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1
Butler, G. D. Jr, T. J. Henneberry, and J. K. Brown. "Cotton Leaf Crumple Disease of Pima Cotton." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204080.
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2
Gantsho, Vangile. "Red cotton." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7213.
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My collection of poetry is a deeply personal exploration of what it means to be black, queer, and woman in modern-day South Africa. I interrogate being non-conformist in both a traditional-cultural upbringing and a more liberal yet equally-oppressive urban socialisation. I question what we are taught about the body and the feminine sexual space, while also addressing the mother-daughter relationship as the first and most constant reference of womanhood. The collection moves fluidly between the erotic, the uncomfortable and grotesque, what is painful, and what is beautiful and longed-for. Working promiscuously across forms, I employ prose poetry, interspersed with lyrical interludes, in an attempt at a narrative effect similar to what Claudia Rankine achieves in Don't Let Me Be Lonely. I also draw from writers such as Calixthe Beyala (Your Name Shall Be Tanga), and Janice Lee (Damnation), as well as sex guides, women's blogs, and feminist poetry.
3
Wilson, F. Douglas, Judith K. Brown, and G. D. Jr Butler. "Natural Resistance of Cotton to Cotton Leaf Crumple Virus." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204556.
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Cultivars and germplasm lines of cotton, Gossvpium hirsutum L., differed in response to infection by the cotton leaf crumple virus (CLCV). The most widely grown cultivars in Arizona and southern California, 'Deltapine 90' and 'Deltapine 61', are susceptible, while ' Cedix', developed in El Salvador, and 'Coral', developed in Nicaragua, are highly resistant or immune. Nineteen other lines from a resistance breeding project in Nicaragua showed highly variable responses.
4
Nadeem, Athar, Zhongguo Xiong, and Merritt Nelson. "Cotton Leaf Curl Virus, A Threat to Arizona Cotton?" College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210328.
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A serious virus disease of cotton in Pakistan is distantly related to cotton leaf crumple in Arizona. It is much more destructive on cotton than leaf crumple, and has never been found in the western hemisphere. Cotton leaf crumple in Arizona causes only modestly damaging midseason infections, while leaf curl, has had a major impact on the crop in Pakistan. Modern transportation and the increasing movement of living plants in global trade has resulted in them recent introduction of a similar disease of another crop to the western hemisphere.
5
Mekala, Diwakar Karthik. "Screening upland cotton for resistance to cotton fleahopper (Heteroptera: Miridae)." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1071.
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Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop maturity is delayed by cotton fleahopper (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus Reuter) (fleahopper) feeding on early-season fruit forms which increases vulnerability to late-season pests such as Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (Fabricius). The objectives of this research were to evaluate methods of screening for resistance to fleahopper and to screen selected genotypes. Six fleahoppers were caged on plants in the insectary for 72 h. Numbers of live fleahoppers and percent square damage were determined 48 h following the removal of fleahoppers. Fleahopper numbers and percent square set were determined on randomly selected plants of 16 genotypes when grown under field conditions in 2002 and 2003. Across multiple sampling dates, the number of fleahoppers per plant was higher (p=0.05) in G. arboreum and Pilose (G. hirsutum), but no consistent differences were observed among the remaining 15 genotypes which represented several germplasm pools across the United States. Field and no-choice feeding tests suggested that Pilose, Lankart 142, Suregrow 747, and Stoneville 474 were more resistant hairy-leaf genotypes and not different (p=0.05) in resistance than the smooth-leaf genotypes, Deltapine 50 and TAM 96WD-69s. Pin-head, match-head, and one-third grown squares were removed from plants and placed on agar in petri-plates. Four fleahoppers were released per plate and allowed to feed for 48 h. Fleahopper damage, brown areas along the anthers and/or brown and shrunken pollen sacs was most evident in pin-head sized squares.
6
Chu, Chang-chi, and Thomas J. Henneberry. "Irrigation Frequency and Cotton Yield in Short-Season Cotton Systems." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210315.
