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Journal articles on the topic 'Cotton Pad'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Morakotjinda, Pornpen, and Walaikorn Nitayaphat. "Dyeing Properties and Color Fastness of Cotton Fabrics Dyed with Uncaria Gambir Extract by the Padding Techniques." Key Engineering Materials 675-676 (January 2016): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.675-676.505.

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The pad dyeing offers the most economical and convenient method of dyeing cotton fabric. The energy and water consumptions are at the lowest, thus rendering it more eco friendly. The dyeing of cotton fabric was carried out with dye extraction from the uncaria gambir by using two padding techniques, namely the pad-batch and pad-cure techniques under different conditions. The effect of dyeing method and mordant on color strength and colorimetric parameters (L*, a*, b*, and ΔE) were evaluated. The color fastness to wash, light and perspiration after dyeing the cotton fabric treated with the morda

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2

Tiku, Sufiyan Derbew. "Design and development of feminine reusable pad without pad holder." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 32, no. 2 (2019): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-09-2018-0116.

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Purpose Naturally women have menstruation cycle in permanent time that is once in a month, destroying eggs and leaving the body in the form of bad blood. Girls begin their periods between the ages of 10–18. The average age is 13. Through the ages women have used different forms of menstrual protection. Women often used strips of folded old cloth (rags) to catch their menstrual blood. This old cloth is not recommended for health; in these cases, infection in the body is not friendly with the environment. By considering the above issues for women, the purpose of this paper is to design and devel

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3

Teng, Xiao Xu, Jian Wei Shi, and Shu Fen Zhang. "Research in the Cold Pad-Batch Dyeing Process for the Cationic Cotton." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 2145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.2145.

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Cotton fabrics pretreated with cationic polyacrylamide with quaternary ammonium group were dyed with three reactive dyes in the absence of salt by cold pad-batch dyeing method. The influences of various conditions in the dyeing process, including urea dosage, selection of alkali agent and its dosage, batching time and batching temperature on colour yield, were analyzed. Fastness properties of the dyed cotton and the dye penetration were investigated between the pretreated and untreated cotton. The results showed that the dyesK/Svalues of the pretreated cotton were improved compared with those

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4

Yu, Chengbing, Ziwei Xi, Yilin Lu, Kaixin Tao, and Zhong Yi. "K/S value prediction of cotton fabric using PSO-LSSVM." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 23-24 (2020): 2581–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517520924750.

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Cotton is one of the world’s most common natural clothing materials. It is dyed mainly using the exhaustion, cold pad-batch, and pad-dry-pad-steam dyeing methods. The K/S value, an important index for measuring the depth of color, of cotton fabric dyed with reactive dyes is greatly influenced by various factors of the dyeing process. In this study, three models were developed incorporating least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) to predict the K/S values of dyed cotton fabrics, while particle swarm optimization (PSO) was applied to optimize and tune the parameters of the LSSVM model (PSO-

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5

Zhou, Chang-E., Chi-wai Kan, Chun-wah Marcus Yuen, Jukka Pekka Matinlinna, James Kit-hon Tsoi, and Qing Zhang. "Plasma treatment applied in the pad-dry-cure process for making rechargeable antimicrobial cotton fabric that inhibits S. Aureus." Textile Research Journal 86, no. 20 (2016): 2202–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517515622147.

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In this paper, variables in an environmentally friendly rechargeable antimicrobial finishing process were studied. Cotton fabric was treated with nitrogen plasma after padding with 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH) when fabric was treated through the pad-dry-cure method, that is, pad-plasma-dry-cure. After that, fabric was chlorinated with sodium hypochlorite to impart antimicrobial property and function. An orthogonal array testing strategy was used in the finishing process for finding the optimum treatment condition. Ultraviolet spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infr

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6

Hernhow, Panuwat, Potjanart Suwanruji, Thitinun Karpkird та Jantip Suesat. "Dyeing and Fastness Properties of Natural Dyes on Cotton Grafted with Monochlorotriazine-β-Cyclodextrin". Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (грудень 2012): 590–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.590.

