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Journal articles on the topic 'Cotton stalks'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Bianchini, Aloisio, and Pedro H. de M. Borges. "Evaluation of cotton stalks destroyers." Engenharia Agrícola 33, no. 5 (October 2013): 965–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162013000500008.

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The destruction of the cotton crop residues (cotton stalks) is a mandatory procedure in Brazil for prophylactic issues, but is a subject unexplored by the research and there are few studies that deal with this issue. However, this is not encouraged in recent decades, studies aimed at developing and evaluating equipment for this purpose. The present study had the objective to evaluate six methods for mechanical destruction of cotton crop residues. Each method was defined based on the principle of operation of the active parts of the equipment, which were tested in medium texture soil and in a clayey one. The variables used to evaluate the efficiency of the equipment were the regrowth rate, the theoretical field capacity and energy demand. The equipment with convergent concave disks (DCC) and flat cutters discs from manufacturer A (CPS-a) showed the best results in cotton stalks destruction in both soil types. The harrow disc (GPD) was efficient only in clay soil. It was concluded that the equipment with convergent concave disks, among those tested, was the most efficient to destroy cotton stalks, regardless of soil type, and that the harrow disc was not included among the best performers.

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2

Chen, Guo Xin, Jia Hui Wang, Liang Liang Chen, and Xin Min Lv. "Cotton Stalks Cement-Based Block Material and its Preparation Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 1603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.1603.

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In Xinjiang, by making use of cotton stalks after cotton picked, people researched and developed a kind of walling material that is cotton stalks cement-based blocks, elaborated its preparation methods, and evaluated its technology effect of cotton stalks cement-based block material. Results show that the cotton stalks cement-based block material have good properties like wide source, easy processing and wonderful performance; by soaking cotton straw broken material with alkali liquor, made cotton straw plant fiber reinforced material and the cement matrix have good interface adhesion; the block material is provided with load-bearing, heat preservation performance and cracking resistance, it can be used for low-rise buildings bearing wallboard and retaining wall of multiple floors in cotton planting region.

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3

Jin, Qiang, Yong Feng, Jin Chun He, and Li Quan Luo. "Fabrication of Non-Load Bearing Cotton Stalks Bales and Pressure-Resistant Property Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 665 (October 2014): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.665.383.

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In this study, cotton stalks were used to make cotton stalks bales. Based on the characteristics of cotton stalks, different fabrication techniques were employed to make cotton stalks bales in an attempt to find the best manufacture method. Tests were also performed on the pressure-resistant properties of the stalks bales. The following conclusions were drawn: With stalks orderly placed, cotton stalks bales made by the method of density control had a constant density and relatively stable pressure-resistant properties. When vertically placed, the stalks bales showed better pressure-resistant properties and the least deformation. The pressure-resistant property of the stalks bales could meet the requirement of non-load bearing walls when placed horizontally, but when placed laterally, it could not.

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4

Chidambareswaran, P. K., R. H. Balasubramanya, S. P. Bhatawdekar, S. Sreenivasan, and V. Sundaram. "Enhanced enzymolysis of cotton fibres and cotton plant stalks." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 8, no. 9 (September 1986): 561–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-0229(86)90042-6.

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5

Şener, Ü., Y. Genel, C. Saka, F. Kiliçel, and M. M. Küçük. "Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Cotton Stalks." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 32, no. 1 (September 24, 2009): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567030903060424.

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6

Jha, S. K., Amar Singh, and Adarsh Kumar. "Physical characteristics of compressed cotton stalks." Biosystems Engineering 99, no. 2 (February 2008): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2007.09.020.

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7

Akpinar, Ozlem, Ozlem Ak, Aysegul Kavas, Ufuk Bakir, and Levent Yilmaz. "Enzymatic Production of Xylooligosaccharides from Cotton Stalks." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55, no. 14 (July 2007): 5544–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf063580d.

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8

Küçük, Çiğdem, and Y. Tuba Tekgül. "Effects of cotton stalk, maize stalk and almond bark on some soil microbial activities." Archives of Environmental Protection 43, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aep-2017-0023.