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We tested the hypothesis that small frequent irrigations during the July cotton peak fruiting stage would result in better fruiting and higher cotton yields than the same amount of water applied less frequently. Over three years under a short - season production system, irrigation intervals of every 5-d with 42 mm of water applied at each irrigation increased cotton lint yield by 5-11 % compared to irrigation intervals of 10- and 15-d with 80 and 130 mm of water applied at each irrigation, respectively. The results show that small, frequent furrow irrigations during cotton fruiting are highly effective in reducing water deficit during critical growth stages and improved lint production in a short - season cultural system. Soil salt content in the top 15 cm of soil was not increased after three years of study.
7
Henneberry, T. J., D. L. Hendrix, and H. H. Perkins. "Effects of Cotton Ginning and Lint Cleaning on Sticky Cotton." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210366.
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Ginning and lint cleaning effects on cotton stickiness were minimal but reduced amounts of trehalulose and reduced thermodetector counts occurred following each lint process Leaf trash from ginned seed cotton contained trehalulose and melezitose. Removal of leaf trash in ginning and lint cleaning probably accounts for some reduced lint stickiness.
8
Torok, S. J., and W. E. Beach. "A Comparison of Selected Cotton Hedges for Arizona Cotton Producers." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219723.
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The 1985 and 1986 Cotton Reports have the same publication and P-Series numbers.<br>Cotton options on futures began trading in the fall of 1984 offering Arizona cotton producers an alternative risk management tool. Advantages of hedging with cotton options include: limiting risk, preserving unlimited profit potential, providing increased marketing flexibility and greater liquidity. This study compared selected cotton option hedges utilizing mean net revenues and standard deviations. Also, computed premiums were calculated with a modified Black-Scholes option pricing model to identify a historical price volatility that consistently signaled favorable cotton option trades.
9
McGinley, Susan. "Harvesting Cotton Stalks." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622348.
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10
Cottee, Nicola Sandra. "Thermotolerance of cotton." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5428.
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The Australian cotton industry has developed high yielding and high quality fibre production systems and attributes a significant contribution of this achievement to highly innovative breeding programs, specifically focused on the production of premium quality lint for the export market. Breeding programs have recently shifted attention to the development of new germplasm with superior stress tolerance to minimise yield losses attributed to adverse environmental conditions and inputs such as irrigation, fertilisers and pesticides. Various contributors to yield, such as physiology, biochemistry and gene expression have been implemented as screening tools for tolerance to high temperatures under growth cabinet and laboratory conditions but there has been little extension of these mechanisms to field based systems. This study evaluates tools for the identification of specific genotypic thermotolerance under field conditions using a multi-level ‘top down’ approach from crop to gene level. Field experiments were conducted in seasons 1 (2006) and 3 (2007) at Narrabri (Australia) and season 2 (2006) in Texas (The United States of America) and were supplemented by growth cabinet experiments to quantify cultivar differences in yield, physiology, biochemical function and gene expression under high temperatures. Whole plants were subjected to high temperatures in the field through the construction of Solarweave® tents and in the growth cabinet at a temperature of 42 oC. The effectiveness of these methods was then evaluated to establish a rapid and reliable screening tool for genotype specific thermotolerance that could potentially improve the efficiency of breeding programs and aid the development to high yielding cultivars for hot growing regions. Cotton cultivars Sicot 53 and Sicala 45 were evaluated for thermotolerance using crop level measurements (yield and fibre quality) and whole plant measurements (fruit retention) to determine the efficacy of these measurements as screening tools for thermotolerance under field conditions. Sicot 53 was selected as a relatively thermotolerant cultivar whereas Sicala 45 was selected as a cultivar with a lower relative thermotolerance and this assumption was made on the basis of yield in hot and cool environments under the CSIRO Australian cotton breeding program. Yield and fruit retention were lower under tents compared with ambient conditions in all 3 seasons. Yield and fruit retention were highly correlated in season 1 and were higher for Sicot 53 compared to Sicala 45 suggesting that fruit retention is a primary limitation to yield in a hot season. Thus yield and fruit retention are good indicators of