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The main goal of this work was to study the possibility of improving the natural dye uptake and their fastness properties on cotton fabrics by the application of monochlorotriazine-β- cyclodextrin (MCT-β-CD). Hence, MCT-β-CD was synthesized, characterized, and grafted on cotton fabrics via pad and cure method. The existence of MCT-β-CD on cotton fabrics was confirmed by nitrogen content (%N). Natural dyes used were colorants extracted from turmeric and cassumunar powders, and a commercial natural dye i.e. Natural Red Brown. The commercial one was water soluble whereas the extracted dyes were s

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7

Maheen, Ifrah, Muhammad Fahad Arain, Pardeep Kumar Gianchandani, Naveed Mengal, and Samander Ali Malik. "One-bath dyeing and antibacterial finishing of cotton fabric using reactive dye and silver chloride: a sustainable approach." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 43, no. 4 (2024): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.3239.

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One-bath dyeing and antibacterial finishing of cotton fabric using reactive dye as colorant and silver chloride (AgCl) as an antibacterial agent was conducted to streamline the process and enhance its economic efficiency. The effectiveness of the antibacterial agent in reactive dyeing of cotton fabric, was evaluated through exhaust method with 0.5% AgCl and continuous (pad dry cure) method with 5 g/l of AgCl, utilizing various dye concentrations (1%, 3%, 5% for exhaust; 1g/l, 3g/l, 5g/l for pad dry cure) according to a standard reactive dye recipe. Characterization of the one-bath dyed, and an

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8

Haji, Aminoddin, Reza Malek, and Firoozmehr Mazaheri. "Comparative study of exhaustion and pad-steam methods for improvement of handle, dye uptake and water absorption of polyester/cotton fabric." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 17, no. 3 (2011): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq101205022h.

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In this study, a pad-steam process for treatment of polyester/cotton fabric with sodium hydroxide is developed and the effects of process parameters on selected properties of the fabric are investigated. The results are compared with the conventional exhaustion process. Both processes improved the handle, dyeability and water absorption of the polyester/cotton fabric but the pad-steam process has the advantage of less strength loss of the fibers, less treatment time, less consumption of water and chemicals that make the process to be less hazardous to the environment.

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9

Sultana, Evana, Md Zewel Rana, Muhammad Shamim Al Mamun, et al. "Disodium EDTA-capped AuNP-engineered cotton pad as a colorimetric probe for formalin detection." RSC Advances 15, no. 13 (2025): 10442–52. https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ra00067j.

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10

Saputro, Agung Nugaraha Catur, Baki Mulyani, Nanik Dwi Nurhayati, and Yunita Kurniawan. "Uji Kinerja Fotodegradasi Kain Terlapisi Komposit Nanosized Chitosan/TiO2 Terhadap Zat Warna Rhodamine B." Jurnal Kimia VALENSI 2, no. 1 (2016): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v2i1.3111.

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The coating of nanosized Chitosan/TiO2 composit on cotton fabrics substrate and its performance for dye of Rhodamine B was studied. Nanosized Chitosan/TiO2 composit coated on cotton fabrics was done by dip-coating method through pad-dry-cure technic. Cotton fabric thats was coated by nanosized Chitosan/TiO2 composit was characterized by SEM, XRD, and FTIR. Photodegradation Performance test of cotton fabric coated Nanosized Chitosan/TiO2 composit for dye of Rhodamine B was done under UV ray and sun ray. It was concluded that was cotton fabric coated nanosized Chitosan/TiO2 can decompose dye of

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11

Jabli, Mahjoub, Mohamed Hassen V. Baouab, Mohamed Sadok Roudesli, and Aghleb Bartegi. "Adsorption of Acid Dyes from Aqueous Solution on a Chitosan-cotton Composite Material Prepared by a New Pad-dry Process." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 6, no. 3 (2011): 155892501100600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501100600301.

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In this paper, we developed a method that may be considered as an easy and economical way to prepare chitosan-cotton composite (CH-cotton) materials using an electrolytes-free pad-dry process in which the cure step was performed in an oven microwave to provide a cotton fabric with greatly enhanced affinity for acid dyes. Evidence of successful interaction between cotton and CH through formation of hydrogen bonding and/or ion dipole interactions was analysed by FTIR spectroscopy. Influence of cure time onto the weight per surface unit of samples has been studied and five CH-cotton composite mat

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12

Mongkholrattanasit, Rattanaphol, Charoon Klaichoi, Orawan Mudchiew, Nattaya Punrattanasin, Nuttanan Sasivatchutikool, and Nattadon Rungruangkitkrai. "Effect of Ferrous Sulfate to Improve UV-Protection Property of Cotton Fabric Dyed with Natural Indigo." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.418.

