Journal articles: 'Cotton Pad'

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Morakotjinda, Pornpen, and Walaikorn Nitayaphat. "Dyeing Properties and Color Fastness of Cotton Fabrics Dyed with Uncaria Gambir Extract by the Padding Techniques." Key Engineering Materials 675-676 (January 2016): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.675-676.505.

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The pad dyeing offers the most economical and convenient method of dyeing cotton fabric. The energy and water consumptions are at the lowest, thus rendering it more eco friendly. The dyeing of cotton fabric was carried out with dye extraction from the uncaria gambir by using two padding techniques, namely the pad-batch and pad-cure techniques under different conditions. The effect of dyeing method and mordant on color strength and colorimetric parameters (L*, a*, b*, and ΔE) were evaluated. The color fastness to wash, light and perspiration after dyeing the cotton fabric treated with the mordant was determined according to AATCC test method. The study showed that the color strength (K/S) of the dyed cotton fabric using pad-cure method higher than those dyed cotton fabric using pad-batch method. Meta-mordanting showed increase dye uptake and color fastness of cotton fabrics.

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Tiku, Sufiyan Derbew. "Design and development of feminine reusable pad without pad holder." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 32, no. 2 (2019): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-09-2018-0116.

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Purpose Naturally women have menstruation cycle in permanent time that is once in a month, destroying eggs and leaving the body in the form of bad blood. Girls begin their periods between the ages of 10–18. The average age is 13. Through the ages women have used different forms of menstrual protection. Women often used strips of folded old cloth (rags) to catch their menstrual blood. This old cloth is not recommended for health; in these cases, infection in the body is not friendly with the environment. By considering the above issues for women, the purpose of this paper is to design and develop a feminine reusable pad without a pad holder for economically challenged people around Ethiopian rural area where they live, well supported by the baseline survey and also with different technical tests of fabric and product in order to take care of women’s health-related issues. So a reusable pad is needed to hold off the blood, and it is necessary to change the reusable pad, at least three times a day in order to maintain proper hygiene. A proper reusable pad is made of cotton to absorb the blood, and sticker to stick the pad to the panties. Design/methodology/approach The reusable pad is developed with three different types of fabrics, forming three different layers of the product, such as 100 percent white knitted cotton, which is used as a top layer attached to the skin, which acts as an absorbing fluid and creates comfort to the wearer, polywadding (non-woven) fabric is used at the middle layer, which is mainly used for absorbent purposes, easily washable, and retains cotton fabric shapes from deformation, and water-repellent fabric is used as the lower layer, which acts as a resistant for the blood to prevent from seepage. Findings This new product is developed free from different harmful chemicals and easily available in the market, and it also has good air permeability, good water absorption, comfort, cost affordable, has the best tensile strength, high capacity to hold liquid, best water repellent, and many more features. With the help of this new product, which is aimed at the middle-/lower-middle class people, it gives a lot of benefits with respect to the cost and also takes care of women’s health with all the unique features. Originality/value This is the author’s original research work, which is focused on people who lived in a rural area and were economically challenged. The reusable pad is made up of three different fabrics, such as cotton, polywadding and water repellent. Each of the materials and designs to be used is of the author’s; if it is necessary you can cross-check with other works.

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Teng, Xiao Xu, Jian Wei Shi, and Shu Fen Zhang. "Research in the Cold Pad-Batch Dyeing Process for the Cationic Cotton." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 2145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.2145.

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Cotton fabrics pretreated with cationic polyacrylamide with quaternary ammonium group were dyed with three reactive dyes in the absence of salt by cold pad-batch dyeing method. The influences of various conditions in the dyeing process, including urea dosage, selection of alkali agent and its dosage, batching time and batching temperature on colour yield, were analyzed. Fastness properties of the dyed cotton and the dye penetration were investigated between the pretreated and untreated cotton. The results showed that the dyesK/Svalues of the pretreated cotton were improved compared with those of the untreated one, in addition, the penetration and fastness properties of the dyed cationic cotton were satisfied for application.

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Yu, Chengbing, Ziwei Xi, Yilin Lu, Kaixin Tao, and Zhong Yi. "K/S value prediction of cotton fabric using PSO-LSSVM." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 23-24 (2020): 2581–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517520924750.

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Cotton is one of the world’s most common natural clothing materials. It is dyed mainly using the exhaustion, cold pad-batch, and pad-dry-pad-steam dyeing methods. The K/S value, an important index for measuring the depth of color, of cotton fabric dyed with reactive dyes is greatly influenced by various factors of the dyeing process. In this study, three models were developed incorporating least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) to predict the K/S values of dyed cotton fabrics, while particle swarm optimization (PSO) was applied to optimize and tune the parameters of the LSSVM model (PSO-LSSVM). Model inputs include dye concentration and process conditions, which are both easily obtainable variables. The K/S values from the PSO-LSSVM model are consistent with actual measured K/S values of dyed cotton fabrics. Moreover, a comparison among PSO-LSSVM, LSSVM and back propagation neural network results shows the superiority of the PSO-LSSVM approach. Results of this work indicate that a PSO-LSSVM model is a powerful tool for predicting the K/S value in cotton fabric dyed with reactive dye and thus a means to improve production processes and reduce costs.

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Zhou, Chang-E., Chi-wai Kan, Chun-wah Marcus Yuen, Jukka Pekka Matinlinna, James Kit-hon Tsoi, and Qing Zhang. "Plasma treatment applied in the pad-dry-cure process for making rechargeable antimicrobial cotton fabric that inhibits S. Aureus." Textile Research Journal 86, no. 20 (2016): 2202–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517515622147.

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In this paper, variables in an environmentally friendly rechargeable antimicrobial finishing process were studied. Cotton fabric was treated with nitrogen plasma after padding with 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH) when fabric was treated through the pad-dry-cure method, that is, pad-plasma-dry-cure. After that, fabric was chlorinated with sodium hypochlorite to impart antimicrobial property and function. An orthogonal array testing strategy was used in the finishing process for finding the optimum treatment condition. Ultraviolet spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed to evaluate the properties of treated cotton fabric, including concentration of chlorine on cotton fabric, morphological properties of the surface of cotton fabric and function groups on the cotton fabric. The results showed that cotton fabric finished with DMH with the help of plasma treatment followed by chlorination inhibits microorganisms effectively, the antimicrobial property against Staphylococcus (S.) aureus was rechargeable and durability of antimicrobial property was improved by plasma treatment.