thermotolerance in a hot season. Temperature treatment and cultivar differences were determined for fibre quality in seasons 1 and 3; however, quality exceeded the industry minimum thereby indicating that fibre quality is not a good determinant of thermotolerance. Physiological determinants of plant functionality such as photosynthesis, electron transport rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were determined for cultivars Sicot 53 and Sicala 45 under the tents and an index of these parameters was also analysed to determine overall plant physiological capacity in the field. Physiological capacity was also determined under high temperatures in the growth cabinet using a light response curve at various levels of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Photosynthesis and electron transport rate decreased, whilst stomatal conductance and transpiration rate increased under the tents as well as under high temperatures in the growth cabinet. Photosynthesis and electron transport rate were higher for Sicot 53 but stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were higher for Sicala 45 under the tents. No cultivar differentiation was evident for plants grown under high temperatures in the growth cabinet. Temperature treatment and cultivar differences in physiological function were greater in a hot year (season 1), thereby indicating the importance of cultivar selection for thermotolerance in the presence of stress. Electron transport rate was correlated with yield in season 1, thus suggesting the suitability of this method for broad genotypic screening for thermotolerance under field conditions. Biochemical processes such as membrane integrity and enzyme viability were used to determine cultivar specific thermotolerance under high temperature stress in the laboratory, field and growth cabinet. Electrolyte leakage is an indicator of decreased membrane integrity and may be estimated by the relative electrical conductivity or relative cellular injury assays. The heat sensitivity of dehydrogenase activity, a proxy for cytochrome functionality and capacity for mitochondrial electron transport, may be quantified spectrophotometrically. Cellular membrane integrity and enzyme viability decreased sigmoidally with exposure to increasing temperatures in a water bath. Membrane integrity was higher for Sicot 53 compared with Sicala 45 under the tents and under high temperatures in the growth cabinet. No temperature treatment or cultivar differences were found for enzyme viability under the tents; however, enzyme viability for Sicala 45 was higher in the growth cabinet compared with Sicot 53. Relative electrical conductivity was strongly correlated with yield under ambient field conditions and under the tents, suggesting impairment of electron flow through photosynthetic and/or respiratory pathways, thus contributing to lower potential for ATP production and energy generation for yield contribution. Thus, the membrane integrity assay was considered to be a rapid and reliable tool for thermotolerance screening in cotton cultivars. Gene expression was examined for cultivars Sicot 53 and Sicala 45 grown under high (42 oC) temperatures in the growth cabinet. Rubisco activase expression was quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and was decreased under high temperatures and was lower for Sicala 45 than Sicot 53. Maximum cultivar differentiation was found after 1.0 h exposure to high temperatures and hence, leaf tissue sampled from this time point was further analysed for global gene profiling using cDNA microarrays. Genes involved in metabolism, heat shock protein generation, electron flow and ATP generation were down-regulated under high temperatures in the growth cabinet and a greater number of genes were differentially expressed for Sicala 45, thereby indicating a higher level of heat stress and a greater requirement for mobilisation of protective and compensatory mechanisms compared with Sicot 53. Cultivar specific thermotolerance determination using gene profiling may be a useful tool for understanding the underlying basis of physiological and biochemical responses to high temperature stress in the growth cabinet. There is future opportunity for profiling genes associated with heat stress and heat tolerance for identification of key genes associated with superior cultivar performance under high temperature stress and characterisation of these genes under field conditions. This research has identified cultivar differences in yield under field conditions and has identified multiple physiological and biochemical pathways that may contribute to these differences. Future characterisation of genes associated with heat stress and heat tolerance under growth cabinet conditions may be extended to field conditions, thus providing the underlying basis of the response of cotton to high temperature stress. Electron transport rate and relative electrical conductivity were found to be rapid and reliable determinants of cultivar specific thermotolerance and hence may be extended to broad-spectrum screening of a range of cotton cultivars and species and under a range of abiotic stress. This will enable the identification of superior cotton cultivars for incorporation into local breeding programs for Australian and American cotton production systems.