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In the present study, cotton fabric has been dyed with natural indigo (Indigofera tentoria) in absence and present ferrous sulfate mordant by using post-mordanting and pad-batch processes. It was observed that with an increase in the dye concentration, the ultraviolet (UV) protection factor (UPF) values good for the cotton fabric. Cotton fabrics dyed with natural indigo showed greenish-blue shade. The fastness properties ranged from good to very good, level. The results confirmed that natural dyes from natural indigo with ferrous sulfate have potential applications in fabric dyeing and in prod

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13

He, Pengshuang, Chaohong Dong, Xiaoyan Chen, et al. "Flame Retardant Finishing and Dyeing of Cotton Fabric in One Bath." AATCC Journal of Research 7, no. 4 (2020): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.7.4.2.

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Flame resistant cotton fabric is usually dyed first, and is then treated with a flame retardant by the pad-dry-cure technique. In this research, cotton fabric was treated with 2-(2-aminoethyl hydrogen phosphite)-4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine (APDCT). APDCT contains s-triazine groups, which are the same used by reactive dyes. This process allows cotton fabric dyeing and flame retardant treatment to occur simultaneously, while decreasing treatment temperature, improving efficiency, and saving energy. Optimal treatment was determined by the percent dye uptake, fixation, and fabric flame resistance.

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14

Yu, Chengbing, Ziwei Xi, Yilin Lu, Kaixin Tao, and Zhong Yi. "LSSVM-based color prediction for cotton fabrics with reactive pad-dry-pad-steam dyeing." Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 199 (April 2020): 103956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2020.103956.

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15

Sharma, Manisha, B. Adhikari, and Koel Choudhury. "Development of cotton lap/cellulose pad substitute from jute." International Journal of Plastics Technology 18, no. 3 (2014): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12588-014-9090-z.

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16

Nakpathom, Monthon, Buppha Somboon та S. Changpradit. "Fragrant Finishing of Cotton Fabric Using β-Cyclodextrin". Advanced Materials Research 55-57 (серпень 2008): 909–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.909.

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The goal of the current research is the development of an approach that anchors b-cyclodextrin (b-CD) and vanillin fragrance to cotton fabrics simultaneously using traditional pad-dry-cure and pad-dry-batch processes. 2-hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin (HP-b-CD) was mixed with vanillin in water at room temperature and the resultant complex was then applied on the fabric with the use of two crosslinking agents, i.e. glyoxal and a commercial CIBA Knittex® FA CONC. The effects of the amount of HP-b-CD and the type of crosslinking agents on the amount of vanillin deposited on the fabric and its releas

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17

Wang, Li Ming, Ying Ding, Yong Shen, and Zai Sheng Cai. "Finishing Process of Modified Nano TiO₂ Photocatalyst on Cotton." Advanced Materials Research 441 (January 2012): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.320.

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A series of modified nanoTiO2 photocatalysts, nanoPC, was applied to cotton fabrics through a pad-dry-cure process. The effect of nanoPC dosage, the ratio of nanoPC to crosslinking agent, and curing conditions on the degradation of formaldehyde were discussed. The optimal finishing process of cotton fabric with nanoPC was determined as follows: 1%~1.5% photocatalyst, curing at 130°C for 5 minutes. Cotton fabric treated with the above process demonstrated over 90% degradation of formaldehyde, good washing fastness and soft handle, as well as little loss in breaking strength, tearing strength an

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18

Xu, Yun Hui, and Li Chen. "Characterization on Aggregating Structure of Aloe Extract Crosslinked Cotton Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 1132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.1132.

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For exploiting the multifunctional ecological cotton textile products and developing the green modified technology for cotton fabrics, a novel cotton fabric with aloe extract crosslinking was prepared using citric acid as a crosslink agent under the pad-dry-cure procedure. Scanning electron microscopic photographs showed that the modification with aloe extract occurred on the surface of cotton fabric. FT-IR spectra of the modified fabric illuminated that aloe extract crosslinked with cotton fabric through the bridge linkage of citric acid after a series of reaction. The wide angle X-ray diffra

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19

Li, Zheng Rong, Wei Ping Tu, Ke Jie Fu, and Jie Zou. "Synthesis and Application of a Novel Polymer as an Antimicrobial and Water and Oil Repellent Finishing Agent for Cotton." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 1210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.1210.