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Hernhow, Panuwat, Potjanart Suwanruji, Thitinun Karpkird та Jantip Suesat. "Dyeing and Fastness Properties of Natural Dyes on Cotton Grafted with Monochlorotriazine-β-Cyclodextrin". Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (грудень 2012): 590–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.590.

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The main goal of this work was to study the possibility of improving the natural dye uptake and their fastness properties on cotton fabrics by the application of monochlorotriazine-β- cyclodextrin (MCT-β-CD). Hence, MCT-β-CD was synthesized, characterized, and grafted on cotton fabrics via pad and cure method. The existence of MCT-β-CD on cotton fabrics was confirmed by nitrogen content (%N). Natural dyes used were colorants extracted from turmeric and cassumunar powders, and a commercial natural dye i.e. Natural Red Brown. The commercial one was water soluble whereas the extracted dyes were sparingly soluble in water. These natural dyes were applied on cotton by pad-dry method. The extracted dyes on MCT-β-CD treated cotton fabrics gave higher visual color yield (K/S) than the untreated ones. In contrast, a commercial natural dye exhibited lower color yield on the treated fabrics because of its water soluble nature. The color fastnesses of the natural dyes on the treated cotton fabrics were improved from the untreated cotton samples.

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Maheen, Ifrah, Muhammad Fahad Arain, Pardeep Kumar Gianchandani, Naveed Mengal, and Samander Ali Malik. "One-bath dyeing and antibacterial finishing of cotton fabric using reactive dye and silver chloride: a sustainable approach." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 43, no. 4 (2024): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.3239.

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One-bath dyeing and antibacterial finishing of cotton fabric using reactive dye as colorant and silver chloride (AgCl) as an antibacterial agent was conducted to streamline the process and enhance its economic efficiency. The effectiveness of the antibacterial agent in reactive dyeing of cotton fabric, was evaluated through exhaust method with 0.5% AgCl and continuous (pad dry cure) method with 5 g/l of AgCl, utilizing various dye concentrations (1%, 3%, 5% for exhaust; 1g/l, 3g/l, 5g/l for pad dry cure) according to a standard reactive dye recipe. Characterization of the one-bath dyed, and antibacterial finished cotton fabric was performed using K/S values to determine the optimal dye shade concentration and antibacterial activity was evaluated using agar diffusion method. It was observed that the exhaust method revealed an optimum dye concentration at (AgCl 0.5% and dye 5%), while pad dry cure method showedoptimal dye concentration at (AgCl 5g/l and dye 5g/l). Antibacterial tests were conducted on the optimal specimens from both methods (AgCl 0.5%, 0.2%, dye 0.5% for exhaust; dye 5g/l, AgCl 5g/l, 2g/l for pad dry cure), showcasing resistance against bacterial growth. While inhibition zones were observed on treated specimens of the exhaust method, whereas the treated specimens of the pad dry cure method exhibited complete resistance to bacterial growth around the specimen.

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Haji, Aminoddin, Reza Malek, and Firoozmehr Mazaheri. "Comparative study of exhaustion and pad-steam methods for improvement of handle, dye uptake and water absorption of polyester/cotton fabric." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 17, no. 3 (2011): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq101205022h.

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In this study, a pad-steam process for treatment of polyester/cotton fabric with sodium hydroxide is developed and the effects of process parameters on selected properties of the fabric are investigated. The results are compared with the conventional exhaustion process. Both processes improved the handle, dyeability and water absorption of the polyester/cotton fabric but the pad-steam process has the advantage of less strength loss of the fibers, less treatment time, less consumption of water and chemicals that make the process to be less hazardous to the environment.

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Sultana, Evana, Md Zewel Rana, Muhammad Shamim Al Mamun, et al. "Disodium EDTA-capped AuNP-engineered cotton pad as a colorimetric probe for formalin detection." RSC Advances 15, no. 13 (2025): 10442–52. https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ra00067j.

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Saputro, Agung Nugaraha Catur, Baki Mulyani, Nanik Dwi Nurhayati, and Yunita Kurniawan. "Uji Kinerja Fotodegradasi Kain Terlapisi Komposit Nanosized Chitosan/TiO2 Terhadap Zat Warna Rhodamine B." Jurnal Kimia VALENSI 2, no. 1 (2016): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v2i1.3111.

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The coating of nanosized Chitosan/TiO2 composit on cotton fabrics substrate and its performance for dye of Rhodamine B was studied. Nanosized Chitosan/TiO2 composit coated on cotton fabrics was done by dip-coating method through pad-dry-cure technic. Cotton fabric thats was coated by nanosized Chitosan/TiO2 composit was characterized by SEM, XRD, and FTIR. Photodegradation Performance test of cotton fabric coated Nanosized Chitosan/TiO2 composit for dye of Rhodamine B was done under UV ray and sun ray. It was concluded that was cotton fabric coated nanosized Chitosan/TiO2 can decompose dye of Rhodamine B with UV ray more effective than sun ray. Keywords : Dip-coating, photodegradation, nanosized chitosan/TiO2, cotton fabric, rhodamine B DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v2i1.3083

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Jabli, Mahjoub, Mohamed Hassen V. Baouab, Mohamed Sadok Roudesli, and Aghleb Bartegi. "Adsorption of Acid Dyes from Aqueous Solution on a Chitosan-cotton Composite Material Prepared by a New Pad-dry Process." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 6, no. 3 (2011): 155892501100600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501100600301.

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In this paper, we developed a method that may be considered as an easy and economical way to prepare chitosan-cotton composite (CH-cotton) materials using an electrolytes-free pad-dry process in which the cure step was performed in an oven microwave to provide a cotton fabric with greatly enhanced affinity for acid dyes. Evidence of successful interaction between cotton and CH through formation of hydrogen bonding and/or ion dipole interactions was analysed by FTIR spectroscopy. Influence of cure time onto the weight per surface unit of samples has been studied and five CH-cotton composite materials with different %CH content (I-V) were prepared. Crosslinking of cellulosic chain molecules of cotton fiber through CH segments was confirmed by Wrinkle Recovery Angle (WRA) and Tensile properties measurements. CH-cotton samples were then tested as adsorbent of four acid dyes from no-electrolytes aqueous solution [Indigo Carmine (AB74), Acid Red 183 (AR183), Acid Blue 161 (AB161) and Acid Yellow 17 (AY17)]. Results were monitored using, reflectance spectro-colorimeter and spectrophotometer analyses. Data obtained with treated cotton showed better dye exhaustion than obtained with untreated one. The modelling of the adsorption isotherms was performed by Langmuir equation and the thermodynamic parameters were evaluated. Globally, the lack of affinity of cotton for acid dyes is widely overcome by the use of low %CH content ranging from 0.079 to 0.515

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Mongkholrattanasit, Rattanaphol, Charoon Klaichoi, Orawan Mudchiew, Nattaya Punrattanasin, Nuttanan Sasivatchutikool, and Nattadon Rungruangkitkrai. "Effect of Ferrous Sulfate to Improve UV-Protection Property of Cotton Fabric Dyed with Natural Indigo." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.418.