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AbstractWith the increase of agricultural production, residues of crop are the main source of organic matter in the soil and they are alternatives to inorganic fertilizers. For this purpose, effects of organic residues (cotton stalk, maize stalk, almond bark) commonly grown in Turkey were investigated for some soil microbial activity in clay soil. In this study, incubation experiment was set up. Five doses (0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%) of organic residues (maize stalks, cotton stalks or almond bark) were applied to soil. Soil microbiological properties of soil samples such as CO2respiration, dehydrogenase and urease activity were determined. According to the results obtained, maize stalk, cotton stalks and almond bark applications increased some soil microbiological activities, such as CO2respiration, dehydrogenase and urease activities according to control soil. Maize stalk in comparison to other residues affects better on the biological properties of the soil. It is determined that enhancing effects of the added organic residues (maize stalk, cotton stalk, almond bark) into the soil were changed according to the type of organic residues, dosage and application terms.

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9

Khudayarov, Berdirasul, Ulugbek Kuziyev, and Bakhtiyar Sarimsakov. "Conditions for bending cotton stalks of a combined aggregation bender and their implementation." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126404001.

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As the object of the research, the cotton stalk and its physical and mechanical properties, the elastic of the combined aggregate and the spherical disk were accepted. Like many other European countries, our country has also developed minimal, resource-saving and zero technologies for the cultivation of agricultural products, and their technical solutions are being supported and implemented by farmers and clusters. In particular, in the preparation of cotton fields for sowing for the next year in one pass of machinery in cotton growing, the research was conducted on the development of a minimum technology and a combined unit that implements it. In the implementation of this technology, the cotton stalks are tilted to the side furrow in the direction of movement of the aggregate, and the root is laid on the bottom of the furrow with the soil. The bottom layer of the existing pile is then divided into two parts, each of which is rolled over the cotton stalks on the side edges on both sides, where a new pile is formed. Once the aggregate has passed, the existing ridges are replaced by ridges with cotton stalks buried under them, and ridges are formed in place of the existing ridges. In the study, the angle of the axis of symmetry was determined by the angle of the stalks, and in the laboratory, the amount of force required to bend the stalks was determined using a specially prepared stand. In the study, the width of the flexible cover is 45 cm, the mounting angle of the straight part of the flexible relative to the direction of movement is 35-450, the radius of curvature should be 100 mm, the mounting height relative to the ridge should be 15 cm, and the shape was determined. Bending of cotton stalks standing on the ridge in the direction of aggregate movement to the side ridge, digging them with root soil, longitudinal laying at the bottom of this ridge can be done using a spherical disk.

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10

Wang, Zhipu, Like Xie, Kai Liu, Jian Wang, Henan Zhu, Qiang Song, and Xinqian Shu. "Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and cotton stalks." Waste Management 89 (April 2019): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.04.033.

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11

Ramadan, Y. "DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A COTTON STALKS PULLER." Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering 1, no. 10 (October 1, 2010): 1061–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2010.75470.

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12

Li, Yanbin, and Qin Zhang. "Effects of naturally and microbially decomposed cotton stalks on cotton seedling growth." Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 62, no. 9 (January 12, 2016): 1264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2015.1135327.

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13

Zhan, Dongxia, Ying Yang, Yuanyuan Hu, Yali Zhang, Honghai Luo, and Wangfeng Zhang. "Contributions of Nonleaf Organs to the Yield of Cotton Grown with Different Water Supply." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/602747.

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The objectives of this experiment were (i) to determine the effect of water supply on the photosynthetic capacity of leaves, bracts, capsule walls, and stalks of cotton at different growth stages and (ii) to determine the contributions of these nonleaf organs to whole plant photosynthesis. Water deficit reduced the total surface area per plant but increased the proportion of nonleaf to total plant surface area. Net photosynthetic rates of leaves declined rapidly beginning 25 days after anthesis. In contrast, the net photosynthetic rates of bracts and capsule walls were insensitive to soil moisture stress and decreased by a small amount between 25 and 45 days after anthesis. The relative contribution of bracts and stalks to canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP) increased under water deficit conditions. Cotton seed weight in the conventional irrigation treatment decreased by 10.1–29.7% when the bolls (capsule walls plus bracts) were darkened and by 5.3–9.9% when the stalks were darkened. On a percentage basis, both boll photosynthesis and stalk photosynthesis contributed more to seed weight when the plants were grown under water deficit conditions rather than nondeficit conditions. In conclusion, nonleaf organs contribute significantly to yield when cotton plants are under water stress during late growth stages.

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14

Tsvetkov, V. Ye, Yu A. Syomochkin, and A. A. Nikitin. "Production technology of fibrous boards based on cotton stalks." All the Materials. Encyclopedic Reference Book, no. 2 (2019): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31044/1994-6260-2019-0-2-35-38.

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15

Gemtos, T. A., and Th Tsiricoglou. "Energy budget of a method to harvest cotton stalks." Renewable Energy 16, no. 1-4 (January 1999): 1015–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-1481(98)00361-9.