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A novel polymer APFC containing quaternary ammonium and perfluoroalkyl groups was designed and prepared by emulsion polymerization using interfacial redox initiator system, the average size of the emulsion particles was about 103nm, APFC was applied on cotton fabrics to show the antimicrobial activities and optimum water and oil repellency by a pad-dry-cure process, the water repellency scores and oil repellency ratings of the cotton fabrics finished with APFC can reach 100 and 6, respectively. We evaluated the efficacy of the antimicrobial activity of cotton fabric finished with APFC , the an

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20

Zhang, Shu Hang, Hong Wei Li, and Le Lv. "Application of Poly2-Methyl Acrylate-N-Methyl Pyridinium Iodide in Salt-Free Dyeing of Reactive Dyes." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.547.

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Poly2-methyl acrylate-N-methyl pyridinium iodide (PMAMPI) was used as a new cationic agent to pretreat cotton with dip-pad-bake method. The pretreated cationic cotton showed electropositive in the process of dyeing with reactive dye. The thesis has studied the optimized process for salt-free dyeing conditions. In the optimized salt-free dyeing process, the cotton fabrics treated with PMAMPI showed a good performance compared to those in the process of traditional salt dyeing. The results showed that color yield and color fastness of the reactive dyes on the cationic cotton were satisfied. The

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21

Xu, Yun Hui, and Yong Jin Deng. "Study on Preparation and Properties of Cotton Fabric Modified by Anthraquinone Extract from Aloe." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 2705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.2705.

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For improving wear properties of cotton fabric and exploiting ecological cotton textile with multifunction, cotton fabric was modified with anthraquinone extract of aloe. Aloe anthraquinone was fixed onto the surface of cotton fabric through the esterification crosslink of citric acid at high temperature using a pad-dry-cure process. The effects of citric acid concentration, catalyst concentration, aloe anthraquinone concentration and curing temperature on the treatment were mainly investigated. The optimized treating parameters for cotton fabric were obtained. The weight gain of modified fabr

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22

Yang, Haizhen, Kuanjun Fang, Xiuming Liu, Yuqing Cai, and Fangfang An. "Effect of Cotton Cationization Using Copolymer Nanospheres on Ink-Jet Printing of Different Fabrics." Polymers 10, no. 11 (2018): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10111219.

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In this study, the cationic Poly[Styrene-Butyl acrylate-(P-vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride)] P(St-BA-VBT) nanospheres with N+(CH3)3 functional groups were successfully synthesized by soap-free emulsion polymerization and applied to different fabrics by pad-cure process. After the pad-cure process, the nanospheres were deposited on the surface of the modified cotton fibers successfully without forming a continuous film structure. The X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results demonstrated that P(St-BA-VBT) nanospheres were adsorbed on the su

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23

Dong, Chaohong, Zhou Lu, Ping Zhu, Lei Wang, and Fengjun Zhang. "Synthesis and Application of a Novel Modified Polysiloxane Polymer with High Reaction Activity as Water Repellent Agent for Cotton Fabrics." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 10, no. 2 (2015): 155892501501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501501000220.

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A novel poly(4-iodobutoxylmethylsiloxane) (PIBMS) water repellent with high reaction activity was synthesized using poly(hydromethylsiloxane) (PHMS), methyl iodide (MeI) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the presence of a catalytic amount of PdCl2. The new chemical active group of PIBMS could covalently bond to the cotton fabric. It is conducive to improve the washability of treated cotton fabric. The structure of PIBMS was confirmed by the FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra. The PIBMS was applied onto cotton fabric by a pad-dry-cure process. PIBMS was applied to cotton fabrics and the effect of the process

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24

Gashti, Mazeyar Parvinzadeh, and Shima Eslami. "A robust method for producing electromagnetic shielding cellulose via iron oxide pillared clay coating under ultraviolet irradiation." Functional Materials Letters 08, no. 06 (2015): 1550073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604715500733.

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We successfully immobilized Fe-pillared clay ( Fe -PILC) nanoparticles on a cotton surface via the pad-dry method and achieved cross-linking under ultraviolet irradiation. We investigated the influence of Fe -PILC concentration on the surface morphology, optical and electromagnetic (EM) shielding properties using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, reflectance spectrophotometry and EM field detector. We demonstrated a simple and versatile method for coating highly absorbent EM shielding nanocomposites on cotton.

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25

Dobur, Ersin, Bekir Boyacı, and Sadiye İnceoğlu. "Reusable Sanitary Pad." Orclever Proceedings of Research and Development 1, no. 1 (2022): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.56038/oprd.v1i1.183.

