Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cotton plant and culture

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Academic literature on the topic 'Cotton plant and culture'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cotton plant and culture"

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SORO, Siofougowary Mariam, and N’guettia René YAO. "Effet de l’apport au sol de déchets issus de l’égrenage du coton graine sur l’humidité du sol et la production en coton graine au nord de la Côte d’Ivoire." Journal of Applied Biosciences 150 (June 30, 2020): 15477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/jabs.150.8.

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Objectif : Pour tenter de réduire les effets de ces changements climatiques sur les productions, un apport au sol avant les mises en place des cultures de 12 t/ha de déchets de coton graine ou de compost associé à la moitié de la dose d’engrais minéral recommandée (200 kg/ha de NPK + 50 kg/ha d’urée) a permis d’améliorer l’humidité du sol sans aucun effet sur l’eau utile du sol. L’apport de déchets de coton graine ou de compost a permis aussi d’améliorer le nombre de capsules par plante, le nombre de capsules mûres récoltées, la qualité sanitaire des capsules mûres et surtout le rendement en coton graine. Conclusion : L’apport de 12 tonnes/ha de déchets de coton graine associés à de l’engrais chimique à la dose de 100 kg/ha de NPK et 25 kg/ha d’urée constituent un niveau optimum d’utilisation des déchets de coton graine en coton culture. Mots clés : Déchets de Coton graine, Humidité du sol, Rendement du cotonnier, Côte d’Ivoire. Effect of ginned cotton-seed waste application to the ground on soil moisture and cotton yield in northern Côte d'Ivoire ABSTRACT Objective: In an attempt to reduce the effects of climate change on production, an application to the ground prior to the establishment of 12 t/ha of ginned seed cotton waste associated with half of the recommended mineral fertilizer dose (200 kg/ha of NPK + 50 kg/ha of urea) improved soil moisture without any effect on the soil available water capacity. The supply of seed cotton waste or compost has also improved the number of capsules/plant, the number of mature capsules harvested, the sanitary quality of mature capsules and, above all, the yield in seed cotton. Conclusion: The supply of 12 tons/ha of seed cotton waste associated with chemical fertilizer at the dose of 100 kg/ha of NPK and 25 kg/ha of urea constitutes an optimum level of use of cotton seed waste in cotton farming. Keywords: Seed Cotton Waste, Soil Moisture, Cotton Yield, Ivory Coast.
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Stelly, David M., D. W. Altman, R. J. Kohel, T. S. Rangan, and E. Commiskey. "Cytogenetic abnormalities of cotton somaclones from callus cultures." Genome 32, no. 5 (October 1, 1989): 762–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-509.

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Somaclonal variation occurs among regenerants from tissue culture of many plant species. Our objective was to determine whether cytogenetic variation contributes to somaclonal variation in cotton (Gossyptum hirsutum L.,2n = 4x = 52). Of 117 somaclones of cotton regenerated from 18-month-old callus cultures of 'SJ-2' and 'SJ-5' cultivars, 35 were analyzed for meiotic abnormalities. The population of somaclones was extremely varied in phenotype, most plants being strikingly aberrant in phenotype. Fertility was generally poor: 84% failed to set bolls and only 5% set 10 or more bolls in a field environment. Only one of the somaclones (3%) formed 26 bivalents at metaphase I. Fourteen were nonsynaptic to partially synaptic at metaphase I. Synaptic abnormalities impaired fertility and precluded thorough metaphase analysis. Chromosome numbers obtained for 32 plants ranged from 49 to 53, and only 1 plant was hyperaneuploid. No plant was polyploid. Chromosomal abnormalities in plants with normal metaphase pairing included univalents, unequal bivalents, rod bivalents, trivalents, open quadrivalents, and centric fragments. Seventeen hypoaneuploid plants formed a V-shaped trivalent at metaphase I, constituting a high frequency of tertiary monosomy. The high frequencies of aneuploidy and tertiary monosomy indicate that cytogenetic anomalies are a major source of somaclonal variation in cotton. It is hypothesized that (i) primary cytogenetic events during cotton cell culture give rise to breakage – fusion – bridge (BFB) cycles, (ii) BFB cycles accrue during culture, (iii) BFB cycles cause loss of chromatin, and (iv) BFB cycles are resolved by the formation of stable tertiary chromosomes with mono-centric activity. The hypothesis accounts mechanistically for the coincidence of chromatin deficiencies and chromatin exchange involved implicitly in tertiary monosomy, as well as for the relatively high frequency of tertiary monosomy among somaclones.Key words: aneuploid, monosomic, synaptic, sterility, Gossypium.
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George, F., D. Kerschen, A. Van Nuffel, J. F. Rees, and I. Donnay. "Plant protein hydrolysates (plant peptones) as substitutes for animal proteins in embryo culture medium." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 4 (2009): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd08147.

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The aim of the present study was to improve the sanitary quality of in vitro-produced bovine embryos by using plant protein hydrolysates (plant peptones) as substitutes for animal proteins. Peptones were compared with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the protein source in synthetic oviduct fluid medium and the quality of the resulting embryos was determined. Two batches of peptones (wheat and cotton) were selected on the basis of their anti-oxidant properties. When added to the culture medium, both peptones (at 0.56 mg mL–1 for cotton peptone and at 0.18 mg mL–1 for wheat peptone) led to similar developmental and hatching rates compared with 4 mg mL–1 BSA and embryos were equally resistant to freezing and able to elongate after transfer. Surprisingly, a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) content was observed when embryos were produced with plant peptone instead of BSA. Supplementation of the culture medium with precursors of GSH (cysteine and β-mercaptoethanol) significantly increased the GSH content. A shift of the sex ratio towards male embryos was seen for Day 8 embryos cultured with wheat peptone, whereas no shift was observed for embryos cultured in the presence of BSA or polyvinylpyrrolidone. In conclusion, culture with plant peptones enables embryos to be obtained at a similar rate and of similar quality to that seen following the use of BSA. The use of the plant peptones increased the sanitary quality of the embryos and decreased the cost of embryo production.
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Sissoko, Fagaye, Sidiki Diarra, and Mamadou Traore. "Le semis direct sous couverture végétale : une opportunité de mise en place rapide du cotonnier en culture pluviale au Mali." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 3 (June 18, 2020): 722–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i3.7.

