. "Dyeing Properties and Color Fastness of Cotton Fabrics Dyed with Uncaria Gambir Extract by the Padding Techniques." Key Engineering Materials 675-676 (January 2016): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.675-676.505.

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The pad dyeing offers the most economical and convenient method of dyeing cotton fabric. The energy and water consumptions are at the lowest, thus rendering it more eco friendly. The dyeing of cotton fabric was carried out with dye extraction from the uncaria gambir by using two padding techniques, namely the pad-batch and pad-cure techniques under different conditions. The effect of dyeing method and mordant on color strength and colorimetric parameters (L*, a*, b*, and ΔE) were evaluated. The color fastness to wash, light and perspiration after dyeing the cotton fabric treated with the mordant was determined according to AATCC test method. The study showed that the color strength (K/S) of the dyed cotton fabric using pad-cure method higher than those dyed cotton fabric using pad-batch method. Meta-mordanting showed increase dye uptake and color fastness of cotton fabrics.
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Tiku, Sufiyan Derbew. "Design and development of feminine reusable pad without pad holder." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 32, no. 2 (2019): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-09-2018-0116.

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Purpose Naturally women have menstruation cycle in permanent time that is once in a month, destroying eggs and leaving the body in the form of bad blood. Girls begin their periods between the ages of 10–18. The average age is 13. Through the ages women have used different forms of menstrual protection. Women often used strips of folded old cloth (rags) to catch their menstrual blood. This old cloth is not recommended for health; in these cases, infection in the body is not friendly with the environment. By considering the above issues for women, the purpose of this paper is to design and develop a feminine reusable pad without a pad holder for economically challenged people around Ethiopian rural area where they live, well supported by the baseline survey and also with different technical tests of fabric and product in order to take care of women’s health-related issues. So a reusable pad is needed to hold off the blood, and it is necessary to change the reusable pad, at least three times a day in order to maintain proper hygiene. A proper reusable pad is made of cotton to absorb the blood, and sticker to stick the pad to the panties. Design/methodology/approach The reusable pad is developed with three different types of fabrics, forming three different layers of the product, such as 100 percent white knitted cotton, which is used as a top layer attached to the skin, which acts as an absorbing fluid and creates comfort to the wearer, polywadding (non-woven) fabric is used at the middle layer, which is mainly used for absorbent purposes, easily washable, and retains cotton fabric shapes from deformation, and water-repellent fabric is used as the lower layer, which acts as a resistant for the blood to prevent from seepage. Findings This new product is developed free from different harmful chemicals and easily available in the market, and it also has good air permeability, good water absorption, comfort, cost affordable, has the best tensile strength, high capacity to hold liquid, best water repellent, and many more features. With the help of this new product, which is aimed at the middle-/lower-middle class people, it gives a lot of benefits with respect to the cost and also takes care of women’s health with all the unique features. Originality/value This is the author’s original research work, which is focused on people who lived in a rural area and were economically challenged. The reusable pad is made up of three different fabrics, such as cotton, polywadding and water repellent. Each of the materials and designs to be used is of the author’s; if it is necessary you can cross-check with other works.
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Teng, Xiao Xu, Jian Wei Shi, and Shu Fen Zhang. "Research in the Cold Pad-Batch Dyeing Process for the Cationic Cotton." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 2145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.2145.

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Cotton fabrics pretreated with cationic polyacrylamide with quaternary ammonium group were dyed with three reactive dyes in the absence of salt by cold pad-batch dyeing method. The influences of various conditions in the dyeing process, including urea dosage, selection of alkali agent and its dosage, batching time and batching temperature on colour yield, were analyzed. Fastness properties of the dyed cotton and the dye penetration were investigated between the pretreated and untreated cotton. The results showed that the dyesK/Svalues of the pretreated cotton were improved compared with those of the untreated one, in addition, the penetration and fastness properties of the dyed cationic cotton were satisfied for application.
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Yu, Chengbing, Ziwei Xi, Yilin Lu, Kaixin Tao, and Zhong Yi. "K/S value prediction of cotton fabric using PSO-LSSVM." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 23-24 (2020): 2581–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517520924750.

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Cotton is one of the world’s most common natural clothing materials. It is dyed mainly using the exhaustion, cold pad-batch, and pad-dry-pad-steam dyeing methods. The K/S value, an important index for measuring the depth of color, of cotton fabric dyed with reactive dyes is greatly influenced by various factors of the dyeing process. In this study, three models were developed incorporating least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) to predict the K/S values of dyed cotton fabrics, while particle swarm optimization (PSO) was applied to optimize and tune the parameters of the LSSVM model (PSO-LSSVM). Model inputs include dye concentration and process conditions, which are both easily obtainable variables. The K/S values from the PSO-LSSVM model are consistent with actual measured K/S values of dyed cotton fabrics. Moreover, a comparison among PSO-LSSVM, LSSVM and back propagation neural network results shows the superiority of the PSO-LSSVM approach. Results of this work indicate that a PSO-LSSVM model is a powerful tool for predicting the K/S value in cotton fabric dyed with reactive dye and thus a means to improve production processes and reduce costs.
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Zhou, Chang-E., Chi-wai Kan, Chun-wah Marcus Yuen, Jukka Pekka Matinlinna, James Kit-hon Tsoi, and Qing Zhang. "Plasma treatment applied in the pad-dry-cure process for making rechargeable antimicrobial cotton fabric that inhibits S. Aureus." Textile Research Journal 86, no. 20 (2016): 2202–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517515622147.

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In this paper, variables in an environmentally friendly rechargeable antimicrobial finishing process were studied. Cotton fabric was treated with nitrogen plasma after padding with 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH) when fabric was treated through the pad-dry-cure method, that is, pad-plasma-dry-cure. After that, fabric was chlorinated with sodium hypochlorite to impart antimicrobial property and function. An orthogonal array testing strategy was used in the finishing process for finding the optimum treatment condition. Ultraviolet spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed to evaluate the properties of treated cotton fabric, including concentration of chlorine on cotton fabric, morphological properties of the surface of cotton fabric and function groups on the cotton fabric. The results showed that cotton fabric finished with DMH with the help of plasma treatment followed by chlorination inhibits microorganisms effectively, the antimicrobial property against Staphylococcus (S.) aureus was rechargeable and durability of antimicrobial property was improved by plasma treatment.
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Hernhow, Panuwat, Potjanart Suwanruji, Thitinun Karpkird та Jantip Suesat. "Dyeing and Fastness Properties of Natural Dyes on Cotton Grafted with Monochlorotriazine-β-Cyclodextrin". Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (грудень 2012): 590–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.590.