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Feminine hygiene products are described personal care products that are used by women to manage menstruation and to maintain menstrual health. One of the most preferred feminine hygiene products is sanitary pads. Sanitary pad is a thin pad made of absorbent material that comprises numerous layers of quilted cotton fabric or other super absorbent polymers and plastics. Soft touch, dry feel, odourless, leakproof and antibacterial properties are the expectations from a sanitary pad. Considering these expectations, in order to replace with the disposable (single use) ones we have developed a reusa

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26

Ratnapandian, Saminathan, Stanley MacArthur Fergusson, and Lijing Wang. "Application of acacia natural dyes on cotton by pad dyeing." Fibers and Polymers 13, no. 2 (2012): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-012-0206-9.

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27

Jin, Jiarui, Kejun Feng, and Xiaohong Liu. "Enhanced photocatalytic degradation and UV protection properties of BiOCl nanosheets coating for cotton fabric." Functional Materials Letters 11, no. 03 (2018): 1850052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604718500522.

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BiOCl nanosheets were prepared through a simple solvothermal method. The obtained BiOCl nanosheets were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV spectroscopy. The average size of BiOCl nanosheets was 210[Formula: see text]nm. The BiOCl nanosheets were applied as a finishing agent for cotton fabric, which can give the UV protection and photocatalytic degradation of RhB properties to cotton fabric. We made four different concentrations of finishing agents to coat the fabric by pad-dry-cure method. Furthermore, the UPF ratting and photocatalytic degradat

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28

Li, Lin, Kaikai Ma, Yin Liu, et al. "Regenerablity and Stability of Antibacterial Cellulose Containing Triazine N-halamine." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 11, no. 1 (2016): 155892501601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501601100105.

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A reactive triazine derivative, 2,4-dichloro-6-hydroxy-1,3,5-triazine (DCHT), was prepared through the controlled hydrolysis of cyanuric chloride in water solution. The reaction was characterized with 13C NMR study. The reaction solutions could be directly used to treat cellulose fibers. A pad-dry-cure method was employed to immobilize the triazine derivative onto cotton. The covalently bound triazine moieties on cotton could be transformed into N-halamine structures after a chlorine bleaching treatment. The biocidal efficacies of the treated samples with different chlorine loadings were furth

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29

Komarova, K. V., N. N. Ratkina, and V. K. Polenichkin. "The method of assessment of salivary glands secretory function." Kazan medical journal 94, no. 2 (2013): 245–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1597.

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Aim. To develop a method for the assessment of the secretory function of salivary glands. Methods. BK-300.1 («MASSA-K», Russia) weighting machine (presicion ±0,01 g), two standard cotton swabs and two absorbent dental pads «Dry Tips» («Mölnlycke Health Care», Sweden) were used for the assessment of the secretory function of salivary glands. Each absorbent pad and cotton swabs were weighted before the procedure. The examination was performed at morning hours on a fasting patient seated on a dentist’s chair without salivation stimulation. Absorbent pads were placed on the buccal mucosa with paro

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BOONROENG, Supannee, and Piyaporn KAMPEERAPAPPUN. "Dyeing of curcumin and durable press finishing with citric acid on cotton fabric using one step process." Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals 32, no. 4 (2022): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v32i4.1548.

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Cotton is an affordable and durable option for clothing. However, cotton garments tend to wrinkle easily. Therefore, cotton fabrics were studied to improve their wrinkle resistance properties. In this work, curcumin was mixed in an aqueous solution of citric acid and its catalyst and applied to cotton fabric using pad-dry-cure process for both the dyeing and finishing properties. Aloe vera extract and chitosan were used to compare for the reaction of their functional groups with carboxyl groups of citric acid on cotton fabrics. The mixture of curcumin and citric acid solution showed anti-wrink

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Xing, Tie Ling, Jie Liu, Guo Qiang Chen, Jia Yong Sheng, Dao Quan Sun, and Zhong Li Chen. "Study on Finishing of Cotton Fabric by Sericin and its Properties." Advanced Materials Research 175-176 (January 2011): 624–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.175-176.624.