11
Cottee, Nicola Sandra. "Thermotolerance of cotton." University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5428.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>The Australian cotton industry has developed high yielding and high quality fibre production systems and attributes a significant contribution of this achievement to highly innovative breeding programs, specifically focused on the production of premium quality lint for the export market. Breeding programs have recently shifted attention to the development of new germplasm with superior stress tolerance to minimise yield losses attributed to adverse environmental conditions and inputs such as irrigation, fertilisers and pesticides. Various contributors to yield, such as physiology, biochemistry and gene expression have been implemented as screening tools for tolerance to high temperatures under growth cabinet and laboratory conditions but there has been little extension of these mechanisms to field based systems. This study evaluates tools for the identification of specific genotypic thermotolerance under field conditions using a multi-level ‘top down’ approach from crop to gene level. Field experiments were conducted in seasons 1 (2006) and 3 (2007) at Narrabri (Australia) and season 2 (2006) in Texas (The United States of America) and were supplemented by growth cabinet experiments to quantify cultivar differences in yield, physiology, biochemical function and gene expression under high temperatures. Whole plants were subjected to high temperatures in the field through the construction of Solarweave® tents and in the growth cabinet at a temperature of 42 oC. The effectiveness of these methods was then evaluated to establish a rapid and reliable screening tool for genotype specific thermotolerance that could potentially improve the efficiency of breeding programs and aid the development to high yielding cultivars for hot growing regions. Cotton cultivars Sicot 53 and Sicala 45 were evaluated for thermotolerance using crop level measurements (yield and fibre quality) and whole plant measurements (fruit retention) to determine the efficacy of these measurements as screening tools for thermotolerance under field conditions. Sicot 53 was selected as a relatively thermotolerant cultivar whereas Sicala 45 was selected as a cultivar with a lower relative thermotolerance and this assumption was made on the basis of yield in hot and cool environments under the CSIRO Australian cotton breeding program. Yield and fruit retention were lower under tents compared with ambient conditions in all 3 seasons. Yield and fruit retention were highly correlated in season 1 and were higher for Sicot 53 compared to Sicala 45 suggesting that fruit retention is a primary limitation to yield in a hot season. Thus yield and fruit retention are good indicators of thermotolerance in a hot season. Temperature treatment and cultivar differences were determined for fibre quality in seasons 1 and 3; however, quality exceeded the industry minimum thereby indicating that fibre quality is not a good determinant of thermotolerance. Physiological determinants of plant functionality such as photosynthesis, electron transport rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were determined for cultivars Sicot 53 and Sicala 45 under the tents and an index of these parameters was also analysed to determine overall plant physiological capacity in the field. Physiological capacity was also determined under high temperatures in the growth cabinet using a light response curve at various levels of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Photosynthesis and electron transport rate decreased, whilst stomatal conductance and transpiration rate increased under the tents as well as under high temperatures in the growth cabinet. Photosynthesis and electron transport rate were higher for Sicot 53 but stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were higher for Sicala 45 under the tents. No cultivar differentiation was evident for plants grown under high temperatures in the growth cabinet. Temperature treatment and cultivar differences in physiological function were greater in a hot year (season 1), thereby indicating the importance of cultivar selection for thermotolerance in the presence of stress. Electron transport rate was correlated with yield in season 1, thus suggesting the suitability of this method for broad genotypic screening for thermotolerance under field conditions. Biochemical processes such as membrane integrity and enzyme viability were used to determine cultivar specific thermotolerance under high temperature stress in the laboratory, field and growth cabinet. Electrolyte leakage is an indicator of decreased membrane integrity and may be estimated by the relative electrical conductivity or relative cellular injury assays. The heat sensitivity of dehydrogenase activity, a proxy for cytochrome functionality and capacity for mitochondrial electron transport, may be quantified spectrophotometrically. Cellular membrane integrity and enzyme viability decreased sigmoidally with exposure to increasing temperatures in a water bath. Membrane integrity was higher for Sicot 53 compared with Sicala 45 under the tents and under high temperatures in the growth cabinet. No temperature treatment or cultivar differences were