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En zone soudano-sahélienne, la productivité des cultures est limitée par la disponibilité de l’eau et la fertilité des sols. Le cotonnier en est particulièrement affecté lors de sa culture L’objet de cette étude est d’évaluer l’effet du semis direct sous couverture végétale sur le rendement du cotonnier. Deux variétés de cotonnier (NTA MS334 et BRS 293) ont été utilisées pour comparer 6 systèmes de culture. Le dispositif statistique utilisé a été un Split plot. Les données collectées ont concerné les échantillons de sol, les délais de levée des cotonniers, les densités, les hauteurs, les nombres de capsules et les rendements en graine. La levée a été plus rapide dans les systèmes de culture en semis sous couverture végétale. La densité à la récolte des cinq systèmes en SCV a été de 65 076 plants ha-1 contre 60 564 en SC. Les systèmes de culture n’ont pas eu d’effets statistiquement significatifs sur les rendements en coton graine, mais une différence significative a été observée entre les deux variétés. Le SCV est possible en zone soudano-sahélienne, la levée est plus rapide et permet d’améliorer la densité et le rendement (2 452 kg ha-1 contre 2 373 kg ha-1 en SC) des cultures.Mots clés : Systèmes de culture, cotonnier, densité, capsules, rendement. English Title: Direct sowing under cover crop: an opportunity for rapid establishment of rainfed cotton in MaliIn Sudano-Sahelian zone, crop productivity is limited by water availability and soil fertility. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of direct sowing under cover crop on cotton yield. Two cotton varieties (NTA MS334 and BRS 293) were used to compare 6 cropping systems. The statistical design used was a split plot. The data collected concerned soil samples, cotton plant emergence times, densities, heights, number of bolls and cotton yields. Emergence was faster in seedling cropping systems under cover crop. Harvest density in the five SCV systems was 65 076 plants ha-1 versus 60 564 plants ha-1 in SC. The cropping systems had no statistically significant effect on seed cotton yields, but a significant difference was observed between the two varieties. SCV is possible in Sudano-Sahelian zone, emergence is faster and improves crop density and yield (2 452 kg ha-1 compared to 2 373 kg ha-1 in SC).Keywords: Cropping systems, cotton, density, bolls, yield
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Wang, Jian-Ying, Yu Cai, Jin-Ying Gou, Ying-Bo Mao, Yan-Hua Xu, Wei-Hong Jiang, and Xiao-Ya Chen. "VdNEP, an Elicitor from Verticillium dahliae, Induces Cotton Plant Wilting." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 8 (August 2004): 4989–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.8.4989-4995.2004.

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ABSTRACT Verticillium wilt is a vascular disease of cotton. The causal fungus, Verticillium dahliae, secretes elicitors in culture. We have generated ∼1,000 5′-terminal expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from a cultured mycelium of V. dahliae. A number of ESTs were found to encode proteins harboring putative signal peptides for secretion, and their cDNAs were isolated. Heterologous expression led to the identification of a protein with elicitor activities. This protein, named V. dahliae necrosis- and ethylene-inducing protein (VdNEP), is composed of 233 amino acids and has high sequence identities with fungal necrosis- and ethylene-inducing proteins. Infiltration of the bacterially expressed His-VdNEP into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves resulted in necrotic lesion formation. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the fusion protein also triggered production of reactive oxygen species and induced the expression of PR genes. When added into suspension cultured cells of cotton (Gossypium arboreum), the fusion protein elicited the biosynthesis of gossypol and related sesquiterpene phytoalexins at low concentrations, and it induced cell death at higher concentrations. On cotton cotyledons and leaves, His-VdNEP induced dehydration and wilting, similar to symptoms caused by a crude preparation of V. dahliae elicitors. Northern blotting showed a low level of VdNEP expression in the mycelium during culture. These data suggest that VdNEP is a wilt-inducing factor and that it participates in cotton-V. dahliae interactions.
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Saeed, Muhammad, Song Xianliang, Sun Xuezhen, and Muhammad Riaz. "Leaf cuticular wax content is involved in cotton leaf curl virus disease resistance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 16, no. 4 (January 8, 2019): e0705. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2018164-13085.

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Cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuVD) limits cotton production in many cotton growing countries of the world, including Pakistan. In the past, efforts were made to combat this disease by different approaches. Cuticular wax is reported to confer resistance to plants against various biotic and abiotic stresses. Present study was designed to assess the role of cuticular wax content (WC) to resist CLCuVD infestation. The WC of 42 cotton genotypes, originating from various countries (Pakistan, USA, China, etc.), was quantified during two culture periods (2015 & 2016). Cotton germplasm was also scored for % disease index (%DI), seed cotton yield (SCY), number of bolls/plant (NB), and plant height (PHt) for the same culture periods. Significant negative correlation between WC and %DI was found during the two years of experimentation. WC was found positively correlated with SCY and NB. Six cotton genotypes (A-7233, B-557, A-162, BLANCO-3363, CIM-473, and SLH-2010-11) did not show any signs of CLCuVD infestation during both 2015 and 2016. These cotton genotypes contained relatively higher WC. The results from analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that there were significant differences among genotypes for %DI, WC, SCY, NB, and PHt. These results indicated that WC was involved in resisting CLCuVD and it also had positive effect on plant growth and yield potential. On the basis of these findings, it was concluded that cuticular wax could be used as an indirect criterion for distinguishing and selecting resistant/susceptible cotton genotypes.
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Ibrahim, Mazen. "Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Chemical Constituents in Cotton/Alfalfa Mixed Culture." Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo) 63, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agri-2017-0006.