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16

Ben-Ghedalia, Daniel, Joshua Miron, and Edith Yosef. "Fermentation of alfalfa silages with ozonated cotton stalks added." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 39, no. 11 (November 1991): 2002–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00011a025.

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17

Nada, Abd-Allah M. A., and Mohammad L. Hassan. "Phosphorylated cation-exchangers from cotton stalks and their constituents." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 89, no. 11 (June 26, 2003): 2950–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.12408.

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18

Wu, Zheng, Chun Yan Wei, and Zhi Fang Tian. "Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Cotton Stalk Bast Fibers Reinforced Polylactic Acid Biodegradable Composites." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 1367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.1367.

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The cotton stalks bast fiber was a new kind of natural cellulose fiber, the fibers had the similar properties as the flax fibers. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a class of biodegradable matrix material. As the flax fibers can be reinforced materials and then compounded with PLA, cotton stalks bast fibers as reinforced materials and PLA as matrix were used to make a kind of green and biodegradable composite in the experiment. The composites were prepared by mixing, molding and cold forming. Orthogonal experiment table including length of the fibers, mass fraction of PLA, molding temperature and molding pressure was devised. Then the tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength were tested and the analysis of range and variance was done. The optimal processing condition was obtained as follows: length of the fibers was 6mm, mass fraction of PLA was 75%, molding temperature was 175°C and molding pressure was 12MPa. The result showed that the cotton stalks bast fibers reinforced PLA biodegradable composites had good mechanical properties. Through this study waste cotton stalks basts were turned into useful resources and provided a kind of environmentally friendly composites.

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19

Ambadi, Ashwini, D. Krishnamurty, Sathyanaran Rao, B. K. Desai, M. V. Ravi, and S. Shubha. "Influence of varied crop residues and green biomass composts to rabi sorghum growing soils on uptake of major nutrients, microbial biomass and soil fertility status." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i1.1601.

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A field experiment was conducted on vertisols (pH of 7.56 with organic carbon content of 0.55%) at Re- search Institute on Organic Farming, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur coming under northern Karnataka during rabi season of 2015-16 to study the Influence of varied crop residues and green biomass composts to rabi sorghum growing soils on uptake of major nutrients, organic carbon and soil fertility status. In general application of Cotton stalks, Redgram stalks, Glyricidia, combination of cotton and redgram stalks composts, FYM and combina- tion of organic and inorganic fertilizers helped to buildup soil nutrients with respect to organic carbon, available nitro- gen and phosphorus. Significantly higher nitrogen (227.3 kg ha-1), phosphorous (75.7 kg ha-1) and potassium (141.7 kg ha-1) uptake by rabi sorghum was recorded with combined application of recommended FYM (3 t ha-1) and NP fertilizers (50:25 kg N, P2O5 ha-1) (T14) followed by Cotton stalks +Redgram stalks + Glyricidia sp. with C:N ratio of 30:1 compost @ 50 kg N equivalent (T12: 222.0, 74.0 and 132.3 kg ha-1). The least uptake was recorded with abso- lute control (T15: 127.0, 42.0 and 71.7 kg ha-1). Similar trend was observed with organic carbon, available nitrogen and phosphorus. Combined application of recommended FYM (3 t ha-1) and NP fertilizers (50:25 kg N, P2O5 ha-1) followed by Cotton stalks +Redgram stalks + Glyricidia sp. with C:N ratio of 30:1 compost @ 50 kg N equivalent at the time of sowing recorded higher major nutrients uptake, microbial biomass and soil fertility status.

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20

Khalil, A., Ayman Bakry, Magda El-Fakharany, and Karim Rabea. "Experimental Study of Cotton stalks Gasification in a Downdraft Reactor." Journal of Engineering Research 2, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/erjeng.2018.125102.

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21

Sridhar, Manpal, Swaraj Senani, Kandalam Giridhar, Atul Purushottam Kolte, Arindam Dhali, Jayaram Chikkerur, Sohini Roy, and Ashis Kumar Samanta. "Value addition of cotton stalks through enzymatic production of xylooligosaccharides." International Journal of Environment and Waste Management 25, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijewm.2020.10026029.

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22

Girgis, Badie S., and Mona F. Ishak. "Activated carbon from cotton stalks by impregnation with phosphoric acid." Materials Letters 39, no. 2 (April 1999): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-577x(98)00225-0.