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In the present study, cotton fabric has been dyed with natural indigo (Indigofera tentoria) in absence and present ferrous sulfate mordant by using post-mordanting and pad-batch processes. It was observed that with an increase in the dye concentration, the ultraviolet (UV) protection factor (UPF) values good for the cotton fabric. Cotton fabrics dyed with natural indigo showed greenish-blue shade. The fastness properties ranged from good to very good, level. The results confirmed that natural dyes from natural indigo with ferrous sulfate have potential applications in fabric dyeing and in producing UV-protective cotton fabrics.

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He, Pengshuang, Chaohong Dong, Xiaoyan Chen, et al. "Flame Retardant Finishing and Dyeing of Cotton Fabric in One Bath." AATCC Journal of Research 7, no. 4 (2020): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.7.4.2.

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Flame resistant cotton fabric is usually dyed first, and is then treated with a flame retardant by the pad-dry-cure technique. In this research, cotton fabric was treated with 2-(2-aminoethyl hydrogen phosphite)-4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine (APDCT). APDCT contains s-triazine groups, which are the same used by reactive dyes. This process allows cotton fabric dyeing and flame retardant treatment to occur simultaneously, while decreasing treatment temperature, improving efficiency, and saving energy. Optimal treatment was determined by the percent dye uptake, fixation, and fabric flame resistance. The color fastness to rubbing of the treated cotton fabric was almost unchanged. The tensile strength of the treated cotton fabric was slightly reduced.

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Yu, Chengbing, Ziwei Xi, Yilin Lu, Kaixin Tao, and Zhong Yi. "LSSVM-based color prediction for cotton fabrics with reactive pad-dry-pad-steam dyeing." Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 199 (April 2020): 103956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2020.103956.

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Sharma, Manisha, B. Adhikari, and Koel Choudhury. "Development of cotton lap/cellulose pad substitute from jute." International Journal of Plastics Technology 18, no. 3 (2014): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12588-014-9090-z.

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Nakpathom, Monthon, Buppha Somboon та S. Changpradit. "Fragrant Finishing of Cotton Fabric Using β-Cyclodextrin". Advanced Materials Research 55-57 (серпень 2008): 909–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.909.

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The goal of the current research is the development of an approach that anchors b-cyclodextrin (b-CD) and vanillin fragrance to cotton fabrics simultaneously using traditional pad-dry-cure and pad-dry-batch processes. 2-hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin (HP-b-CD) was mixed with vanillin in water at room temperature and the resultant complex was then applied on the fabric with the use of two crosslinking agents, i.e. glyoxal and a commercial CIBA Knittex® FA CONC. The effects of the amount of HP-b-CD and the type of crosslinking agents on the amount of vanillin deposited on the fabric and its release rate were investigated using UV spectrophotometry.

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Wang, Li Ming, Ying Ding, Yong Shen, and Zai Sheng Cai. "Finishing Process of Modified Nano TiO₂ Photocatalyst on Cotton." Advanced Materials Research 441 (January 2012): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.320.

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A series of modified nanoTiO2 photocatalysts, nanoPC, was applied to cotton fabrics through a pad-dry-cure process. The effect of nanoPC dosage, the ratio of nanoPC to crosslinking agent, and curing conditions on the degradation of formaldehyde were discussed. The optimal finishing process of cotton fabric with nanoPC was determined as follows: 1%~1.5% photocatalyst, curing at 130°C for 5 minutes. Cotton fabric treated with the above process demonstrated over 90% degradation of formaldehyde, good washing fastness and soft handle, as well as little loss in breaking strength, tearing strength and polymerization degree.

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Xu, Yun Hui, and Li Chen. "Characterization on Aggregating Structure of Aloe Extract Crosslinked Cotton Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 1132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.1132.

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For exploiting the multifunctional ecological cotton textile products and developing the green modified technology for cotton fabrics, a novel cotton fabric with aloe extract crosslinking was prepared using citric acid as a crosslink agent under the pad-dry-cure procedure. Scanning electron microscopic photographs showed that the modification with aloe extract occurred on the surface of cotton fabric. FT-IR spectra of the modified fabric illuminated that aloe extract crosslinked with cotton fabric through the bridge linkage of citric acid after a series of reaction. The wide angle X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the crystallinity of aloe extract modified cotton fabric slightly decreased. Furthermore, the changes in the aggregating structure and crystallinity were also reflected in the mechanical property studies of these modified fabrics. After treatment by aloe extract, the breaking strength and elongation of cotton fabric decreased. However, the moisture regain of the modified cotton fabric increased. The results obtained are useful in explaining structure-property correlations with respect to the aggregating structure and crystallinity, and suggest valuable information in planning applications for the aloe extract modified cotton textile products.

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Li, Zheng Rong, Wei Ping Tu, Ke Jie Fu, and Jie Zou. "Synthesis and Application of a Novel Polymer as an Antimicrobial and Water and Oil Repellent Finishing Agent for Cotton." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 1210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.1210.

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A novel polymer APFC containing quaternary ammonium and perfluoroalkyl groups was designed and prepared by emulsion polymerization using interfacial redox initiator system, the average size of the emulsion particles was about 103nm, APFC was applied on cotton fabrics to show the antimicrobial activities and optimum water and oil repellency by a pad-dry-cure process, the water repellency scores and oil repellency ratings of the cotton fabrics finished with APFC can reach 100 and 6, respectively. We evaluated the efficacy of the antimicrobial activity of cotton fabric finished with APFC , the antimicrobial test result of the finished cotton fabric showed a 97.4% reduction in the number ofStaphylococcus aureus(ATCC6358) and a 90.5% reduction in the number ofEscherichia coli(ATCC8099).