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Abstract A pot experiment was conducted to study the extent of changes occurring in the nutrients, chlorophyll and protein of plants grown in cotton/alfalfa mixed culture as affected by inoculation with indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The experiment consisted of mycorrhizal treatments (with and without AMF inoculation) and three planting patterns (cotton monoculture, alfalfa monoculture, cotton/alfalfa mixed culture). Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculum previously isolated from a rhizospheric soil of cotton, was a mixture of Glomus intraradices, G. viscosum, and G. mosseae. Results showed that total chlorophyll and protein concentrations, and nutrients content were higher in AM cotton plants compared with the non-AM control. Mixed culture had a positive effect on all the above parameters in cotton shoot. The highest values were noted in AM plants in the mixed culture. Improved chemicals and biochemical constituents in cotton led to an increase in dry matter production. The highest dry matter was observed in the AM mixed culture, and was significantly higher by 1.4 times than that of non-AM monoculture.
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Nadio, NA, EM Bokobana, KP Akantetou, P. Tozoou, W. Poutouli, K. Koba, K. Sanda, and C. Raynaud. "Efficacite des bioinsecticides a base de l’huile essentielle de Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) spreng contre les punaises rouges (Dysdercus voelkeri, schmidt) en culture cotonniere au Togo." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 21, no. 03 (May 5, 2021): 17727–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.98.20095.

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Currently, the fight against red bugs, a pest of the cotton plant, is limited to the use of synthetic chemical insecticides. Many of the products used are persistent and their high toxicity to human health and the environment is of concern. In the search for alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides, the aim of this research work was to evaluate the insecticidal potential of aqueous emulsions based on the essential oil of Cymbopogon schoenanthus(L.) against Dysdercus voelkeri, one of the redoubtable pests of cotton plant in Togo. Aqueous emulsions at different concentrations were used in phytosanitary treatments on cotton crop compared to vulgarized binary insecticides (lambdacyhalothrin/profenofos 15/300 gha-1and cypermethrin/acetamiprid 36/8 gha-1). D. voelkeri counts on target plants of each elementary plot revealed that the highest dose of the emulsion (6%) of C. schoenanthus essential oil and the control (vulgarized insecticide)were more effective with low bug population densities of 7.14± 1.46 and 4.86± 1.84 bugs/plant,respectively. On the contrary,the other doses (4 and 2%) of emulsions based on C. schoenanthus essential oil had in their plots respectively 39.57 ± 5.81 and 45.28 ± 3.92 bugs/plant and the control (55.71± 5.23 bugs/plant). Health analysis of the young cotton bolls that fell under the cotton plants revealed that the highest dose of the emulsion (6%) and the control reduced stings by 71.40 and 72.33 % respectively, compared to the control. Stings reduction rates in plots with treatments of 4 and 2% of the emulsion were low with rates of 55.32and22.83%,respectively. These results clearly show that the aqueous emulsion formulated and tested in the study can significantly reduce attacks of these pests. This study shows the possibility of using the essential oil of C. schoenanthus as a raw material in the formulation of biopesticide as an alternative to synthetic chemical insecticides in the control of cotton plant red bugs in Togo.
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Mehta, Y. R., and R. L. Brogin. "Phytotoxicity of a Culture Filtrate Produced by Stemphylium solani of Cotton." Plant Disease 84, no. 8 (August 2000): 838–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.8.838.

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Stemphylium solani, which causes a new leaf blight of cotton, was suspected of producing a phytotoxin. Studies were conducted to examine the relationship between the reaction of different cotton cultivars and of some unrelated host species to the pathogen and its toxin-containing culture filtrates. Seven single spore isolates of S. solani from cotton and their toxin-containing culture filtrates were used for leaf and root bioassays. An isolate of S. solani from tomato was also used for comparison. The phytotoxic effect was isolate dependent. Culture filtrates of five isolates killed 40 to 60% of the cotton seedlings when incubated for 4 days at 10-1 dilution. At 10-2 dilution, the culture filtrates of most of the isolates affected the development of the root system but failed to kill any seedling. The phytotoxic effect of the culture filtrate was not degraded by autoclaving. A high correlation coefficient between the percentage of the leaf area infected (LAI) by S. solani and the percentage of the necrotic leaf area (LAN) by the culture filtrate was observed when one of the aggressive isolates and its culture filtrate were tested against adult plants of 38 cotton cultivars (r = 0.86). Cultivars CNPA T-1180-23, CNPA-PRECOCE 2, PR 94-215, and PR 94-82 demonstrated resistance to the pathogen as well as insensitivity or moderate sensitivity to its toxin. Cultivars showing intermediate reaction to the pathogen also showed intermediate reaction to its culture filtrate. Similarly, the highly susceptible cultivars Paraná 3, PR 93-129, and PR 94-216 also were highly sensitive to the culture filtrate. Of the 18 plant species belonging to 18 genera, eight were susceptible to the pathogen. With two exceptions, susceptible hosts were also sensitive to the culture filtrate, whereas nonsusceptible hosts were insensitive. A component of the culture filtrate was regarded as a pathogenicity factor.
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Russell, CA, and IRP Fillery. "In situ 15N labelling of lupin below-ground biomass." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 7 (1996): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9961035.