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The main goal of this work was to study the possibility of improving the natural dye uptake and their fastness properties on cotton fabrics by the application of monochlorotriazine-β- cyclodextrin (MCT-β-CD). Hence, MCT-β-CD was synthesized, characterized, and grafted on cotton fabrics via pad and cure method. The existence of MCT-β-CD on cotton fabrics was confirmed by nitrogen content (%N). Natural dyes used were colorants extracted from turmeric and cassumunar powders, and a commercial natural dye i.e. Natural Red Brown. The commercial one was water soluble whereas the extracted dyes were sparingly soluble in water. These natural dyes were applied on cotton by pad-dry method. The extracted dyes on MCT-β-CD treated cotton fabrics gave higher visual color yield (K/S) than the untreated ones. In contrast, a commercial natural dye exhibited lower color yield on the treated fabrics because of its water soluble nature. The color fastnesses of the natural dyes on the treated cotton fabrics were improved from the untreated cotton samples.
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Maheen, Ifrah, Muhammad Fahad Arain, Pardeep Kumar Gianchandani, Naveed Mengal, and Samander Ali Malik. "One-bath dyeing and antibacterial finishing of cotton fabric using reactive dye and silver chloride: a sustainable approach." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 43, no. 4 (2024): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.3239.

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One-bath dyeing and antibacterial finishing of cotton fabric using reactive dye as colorant and silver chloride (AgCl) as an antibacterial agent was conducted to streamline the process and enhance its economic efficiency. The effectiveness of the antibacterial agent in reactive dyeing of cotton fabric, was evaluated through exhaust method with 0.5% AgCl and continuous (pad dry cure) method with 5 g/l of AgCl, utilizing various dye concentrations (1%, 3%, 5% for exhaust; 1g/l, 3g/l, 5g/l for pad dry cure) according to a standard reactive dye recipe. Characterization of the one-bath dyed, and antibacterial finished cotton fabric was performed using K/S values to determine the optimal dye shade concentration and antibacterial activity was evaluated using agar diffusion method. It was observed that the exhaust method revealed an optimum dye concentration at (AgCl 0.5% and dye 5%), while pad dry cure method showedoptimal dye concentration at (AgCl 5g/l and dye 5g/l). Antibacterial tests were conducted on the optimal specimens from both methods (AgCl 0.5%, 0.2%, dye 0.5% for exhaust; dye 5g/l, AgCl 5g/l, 2g/l for pad dry cure), showcasing resistance against bacterial growth. While inhibition zones were observed on treated specimens of the exhaust method, whereas the treated specimens of the pad dry cure method exhibited complete resistance to bacterial growth around the specimen.
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Haji, Aminoddin, Reza Malek, and Firoozmehr Mazaheri. "Comparative study of exhaustion and pad-steam methods for improvement of handle, dye uptake and water absorption of polyester/cotton fabric." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 17, no. 3 (2011): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq101205022h.

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In this study, a pad-steam process for treatment of polyester/cotton fabric with sodium hydroxide is developed and the effects of process parameters on selected properties of the fabric are investigated. The results are compared with the conventional exhaustion process. Both processes improved the handle, dyeability and water absorption of the polyester/cotton fabric but the pad-steam process has the advantage of less strength loss of the fibers, less treatment time, less consumption of water and chemicals that make the process to be less hazardous to the environment.
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Sultana, Evana, Md Zewel Rana, Muhammad Shamim Al Mamun, et al. "Disodium EDTA-capped AuNP-engineered cotton pad as a colorimetric probe for formalin detection." RSC Advances 15, no. 13 (2025): 10442–52. https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ra00067j.

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Saputro, Agung Nugaraha Catur, Baki Mulyani, Nanik Dwi Nurhayati, and Yunita Kurniawan. "Uji Kinerja Fotodegradasi Kain Terlapisi Komposit Nanosized Chitosan/TiO2 Terhadap Zat Warna Rhodamine B." Jurnal Kimia VALENSI 2, no. 1 (2016): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v2i1.3111.

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The coating of nanosized Chitosan/TiO2 composit on cotton fabrics substrate and its performance for dye of Rhodamine B was studied. Nanosized Chitosan/TiO2 composit coated on cotton fabrics was done by dip-coating method through pad-dry-cure technic. Cotton fabric thats was coated by nanosized Chitosan/TiO2 composit was characterized by SEM, XRD, and FTIR. Photodegradation Performance test of cotton fabric coated Nanosized Chitosan/TiO2 composit for dye of Rhodamine B was done under UV ray and sun ray. It was concluded that was cotton fabric coated nanosized Chitosan/TiO2 can decompose dye of Rhodamine B with UV ray more effective than sun ray. Keywords : Dip-coating, photodegradation, nanosized chitosan/TiO2, cotton fabric, rhodamine B DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v2i1.3083
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cotton Pad"

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Kittinaovarut, Siriwan. "Polymerization-Crosslinking Fabric Finishing, With Pad-Dry-Cure, Using Nonformaldehyde Btca/Ia/Aa Combinations to Impart Durable Press Properties in Cotton Fabric." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30763.