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23

Samanta, Ashis Kumar, Jayaram Chikkerur, Sohini Roy, Atul Purushottam Kolte, Arindam Dhali, Kandalam Giridhar, Manpal Sridhar, and Swaraj Senani. "Value addition of cotton stalks through enzymatic production of xylooligosaccharides." International Journal of Environment and Waste Management 25, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijewm.2020.104344.

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24

Tsvetkov, V. E., Yu A. Semochkin, and A. A. Nikitin. "A Technology for Production of Fiberboards Based on Cotton Stalks." Polymer Science, Series D 12, no. 3 (July 2019): 328–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1995421219030237.

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25

Girgis, Badie S., Edward Smith, Mamdouh M. Louis, and Abdel-Nasser A. El-Hendawy. "Pilot production of activated carbon from cotton stalks using H3PO4." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 86, no. 1 (September 2009): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2009.06.002.

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26

Naim, Nadia, Abdel-Mohsen S. Ismail, Lotfy A. Sallam, and Abdel-Monem H. El-Refai. "Enzymatic saccharification of sodium hypochlorite treated bagasse and cotton stalks." Agricultural Wastes 16, no. 2 (January 1986): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90083-1.

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27

Xi, Lin Qiao, Shu Qi Wu, and Chun Hui Ma. "Cellulose Degrading Microbial Community Degradation Diluted Acid Pretreatment Cotton Stalks and Optimization of Fermentation Techniques." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 1278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.1278.

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Cotton stalk is rich and low cost renewable cellulosic resources in Xinjiang autonomous region, but two-thirds of these stalks are not used to their fullest extent. Nowadays, more research has been reported concerning the pretreatment of cotton stalks, saccharification, ethanol production and other aspects. The experiment screened cellulose degrading microbial community, and optimized conditions of saccharification. In oder to degrading lignin and cellulose of cotton straw and improving the efficiency of hydrolysis of cellulose, to decompose diluted acid pretreatment cotton stalk by cellulose degrading microbial community. We studied the microbial fermentation period, fermentation technical parameters, and curves of cellulase activity. We designed single factors , and orthogonal experiment to optimize the fermentation technical parameters. The results showed that the fermentation period was 5-day, single factor experiment, the optimum of fermentation temperature was 32°C (P < 0.01), orignal pH was 4.8 (P < 0.01), inoculation size was 5%(P < 0.01) and nitrogen source was urea(P < 0.01), and orthogonal experiment, the optimized conditions were nitrogen source, (NH4)2SO4, temperature, 42°C, original pH 6.8, inoculation quantity 1.0%. Under optimized conditions, CMC, FPU, b-G, glycosylated ratio and lose weight reached respectively 47.12 U/mL, 24.35 U/mL, 13.05U/mL, 37.21% and 26.38%.

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28

Youssef, A. M., A. F. Hassan, and M. Safan. "Modeling and Characterization of Steam-Activated Carbons Developed from Cotton Stalks." Carbon letters 14, no. 1 (January 31, 2013): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5714/cl.2012.14.1.014.

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29

Mehmet, Akguuml l., and Tozluoğlu Ayhan. "A comparison of soda and soda-AQ pulps from cotton stalks." African Journal of Biotechnology 8, no. 22 (November 16, 2009): 6127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb09.301.

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30

Dimos, Konstantinos, Thomas Paschos, Argiro Louloudi, Konstantinos G. Kalogiannis, Angelos A. Lappas, Nikolaos Papayannakos, Dimitris Kekos, and Diomi Mamma. "Effect of Various Pretreatment Methods on Bioethanol Production from Cotton Stalks." Fermentation 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5010005.

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Cotton stalks (CS) are considered a good candidate for fuel-ethanol production due to its abundance and high carbohydrate content, but the direct conversion without pretreatment always results in extremely low yields due to the recalcitrant nature of lignocelluloses. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of various chemical and physicochemical pretreatment methods, i.e., alkali, microwave-assisted acid, organosolv, hydrothermal treatment, and sequentially organosolv and hydrothermal pretreatment, on chemical composition of CS and subsequent ethanol production applying pre-hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF) at high solid loading. The best results in terms of ethanol production were achieved by the sequential combination of organosolv and hydrothermal pretreatment (32.3 g/L, using 15% w/v substrate concentration and 6 h pre-hydrolysis) with an improvement of 32% to 50% in ethanol production compared to the other pretreatments. Extending pre-hydrolysis time to 14 h and increasing substrate concentration to 20% w/v, ethanol production reached 47.0 g/L (corresponding to an ethanol yield of 52%) after 30 h of fermentation.