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This paper describes the use of a cotton-wick method to enrich lupin plants with 15N. The method involved the insertion of a cotton thread through the stem and the submergence of the ends of the cotton thread in a solution of highly enriched 15N urea. The distribution of 15N in lupin plant components during pre-reproductive growth and pod filling. and in relation to the frequency of labelling, was determined. The recovery of applied 15N within plant tissues was close to 100% for lupins grown in solution culture, but 15N was not distributed between plant components in the proportions observed for total plant N. Stems and leaves were preferentially labelled with 15N irrespective of the phase of lupin growth when the 15N was applied. Pre-reproductive and mature lupin root biomass was depleted in 15N because of the poor assimilation of 15N within lupin nodules. More applied 15N was found in the root biomass of lupin plants that received fortnightly, compared with weekly, applications of 15N. The distribution of 15N between lupin components was reproducible when 15N-urea was wick-applied to plants of the same age. Recovery of 15N was incomplete when urea was fed to lupins grown in sand culture. Incomplete recovery of root material and loss of 15N associated with root exudates probably contributed to the lower recoveries of 15N in root material in sand compared with solution culture. The ability to manipulate the 15N solution concentration, the volume of solution fed to plants, time of application, and frequency of 15N application underscore the usefulness of the wick technique to label woody legumes with 15N.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cotton plant and culture"

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Saka, Kamel. "REGENERATION OF COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) CALLUS PROTOPLASTS TO MACROCALLI." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275376.

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Idso, Keith Edward 1969. "The recovery of physiological processes following irrigation of water-stressed extra long-staple cotton." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278091.

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In the southwestern United States, rising costs and limited availability of water have lead to irrigation scheduling based on plant stress indicators in an effort to conserve water. This research was conducted to better define the recovery rates of transpiration, stomatal resistance, and leaf water potential in field grown extra long staple cotton (Gossypium barbadense cv. Pima S-6) following varied durations of water stress. Three water stress treatments were maintained by scheduling irrigations at different Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) values. Plants irrigated at 0.19 and 0.68 CWSI units needed 72 hours for plant water potential to recover, while plants irrigated at 0.41 CWSI units needed only 24 hours. Water stress had a smaller effect on the recoveries of stomatal resistance and transpiration. Stomatal resistance recovered within 24 hours for all plants regardless of water treatment. Transpiration recovered within 24 hours for plants irrigated at 0.19 CWSI units, and within 48 hours for plants irrigated at 0.41 and 0.68 CWSI units.
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Bernardes, Alexandre Aparecido [UNESP]. "Identificação de doenças em folhas vegetais da cultura de algodão." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98670.

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A manifestação de patógenos nas plantações é a maior causadora de prejuízos nos mais diversos cultivares, podendo ocasionar o aumento dos preços e a perda da qualidade dos produtos cultivados. O quanto antes for identificada a doença, mais cedo é realizado o seu controle através de agrotóxicos, tendendo, dessa forma, a diminuir a sua proliferação e, consequentemente, evitando maiores danos. No entanto, muitas vezes, a inspeção visual dos sintomas apresentados pela ocorrência de patógenos em uma folha de planta, não é considerada o suficiente para avaliar e identificar o tipo de doença que está causando a lesão, sendo necessário, para o diagnóstico da doença, uma análise mais detalhada por um agrônomo ou por meio de um exame laboratorial a partir da amostra da doença. Neste contexto, este trabalho realizou a classificação automática de doenças do algodoeiro, a partir da extração de características dos sintomas foliares apresentados em imagens digitais. Utilizou-se para este processo, a energia da transformada wavelet para extração de características das imagens e para realizar a classificação foi utilizado a Máquina de Vetor de Suporte (MVS). Ao percorrer o sistema final de classificação, uma imagem pode ser classificada entre cinco tipos de diagnósticos diferentes, como sendo “Sadia” (SA), lesionada com as doenças Ramulária (RA), Mancha Angular (MA) e Mancha de Ascochyta (AS), ou identificada pertencente a nenhuma das classes
The expression of pathogens in the plantations is the leading cause of damage in several cultivars, which may cause higher prices and loss of quality of crops. The sooner the disease is identified, the sooner it is done through its control of pesticides, tending thus to reduce their proliferation and thus avoiding further damage. However, often the visual inspection of the symptoms presented by the occurrence of pathogens in a leaf, is not considered enough to assess and identify the type of disease that is causing the lesion, being necessary for the diagnosis of disease, a more detailed analysis by an agronomist or through a laboratory test sample from the disease. In this context, this paper carried the automatic classification of diseases of cotton, from the feature extraction of leaf symptoms presented in digital images. It was used for this process, the energy of wavelet transform to extract features from images and to perform the classification, we used the Support Vector Machine (SVM). By walking through the final system of classification, an image can be classified in five types of different diagnoses, as being Healthy (SA), with the injured Ramularia diseases (RA), Bacterial Blight (MA) and Ascochyta Blight (AS) or belonging to any of the identified classes
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Soares, Leonardo Cirilo da Silva. "Efeito de reguladores de crescimento (via tratamento de sementes e foliar) no desenvolvimento e na produtividade da cultura de algodão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-10022011-164159/.