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This study examined the mechanical and durable press properties of cotton 3/1 twill-woven fabrics finished with various concentrations of reactants in the BTCA/IA/AA combinations. The regression analysis was used to determine the relationship among each finishing variable, BTCA, IA, and AA concentrations, mole ratio of acid monomers to the sodium hypophosphite monohydrate catalyst, and curing times at 180°C, and the finished fabric's property variable, breaking strength, tear strength, wrinkle recovery angle whiteness index, and durable press rating. Based on the results of the reduced regression equations and range dispersion of mean values of finished fabric properties. The results of the study indicated the some BTCA/IA/AA combinations applied to cotton fabric provided good results in wrinkle recovery angle, breaking strength, and tear strength, comparable to those of the fabric finished with either BTCA only or DMDHEU reactant. The combinations of BTCA/IA/AA reactants did not provide as good whiteness index and durable press rating as the BTCA or DMDHEU reactant.<br>Ph. D.
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Rudgers, Jennifer Anne. "Evolutionary ecology of ant-wild cotton associations /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Preuss, Mary Lai. "The roles of kinesin-related proteins in cotton fiber development /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Roberts, Bruce Alan. "The role of soil organic matter in a cotton based cropping system /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Kamalha, Edwin. "Resources protection : towards replacement of cotton fiber with polyester." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I024/document.

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La demande annuelle de coton augmente en raison de la croissance démographique mondiale et de l’évolution des comportements d’achat des consommateurs. D'autres options de fibres naturelles telles que la laine, le lin et la soie, entre autres, sont produites dans des proportions très maigres. Le polyester (poly (téréphtalate d’éthylène) (PET) présente des qualités qui pourraient répondre à cette préoccupation pour les vêtements. Malheureusement, les consommateurs hésitent à porter des vêtements 100% polyester, principalement en raison d’un confort sensoriel inférieur, du toucher et parfois de leur apparence. Cette étude visait à améliorer le tissu en PET caractéristiques afin de réduire l'écart entre la perception humaine et la performance hydrophile du coton par rapport au PET Pour déterminer la disparité existant entre le coton et les tissus tissés en PET, une étude multisensorielle a été réalisée à l'aide d'un panel de 12 juges formés sur 11 descripteurs sensoriels. Des algorithmes de Monte Carlo, des algorithmes génétiques et la technique de Borda Count (BK) ont été utilisés pour la fusion de rangs .L'analyse en composantes principales (PCA) et la classification hiérarchique par agglomération (AHC) ont été utilisées pour créer des profils sensoriels. Tissus en PET et en coton (p = 0,05). Il a été déduit que l’aspect visuel et esthétique peut être utilisé pour distinguer le PET du tissus de coton. Pour remplacer le coton par du PET via cette approche sensorielle, la modification de la rigidité des tissus en polyester a été judicieusement réalisée à l'aide de NaOH et d'un adoucissant en silicium, avec une pré-oxydation au plasma atmosphérique. Les tissus en PET traités avec NaOH et l’adoucissant en silicone ont été perçus comme étant doux, lisses, moins nets et moins raides par rapport à certains tissus en coton et en PET non traité. Le profilage des tissus indique que les tissus en PET conventionnels peuvent être distingués des tissus en coton conventionnels en utilisant une évaluation à la fois subjective et objective. Il est également avancé que la perception sensorielle humaine sur textile ne peut être directement représentée par des mesures instrumentales. La dernière partie de l’étude compare le potentiel hydrophile et l’efficacité de deux monomères vinyliques: le poly- (éthylène glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) et le chlorure de [2- (méthacryloyloxy) éthyl] triméthylammonium (METAC) radicalement photo-greffé sur la surface de Tissu en PET. Une étude de surface utilisant la spectroscopie photoélectronique à rayons X (XPS) et la spectroscopie à dispersion d'énergie (EDS) a confirmé le greffage. Les tests d'humidité indiquent que PEGDA et METAC induisent un mouillage complet du PET à des concentrations de 0,1 à 5% (V: V). Les mesures colorimétriques (K/S et CIELAB/CH) et la stabilité de la couleur sur les tissus teints en PET suggèrent que les deux monomères améliorent considérablement l'efficacité de la teinture du PET. Il est suggéré que PEGDA et METAC génèrent des groupes hydrophiles sur le PET; les macroradicaux sont sous la forme de structures vinyliques qui forment des greffes à chaîne courte et démontrent une fonction hydrophile. Les résultats de cette recherche peuvent jouer un rôle directeur pratique dans la conception des tissus, la conception des propriétés sensorielles et contribuer au développement de tissus en polyester de type coton<br>There is increasing annual demand for cotton due to world population growth and changes in consumers’ purchasing behavior. Other natural fiber options such as wool, linen and silk among others, are produced in very meager proportions. Polyester (poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has qualities that could address this concern for apparel. Unfortunately, consumers are reluctant to wear 100% polyester clothing mainly due to inferior sensory comfort, touch and sometimes appearance. This study sought to improve PET fabric characteristics in order to decrease the gap between human perception and hydrophilic performance of cotton vs. PET. To determine the disparity between cotton and PET woven fabrics, a multisensory study was undertaken using a panel of 12 trained judges against 11 sensory descriptors. Cross-entropy Monte Carlo algorithms, Genetic algorithms, and the Borda Count (BK) technique were used for rank fusion. Principle component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) were used to create sensory profiles. The descriptor crisp accounted for the highest variability between PET and cotton fabrics (p˂0.05). It was deduced that visual and aesthetics can be used to distinguish between PET and cotton fabrics. To replace cotton with PET via this sensory approach, the modification of stiffness of polyester fabrics was judiciously carried out using NaOH and a silicon softener, with atmospheric air plasma pre-oxidation. PET fabrics treated with NaOH and the silicon softener were perceived soft, smooth, less crisp, and less stiff compared to some cotton and untreated PET fabrics. The profiling of fabrics indicates that conventional PET fabrics can be distinguished from conventional cotton fabrics using both subjective and objective evaluation. It is also argued that textile human sensory perception cannot be directly represented by instrumental measurements. The final part of the study compares the hydrophilic potential and efficacy of two vinyl monomers: Poly-(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl]-trimethylammonium chloride (METAC) radically photo-grafted on the surface of PET fabric. Surface study using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the grafting. Moisture tests indicate that PEGDA and METAC induce complete wetting of PET at concentrations 0.1-5% (V:V). Colorimetric measurements (K/S and CIELAB/CH) and colorfastness on dyed PET fabrics suggest that both monomers greatly improve the dyeing efficiency of PET. It is suggested that PEGDA and METAC generate hydrophilic groups on PET; the macroradicals are in a form of vinyl structures which form short chain grafts and demonstrate hydrophilic function. The results of this research can play a practical guiding role in the design of fabrics, sensory property design and contribute to the development of cotton-like polyester fabrics
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Kamenopoulou, Vassiliki. "Proprietes dosimetriques des fibres textiles : application a la dosimetrie par resonance paramagnetique electronique d'un accident d'irradiation gamma." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30172.