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Zhang, Shu Hang, Hong Wei Li, and Le Lv. "Application of Poly2-Methyl Acrylate-N-Methyl Pyridinium Iodide in Salt-Free Dyeing of Reactive Dyes." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.547.

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Poly2-methyl acrylate-N-methyl pyridinium iodide (PMAMPI) was used as a new cationic agent to pretreat cotton with dip-pad-bake method. The pretreated cationic cotton showed electropositive in the process of dyeing with reactive dye. The thesis has studied the optimized process for salt-free dyeing conditions. In the optimized salt-free dyeing process, the cotton fabrics treated with PMAMPI showed a good performance compared to those in the process of traditional salt dyeing. The results showed that color yield and color fastness of the reactive dyes on the cationic cotton were satisfied. The three dyes with best color matching performance include reactive dark red WGE, reactive navy blue WTE and reactive golden yellow WRE.

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Xu, Yun Hui, and Yong Jin Deng. "Study on Preparation and Properties of Cotton Fabric Modified by Anthraquinone Extract from Aloe." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 2705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.2705.

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For improving wear properties of cotton fabric and exploiting ecological cotton textile with multifunction, cotton fabric was modified with anthraquinone extract of aloe. Aloe anthraquinone was fixed onto the surface of cotton fabric through the esterification crosslink of citric acid at high temperature using a pad-dry-cure process. The effects of citric acid concentration, catalyst concentration, aloe anthraquinone concentration and curing temperature on the treatment were mainly investigated. The optimized treating parameters for cotton fabric were obtained. The weight gain of modified fabric was significantly affected by the technical conditions. The breaking strength, moisture adsorption, wrinkle recovery angle, UV resistance and antibacterial properties of treated fabrics were respectively measured. The results showed that the wrinkle recovery angle of treated fabric markedly increased, whereas the breaking strength slightly decreased, and the moisture adsorption of fabrics kept almost unchanged. Additionally, the ultraviolet resistance and antibacterial property of modified cotton fabric became strong.

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Yang, Haizhen, Kuanjun Fang, Xiuming Liu, Yuqing Cai, and Fangfang An. "Effect of Cotton Cationization Using Copolymer Nanospheres on Ink-Jet Printing of Different Fabrics." Polymers 10, no. 11 (2018): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10111219.

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In this study, the cationic Poly[Styrene-Butyl acrylate-(P-vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride)] P(St-BA-VBT) nanospheres with N+(CH3)3 functional groups were successfully synthesized by soap-free emulsion polymerization and applied to different fabrics by pad-cure process. After the pad-cure process, the nanospheres were deposited on the surface of the modified cotton fibers successfully without forming a continuous film structure. The X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results demonstrated that P(St-BA-VBT) nanospheres were adsorbed on the surface of cotton fibers successfully. The excellent color strength value and outline sharpness of the plain, twill, and honeycomb fabrics can be achieved when the nanosphere concentration, sodium bicarbonate, and steaming time were 1 g/L, 10 g/L, and 6 min, respectively. The plain fabrics exhibited the smallest color strength (K/S) values and the best outline sharpness, followed by twill and honeycomb fabrics, which displayed the largest K/S values and the worst outline sharpness after the same treatment. Besides, all the three fabrics showed excellent rubbing fastness and washing fastness. The cationic P(St-BA-VBT) nanospheres modification of the cotton fabrics provides a novel potential approach to obtain good printing efficiency without affecting the tensile breaking strength of cotton fabrics significantly.

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Dong, Chaohong, Zhou Lu, Ping Zhu, Lei Wang, and Fengjun Zhang. "Synthesis and Application of a Novel Modified Polysiloxane Polymer with High Reaction Activity as Water Repellent Agent for Cotton Fabrics." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 10, no. 2 (2015): 155892501501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501501000220.

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A novel poly(4-iodobutoxylmethylsiloxane) (PIBMS) water repellent with high reaction activity was synthesized using poly(hydromethylsiloxane) (PHMS), methyl iodide (MeI) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the presence of a catalytic amount of PdCl2. The new chemical active group of PIBMS could covalently bond to the cotton fabric. It is conducive to improve the washability of treated cotton fabric. The structure of PIBMS was confirmed by the FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra. The PIBMS was applied onto cotton fabric by a pad-dry-cure process. PIBMS was applied to cotton fabrics and the effect of the process parameters on water repellent performance was studied. The morphology of PIBMS polymer film on the cotton fabric was investigated by SEM. The water repellency of treated cotton fabrics before and after vigorous washes was compared. The results show that the water repellent grade of cotton fabric treated with PIBMS was 90. The contact angle of the treated cotton fabric was 136.94°, which was higher than that of the untreated cotton fabric. The water repellent grade of treated cotton fabric was still as high as 80 after 20 times washing. The tear strength and the tensile strength of cotton fabric significantly increased after PIBMS treatment. The air permeability and the water vapor permeability of treated cotton fabric were slightly lower than those of untreated cotton fabrics.

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Gashti, Mazeyar Parvinzadeh, and Shima Eslami. "A robust method for producing electromagnetic shielding cellulose via iron oxide pillared clay coating under ultraviolet irradiation." Functional Materials Letters 08, no. 06 (2015): 1550073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604715500733.

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We successfully immobilized Fe-pillared clay ( Fe -PILC) nanoparticles on a cotton surface via the pad-dry method and achieved cross-linking under ultraviolet irradiation. We investigated the influence of Fe -PILC concentration on the surface morphology, optical and electromagnetic (EM) shielding properties using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, reflectance spectrophotometry and EM field detector. We demonstrated a simple and versatile method for coating highly absorbent EM shielding nanocomposites on cotton.

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Dobur, Ersin, Bekir Boyacı, and Sadiye İnceoğlu. "Reusable Sanitary Pad." Orclever Proceedings of Research and Development 1, no. 1 (2022): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.56038/oprd.v1i1.183.