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In order to take the advantage of the specific property of sericin to improve wear property of cotton fabric, cotton fabric was finished with sericin. Sericin was fixed onto the surface of cotton fabric in the presence of poly-carboxylic acids (CA and BTCA) at high temperature using a pad-dry-cure process. The effects of catalyst concentration, pH value, curing temperature and curing time on the finish were investigated. The optimized finishing conditions for cotton fabric were obtained. The weight gain of treated fabric with BTCA as crosslinking agent was higher than CA. The whiteness, breaki

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32

Kadınkız, Naz, Ayçin Asma, Gizem Demirel, Humayun Kabir, and Muhammet Uzun. "A comparative study on dyeing capability of conventional and organic cotton fabrics." Tekstilna industrija 71, no. 2 (2023): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tekstind2302047k.

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Cotton fiber, which is the most widely used natural fiber in the textile and paper industries, has a crucial environmental impact. Cultivation of conventional cotton consumes a lot of water and requires the usage of a higher amount of pesticides. Organic cotton is a more environmentally friendly alternative to its growing conditions. The characteristics of cotton change with the differences in growing conditions. In this study, the properties of yarns obtained from both conventionally and organically grown cotton were tested and analyzed. The properties of these yarns in the fabric structure w

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Shan, Bin, Wei Xiong, and Shufen Zhang. "Dyeing Method and Properties of a Novel Blue Azo-Anthraquinone Reactive Dye on Cotton." Molecules 24, no. 7 (2019): 1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071334.

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A novel blue azo-anthraquinone reactive dye was evaluated in the dyeing of cotton by using a dip–pad–steam process. Dyeing method and properties were examined in detail and the results showed that the dyeing method consisting of dye concentration of 25 g/L, sodium carbonate of 12 g/L, dipping time of 3 min and steaming time of 30 min was the most effective when a conventional “one-dip–one-nip” process was used. The fixation of the dyes on cotton could reach up to 93.4%, the wash and rub fastness both reached grade 4 above, and the light fastness reached grade 4–5 above. Such colored cotton sho

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Wang, Yun Li, Jun Chen, Shan Cheng, Zong Li Mao, Ming Min Dong, and Wei Lin Xu. "Research on Anti-Creasing Properties of 100% Cotton Yarns." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 2291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.2291.

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Durable press (DP) finishing is the common process to impart anti-creasing properties to cotton fabrics. Conventionally, the whole fabric was treated by pad-dry-cure (PDC) process in one treating bath. However, this process led to the serious loss of the cotton fabrics in mechanical properties. In this work, the cotton yarns were treated with DP finishing solution. And subsequently, they were dried and cured in a certain temperature. The wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) of yarns was measured. The relationship between the treating process and WRA was studied. The affecting parameters on WRA were ac

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35

Feng, Yajuan, Daikun Li, Fengxiu Zhang, and Guangxian Zhang. "A novel reactive anti-ultraviolet finishing of cotton fabric based on N-dihydroxy ethylene cyanoguanidine." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 14 (2016): 1722–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516658515.

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This study reports a novel ultraviolet (UV) absorber, N-dihydroxy ethylene cyanoguanidine (NDEC), which was synthesized from dicyandiamide and glyoxal. The NDEC compound was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance. NDEC was grafted onto cotton fabric through covalent bonding by the pad–dry cure method. The optimal finishing conditions were that the mass concentration of NDEC was 5 g/L, baking time 240 s and temperature 140℃. The UPF value of cotton fabric treated under optimal finishing conditions reached 50+ and was minimally reduced (to 47) after 5

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HOLKAR, HARSHAL, SHASHWAT NARAYAN, JAVED SHEIKH, and NAGENDER SINGH. "SIMULTANEOUS DYEING AND FINISHING OF COTTON FABRICS USING RED OCHER EARTH PIGMENT." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 59, no. 3-4 (2025): 433–40. https://doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2025.59.38.

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A novel approach to the pad-dry cure method was employed to prepare concurrently dyed and finished cotton samples. The innovative approach integrates a layer-by-layer pigment dyeing procedure for obtaining varying shades of Red Ocher (RO) and functionalities on dyed cotton. Following the dyeing process, advanced characterization techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), were employed to confirm the presence of RO and its effect on the fabric. The findings of this unique study indicated exceptional UV protection factors, laundering,

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Yu, Chengbing, Kaiqin Shi, Jinyan Ning, et al. "Preparation and Application of Fluorine-Free Finishing Agent with Excellent Water Repellency for Cotton Fabric." Polymers 13, no. 17 (2021): 2980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172980.