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Tate, Jonathan Graham. "Industry, technology and the political economy of empire : Lancashire industrialists and the cotton supply question, c.1850-1910." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=228009.

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The role of nineteenth-century industrialists in British imperial expansion and governance has been debated for many years. Major recent interpretations, such as Peter Cain and Tony Hopkins's 'gentlemanly capitalism' and Gary Magee and Andrew Thompson's 'cultural economy', have conceived industrialists' involvement mostly in terms of promoting manufactured exports. Industrialists' reliance on imported raw materials has however been comparatively neglected. Using the case of study of raw cotton, nineteenth-century Britain's most valuable industrial commodity import, this thesis revises how we understand the contribution Lancashire industrialists made to the formation of imperial policy. Analysing examples from the formal and informal empire in India, Egypt, and sub-Saharan Africa, it shows that interactions between technology, business lobbying, and ideas of political economy fostered cotton-growing schemes. Fluctuations in the quantity and, significantly, the quality of cotton supplies fostered interest in reforming or creating new supply chains, promoting the formation of business associations, pre-eminently the Cotton Supply Association and the British Cotton Growing Association. These associations lobbied governments to make supply chains more suited to Lancashire technological systems, and led to the promotion of standardised cotton types through the export of European knowledge and skills, the erection of processing machinery and transportation systems, and the regulation of colonial labour. The main argument is that if the focus is shifted to supplies rather than markets, industrialists, directly and indirectly, were often important influences on imperial governance and overseas economic change. While fiscal and financial considerations often provided the framework for government-backed cotton-growing schemes, because cotton was a complex commodity officials had to implement industrialists' advice to create supply chains that would serve these ends. By providing fresh insights for understanding the relationship between supply chains, business mobilisation, and European imperialism, this thesis lays the foundations for further much-needed work on the 'supply-side' economics of global empires.
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Paudyal, Priyamvada. "Respiratory symptoms and lung function in relation to cotton dust and endotoxin exposure in textile workers in Nepal." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=166944.

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Background: Cotton workers are highly exposed to organic dust. Inhalation of cotton based particulate has been associated with various respiratory symptoms and impaired lung function. This study investigates the respiratory health profile of textile mill workers in Nepal in relation to dust and endotoxin exposure. Methods: This study was conducted in four sectors (garment, carpet, weaving and recycling) of the textile industry in Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 938 individuals completed a health questionnaire and performed spirometry. A subset of 384 workers performed cross-shift spirometry. Personal exposure to inhalable dust and airborne endotoxin was measured during a full-shift for a 114 workers. Results: Geometric mean concentrations of personal exposure to cotton dust and endotoxin were 0.81 mg/m3 and 2160 EU/m3 respectively. Overall prevalence of persistent cough, persistent phlegm, wheeze, breathlessness and chest tightness were 8.5%, 12.5%, 3.2%, 6.5%and 3.6% respectively. Symptoms were most common among the recyclers and less in the garment sector. Exposure to inhalable dust significantly predicted the symptoms of persistent cough and chest tightness. Significant cross-shift reduction in FEV1, FVC, and FEF25_75 were measured in the textile workers (p<0.001 for all); reductions being greater in the recyclers (-143 ml) and smallest in the garment workers (-38 ml) (p=0.012). Cross-shift reduction in FEV1 was significantly predicated by exposure to inhalable dust. Exposure to endotoxin did not correlate with any of the respiratory symptoms nor to lung function. Conclusion: The measured association between exposure to inhalable dust and reporting of respiratory symptoms and lung function suggests that despite high levels of endotoxin exposures, inhalable dust is the driver for these effects and attention should turn to what might be the toxic component in this dust other than endotoxin.
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Bissou, Billong Julienne. "Fixation thermique par rayonnement infrarouge des colorants réactifs sur les fibres de coton d'un tissu fait de coton/polyester." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2002. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1221.

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L'utilisation de l'infrarouge pour la fixation des colorants demeure toutefois une technique moins développée dans le domaine du textile. C'est pourquoi une étude portant sur la fixation des colorants réactifs sur les fibres de coton, dans le cas d'un mélangé de fibres coton/polyester est réalisée. Deux recettes des mélanges de colorants réactifs (vert forêt et rouge bourgogne) ont été utilisées à cette fin. L'influence de paramètres physiques (vitesse, puissance) et chimiques (type de base et quantité, ajout ou non de sels) sur le rendement de la fixation sont étudiés. Le choix de ces paramètres physiques et chimiques est guidé par des mesures de rendement de fixation dans diverses conditions en comparaison avec le mode de fixation à froid. La méthode de fixation thermique étudiée consiste en un chauffage par rayonnement infrarouge (IR) suivi d'une cuisson à l'air chaud dans une unité chauffante (UC). Le second volet de l'étude a été la mise sur pied d'un mode de fixation qui puisse opérer de façon continue. Cette deuxième partie a permis de constater que pour une température basse, la fixation est faible."--Résumé abrégé par UMI.
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Bissou, Billong Julienne. "Fixation thermique par rayonnement infrarouge des colorants réactifs sur les fibres de coton d'un tissu fait de coton/polyester." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003.

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Books on the topic "Cotton Pad"

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(Organization), Laya, ed. Pratti sāgu pai ādivāsīla dr̥kpathaṃ: Oka adhyayanaṃ. Laya, 2006.

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E, Lehman Dawn, Washington (State). Dept. of Transportation., Washington State Transportation Center, and Washington State Transportation Commission, eds. Cotton duck bearing pads: Engineering evaluation and design recommendations. Washington State Dept. of Transportation, 2003.

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Eustasia, Sri Murwati, ed. Laporan pengembangan motif batik pada kain cotton rajut untuk fashion kawula muda. Departemen Perindustrian, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Industri, Balai Besar Kerajinan dan Batik, 2007.