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Feminine hygiene products are described personal care products that are used by women to manage menstruation and to maintain menstrual health. One of the most preferred feminine hygiene products is sanitary pads. Sanitary pad is a thin pad made of absorbent material that comprises numerous layers of quilted cotton fabric or other super absorbent polymers and plastics. Soft touch, dry feel, odourless, leakproof and antibacterial properties are the expectations from a sanitary pad. Considering these expectations, in order to replace with the disposable (single use) ones we have developed a reusable sanitary pad with wings that all individual layers of fabrics are designed and produced. Drying time, pilling resistance, thermal and water vapour resistance, air permeability, dimensional stability, hydrostatic pressure, tensile strength, tear strength, phenolic yellowing, pH level, bursting strength, thickness, mass per unit area tests are carried out. According to market outlook reports the total sales of reusable sanitary pads represent ~5%- 10% of the global health and personal care market. Disposable (single use) sanitary pads end up with landfilling and disposal by incineration and cause environmental pollution. From the perspective of woman health, equality of opportunity, sustainability and environmental health concerns it is concluded that reusable pads are a sustainable alternative for the disposable (single use) ones.

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Ratnapandian, Saminathan, Stanley MacArthur Fergusson, and Lijing Wang. "Application of acacia natural dyes on cotton by pad dyeing." Fibers and Polymers 13, no. 2 (2012): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-012-0206-9.

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Jin, Jiarui, Kejun Feng, and Xiaohong Liu. "Enhanced photocatalytic degradation and UV protection properties of BiOCl nanosheets coating for cotton fabric." Functional Materials Letters 11, no. 03 (2018): 1850052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604718500522.

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BiOCl nanosheets were prepared through a simple solvothermal method. The obtained BiOCl nanosheets were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV spectroscopy. The average size of BiOCl nanosheets was 210[Formula: see text]nm. The BiOCl nanosheets were applied as a finishing agent for cotton fabric, which can give the UV protection and photocatalytic degradation of RhB properties to cotton fabric. We made four different concentrations of finishing agents to coat the fabric by pad-dry-cure method. Furthermore, the UPF ratting and photocatalytic degradation of RhB were conducted. The finished cotton fabric exhibited excellent UV protection and photocatalytic property.

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Li, Lin, Kaikai Ma, Yin Liu, et al. "Regenerablity and Stability of Antibacterial Cellulose Containing Triazine N-halamine." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 11, no. 1 (2016): 155892501601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501601100105.

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A reactive triazine derivative, 2,4-dichloro-6-hydroxy-1,3,5-triazine (DCHT), was prepared through the controlled hydrolysis of cyanuric chloride in water solution. The reaction was characterized with 13C NMR study. The reaction solutions could be directly used to treat cellulose fibers. A pad-dry-cure method was employed to immobilize the triazine derivative onto cotton. The covalently bound triazine moieties on cotton could be transformed into N-halamine structures after a chlorine bleaching treatment. The biocidal efficacies of the treated samples with different chlorine loadings were further examined. The storage and release testing showed that the antimicrobial function of the N-halamine modified cotton fabrics was durable and renewable. These advantages make the triazine N-halamine modified cotton as an attractive candidate in a broad range of application fields.

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Komarova, K. V., N. N. Ratkina, and V. K. Polenichkin. "The method of assessment of salivary glands secretory function." Kazan medical journal 94, no. 2 (2013): 245–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1597.

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Aim. To develop a method for the assessment of the secretory function of salivary glands. Methods. BK-300.1 («MASSA-K», Russia) weighting machine (presicion ±0,01 g), two standard cotton swabs and two absorbent dental pads «Dry Tips» («Mölnlycke Health Care», Sweden) were used for the assessment of the secretory function of salivary glands. Each absorbent pad and cotton swabs were weighted before the procedure. The examination was performed at morning hours on a fasting patient seated on a dentist’s chair without salivation stimulation. Absorbent pads were placed on the buccal mucosa with parotid orifice at the centre of the pad. Absorbent pads and cotton swabs soaked with saliva were re-weighted after 5 minutes. The examination was repeated thrice at different visits, the mean weight of saliva from major salivary glands was calculated. Salivary function of submandibular and sublingual salivary glands was also assessed. Saliva weight was assessed for each parotid gland separately. Results. The advantages of the offered method are: ease of use, opportunity to assess each parotid, submandibular and sublingual gland separately, express evaluation, good tolerance. Conclusion. The developed method allows to get the precise result and to assess the secretory function of salivary glands accurately.

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BOONROENG, Supannee, and Piyaporn KAMPEERAPAPPUN. "Dyeing of curcumin and durable press finishing with citric acid on cotton fabric using one step process." Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals 32, no. 4 (2022): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v32i4.1548.

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Cotton is an affordable and durable option for clothing. However, cotton garments tend to wrinkle easily. Therefore, cotton fabrics were studied to improve their wrinkle resistance properties. In this work, curcumin was mixed in an aqueous solution of citric acid and its catalyst and applied to cotton fabric using pad-dry-cure process for both the dyeing and finishing properties. Aloe vera extract and chitosan were used to compare for the reaction of their functional groups with carboxyl groups of citric acid on cotton fabrics. The mixture of curcumin and citric acid solution showed anti-wrinkle properties on the treated cotton. There were no functional groups of curcumin detected on the FTIR spectrum of the fabric. Furthermore, acetyl group of chitosan and methyl in acetyl group of aloe vera extract were found on the spectra of the fabrics treated with each compound. It was also found that the treated fabric showed good UV protection properties and good antibacterial gram-positive properties. This fabric has physical potential to be used for healthcare, hygiene and medical textile products.

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Xing, Tie Ling, Jie Liu, Guo Qiang Chen, Jia Yong Sheng, Dao Quan Sun, and Zhong Li Chen. "Study on Finishing of Cotton Fabric by Sericin and its Properties." Advanced Materials Research 175-176 (January 2011): 624–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.175-176.624.

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In order to take the advantage of the specific property of sericin to improve wear property of cotton fabric, cotton fabric was finished with sericin. Sericin was fixed onto the surface of cotton fabric in the presence of poly-carboxylic acids (CA and BTCA) at high temperature using a pad-dry-cure process. The effects of catalyst concentration, pH value, curing temperature and curing time on the finish were investigated. The optimized finishing conditions for cotton fabric were obtained. The weight gain of treated fabric with BTCA as crosslinking agent was higher than CA. The whiteness, breaking strength, moisture regain, permeability to gas and crease recovery properties of treated fabrics were measured. The results showed that wrinkle recovery angle evidently increased, and the wrinkle recover angle of BTCA combined secrin treated fabric was higher than CA. The breaking strength, moisture regain and whiteness of the treated fabric slightly decreased, the permeability to gas of cotton fabrics were not changed.