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31

Al Afif, Rafat, S. Sean Anayah, and Christoph Pfeifer. "Batch pyrolysis of cotton stalks for evaluation of biochar energy potential." Renewable Energy 147 (March 2020): 2250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.09.146.

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32

Karthyani, S., Ashok Pandey, and Leena P. Devendra. "Delignification of cotton stalks using sodium cumene sulfonate for bioethanol production." Biofuels 11, no. 4 (September 8, 2017): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2017.1370884.

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33

Al Afif, Rafat, S. Sean Anayah, and Christoph Pfeifer. "Batch pyrolysis of cotton stalks for evaluation of biochar energy potential." E3S Web of Conferences 116 (2019): 00001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911600001.

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The thermal cracking of cotton stalks (CS) via pyrolysis was performed using a laboratory scale batch pyrolysis reactor. The effects of the final pyrolysis temperature varying from 300 to 800°C on the pyrolysis products distribution has been investigated. The maximum biochar yield of 46.5% was obtained at 400°C. As the pyrolysis process temperature increased, the solid char product yield decreased. The lowest biochar yield of 28% was obtained at 800°C. The largest higher heating value (HHV, 25.845 MJ kg-1) was obtained at 600°C. All biochar samples produced between 500 and 700°C had an energy densification ratio of 1.41, indicating a higher mass-energy density than the initial feedstock. A larger share of syngas and bio-oil were produced at higher temperatures, as estimated. Preferential selection of a char based on the energy yield would lead to a selection of the 400°C product, while selection based on the energy densification ratio would be for a product obtained between 500 to 700°C.

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34

Mobarak, Fardous, and Abd-Alla M. Nada. "Fibreboard from exotic raw materials. Ii. Hardboard from undebarked cotton stalks." Journal of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 25, no. 9 (April 25, 2007): 659–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5020250904.

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35

Kang, Xiaonan, Chuanyi Wang, and Jiao Yin. "Hierarchically Porous Carbons Derived from Cotton Stalks for High-Performance Supercapacitors." ChemElectroChem 4, no. 10 (July 10, 2017): 2599–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/celc.201700501.

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36

Yzombard, Alban, Stuart G. Gordon, and Menghe Miao. "Morphology and tensile properties of bast fibers extracted from cotton stalks." Textile Research Journal 84, no. 3 (July 15, 2013): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517513495949.

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37

Nada, A. M. A., H. El-Saied, and A. E. El-Ashmawy. "Influence of Surrounding Gases on Soda-Anthraquinone Pulping of Cotton Stalks." Holzforschung 40, no. 1 (January 1986): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hfsg.1986.40.1.43.

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38

Shi, Jian, Ratna R. Sharma-Shivappa, and Mari S. Chinn. "Microbial pretreatment of cotton stalks by submerged cultivation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium." Bioresource Technology 100, no. 19 (October 2009): 4388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.10.060.

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39

Soni, Bhawna, El Barbary Hassan, and Barakat Mahmoud. "Chemical isolation and characterization of different cellulose nanofibers from cotton stalks." Carbohydrate Polymers 134 (December 2015): 581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.031.

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40

Guler, C., and R. Ozen. "Some properties of particleboards made from cotton stalks ( Gossypium hirsitum L.)." Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00107-003-0439-9.

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41

Al Afif, Rafat, and Christoph Pfeifer. "Enhancement of methane yield from cotton stalks by mechanical pre-treatment." Carbon Resources Conversion 4 (2021): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crcon.2021.04.003.

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42

Riley, E. D., H. T. Kraus, T. E. Bilderback, and B. E. Jackson. "Composted Cotton Stalks and Cotton Gin Trash Substrate Amendments and Irrigation/Ground Cover Management I. Effect on Physical and Chemical Properties of Pine Bark and Pine Tree Substrates." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898.32.3.133.