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Lehman, Dawn E. Cotton duck bearing pads: Engineering evaluation and design recommendations / by Dawn E. Lehman ... [et al.]. Washington State Dept. of Transportation, 2003.

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Du Bois, W. E. B. Dark princess: A romance. Banner Books, 1995.

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Du Bois, W. E. B. Dark princess: A romance. Oxford University Press, 2007.

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Media, Walapie, and Trendy Wares Misc. Cotton Candy Drawing Pad For Kids. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2018.

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Wheeler, Jay. Woodsboro Murders [Signed by Cotton Weary] (SCREAM) Luxury Lined Notebook - Journal Diary Writing Paper Note Pad Movie Prop Replica. Independently Published, 2020.

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Mauldin, Erin Stewart. Facing Limits. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865177.003.0006.

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Changes in land use combined with ecological factors meant that many farmers’ land required too many inputs to remain profitable. Farmers had to plant cotton to pay for the fertilizer, seed, and provisions they needed to plant cotton. Had the subsistence economy existed as it had before the war, southern farmers might have used common spaces to raise provisions or livestock. Instead, sharecropping and tenancy created an ecological feedback loop that kept cotton farmers chained to that crop despite diminishing returns. By the 1880s, the South was producing more cotton than ever before, but the rates of debt and tenancy had escalated, spurring a wave of migration out of rural spaces and in to cities. Ultimately, by intensifying cotton production, farmers not only increased their integration with the market but also unwittingly accelerated a cycle of ecological change initiated by the war.
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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Cotton Balls and Pads. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cotton Pad"

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "cotton (wool) pad." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_2458.

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Khatri, Awais, Abdul Salam, Fahmina Absarullah, and Rafia Anwar. "Improved Sustainability of Cotton Sulfur Dyeing by Pad-Ox Processes." In Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development. Springer Vienna, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0109-4_23.

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Khatri, Zeeshan, M. Hanif Memon, and Khan Muhammad Brohi. "Cold Pad Batch Dyeing: Eco-friendly Dye Application on Cotton." In Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development. Springer Vienna, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0109-4_29.

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Gouic, Olivier Le. "« Par la voie de… » : routes, conditions et aléas du transport des produits ultramarins jusqu’à Lyon au xviiie siècle." In La diffusion des produits ultramarins en Europe. Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2018. https://doi.org/10.4000/13vrs.

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Au cours du xviiie siècle, la consommation de sucre, de café, d’épices et autres denrées tirées des lointaines colonies et des comptoirs d’outre-mer se développe à Lyon, comme dans beaucoup d’autres grandes villes d’Europe. Cette demande de produits ultramarins se double d’une demande spécifique de la Grande Fabrique de soieries qui, en plus de l’argent de l’Amérique espagnole, importe des produits de teinture et des soies asiatiques, avant que l’installation de manufactures d’indiennes n’appelle de nouveaux besoins de coton. Depuis tous les ports de la façade atlantique, mais aussi de Marseille, les marchandises sont acheminées vers Lyon, tantôt par la route tantôt par la voie fluviale, parfois par la mer. Les archives du grand commerce lyonnais permettent de saisir les itinéraires et les modes de transport choisis par les négociants, de mettre en évidence les contraintes et les risques liés aux transports sur de longues distances, mais aussi d’évaluer le coût de ces approvisionnements qui répondent aux besoins induits par de nouvelles formes de consommation.
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Hancock, James F. "The Portuguese build an empire." In Spices, scents and silk: catalysts of world trade. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249743.0017.

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Abstract Albuquerque's victory in Malacca gave Portugal a major foothold in the Far Eastern pepper trade, but the Portuguese were never able to fully dominate it. The chapter summarizes the struggles of Portugal's building of its empire. It also discusses the cartaz system, where the Portuguese claimed suzerainty over the Indian Ocean and no one else was allowed to sail unless they purchased a safe conduct pass. The cartaz obliged Asian ships to call at a Portuguese-controlled port and pay customs duties before proceeding on their voyage. Ships without this document were considered fair game and their goods could be confiscated. It was, pure and simple, a protection racket. The cartaz system, plus customs duties and outright piracy, provided most of the funds defraying the costs of the Portuguese navy and its garrisons. The chapter also outlines the importance of Indian cotton in the Spice Trade and the routes of spices into Europe. Further, the chapter provides highlights of the Portuguese profits on spices. Portuguese imports of pepper held strong over most the sixteenth century. The total weight of the spice cargoes averaged 40,000 to 50,000 quintals (1 quintal = 130 pounds or 59 kilograms) annually in the first half of the century and 60,000 to 70,000 quintals later on. Records have been left of one cargo in 1518 that totalled almost 5 million pounds (2.27 million kilograms), of which 4.7 million pounds (2.13 million kilograms) was pepper, 12,000 pounds (5443 kilograms) cloves, 3000 pounds (1360 kilograms) cinnamon and 2000 pounds (907 kilograms) mace (Krondl, 2007). Most of the pepper and other spices were purchased in Malabar on the open market. Portuguese profits on the pepper trade could run as high as 500%. Lastly, the chapter briefly discusses how other European countries looked for alternative routes to the spices.
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Lo Basso, Luca. "Traffici globali. Corallo, diamanti e tele di cotone negli affari commerciali dei Genovesi in Oriente." In Atti delle «Settimane di Studi» e altri Convegni. Firenze University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.28.

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Genoese merchants, who certainly did not disappear after 1627, during the second half of the century were able to establish new global-scale commercial networks on a par with those of other merchant communities (those of the Jews for instance). In the 1660s and for a few decades, Genoese goods – paper and fabrics – sailed to the Indies with African slaves. On their way back, the same Genoese ships would carry tonnes of silver and a wealth of other colonial goods thereby increasing trade with the East. This commercial framework is the backdrop to the story of Nicolò and Pietro Francesco Fieschi, two brothers whose lives testify how between the second half of the seventeenth century and the early decades of the eighteenth century, merchants from Genoa certainly had not withdrawn from international commerce focusing only on financial profits. On the contrary they were able to find new commercial momentum in opportunities provided by the connections brought about by the ever-more globalised world.
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Urton, Gary. "Khipu." In Paid, edited by Bill Maurer and Lana Swartz. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035750.003.0007.