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Kadınkız, Naz, Ayçin Asma, Gizem Demirel, Humayun Kabir, and Muhammet Uzun. "A comparative study on dyeing capability of conventional and organic cotton fabrics." Tekstilna industrija 71, no. 2 (2023): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tekstind2302047k.

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Cotton fiber, which is the most widely used natural fiber in the textile and paper industries, has a crucial environmental impact. Cultivation of conventional cotton consumes a lot of water and requires the usage of a higher amount of pesticides. Organic cotton is a more environmentally friendly alternative to its growing conditions. The characteristics of cotton change with the differences in growing conditions. In this study, the properties of yarns obtained from both conventionally and organically grown cotton were tested and analyzed. The properties of these yarns in the fabric structure were compared in terms of fabric performance. The produced fabrics were dyed in the cold-pad batch method with 5 different colors of reactive dyes, which are the most demanding colors in the ready-made garment industry. The physical properties and the fastness test results of the dyed organic and conventional cotton fabrics were investigated in detail to highlight the plant growing effects on the fabric behavior. Comparative color analysis and evaluation of the fabrics were made to discuss the performance of the fabrics. It is found that organically grown cotton is not only superior in quality but also has no negative eff ECT on fabric properties.

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Shan, Bin, Wei Xiong, and Shufen Zhang. "Dyeing Method and Properties of a Novel Blue Azo-Anthraquinone Reactive Dye on Cotton." Molecules 24, no. 7 (2019): 1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071334.

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A novel blue azo-anthraquinone reactive dye was evaluated in the dyeing of cotton by using a dip–pad–steam process. Dyeing method and properties were examined in detail and the results showed that the dyeing method consisting of dye concentration of 25 g/L, sodium carbonate of 12 g/L, dipping time of 3 min and steaming time of 30 min was the most effective when a conventional “one-dip–one-nip” process was used. The fixation of the dyes on cotton could reach up to 93.4%, the wash and rub fastness both reached grade 4 above, and the light fastness reached grade 4–5 above. Such colored cotton showed very close colorimetric properties.

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Wang, Yun Li, Jun Chen, Shan Cheng, Zong Li Mao, Ming Min Dong, and Wei Lin Xu. "Research on Anti-Creasing Properties of 100% Cotton Yarns." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 2291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.2291.

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Durable press (DP) finishing is the common process to impart anti-creasing properties to cotton fabrics. Conventionally, the whole fabric was treated by pad-dry-cure (PDC) process in one treating bath. However, this process led to the serious loss of the cotton fabrics in mechanical properties. In this work, the cotton yarns were treated with DP finishing solution. And subsequently, they were dried and cured in a certain temperature. The wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) of yarns was measured. The relationship between the treating process and WRA was studied. The affecting parameters on WRA were acquired by experiment. This work provides basic data for people to know and understand the role of anti-creasing yarns in the whole fabric.

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Feng, Yajuan, Daikun Li, Fengxiu Zhang, and Guangxian Zhang. "A novel reactive anti-ultraviolet finishing of cotton fabric based on N-dihydroxy ethylene cyanoguanidine." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 14 (2016): 1722–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516658515.

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This study reports a novel ultraviolet (UV) absorber, N-dihydroxy ethylene cyanoguanidine (NDEC), which was synthesized from dicyandiamide and glyoxal. The NDEC compound was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance. NDEC was grafted onto cotton fabric through covalent bonding by the pad–dry cure method. The optimal finishing conditions were that the mass concentration of NDEC was 5 g/L, baking time 240 s and temperature 140℃. The UPF value of cotton fabric treated under optimal finishing conditions reached 50+ and was minimally reduced (to 47) after 50 laundry cycles. The breaking strength and thermostability of the original cotton fabric were preserved after treatment. Successful grafting of – C≡N and –C=N groups onto the treated fabric was confirmed in the Fourier-transform infrared spectrum. Meanwhile, the finished cotton fiber remained smooth, as confirmed by scanning electronic microscopy.

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HOLKAR, HARSHAL, SHASHWAT NARAYAN, JAVED SHEIKH, and NAGENDER SINGH. "SIMULTANEOUS DYEING AND FINISHING OF COTTON FABRICS USING RED OCHER EARTH PIGMENT." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 59, no. 3-4 (2025): 433–40. https://doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2025.59.38.

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A novel approach to the pad-dry cure method was employed to prepare concurrently dyed and finished cotton samples. The innovative approach integrates a layer-by-layer pigment dyeing procedure for obtaining varying shades of Red Ocher (RO) and functionalities on dyed cotton. Following the dyeing process, advanced characterization techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), were employed to confirm the presence of RO and its effect on the fabric. The findings of this unique study indicated exceptional UV protection factors, laundering, and light fastness of dyed cotton. Additionally, an observable trend emerged, indicating an increase in thermal resistance with an augmented number of padded layers, while conversely, a decrease in thermal conductivity was observed. These insightful and novel findings offer exciting opportunities for broader thermal insulation cotton textile applications distinguished by outstanding UV protection and color retention.

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Yu, Chengbing, Kaiqin Shi, Jinyan Ning, et al. "Preparation and Application of Fluorine-Free Finishing Agent with Excellent Water Repellency for Cotton Fabric." Polymers 13, no. 17 (2021): 2980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172980.

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Water repellent is an important functional finish for cotton fabric. However, cotton fabrics often have poor washing resistance and other performances after actual finishing. In this study, based on the structural characteristics of cotton fiber and durability of water repellent, a cross-linked amino long-chain alkyl polysiloxane (CAHPS) was first prepared, and then reacted with modified silica. Finally, a chemically bonded organic–inorganic nanohybrid cross-linked polysiloxane (rSiO2–CAHPS) was fabricated. Furthermore, the rSiO2–CAHPS was emulsified to obtain a durable fluorine-free water repellent. The water repellent finishing for cotton fabric was carried out by the pad–dry–cure process. After finishing, the cotton fabric had good resistance to conventional liquids and excellent washing resistance, and still maintained good water repellency after 30 rounds of soaping. Moreover, properties including air permeability, mechanical property and whiteness are hardly affected after finishing. SEM and XPS characterization show that a layer of dense silicon film is formed on the surface of cotton fabric by rSiO2–CAHPS water repellent. The existence of nanosilica can improve the surface roughness of cotton fibers. The synergistic effect of fiber matrix, nanoparticles and CAHPS endows the fabric with a micro/nano-multi-scale micro-rough structure, which improves the water repellency of cotton fabric after water repellent finishing.