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This project evaluated two cotton waste products (cotton stalks and cotton gin trash) as amendments to pine bark (PB) and pine tree (PT) substrates for their impact on substrate physical and chemical properties. PB or PT substrates were amended (v/v) with cotton stalks composted with a N source (CSN), cotton stalks composted without an N source (CS), or aged cotton gin trash (CGT) at 4:1 PB:CS (PB:CS), 4:1 PB:CSN (PB:CSN), 9:1 PB:CGT (PB:CGT), 1:1 PT:CS (PT:CS), 1:1 PT:CSN (PT:CSN) and 4:1 PT:CGT (PT:CGT) (by vol). In 2010, PB-amended substrates had larger percentages of coarse (> 2.0 mm) and fine (< 0.5 mm) particles while PT-amended substrates had larger percentages of medium (0.5–2.0 mm) particles. In 2011, PB-amended substrates again had larger percentages of coarse particles, while PT-amended substrates had more medium and fine particles. Generally, most physical properties were within adequate ranges and were better than or comparable to the 100% PB control. Substrate solution pH was generally higher in the PT- than the PB-based substrates. Electrical conductivity (EC) of the substrate solution was also generally higher in the PT-based substrates compared to the PB-based substrates. Inorganic nitrogen (NH4 + NO3 + NO2), urea, P, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations in all substrate solutions, regardless of compost addition, were all below the recommended ranges by the last sample time (October 4, 2011) for the study indicating that nutrients supplied by the composts were depleted or below detection limits. However, CGT increased substrate solution P concentrations in both PB- and PT-based substrates with both overhead, sprinkler irrigation with black geotextile weed fabric covering the ground (OH) and low-volume, spray stake irrigation with gravel covering the ground (LV).

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Nguyen, Thanh Tung, Henri Bailleres, Adam Redman, William Leggate, Luigi-j. Vandi, and Michael Heiztmann. "Homogenous particleboard made from whole cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) stalk agricultural waste: Optimisation of particle size and influence of cotton residue on performance." BioResources 15, no. 4 (August 25, 2020): 7730–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.7730-7748.

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Abstract:

The objective of this research was to characterize the cotton stalk resource. This paper also focused on the manufacturing of formaldehyde-free particleboards using whole cotton stalk. The effects of opening particle sizes and cotton ball residue ratios on performance properties of manufactured particleboard was assessed. Modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond (IB), and thickness swelling (TS) were characterized. Particleboards manufactured from four different opening particle sizes (6, 8, 10, and 20 mm) using an emulsifiable polymeric isocyanate adhesive (eMDI) were investigated. Similarly, the same performance properties were evaluated using four different cotton ball residue ratios (0, 5, 10, and 15 wt%). Results showed that the stem length and diameter of cotton stalks cultivated in Queensland (Australia) vary greatly and range from 160 to 890 mm and 5.03 to 10.88 mm, respectively. The highest weight proportion of the resource is the cotton stem making up 46 wt% of the available resource. The highest average values of MOR, MOE, IB, and the lowest TS were observed for boards with an opening particle size of 8 mm. The cotton ball residues had detrimental effects on the mechanical properties with a decrease in properties observed with increasing cotton ball residue load.

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Abd El-Atty, Alaa, M. Hassan, M. Afify, and Hanan El-Shal. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A LOCAL MACHINE FOR CUTTING AND CHOPPING COTTON STALKS." Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 5 (October 1, 2016): 1735–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/zjar.2016.99786.

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Chen, Jizhang, Kaili Fang, Qiongyu Chen, Junling Xu, and Ching-Ping Wong. "Integrated paper electrodes derived from cotton stalks for high-performance flexible supercapacitors." Nano Energy 53 (November 2018): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.08.056.

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Sahin, HTurgut, Mustafa Cengiz, and OzlemDilek Dincturk. "Fractional extraction and structural characterization of opium poppy and cotton stalks hemicelluloses." Pharmacognosy Magazine 6, no. 24 (2010): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.71798.

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El-Geundi, M. S., M. M. Nassar, T. E. Farrag, and M. H. Ahmed. "Methomyl Adsorption onto Cotton Stalks Activated Carbon (CSAC): Equilibrium and Process Design." Procedia Environmental Sciences 17 (2013): 630–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2013.02.079.

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Attia, Amina A., Abdel-Nasser A. El-Hendawy, Soheir A. Khedr, and Th El-Nabarawy. "Textural Properties and Adsorption of Dyes onto Carbons Derived from Cotton Stalks." Adsorption Science & Technology 22, no. 5 (June 2004): 411–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0263617042863075.

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Silverstein, Rebecca A., Ye Chen, Ratna R. Sharma-Shivappa, Michael D. Boyette, and Jason Osborne. "A comparison of chemical pretreatment methods for improving saccharification of cotton stalks." Bioresource Technology 98, no. 16 (November 2007): 3000–3011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.10.022.

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SHI, J., M. CHINN, and R. SHARMASHIVAPPA. "Microbial pretreatment of cotton stalks by solid state cultivation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium." Bioresource Technology 99, no. 14 (September 2008): 6556–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.069.

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