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Khipu are sets of knotted strings used by the pre-Colombian Inkan Empire for record keeping. The chapter situates khipu in the history of accounting systems globally, and makes a case that some khipu may have conveyed similar information as double-entry bookkeeping, developed around the same time in Europe. Khipu cords were made from spun or plied cotton or llama or alpaca fibers and display three types of knots organized in complex arrangements of tiered clusters. Cords were spun with separate strings in specific patterns, too, allowing for a great deal of data storage. The Inka did not possess writing but used this accounting system and a decimal numbering system conveyed through knots to administer the empire. Double-entry bookkeeping in Europe contributed to the rise of capitalism; that double-entry khipu did not may be attributable to the Inka’s conquest by Spain in 1532.
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Gürsoy, Songül. "A Review of the Factors Affecting Adoption of Precision Agriculture Applications in Cotton Production." In Agricultural Sciences. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.114113.

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Precision agriculture (PA) is a modern farming management system adopted throughout the world, which employs cropping practices by observing and measuring the temporal and spatial variability in fields to enhance the sustainability of agricultural production through more efficient use of land, water, fuel, fertilizer, and pesticides. The efficiency of precision agriculture technologies (PAT) in agricultural production mainly depends on the use of site-specific agricultural inputs accurately through decision support mechanisms by observing and measuring the variables such as soil condition, plant health, and weed intensity. Although there have been significant developments in PAT, especially remote sensing as a key source of information available in support of PA in recent years, its adoption has been very slow by farmers due to a variety of reasons. The main aim of this chapter is to provide a critical overview of how recent developments in sensing technologies, geostatistical analysis, data fusion, and interpolation techniques can be used in the cotton production systems to optimize yields while minimizing water, chemical pesticide, and nitrogen inputs and analysis the main factors influencing the adoption of PAT by cotton farmers. Therefore, this chapter includes a compressive literature survey of the studies done on the current use and trends of PAT, and on farm level use of PA in cotton production worldwide.
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Ford, Lacy K. "Agriculture and Industry." In Origins of Southern Radicalism. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195069617.003.0007.

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Abstract The 1850s was the most profitable decade in history for growing cotton. Prices paid for the fleecy staple failed to reach the lofty heights attained during earlier booms, but they hovered at or above the ten cents per pound mark for much of the decade, and the world market absorbed ever-increasing quantities of cotton without any corresponding decline in prices. Accompanied by the expansion of railroads and the emergence of active cotton markets in towns above the fall line, this last antebellum cotton boom generated unprecedented prosperity in the South Carolina Upcountry and inspired a degree of economic optimism unknown in the region since the heady days of the first cotton boom a half-century earlier. With the advantage of hindsight, historians and economists now know that the boom of the 1850s was merely a brief flurry of prosperity preceding a long period of relative economic stagnation in the American South. After the boom of the 1850s, cotton, the raw material which supplied the world’s first industrial revolution, would never again bring sustained prosperity and rapid economic growth to the South. In the post-Civil War era, growth in world demand for cotton slowed dramatically, and sluggish growth in demand for cotton severely hindered economic growth and development in the South. Thus the long-term costs of the South’s dependence on cotton were staggering in terms of both economic backwardness and human suffering. But the bleak economic future of the cotton South was unknown to those Southerners who enjoyed the fruits of the boom of the 1850s; they could see only the flush times surging around them. In the autumn of his glory, King Cotton delivered one final round of prosperity to his subjects, and they were thankful.
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Schulman, Bruce J. "“Shadows on the Sunbelt”." In From Cotton Belt To Sunbelt. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195057034.003.0007.

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Abstract Roads—Tobacco Road, “Dixie Highway,” “Crossroads Blues,” “On the Road Again.” Highways have long claimed a place of distinction in southern culture. They have also dominated political debate and concentrated economic effort. The region, Mississippi senator Pat Harrison admitted in the 1930s, had an obssession with “climbing out of the mud.” Pavement symbolized progress. For visitors to the region, nothing so altered the face of the South as the construction of the National Defense Interstate Highway System in the late 1950s. Federal-aid roads paved the South, laying more road below the Mason-Dixon line in three years than southerners themselves had cleared in the years from 1789 to 1930.
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Conference papers on the topic "Cotton Pad"

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Atakan, Raziye, Pablo Diaz-García, Jaime Gisbert-Payá, and Marilés Bonet-Aracil. "Use of Rosa Canina Extractions for Ecofriendly Textile Finishing." In 22th AUTEX World Textile Conference. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-n8rchk.

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Phenolic components, flavonoids, tannins and vitamins (A, C, E) in the content of Rosa Canina fruits provide antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and they already have many uses such as food and medicine industry. Despite the fact that Rosa Canina extracts contain many beneficial and active components, they have not been yet studied as finishing agents for textiles. This paper represents the investigation of potential use of these extractions as natural functional agents for fabrics. Firstly, Rosa Canina extractions were prepared using different solvents (distilled water, ethanol and methanol) by ultrasound-assisted extraction. Pre-treatment process with chitosan was carried out via pad-dry-cure method using cotton fabrics. Then, these extractions were applied to undyed and pre-treated cotton fabrics via exhaustion method. Extractions and waste solutions of textile finishing process were examined by Ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. In addition, the chemical structure of the undyed and treated fabrics was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Finally, treated fabrics were examined in terms of UV protection properties by UPF measurements. UV-Vis results showed that maximum amount of active compounds was observed on Rosa Canina extraction with water. According to UPF values, pre-treatment with chitosan definitely have a positive effect on UV protection of cotton fabrics and Rosa Canina extract treatments lead also an extra increase on UPF values of cotton fabrics. Among all treated fabrics in the study, chitosan-Rosa Canina water treated fabrics showed the highest UPF value.
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S. MADAB, Dawood, and Suaad M. HASSEN. "ESTIMATION GENOTYPIC ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTION BY USING GGE BIPLOT ANALYSIS OF COTTON GENOTYPES (GOSSYPIUM HERSUTUM L.)." In VI.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Applied and Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress6-38.