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Com o objetivo geral de verificar o efeito do uso de reguladores de crescimento, via tratamento de sementes e foliar, sobre o desenvolvimento e a produtividade da cultura de algodão foram desenvolvidos cinco experimentos durante os anos de 2009 e 2010 (quatro desenvolvidos em Piracicaba, SP e o quinto em Pedra Preta, MT) com os seguintes objetivos específicos: (Experimento 1): verificar o efeito de dois reguladores de crescimento (cloreto de mepiquat associado ou não a ciclanilida) e doses (0,00+0,00; 1,60+0,40; 4,50+0,00 e 4,50+1,13 g de cloreto de mepiquat + ciclanilida por kg de sementes) sobre o desenvolvimento de diferentes cultivares de algodão (FMT-523, FMT-701, NuOpal, FM-993 e FM-910); (Experimento 2): verificar o efeito de diferentes reguladores de crescimento (cloreto de mepiquat associado ou não a ciclanilida) e doses (0,00+0,00; 0,75+0,19; 1,50+0,00; 1,50+0,38; 2,25+0,56; 3,00+0,00; 3,00+0,75; 3,75+0,94; 4,50+0,00 e 4,50+1,13 g de cloreto de mepiquat + ciclanilida por kg de sementes), aplicado via tratamento de sementes, sobre o desenvolvimento da cultura de algodão; (Experimento 3): verificar o efeito do uso do regulador de crescimento cloreto de mepiquat via tratamento de sementes (doses de 0,0 e 4,5 g de cloreto de mepiquat por kg de sementes), combinado com diferentes doses foliares (doses de 0, 63, 126 e 189 g.ha-1 de cloreto de mepiquat aplicadas em duas épocas, sendo a primeira aplicação: [1] em V4 - aplicação precoce - e [2] em B1 - aplicação padrão), no desenvolvimento e na produtividade da cultura de algodão; (Experimento 4): verificar o efeito do uso do regulador de crescimento cloreto de mepiquat via tratamento de sementes (doses de 0,0 e 4,5 g de cloreto de mepiquat por kg de sementes), combinado com diferentes doses foliares (0, 125, 250, 375 e 500 g.ha-1 de cloreto de mepiquat), na produtividade da cultura de algodão; e (Experimento 5): verificar o efeito de diferentes reguladores de crescimento (cloreto de mepiquat associado ou não a ciclanilida) e doses (0,00+0,00; 0,75+0,19; 1,13+0,00; 1,50+0,38; 2,25+0,00; 2,25+0,56; 3,00+0,75; 3,38+0,00; 3,75+0,94; 4,50+0,00 e 4,50+1,13 g de cloreto de mepiquat + ciclanilida por kg de sementes), aplicados via tratamento de sementes, no desenvolvimento da cultura de algodão. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que o uso do cloreto de mepiquat, via tratamento de sementes e foliar, interfere retardando o desenvolvimento e reduzindo o crescimento e a produtividade da cultura de algodão, e que a ciclanilida, via tratamento de sementes, potencializa o efeito do cloreto de mepiquat.
With the general purpose of verifying the growth regulators (applied by seed treatment and foliar) effect on cotton crop development and productivity five experiments were carried out during 2009 and 2010 (four in Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, and one in Pedra Preta, State of Mato Grosso) with the following specific objectives: (Experiment 1): verify the effect of two growth regulators (mepiquat chloride in association with cyclanilide) and doses (0.00+0.00, 1.60+0.40, 4.50+0.00 and 4.50+1.13 g of mepiquat chloride + cyclanilide per kg of seeds) on the development of different cultivars of cotton (FMT-523, FMT-701, NuOpal, FM-993 e FM-910); (Experiment 2): verify the effect of different growth regulators (mepiquat chloride in association with cyclanilide) and doses (0.00+0.00, 0.75+0.19, 1.50+0.00, 1.50+0.38, 2.25+0.56, 3.00+0.00, 3.00+0.75, 3.75+0.94, 4.50+0.00 and 4.50+1.13 g of mepiquat chloride + cyclanilide per kg of seeds), applied by seed treatment, on the crop cotton development; (Experiment 3): verify the effect of mepiquat chloride (growth regulator) by seed treatment (doses of 0.0 and 4.5 g of mepiquat chloride per kg of seeds), associated to different foliar doses (0, 63, 126 and 189 g.ha-1 of mepiquat chloride applied in two periods, being the first application: [1] in V4 - precocious application - and [2] in B1 - standard application), on the development and productivity of cotton crop; (Experiment 4): verify the effect of mepiquat chloride (growth regulator) by seed treatment (doses of 0.0 and 4.5 g of mepiquat chloride per kg of seeds), associated to different foliar doses (0, 125, 250, 375 and 500 g.ha-1 of mepiquat chloride), on the cotton crop productivity; and (Experiment 5): verify the effect of different growth regulators (mepiquat chloride in association with cyclanilide) and doses (0.00+0.00, 0.75+0.19, 1.13+0.00; 1.50+0.38, 2.25+0.00, 2.25+0.56, 3.00+0.75, 3.38+0.00, 3.75+0.94, 4.50+0.00 and 4.50+1.13 g of mepiquat chloride + cyclanilide per kg of seeds), applied by seed treatment, on the cotton crop development. According to the results, we conclude that the use of mepiquat chloride, by seed treatment and foliar, slows the development and reduces the growth and yield of cotton crop, and the cyclanilide, applied by seed treatment, enhances the negative effect of chloride mepiquat.
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Bernardes, Alexandre Aparecido. "Identificação de doenças em folhas vegetais da cultura de algodão /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98670.