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Water repellent is an important functional finish for cotton fabric. However, cotton fabrics often have poor washing resistance and other performances after actual finishing. In this study, based on the structural characteristics of cotton fiber and durability of water repellent, a cross-linked amino long-chain alkyl polysiloxane (CAHPS) was first prepared, and then reacted with modified silica. Finally, a chemically bonded organic–inorganic nanohybrid cross-linked polysiloxane (rSiO2–CAHPS) was fabricated. Furthermore, the rSiO2–CAHPS was emulsified to obtain a durable fluorine-free water rep

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Islam, Md Shariful, Shaikh Md Mominul Alam, and Shaharia Ahmed. "Attaining Optimum Values of Colourfastness Properties of Sustainable Dyes on Cotton Fabrics." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 28, no. 6(144) (2020): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3806.

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The aim of this research was to identify optimum values of the colorfastness properties of sustainable dyes on cotton fabrics. Sustainable dyes are ecofriendly, biodegradable, economical and easily attainable from natural sources. The findings of this research established that good colourfastness properties of cellulosic fibres could be obtained using sustainable natural dyes. Experiments were carried out on 100% cotton voile fabrics of plain weave using four types of natural dyes: strawberry dye, beetroot dye, rose dye and China rose dye. Strawberry dye reacted with the cellulose of the cotto

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Xu, Denghui, Xingbo Ma, Ping Zhu, and Zhiming Jiang. "A Novel Durable and Water-Soluble N-Halamine Precursor for Antibacterial Cellulose Fabrics." AATCC Journal of Research 7, no. 3 (2020): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.7.3.6.

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A novel, water-soluble N-halamine precursor based on s-triazine (2-(aminoethanesulfonic sodium salt)-4-(4-imino-2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidine)-6-monochloro-1,3,5-triazine, ATDT) was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR. The cotton fabrics were functionalized with ATDT through the traditional pad-dry-cure method, and optimal conditions were successfully obtained by measuring the active chlorine content. The antibacterial activity of ATDT-coated cotton fabrics was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7. As a result, 100% of bacteria could be inactiv

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Song, Wan-Meng, Li-Yao Zhang, Ping Li, and Yun Liu. "High-Efficient Flame-Retardant Finishing of Cotton Fabrics Based on Phytic Acid." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (2023): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021093.

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In this study, an efficient phosphorus-containing flame retardant, PAPBTCA, was synthesized from phytic acid, pentaerythritol, and 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid, and its structure was characterized. PAPBTCA was finished on cotton fabrics by the pad-dry-curing process, and the flame retardancy, flame-retardant durability, and wrinkle resistance of the obtained flame-retardant fabrics were investigated. It should be noted that the heat release rate value of the flame-retardant cotton fabrics treated with 200 g/L PAPBTCA decreased by 90% and its excellent flame retardancy was maintained aft

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Tusief, Muhammad Qamar, Muhammad Saddique, Nabeel Amin, and Zahid Hussain. "The Effect of Wrinkle Recovery Finishes on Shrinkage of Cotton Fabric for Different Finish Applying Techniques." Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences 59, no. 3 (2016): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.phys.sci.59.3.2016.144.150.

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This research study was conducted to make wrinkle free fabric by applying formaldehyde free anti-wrinkle finishes like Texicil DC, Knittex RCT, Arkofix NEC, Arkofix ELF. In this effort, various concentrations of these finishes were used by adopting three different finish applying techniques (pad-dry technique, pad-dry-cure technique and pad-flash-cure technique) on pure cotton fabric in order to optimize their application for best manufacturing results in sense of the shrinkage ability of the fabric. After making quality test of the resulting fabric it was depicted that pad dry method of apply

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42

SHAHIDI, SHEILA, VAHID GHOBADIFAR, SADAF POOYANDEH, and RATTANAPHOL MONGKHOLRATTANASIT. "Effects of chitosan on the metal absorption and UV protection properties of woven cotton fabric." Industria Textila 74, no. 04 (2023): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.074.04.202238.

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In this research, cotton fabrics were treated with carboxylated chitosan, loaded by the pad-dry-cure method for investigating the absorption of heavy metals and the Ultraviolet (UV) protection properties of fabric samples. For this purpose, chitosan-treated cotton fabrics were soaked in CuSO4 solution to investigate the rate of heavy metal absorption. The surface morphology of cotton fabrics was investigated using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Inductively coupled Plasma Spectroscopy (ICP) analysis was employed to examine the amount of heavy metals' absorption upon chitosan-treat

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Popescu, Vasilica, Marioara Petrea та Andrei Popescu. "Multifunctional Finishing of Cotton with Compounds Derived from MCT-β-CD and Quantification of Effects Using MLR Statistical Analysis". Polymers 13, № 3 (2021): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13030410.