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Islam, Md Shariful, Shaikh Md Mominul Alam, and Shaharia Ahmed. "Attaining Optimum Values of Colourfastness Properties of Sustainable Dyes on Cotton Fabrics." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 28, no. 6(144) (2020): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3806.

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The aim of this research was to identify optimum values of the colorfastness properties of sustainable dyes on cotton fabrics. Sustainable dyes are ecofriendly, biodegradable, economical and easily attainable from natural sources. The findings of this research established that good colourfastness properties of cellulosic fibres could be obtained using sustainable natural dyes. Experiments were carried out on 100% cotton voile fabrics of plain weave using four types of natural dyes: strawberry dye, beetroot dye, rose dye and China rose dye. Strawberry dye reacted with the cellulose of the cotton in an alkaline condition to form a stable covalent bond amid the dye and cellulose and showed outstanding colour fastness properties. The required experiments were conducted using the standard specified by ASTM and AATCC as stated in this paper. The colour strength properties, colour intensity properties, colour absorbency properties and colorfastness properties were investigated using a reflectance spectrophotometer and “Agilent Cary 630 FTIR Instrument” as stated in this paper. A sample dyeing machine – “Pad Dye Pad Steam” was used in this research to dye the cotton fabrics with sustainable natural dyes. The colorfastness properties were investigated using grey scale test results, and the colour strength and absorbency properties were tested using the spectrophotometer and FTIR instruments. The peak values of the FTIR instrument guaranteed the existence of the colourant or chromophore present in the dyestuffs, and exposed the best colourfastness properties. The findings of this research could be beneficial to personnel involved in textile industries who are in charge of dyeing cotton fabrics with natural dyes as well as controlling their colourfastness properties and colour intensity properties.

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Tusief, Muhammad Qamar, Muhammad Saddique, Nabeel Amin, and Zahid Hussain. "The Effect of Wrinkle Recovery Finishes on Shrinkage of Cotton Fabric for Different Finish Applying Techniques." Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences 59, no. 3 (2016): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.phys.sci.59.3.2016.144.150.

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This research study was conducted to make wrinkle free fabric by applying formaldehyde free anti-wrinkle finishes like Texicil DC, Knittex RCT, Arkofix NEC, Arkofix ELF. In this effort, various concentrations of these finishes were used by adopting three different finish applying techniques (pad-dry technique, pad-dry-cure technique and pad-flash-cure technique) on pure cotton fabric in order to optimize their application for best manufacturing results in sense of the shrinkage ability of the fabric. After making quality test of the resulting fabric it was depicted that pad dry method of applying finish proved itself better as compared to other techniques adopted in this research, while the finish Arkofix ELF and Arkofix NECat concentration level of 120 g/L gave better results in respect of shrinkage of the fabric.

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Xu, Denghui, Xingbo Ma, Ping Zhu, and Zhiming Jiang. "A Novel Durable and Water-Soluble N-Halamine Precursor for Antibacterial Cellulose Fabrics." AATCC Journal of Research 7, no. 3 (2020): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.7.3.6.

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A novel, water-soluble N-halamine precursor based on s-triazine (2-(aminoethanesulfonic sodium salt)-4-(4-imino-2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidine)-6-monochloro-1,3,5-triazine, ATDT) was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR. The cotton fabrics were functionalized with ATDT through the traditional pad-dry-cure method, and optimal conditions were successfully obtained by measuring the active chlorine content. The antibacterial activity of ATDT-coated cotton fabrics was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7. As a result, 100% of bacteria could be inactivated within a brief contact time. Cell viability was also determined and the results showed that ATDT-modified cotton fabrics had good cytocompatibility to mammalian cells. In addition, the preparation process had little effect on the tensile strength and whiteness of cotton fabrics, although the air permeability showed a slight decrease. The chlorinated ATDT-coated fabrics showed excellent stability against storage and washing.

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Song, Wan-Meng, Li-Yao Zhang, Ping Li, and Yun Liu. "High-Efficient Flame-Retardant Finishing of Cotton Fabrics Based on Phytic Acid." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (2023): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021093.

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In this study, an efficient phosphorus-containing flame retardant, PAPBTCA, was synthesized from phytic acid, pentaerythritol, and 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid, and its structure was characterized. PAPBTCA was finished on cotton fabrics by the pad-dry-curing process, and the flame retardancy, flame-retardant durability, and wrinkle resistance of the obtained flame-retardant fabrics were investigated. It should be noted that the heat release rate value of the flame-retardant cotton fabrics treated with 200 g/L PAPBTCA decreased by 90% and its excellent flame retardancy was maintained after 5 washing cycles. Meanwhile, the wrinkle resistance of flame-retardant cotton fabrics has been significantly improved. In addition, compared with the control, the breaking force loss of PAPBTCA-200 in the warp and weft directions was 24% and 21%, respectively. This study provides a new way to utilize natural phosphorus-based flame retardants to establish multifunctional finishing for cotton fabrics.

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SHAHIDI, SHEILA, VAHID GHOBADIFAR, SADAF POOYANDEH, and RATTANAPHOL MONGKHOLRATTANASIT. "Effects of chitosan on the metal absorption and UV protection properties of woven cotton fabric." Industria Textila 74, no. 04 (2023): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.074.04.202238.

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In this research, cotton fabrics were treated with carboxylated chitosan, loaded by the pad-dry-cure method for investigating the absorption of heavy metals and the Ultraviolet (UV) protection properties of fabric samples. For this purpose, chitosan-treated cotton fabrics were soaked in CuSO4 solution to investigate the rate of heavy metal absorption. The surface morphology of cotton fabrics was investigated using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Inductively coupled Plasma Spectroscopy (ICP) analysis was employed to examine the amount of heavy metals' absorption upon chitosan-treated cotton fabrics. Besides, reflection and transmission spectrophotometry analyses were used to examine the optical properties of cotton fabrics. The results show a noticeable increase in copper absorption by increasing the amount of chitosan. The maximum absorption of Cu belongs to the %6 chitosan-treated sample by 7357.6 PPM, equal to %7.35. The more concentration of chitosan in the fibre causes a higher rate of UV protection. Therefore, the chitosan-treated cotton fabrics examined in this work can be used for various water filtration purposes, notably to eliminate toxic metals. Also, It can be used as a wearable textile for protecting against harmful UV rays.