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Orientador: Aledir Silveira Pereira
Banca: Adilson Gonzaga
Banca: Rodrigo Capobianco Guido
Resumo: A manifestação de patógenos nas plantações é a maior causadora de prejuízos nos mais diversos cultivares, podendo ocasionar o aumento dos preços e a perda da qualidade dos produtos cultivados. O quanto antes for identificada a doença, mais cedo é realizado o seu controle através de agrotóxicos, tendendo, dessa forma, a diminuir a sua proliferação e, consequentemente, evitando maiores danos. No entanto, muitas vezes, a inspeção visual dos sintomas apresentados pela ocorrência de patógenos em uma folha de planta, não é considerada o suficiente para avaliar e identificar o tipo de doença que está causando a lesão, sendo necessário, para o diagnóstico da doença, uma análise mais detalhada por um agrônomo ou por meio de um exame laboratorial a partir da amostra da doença. Neste contexto, este trabalho realizou a classificação automática de doenças do algodoeiro, a partir da extração de características dos sintomas foliares apresentados em imagens digitais. Utilizou-se para este processo, a energia da transformada wavelet para extração de características das imagens e para realizar a classificação foi utilizado a Máquina de Vetor de Suporte (MVS). Ao percorrer o sistema final de classificação, uma imagem pode ser classificada entre cinco tipos de diagnósticos diferentes, como sendo "Sadia" (SA), lesionada com as doenças Ramulária (RA), Mancha Angular (MA) e Mancha de Ascochyta (AS), ou identificada pertencente a nenhuma das classes
Abstract: The expression of pathogens in the plantations is the leading cause of damage in several cultivars, which may cause higher prices and loss of quality of crops. The sooner the disease is identified, the sooner it is done through its control of pesticides, tending thus to reduce their proliferation and thus avoiding further damage. However, often the visual inspection of the symptoms presented by the occurrence of pathogens in a leaf, is not considered enough to assess and identify the type of disease that is causing the lesion, being necessary for the diagnosis of disease, a more detailed analysis by an agronomist or through a laboratory test sample from the disease. In this context, this paper carried the automatic classification of diseases of cotton, from the feature extraction of leaf symptoms presented in digital images. It was used for this process, the energy of wavelet transform to extract features from images and to perform the classification, we used the Support Vector Machine (SVM). By walking through the final system of classification, an image can be classified in five types of different diagnoses, as being "Healthy" (SA), with the injured Ramularia diseases (RA), Bacterial Blight (MA) and Ascochyta Blight (AS) or belonging to any of the identified classes
Mestre
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Alejos, Marcos. "Transient Expression of BABY BOOM, WUSCHEL, and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS from Virus-Based Vectors in Cotton Explants: Can We Accelerate Somatic Embryogenesis to Improve Transformation Efficiency?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609070/.

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Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the world's most prominent fiber crop. Cotton transformation is labor intensive and time consuming, taking 12 to 18 months for rooted T0 plants. One rate limiting step is the necessary production of somatic embryos. In other recalcitrant species, ectopic expression of three genes were shown to promote somatic embryogenesis: WUSCHEL (WUS), SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM), and BABY BOOM (BBM). WUS is responsible for maintaining stem-cell fate in shoot and floral meristems. STM is needed to establish and maintain shoot meristems. STM and WUS have similar functions but work in different pathways; overexpression of both together converts somatic cells to meristematic and embryogenic fate. BBM encodes an AP2/ERF transcription factor that is expressed during embryogenesis and ectopic expression of BBM reprograms vegetative tissues to embryonic growth. In prior studies, these genes were constitutively expressed, and cultures did not progress beyond embryogenesis because the embryogenic signal was not turned off. In our study, we set out to use these genes to increase the efficiency of cotton transformation and decrease the time it takes to regenerate a plant. A disarmed cotton leaf crumple virus (dCLCrV) vector delivers WUS, STM, or BBM into cotton tissue cultures through Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection. We propose that virus delivery of embryo-inducing genes is a better approach for transformation because A) inserts more than 800 nucleotides are unstable, and will spontaneously inactivate, B) virus DNA can migrate through plasmodesmata to cells around the infected cell, creating a gradient of embryonic potential, C) the virus DNA does not pass through the germ line and the seed will not contain virus. We propose this method of inducing embryogenesis will facilitate the stable transformation of cotton and will be beneficial to the cotton industry. Ectopic expression of AtBBM, AtSTM, and AtWUS GrWUS:meGFP from a constitutive CaMV 35S promoter produced plants with phenotypes similar to those described in previous studies overexpressing AtBBM, indicating that the AtBBM gene was functional. The cotton cotyledon infiltration of the pART27 constructs showed transformed cells in Coker 312 by GFP localization in the nucleus. Although GFP was detected, no visible embryos appeared from the cotyledon. Cotyledons infiltrated with Agrobacterium harboring overexpression vectors withered and aborted after ~2 weeks. The virus-based vector in tissue culture failed to increase transformation efficiency, resulting in no embryos. The combination of hormone concentration showed no contribution to increasing the transformation efficiency.
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Wilson, F. D., and H. M. Flint. "Host Plant Resistance." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203923.

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Steger, A. J., J. C. Silvertooth, and P. W. Brown. "Timing Initial Post-plant Irrigation Based upon Plant-Water Status." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210292.