found for enzyme viability under the tents; however, enzyme viability for Sicala 45 was higher in the growth cabinet compared with Sicot 53. Relative electrical conductivity was strongly correlated with yield under ambient field conditions and under the tents, suggesting impairment of electron flow through photosynthetic and/or respiratory pathways, thus contributing to lower potential for ATP production and energy generation for yield contribution. Thus, the membrane integrity assay was considered to be a rapid and reliable tool for thermotolerance screening in cotton cultivars. Gene expression was examined for cultivars Sicot 53 and Sicala 45 grown under high (42 oC) temperatures in the growth cabinet. Rubisco activase expression was quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and was decreased under high temperatures and was lower for Sicala 45 than Sicot 53. Maximum cultivar differentiation was found after 1.0 h exposure to high temperatures and hence, leaf tissue sampled from this time point was further analysed for global gene profiling using cDNA microarrays. Genes involved in metabolism, heat shock protein generation, electron flow and ATP generation were down-regulated under high temperatures in the growth cabinet and a greater number of genes were differentially expressed for Sicala 45, thereby indicating a higher level of heat stress and a greater requirement for mobilisation of protective and compensatory mechanisms compared with Sicot 53. Cultivar specific thermotolerance determination using gene profiling may be a useful tool for understanding the underlying basis of physiological and biochemical responses to high temperature stress in the growth cabinet. There is future opportunity for profiling genes associated with heat stress and heat tolerance for identification of key genes associated with superior cultivar performance under high temperature stress and characterisation of these genes under field conditions. This research has identified cultivar differences in yield under field conditions and has identified multiple physiological and biochemical pathways that may contribute to these differences. Future characterisation of genes associated with heat stress and heat tolerance under growth cabinet conditions may be extended to field conditions, thus providing the underlying basis of the response of cotton to high temperature stress. Electron transport rate and relative electrical conductivity were found to be rapid and reliable determinants of cultivar specific thermotolerance and hence may be extended to broad-spectrum screening of a range of cotton cultivars and species and under a range of abiotic stress. This will enable the identification of superior cotton cultivars for incorporation into local breeding programs for Australian and American cotton production systems.
12
Silvertooth, Jeffrey C. "Early Cotton Development." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558492.
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Revised 06/2015; Originally published 02/2001<br>2 pp.<br>After stand establishment, the next critical stage in the development of a cotton crop is the initiation of the first squares, or floral buds, which could develop into the plants’ first boll. This is an important step for a cotton crop and one which is usually followed closely by the attentive farmer.
13
Silvertooth, J. C. "Early Cotton Development." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146993.
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14
Brown, Paul. "Cotton Heat Stress." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/147022.
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10 pp.<br>Upland cotton is vulnerable to heat stress during the summer monsoon season in the low desert of Arizona. The primary impact of heat stress is a reduction in fruit retention which can reduce overall lint yields, delay crop maturity and reduce lint quality. This bulletin provides a general overview of cotton heat stress as it pertains to Arizona production systems.
15
Feaster, Carl V., and E. L. Turcotte. "Pima Cotton Improvement." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204047.
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Turcotte, E. L., and Carl V. Feaster. "Pima Cotton Genetics." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204048.
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17
Percy, R. G., and E. L. Turcotte. "Pima Cotton Genetics." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204543.
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Maintenance and evaluation of a collection of primitive Gossypium barbadense L. cottons progressed in 1987. Conversion of the non flowering tropical cottons to a flowering, day- neutral habit progressed. So did efforts to incorporate potentially useful biological and environmental stress tolerant traits into agronomic Pima backgrounds. Six cottons of the primitive cotton collection were found to potentially possess bacterial blight resistance. Genetic populations were developed to investigate the inheritance and distribution of two mutant marker traits in cotton. Interspecific Fl hybrid populations were developed for evaluation in 1988.
18
Turcotte, E. L., and R. G. Percy. "Pima Cotton Improvement." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204856.