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Multifunctionalization of cotton using a single product has not been made until now. Such a product was synthesized using compounds with multiple functions (glyoxal, ethylenediamine (ED) and monochlorotriazinyl-β–cyclodextrin (MCT-β-CD)), under different mass ratios. Obtaining this multifunctional derivative has been confirmed by spectroscopic analyses (1H-NMR and FTIR) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Treatment of cotton with the MCT-β-CD derivative (D-CD) has been realized with the pad dry-cure technology. The presence of this multifunctional derivative on cotton was highlighted wit

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Samanta, Ashis Kumar, Tapas Ranjan Kar, Asis Mukhopadhyay, Debashis Shome, and Adwaita Konar. "Eco-friendly salt-free reactive dyeing of cotton (muslin) fabric after cationization with amino acid from soya." Textile Research Journal 86, no. 20 (2016): 2179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517515621135.

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Bleached cotton fabric was chemically modified (cationized)with natural amino acids extract obtained by acid hydrolysis (6N HCL) from soya bean seed waste, adding MgCl2 as an acid donor in the pad-dry-calendaring process to investigate the changes in textile properties and its dyeability with reactive dye in both a conventional alkaline dye bath and salt-free acidic dye bath. This modified cotton incorporates new functional groups producing [Formula: see text] in acid bath to obtain cationized cotton, rendering it to eco-friendly salt-free reactive dyeing at acceptable shade depth without much

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Zheng, Xiangjun, Xuecheng Cao, Kai Zeng, et al. "Cotton pad-derived large-area 3D N-doped graphene-like full carbon cathode with an O-rich functional group for flexible all solid Zn–air batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 22 (2020): 11202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta00014k.

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A flexible 3D N, O-doped graphene-like full carbon cathode has been synthesized with a cotton pad as a template via a scalable and one-step pyrolysis process, and can be directly used as an efficient air cathode for flexible all solid-state ZABs.

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Burkinshaw, S. M., and G. W. Collins. "Pad-Dry and Pad-Flash cure aftertreatments to improve the wash fastness of sulphur dyeings on cotton." Dyes and Pigments 33, no. 1 (1997): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-7208(96)00035-6.

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Moiz, Arsheen, Arun Vijayan, Rajiv Padhye, and Xin Wang. "Chemical and water protective surface on cotton fabric by pad-knife-pad coating of WPU-PDMS-TMS." Cellulose 23, no. 5 (2016): 3377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-016-1028-5.

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Yuan, Zeng-Wei, Ya-Nan Zhu, Jun-Kui Shi, Xin Liu, and Lei Huang. "Life-cycle assessment of continuous pad-dyeing technology for cotton fabrics." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 18, no. 3 (2012): 659–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-012-0470-3.

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Buyukakinci, Banu Yesim, and Recep Karadag. "Optimization of the natural dyes extraction (Madder and Wallonia oak) and Cotton Dyeing Using Microwave Irradiation." Textile & Leather Review 5 (September 21, 2022): 451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31881/tlr.2022.42.

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In this work, microwave irradiation was used to extract two dye plants (Quercus ithaburansis Decaisne and Rubia tinctorum L.) and to dye natural cotton. Using microwave (MW) energy, the extraction time for these plants and the dyeing time for organic cotton fabric were optimized. The colouring compounds were analysed in the extractions and dyed fabrics by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method coupled with a photodiode array detector (RP-HPLC PAD). CIEL*a*b* spectrophotometer measured the colour characteristics of all the dyed fabrics. Scanning electron microscopy with e

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Chavan, R. B., and M. Hanif Langer. "Sublimation Transfer Printing of Polyester/Cotton Blends." Textile Research Journal 58, no. 1 (1988): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758805800108.

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Sublimation transfer printing of polyester is a well established technique. For successful transfer printing of PET/cotton blends, however, it is necessary to provide a suitable pretreatment to impart disperse dye affinity to the cotton component. This paper reports attempts to synthesize a crosslinking agent based on the reaction product of melamine formaldehyde/polyethylene glycol 200. The fabric was treated with this product by pad-dry application; curing and transfer printing were simultaneous. The performance of the synthesized product in terms of dye transfer, wash and light fastness, an

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