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A two year study was conducted to determine the optimum timing of the initial post plant irrigation using leaf water potential (LWP) measurements. A short - season Upland cotton (Gossvpium hirsutum L.), variety DPL 20, was planted on 19 April 1993 and 15 April 1994 at the Marana Agricultural Center on a Pima clay loam (Typic Torrifluvent) soil. Treatments, designated Tl , 72, and T3, were such that the initial post plant irrigation would be applied when the midday LWP of the uppermost, fully- developed leaf exposed to full sunlight measured -15, -19, and -23 bars, respectively. All treatments received the same irrigation regime following the initial post plant irrigation. Basic plant measurements, including plant height, mainstem node number, fruit retention, number of nodes above the uppermost white bloom, fresh bloom count within a 166 -ft1 area, and percent canopy cover, were taken weekly from each plot. Soil -water data was collected at 10 inch depth increments, to a depth of 60 in. , from access tubes located in each experimental unit. Yields were 1112, 1095, and 977 lbs lint/acre in 1993 and 1082, 1035, and 964 lbs lint /acre in 1994 for T1, 72, and T3, respectively. Yields were reduced when the midday LWP was allowed to fall below -19 bars, however, reduction was significant (P 5 0.05) only in 1993. At the time of the initial post plant irrigation for each treatment, approximately 83, 62, and 32 % of the total plant available water was present in the upper 60 in. of the soil profile for Ti, 72, and T3, respectively.
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Silvertooth, J. C., E. R. Norton, and S. W. Stedman. "Plant Population Evaluation for Upland Cotton." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/209589.

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Norton, E. R., J. C. Silvertooth, and S. W. Stedman. "Plant Population Evaluation for Upland Cotton." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210251.

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Plant population management is an important aspect of cotton production. Recommendations for optimum plant densities range from 25,000 - 45,000 plants per acre (ppa). A study was conducted in Pinal county in 1994 to evaluate the recommendations already given. Plant densities for this study ranged from approximately 18,000 - 65,000. Yields increased with populations of 18,000, 28,000, and 39,000 ppa. For populations of 43,000 and 65,000 ppa a corresponding decrease in yield from 39,000 ppa was observed. This study serves to reconfirm the recommendations for optimum plant densities.
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Books on the topic "Cotton plant and culture"

1

Schaefer, Lola M. Cotton plant to cotton shirt. Pelham, NY: Benchmark Education Co., 2001.

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Stewart, James McD. Physiology of Cotton. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2010.

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Collin, Hamish A. Plant cell culture. Oxford: BIOS Scientific Publishers, 1998.

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George, Edwin F. Plant culture media. Westbury,Wilts: Exegetics, 1987.

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D, Coleman J. O., and Kearns A, eds. Plant cell culture. London: BIOS Scientific Publishers, 2003.

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George, Edwin F. Plant culture media. Edington, Westbury, Wilts., England: Exegetics Limited, 1987.

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Thorpe, Trevor A., and Edward C. Yeung, eds. Plant Embryo Culture. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61737-988-8.

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Laimer, Margit, and Waltraud Rücker, eds. Plant Tissue Culture. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6040-4.

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Davey, Michael R., and Paul Anthony, eds. Plant Cell Culture. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470686522.

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Kumar, Sandeep. Plant tissue culture. Jabalpur: Tropical Forest Research Institute, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cotton plant and culture"

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Wu, J. Y., J. M. She, X. N. Cai, and Y. P. S. Bajaj. "Establishment of Callus Culture, Somatic Embryogenesis, and the Regeneration of Cotton Plants." In Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, 37–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80373-4_2.

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Banthorpe, D. V. "Santolina chamaecyparissus L. (Cotton Lavender): In Vitro Culture and the Production of Lower Terpenoids." In Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VII, 412–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-30369-6_25.

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Huisman, O. C., and D. W. Grimes. "Cultural Practices: The Effect of Plant Density and Irrigation Regimes on Verticillium Wilt of Cotton." In Vascular Wilt Diseases of Plants, 537–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73166-2_42.

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Zhixian, Chen, She Jianming, Wu Jingyin, Li Shujun, and Yue Jianxiong. "Plant Regeneration through Somatic Embryogenesis from Suspension Cultures Derived Protoplasts of 6 Cotton Cultivars (Gossypium Hirsutum L.)." In Biotechnology in Agriculture, 283–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1779-1_49.

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Starr, James L. "Cotton." In Plant and Nematode Interactions, 359–79. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr36.c17.

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Gorham, John, Andre Läuchli, and Eduardo O. Leidi. "Plant Responses to Salinity." In Physiology of Cotton, 129–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2_13.

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Heitholt, J. J., and G. F. Sassenrath-Cole. "Inter-Plant Competition: Growth Responses to Plant Density and Row Spacing." In Physiology of Cotton, 179–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2_17.

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Burke, John J., and Donald F. Wanjura. "Plant Responses to Temperature Extremes." In Physiology of Cotton, 123–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2_12.

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Sabbe†, Wayne E., and Steven C. Hodges. "Interpretation of Plant Mineral Status." In Physiology of Cotton, 265–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2_24.

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Karthikeyan, P. K., and R. Jayakumar. "Nitrogen and chlormequatchloride on cotton cultivar." In Plant Nutrition, 806–7. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_392.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cotton plant and culture"

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SONI, KAMLESH. "Modifying the AEG1 promoter from cotton to make it tapetum-specific: a step towards developing male sterile and restorer lines for hybrid seed production in cotton." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1369158.

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Wang, Tianyi, and J. Alex Thomasson. "Plant-by-plant level classifications of cotton root rot by UAV remote sensing." In Autonomous Air and Ground Sensing Systems for Agricultural Optimization and Phenotyping IV, edited by J. Alex Thomasson, Mac McKee, and Robert J. Moorhead. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2519394.

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"Measuring Cotton Plant Height Using High Resolution Aerial Images." In 2016 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20162460894.

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Kholliyev, Askar, Oltinbek Ramazonov, and Elbek Qodirov. "DRY RESISTANCE OF MEDIUM FIBER VARIETIES OF COTTON PLANT." In THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF MODERN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH. European Scientific Platform, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/logos-30.04.2021.v1.34.

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"Molecular analysis of BC1F1 and BC2F1 cotton hybrids using SSR markers." In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-022.