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Popescu, Vasilica, Marioara Petrea та Andrei Popescu. "Multifunctional Finishing of Cotton with Compounds Derived from MCT-β-CD and Quantification of Effects Using MLR Statistical Analysis". Polymers 13, № 3 (2021): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13030410.

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Multifunctionalization of cotton using a single product has not been made until now. Such a product was synthesized using compounds with multiple functions (glyoxal, ethylenediamine (ED) and monochlorotriazinyl-β–cyclodextrin (MCT-β-CD)), under different mass ratios. Obtaining this multifunctional derivative has been confirmed by spectroscopic analyses (1H-NMR and FTIR) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Treatment of cotton with the MCT-β-CD derivative (D-CD) has been realized with the pad dry-cure technology. The presence of this multifunctional derivative on cotton was highlighted with spectroscopic (FTIR, EDAX, XRD) and thermoanalytical (DSC) methods. The objective of treating cotton with D-CD was to achieve four simultaneous effects: large wrinkle recovery angle (WRA), hydrophilicity, antibacterial capacity and a good breaking resistance. This objective has been achieved, so the garments that will be manufactured with such multifunctional cotton will be more comfortable. The efficiency of treatments with D-CD was marked out by multiple linear regression (MLR) and certain quality indices. Using MLR, the behavior of the treated cotton was mathematically modeled and the stationary/optimal points corresponding to each effect were calculated. Quality indices have been calculated and all final samples had values higher than 1, which confirmed the positive effects exerted by D-CDs on cotton.

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Samanta, Ashis Kumar, Tapas Ranjan Kar, Asis Mukhopadhyay, Debashis Shome, and Adwaita Konar. "Eco-friendly salt-free reactive dyeing of cotton (muslin) fabric after cationization with amino acid from soya." Textile Research Journal 86, no. 20 (2016): 2179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517515621135.

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Bleached cotton fabric was chemically modified (cationized)with natural amino acids extract obtained by acid hydrolysis (6N HCL) from soya bean seed waste, adding MgCl2 as an acid donor in the pad-dry-calendaring process to investigate the changes in textile properties and its dyeability with reactive dye in both a conventional alkaline dye bath and salt-free acidic dye bath. This modified cotton incorporates new functional groups producing [Formula: see text] in acid bath to obtain cationized cotton, rendering it to eco-friendly salt-free reactive dyeing at acceptable shade depth without much sacrifice of other textile-related properties. Bi-functional high exhaustion-type reactive dye shows better dye uptake than mono-functional cold brand as well as hot brand reactive dye. Moreover, the application of a specific dye fixing agent further improves surface color depth ( K/ S) of the soya-modified cotton fabric. The study of surface morphology of said chemically modified cotton substrate indicates a higher degree of surface deposition, that is, more anchorage of soya extracted amino acids on cotton fabric. Chemical anchorage as per the reaction scheme postulated for such modifications is verified with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Finally, it is revealed that cotton treated with soya extract provides a new route of eco-friendly salt-free reactive dyeing with high exhaustion-type reactive dyes showing much higher dye uptake than the control cotton fabric.

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Zheng, Xiangjun, Xuecheng Cao, Kai Zeng, et al. "Cotton pad-derived large-area 3D N-doped graphene-like full carbon cathode with an O-rich functional group for flexible all solid Zn–air batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 22 (2020): 11202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta00014k.

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A flexible 3D N, O-doped graphene-like full carbon cathode has been synthesized with a cotton pad as a template via a scalable and one-step pyrolysis process, and can be directly used as an efficient air cathode for flexible all solid-state ZABs.

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Burkinshaw, S. M., and G. W. Collins. "Pad-Dry and Pad-Flash cure aftertreatments to improve the wash fastness of sulphur dyeings on cotton." Dyes and Pigments 33, no. 1 (1997): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-7208(96)00035-6.

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Moiz, Arsheen, Arun Vijayan, Rajiv Padhye, and Xin Wang. "Chemical and water protective surface on cotton fabric by pad-knife-pad coating of WPU-PDMS-TMS." Cellulose 23, no. 5 (2016): 3377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-016-1028-5.

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Yuan, Zeng-Wei, Ya-Nan Zhu, Jun-Kui Shi, Xin Liu, and Lei Huang. "Life-cycle assessment of continuous pad-dyeing technology for cotton fabrics." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 18, no. 3 (2012): 659–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-012-0470-3.

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Buyukakinci, Banu Yesim, and Recep Karadag. "Optimization of the natural dyes extraction (Madder and Wallonia oak) and Cotton Dyeing Using Microwave Irradiation." Textile & Leather Review 5 (September 21, 2022): 451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31881/tlr.2022.42.

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In this work, microwave irradiation was used to extract two dye plants (Quercus ithaburansis Decaisne and Rubia tinctorum L.) and to dye natural cotton. Using microwave (MW) energy, the extraction time for these plants and the dyeing time for organic cotton fabric were optimized. The colouring compounds were analysed in the extractions and dyed fabrics by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method coupled with a photodiode array detector (RP-HPLC PAD). CIEL*a*b* spectrophotometer measured the colour characteristics of all the dyed fabrics. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersion spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) was used to image the dyed organic cotton fabrics. The colouristic and colourfastness properties of the dyed fabrics were investigated. According to the test results, it has been determined that the 5 minutes of extraction and dyeing time using with microwave irradiation method is very eligible. During these processes, energy and timesavings were achieved by eco-friendly MW irradiation and minimized cotton damage.

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Chavan, R. B., and M. Hanif Langer. "Sublimation Transfer Printing of Polyester/Cotton Blends." Textile Research Journal 58, no. 1 (1988): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758805800108.

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Sublimation transfer printing of polyester is a well established technique. For successful transfer printing of PET/cotton blends, however, it is necessary to provide a suitable pretreatment to impart disperse dye affinity to the cotton component. This paper reports attempts to synthesize a crosslinking agent based on the reaction product of melamine formaldehyde/polyethylene glycol 200. The fabric was treated with this product by pad-dry application; curing and transfer printing were simultaneous. The performance of the synthesized product in terms of dye transfer, wash and light fastness, and its effect on physical properties of the transfer printed fabric was compared with the commercial melamine formaldehyde resin.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cotton Pad'

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