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Five experimental strains, P65, P67, P64 P69, P70, and pima S-6 were grown in 9 regional tests across the pima belt in 1988. Mean yields from the 9 locations showed that P67 averaged highest in yield followed by P69, P70, P65, P68 and pima S-6 respectively. The difference in mean yield between P67, the highest yielding entry, and pima S-6 was 82 pounds of lint per acre. Pima S-6 was the latest maturing and tallest entry in the regional test at Maricopa. The 5 experimental strains had longer, finer, and whiter fiber than pima S-6.
19
Turcotte, E. L., and R. G. Percy. "Pima Cotton Improvement." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208264.
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Five experimental strains, P67, P69, P71, P72, P73, and Pima S -6 were grown in Regional tests at eight locations in 1989. P69 averaged highest in mean yield across locations followed by P73, Pima S-6, P71, P67 and P72. The difference in mean yield between P69, the highest yielding entry, and Pima S-6 was 35 pounds of lint per acre. Pima S-6 was the latest maturing and tallest entry in the Regional test at Maricopa. Pima S-6 also showed less tolerance to heat stress than the experimental strains. The experimental strains had longer, stronger, finer, and more whitish fiber than Pima S-6.
20
Turcotte, E. L., and R. G. Percy. "Pima Cotton Improvement." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208342.
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Pima experimental strains P67, P69, P71, P73, P74, and Pima S -6 were grown in Regional tests at 11 locations across the Pima belt in 1990. P73 averaged highest in mean yield across locations followed by P74, P69, P67, Pima S-4 and P71. The experimental strains, in comparison with Pima S-6, had longer, stronger, finer, and more whitish fiber. Experimental strains P45, PSI, P53, P62, P66, and EIS were released jointly by the USDA ARS and the Arizona Agricultural Experimental Station, and registered in Crop Science.
21
Percy, R. G., and E. L. Turcotte. "Pima Cotton Genetics." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208343.
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An isozyme study of the diversity and structure of Goss_vpium nii revealed levels of genetic variation within the species which were high for an island endemic. Infraspecific diversity of G. darwinii was observed among populations of the various Galapagos Islands. Evidence of introgression of other Gossypium species into darwinii was noted. An investigation into the effects of altered Pima (G. barbadense) fiber genotypes on interspecific hybrid fiber characteristics indicated that parent genotype could significantly affect hybrid fiber length, strength, uniformity, and micronaire. However, hybrid heterosis for fiber length and micronaire greatly exceeded the influence of parent genotype. Hybrid fiber characteristics were unique, fitting within neither the extra -long staple nor long staple classifications. A conversion program to convert photoperiodic short-day accessions of a Gossvpium barbadense germplasm collection to day neutrality continues.
22
Percy, R. G., and E. L. Turcotte. "Pima Cotton Improvement." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208621.
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Pima experimental strains P73, P74, P75, P76, P77, and P78 and the varieties Pima S-6 (PS-6) and Pima S-7 (PS-7) were grown in Regional tests at seven locations across the Pima belt in 1991. When yields were averaged across five test locations below 2,500 feet, the strains P73, P74, P75, and P76 ranked higher than PS-6, but lower than PS-7. At two test locations above 2,500 feet the strains P76 and P73 ranked higher in yield than PS-6 and PS-7. There was a trend across all locations for the strains P73, P74, P75 and P76 to be shorter in height than PS-6. The strain P76, which was the highest yielding strain across all locations, was the shortest strain at five of the seven locations. Strains included in all tests tended to have whiter, stronger fiber than PS-6. The above was not the case for P77 and P78, which were present in only two tests.
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Percy, R. G., and E. L. Turcotte. "Pima Cotton Genetics." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208635.
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An investigation was conducted to determine the inheritance, allelism, and linkage associations of a spontaneous, male- sterile mutant found in plants of American Pima (Gossypium barbadense L.) cotton. Analyses of F₁, F₂, and BC populations of the mutant indicated that it was inherited as a single, recessive gene. T ests for allelism of the new gene with three previously described recessive male - sterility genes (ms₁, ms₂ and ms₃) were negative. Analyses of F₂ population segregation from crosses to 23 mutant marker stocks produced no evidence of linkage associations. We have proposed that the male sterility mutant be designated male-sterile-13 and be given the gene symbol ms₁₃. A conversion program to convert photoperiodic short-day accessions of a Gossypium barbadense germplasm collection to day neutrality continues.