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Seven cotton genotypes were grown in a different environmental conditions (as a combination among plant densities: 15, 20, and 25 cm under salt and non salt stress irrigation) to estimate genetic behavior in different environments of cotton genotypes (Ceebro, W888, Pac-cot189, Lashata, Cocker310, Montana, and Ik259).Analysis of variance for the interaction environments with the genotypes according to Randomized Completely Block Design with three replications were used, furthermore GGE biplot analysis for the seed cotton yield. Results Showed : Environments affected high significant in seed cotton yield for studied genotypes. Genotypic and genotypic environmental interaction contribute of 14.7 and 32.2% of variation respectively. PC1 and PC2 interpreted 53.9 and 26.5 % respectively of differences in GGE variances.IK259 Genotype the most productive and stable than others for high PC1 and low absolute value of PC2.E6 environment correlated significant and positive with other environments that means the effect of salt water stress in a wide distance among plants (25cm). Better performance of IK259 genotype was under un salt stress conditions in narrow distances among plants(15 cm). While Pac-cot genotype was favorable in most salt stress conditions. Consequently IK259 and Pac-cot189 genotypes are productive and desirable in studied environments.
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Otava, Anastasija, and Lilita Abele. "SUSTAINABLE PACKAGING MATERIAL FOR COTTON PADS PRODUCTION IN LATVIA." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/4.1/s17.20.

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Over the last 10 years, the amount of packaging waste in Latvia has increased by almost 40%. The statistical report on the types of packaging waste generated and recovery rates in the Republic of Latvia in 2018, in accordance with European Commission Decision 2005/270/EC, shows that the total amount of packaging waste was 257 350 tonnes in 2018, and plastic packaging made up 17%. Plastics are relatively light (comparing with wood or glass materials), it means that the volume of such waste is large and increasing every year. Comparing 2017 and 2018, we can see that the amount of plastic packaging increased by almost 11%. Unfortunately, the reports do not provide data on specific types of plastics. This situation exists in a relatively small country - in Latvia. Globally, the problem of plastic packaging waste is much more serious and is very topical. Research problem: There is not found widely used/accepted environment-friendly LDPE packaging material for cotton pads production. Aim of the study: Develop an action plan for hygiene producers to introduce the most environmentally friendly packaging material in their production process, by systematizing packaging materials according to selected criteria. Result of the study: Based on a literature study and a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), an action plan for hygiene manufacturers has been developed to switch to more sustainable packaging material in their production process.
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Yahya, M. N., M. Makmur, W. R. Prihatiningsih, et al. "Preparation and performance of hexacyanoferrate impregnated cotton pads for 137Cs analysis in seawater." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND APPLICATIONS – ICONSTA 2022. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0192971.

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Marbun, M. Y. E., and H. Helmiyati. "Hydrogel nanocomposites SA-PAA modified by silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) for antibacterial application on cotton fabrics." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES (ISCPMS2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0008097.

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Setyawati, Tri Rima, Rikhsan Kurniatuhadi, and Ari Hepi Yanti. "Karakter Morfologi Koloni Streptomyces Spp. yang diisolasi dari Substrat Habitat Cacing Nipah (Namalycastis Rhodochorde) pada Medium Berbeda." In Seminar Nasional Penerapan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi : kampus merdeka meningkatkan kecerdasan sumberdaya manusia melalui interdispliner ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi : Pontianak, 24 Agustus 2021. Untan Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/pipt.2021.29.

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Streptomyces memiliki potensi sebagai sumber metabolit antibakteri yang dapat dikembangkan dan diaplikasikan dalam pengembangan budidaya cacing nipah. Streptomyces memiliki karakter morfologi kultur yang berbeda-beda di beberapa medium agar dan merupakan aspek yang sangat penting dalam proses identifikasi dan klasifikasinya. Streptomyces spp. telah diisolasi dari substrat alami habitat cacing nipah (Namalycastis rhodochorde) di Sungai Kakap Kabupaten Kubu Raya sebanyak enam isolat (NrASA1 – NrASA6) dan telah berhasil dimurnikan untuk dilakukan karakterisasi morfologi koloninya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi variasi koloni Streptomyces sehingga diketahui variasi koloni dari genus yang sama pada medium yang berbeda. Karakterisasi dilakukan dengan metode pengamatan langsung terhadap koloni Streptomyces yang dikultur secara kuadran pada medium agar glycerol asparagine (GAA), inorganic salt starch (ISSA), oatmeal (OA), dan starch casein (SCA). Hasil karakterisasi tujuh isolat Streptomyces spp. yang dikultur pada empat medium agar berbeda memperlihatkan bahwa persamaan karakter terlihat dari warna spora matang yang 100% berwarna coklat, interval diameter koloni antara 3 – 8 cm, tekstur bersifat cottony. Perbedaan karakter terlihat dari presensi diffusible pigment yang hanya ada pada koloni isolat NrASA1 dan NrASA3 pada medium GAA dan SCA, sedangkan presensi eksudat berwarna coklat tua hanya terjadi pada medium ISSA. Enam isolat Streptomyces diduga memiliki epitet spesies yang berbeda, khususnya antara NrASA1 dan NrASA3 terhadap kode isolat lainnya.
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Sukarminah, E., Y. Cahyana, T. Rialita, Silvia Oktavia N. Yudiastuti, and H. G. Sobarsa. "Pengaruh Perbandingan Rumput Laut dan Susu Terhadap Karakteristik Yoghurt Probiotik Rumput Laut." In Seminar Nasional Semanis Tani Polije 2020. Politeknik Negeri Jember, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/agropross.2020.49.