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Ruixiu Sui, Daniel K Fisher, and Krishna N Reddy. "Assessment of Cotton Plant Nitrogen Status and Yield Potential Using Plant Height Mapping System." In 2012 Dallas, Texas, July 29 - August 1, 2012. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.42181.

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Pedro Andrade-Sanchez and John T Heun. "Sensor-based estimation of cotton plant height: Potential for site-specific plant growth management." In 2013 Kansas City, Missouri, July 21 - July 24, 2013. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20131668472.

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"Introducing CGMS genes to the commercial and hopeful cotton cultivars of Iran." In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2019-146.

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Arias Gaguancela, Omar. "Fatty acid amide hydrolases (FAAHs) regulate growth and development in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1332306.

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Li, Ming-Feng, Jian-Qiang Zhu, and Zhen-Hui Jiang. "Plant Growth Regulators and Nutrition Applied to Cotton after Waterlogging." In 2013 Third International Conference on Intelligent System Design and Engineering Applications (ISDEA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isdea.2012.246.

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Reports on the topic "Cotton plant and culture"

1

Mort, A. (The structure of pectins from cotton suspension culture cell walls). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7003410.

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Mort, A. J. The structure of pectins from cotton suspension culture cell walls. Progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10104452.

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Scott, C. D., and D. K. Dougall. Plant cell tissue culture: A potential source of chemicals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5938126.

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Young, Craig. Problematic plant monitoring in Hopewell Culture National Historical Park: 2008–2019. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286658.

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Managers are challenged with the impact of problematic plants, including exotic, invasive, and pest plant species. Information on the cover and frequency of these plants is essential for developing risk-based approaches to managing these species. Based on surveys conducted in 2008, 2011, 2015, and 2019, Heartland Network staff and contractors identified a cumulative total of 51 potentially problematic plant species in Hopewell Culture National Historical Park. Of the 37 species found in 2019, we characterized 7 as very low frequency, 9 as low frequency, 17 as medium frequency, and 4 as high frequency. Of these, midpoint cover estimates of 2 medium frequency and 2 high frequency species exceeded the 10-acre threshold. Because of the number, extent, and cover of problematic plants in the park and the small park size, control efforts should focus on treating high priority species across the entire park. High priority species may include plant species capable of rapid spread, species at low population levels, and species which can effectively be controlled.
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N. Final Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact: Small-Scale Geothermal Power Plant and Direct-Use Geothermal Application at AmeriCulture Inc., Cotton City, NM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/823554.

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Navarro, Alexandra Navarro. Food and culture in Argentina: Perceptions of plant-based diets, stigmatization of veganism and current challenges of activism to reduce (and end) animal consumption. Tiny Beam Fund, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15868/socialsector.36571.

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Arnett, Clint, Justin Lange, Ashley Boyd, Martin Page, and Donald Cropek. Expression and secretion of active Moringa oleifera coagulant protein in Bacillus subtilis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41546.

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Cationic polypeptide proteins found in the seeds of the tropical plant Moringa oleifera have coagulation efficiencies similar to aluminum and ferric sulfates without their recalcitrant nature. Although these proteins possess great potential to augment or replace traditional coagulants in water treatment, harvesting active protein from seeds is laborious and not cost-effective. Here, we describe an alternative method to express and secrete active M. oleifera coagulant protein (MO) in Bacillus subtilis. A plasmid library containing the MO gene and 173 different types of secretory signal peptides was created and cloned into B. subtilis strain RIK1285. Fourteen of 440 clones screened were capable of secreting MO with yields ranging from 55 to 122 mg/L of growth medium. The coagulant activity of the highest MO secreting clone was evaluated when grown on Luria broth, and cell-free medium from the culture was shown to reduce turbidity in a buffered kaolin suspension by approximately 90% compared with controls without the MO gene. The clone was also capable of secreting active MO when grown on a defined synthetic wastewater supplemented with 0.5% tryptone. Cell-free medium from the strain harboring the MO gene demonstrated more than a 2-fold reduction in turbidity compared with controls. Additionally, no significant amount of MO was observed without the addition of the synthetic wastewater, suggesting that it served as a source of nutrients for the effective expression and translocation of MO into the medium.
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The structure of pectins from cotton suspension culture cell walls, Final report, 4/1/93-3/31/96. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/486590.

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Plant Protection and Quarantine: Helping U.S. Agriculture Thrive--Across the Country and Around the World, 2016 Annual Report. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.7207241.aphis.

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For Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) and our partners, 2016 was a year of remarkable successes. Not only did we eradicate 10 fruit fly outbreaks, but we also achieved 4 years with zero detections of pink bollworm, moving us one step closer to eradicating this pest from all commercial cotton-growing areas of the continental United States. And when the U.S. corn industry faced the first-ever detection of bacterial leaf streak (Xanthomonas vasicular pv vasculorum), we devised a practical and scientific approach to manage the disease and protect valuable export markets. Our most significant domestic accomplishment this year, however, was achieving one of our agency’s top 10 goals: eliminating the European grapevine moth (EGVM) from the United States. On the world stage, PPQ helped U.S. agriculture thrive in the global market-place. We worked closely with our international trading partners to develop and promote science-based standards, helping to create a safe, fair, and predictable agricultural trade system that minimizes the spread of invasive plant pests and diseases. We reached critical plant health agreements and resolved plant health barriers to trade, which sustained and expanded U.S. export markets valued at more than $4 billion. And, we helped U.S. producers meet foreign market access requirements and certified the health of more than 650,000 exports, securing economic opportunities for U.S. products abroad. These successes underscore how PPQ is working every day to keep U.S. agriculture healthy and profitable.
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