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Yogurt probiotik rumput laut adalah produk makanan fermentasi bakteri asam laktat yang menggunakan susu dan rumput laut merah Eucheuma cottonii sebagai bahan bakunya. Rumput laut memberikan efek fungsional pada inang dan berdampak pada tekstur yogurt. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rumusan keseimbangan rumput laut dan susu skim yang mempengaruhi karakteristik yoghurt untuk disukai oleh panelis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen menggunakan analisis rancangan acak kelompok dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. perlakuan yang diberikan adalah formulasi keseimbangan antara rumput laut dan susu 5:95, 15:85, 25:75, 35:65, dan 45:55 (v / v). keseimbangan Yogurt rumput laut dan susu 25:75 (v / v) memberikan karakteristik yogurt terbaik dengan pH 4,21; total padatan terlarut 16,75 brix; viskositas 765,67 mPas; total asam titrasi 0,64%; total bakteri asam laktat 6,9x108 cfu / mL; total bakteri probiotik 2,9 x 108 cfu / mL; kandungan protein 3,03%; 2,2% dari kandungan serat makanan dan karakteristik organoleptik yang meliputi warna 3,91% (suka), aroma 3,73 (suka), rasa 3,11 (biasa), ketebalan 3,6 (suka), keasaman 3,22 (normal), tekstur 3,45 (biasa), tekstur 3,45 (biasa) dan penampilan keseluruhan 3,64 (Suka).
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Bagus Aryananda Suardika, Nyoman, Bambang Atmaja, and Shandira Deseliane. "Pemanfaatan Kappa-Karaginan dari Rumput Laut Merah (Eucheuma cottonii) sebagai Bahan Solidifikasi dan Stabilisasi Logam Berat Chromium pada Limbah Tekstil." In Seminar Nasional: Peranan Ipteks Menuju Industri Masa Depan (PIMIMD) 2017. ITP Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21063/pimimd4.2017.9-16.

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Reports on the topic "Cotton Pad"

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Delmer, Deborah P., Douglas Johnson, and Alex Levine. The Role of Small Signal Transducing Gtpases in the Regulation of Cell Wall Deposition Patterns in Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570571.bard.

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The combined research of the groups of Delmer, Levine and Johnson has led to a number of interesting findings with respect to the function of the small GTPase Rac in plants and also opened up new leads for future research. The results have shown: 1) The Rac13 protein undergoes geranylgeranlyation and is also translocated to the plasma membrane as found for Rac in mammals; 2) When cotton Rac13 is highly- expressed in yeast, it leads to an aberrant phenotype reminiscent of mutants impaired in actin function, supporting a role for Rac13 in cytoskeletal organization; 3) From our searches, there is no strong evidence that plants contain homologs of the related CDC42 genes found in yeast and mammals; 4) We have identified a rather unique Rac gene in Arabidopsis that has unusual extensions at both the N- and C-terminal portions of the protein; 5) New evidence was obtained that an oxidative burst characterized by substantial and sustained production of H202 occurs coincident with the onset of secondary wall synthesis in cotton fibers. Further work indicates that the H202 produced may be a signal for the onset of this phase of development and also strongly suggests that Rac plays an important role in signaling for event. Since the secondary walls of plants that contain high levels of lignin and cellulose are the major source of biomass on earth, understanding what signals control this process may well in the future have important implications for manipulating the timing and extent of secondary wall deposition. 6) When the cotton Rac13 promoter is fused to the reporter gene GUS, expression patterns in Arabidopsis indicate very strong and specific expression in developing trichomes and in developing xyelm. Since both of these cell types are engaged in secondary wall synthesis, this further supports a role for Rac in signaling for onset of this process. Since cotton fibers are anatomically defined as trichomes, these data may also be quite useful for future studies in which the trichomes of Arabidopsis may serve as a model for cotton fiber development; the Rac promoter can therefore be useful to drive expression of other genes proposed to affect fiber development and study the effects on the process; 7) The Rac promoter has also been shown to be the best so far tested for use in development of a system for transient transformation of developing cotton fibers, a technique that should have many applications in the field of cotton biotechnology; 8) One candidate protein that may interact with Rac13 to be characterized further in the future is a protein kinase that may be analogous to the PAK kinase that is known to interact with Rac in mammals.
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Jelinek, Raz, Paul Dawson, Timothy Hanks, William Pennington, and Julie Northcutt. Bacterial sensors for food processing environments. United States Department of Agriculture, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598157.bard.

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The overall objective of this project was to develop a new bacterial contaminant sensor based upon polydiacetylene(PDA) which is a unique polymer that changes color and configuration in response to external molecular stimuli. While this polymer has been well studied and has been shown to respond to bacterial stimuli in the laboratory, application to food processing environments has not been demonstrated. One hurdle in the application of biosensors in a food processing environment is interference of food sanitizers with the detection of bacteria. Common food sanitizers were evaluated for their response to PDA and different concentrations paving the way for use of modified PDAs developed by the research team to be used in food plants. Further development of PDA bacterial sensors focused on simplifying its application by immobilizing PDA on cotton and paper for use on swabs, wipes and dip papers. Increasing the sensitivity of PDAs was investigated by attaching fluorophores. Future and continued work will include the decoration of PDAs with apatmers to improve the specificity of the biosensor to food pathogens.
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Alestig, Mira. Price Interventions as a Part of Living Income Strategies: Lessons learned from piloting a price premium mechanism for basmati rice farmers in Pakistan. Oxfam, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2023.621486.

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Small-scale farmers produce many globally important products such as rice, cocoa, cotton and vanilla. Poverty is widespread among these farmers, and there is an urgent need to increase their incomes. A living income – what a household needs to afford a decent standard of living for all its members – is a human right. It is increasingly recognized that paying a living income is the responsibility of businesses. Pricing is a vital part part of this, but raising the prices paid to farmers can be complicated, and many companies still treat it with scepticism. This paper presents lessons learned from the piloting of a novel price premium mechanism in Pakistan. The goal of the price intervention, which targeted basmati rice farmers in Punjab province, was to make a meaningful contribution to the incomes of the most vulnerable small-scale farmers, while at the same time identifying appropriate mechanisms to minimize costs to retailers and/or consumers. The pilot indicates that price, in combination with other complementary measures, can effectively contribute to closing the income gap for even the most vulnerable small-scale farmers, but that any mechanism to raise prices must be designed carefully. The intervention was part of the wider GRAISEA programme, which supports farmers and food producers in South-East Asia.
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