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Percy, R. G., and E. L. Turcotte. "Pima Cotton Improvement." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/209560.
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Pima experimental strains P73, P74, P75, P76, P77, P79 and the varieties Pima S-6 (PS-6) and Pima S-7 (PS-7) were grown in replicated Regional tests at ten locations across the Pima belt in 1992. Tests were machine harvested for yield determination, plant heights were measured, and fiber samples were collected for fiber analysis. Considerable genotype by environment interaction for yield potential occurred across tests in 1992. Across all locations, the cultivar PS-7 ranked first in yield followed by the strains P79 and P75. The cultivar PS-6 was the tallest entry in the tests, followed by P75. The strains P76, P77, and P79 were uniformly shorter. Considering yield and fiber properties concurrently, strain P75 was the superior strain entry of the 1992 tests.
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Percy, R. G. "Pima Cotton Genetics." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/209561.
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Two investigations, one of the inheritance of stomatal regulation and its relation to heat tolerance and the other of seed gossypol content in Gossvpium barbadense, began yielding results in 1992. Mode of gene action conferring stomatal conductance varied with the parentage of crosses. Selective advance for high conductance appeared to be feasible in wide crosses, but limited in crosses of elite Pima strains. Variability for seed gossypol content in G. barbadense was surprisingly high. There was evidence of geographic and taxonomic structure to the variability observed. A conversion program to convert photoperiodic short-day flowering accession's of the G. barbadense germplasm collection to day neutrality continued.
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Percy, R. G. "Pima Cotton Genetics." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/209608.
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A feasibility study of short season management in Pima cotton, using short season genotypes, was initiated in 1993. Four short season genotypes, a full season check, and a short season check were evaluated in replicated tests under short season and full season regimes. In this first preliminary year of data, no significant yield loss could be attributed to management regime or to earliness of genotypes. Three of the putative early maturing genotypes exceeded the full season Pima S-7 check in yield. Results were contrary to expectations. The short season test is planned for repeat in 1994. An investigation of a virescent mutant discovered in 1990 (CM-1-90) was conducted in 1991, 1992, and 1993. Crosses of the mutant to Pima S-6 to determine inheritance, and to various virescent mutants to determine allelism produced results which were anamolous to normal, nuclear inheritance. Reciprocal crosses to PS-6 and to various virescent mutants confirmed that the new mutant was cytoplasmicaly inherited.
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Percy, R. G., E. L. Turcotte, and I. M. Ray. "Pima Cotton Improvement." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/209629.
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Pima experimental strains P73, P75, P76, P77, and the cultivars Pima S-6 (PS-6) and Pima S-7 (PS-7) were grown in replicated regional tests at twelve locations across the Pima belt in 1993. Tests were machine harvested for yield determination, plant heights were measured, and lint samples were collected for fiber analysis. Considerable genotype by environment interaction for yield potential occurred across tests in 1993. Across all locations, the strain P76 ranked first in yield followed by the cultivar PS-7 and strain P75. Strains P73 and P76 produced fiber of equal or greater length, strength, and elongation than PS-7. Plant heights were greatest for the entries PS-6 and P75. Entries PS-7 and P73 were intermediate in height, while P76 and P77 were the shortest of the entries tested. Considering yield and fiber properties concurrently, P76 was the superior entry of the 1993 tests.
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Percy, R. G. "Pima Cotton Genetics." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210289.
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A short season feasibility study, using early maturing Pinta genotypes was conducted for a second season. Four early maturing genotypes, a short season check (P62) and a full season check variety (PS-7) were evaluated in replicated tests under short season and full season regimes. In both 1993 and 1994, most genotypes reached cutout around August 4, with 2759 accumulated heat units. All genotypes were earlier maturing than PS-7, as indicated by plant growth measurements and by sequential harvests. In 1994, the four early maturing experimental genotypes produced yields equal to or slightly better than the longer season cultivar PS-7. No differences in yield occurred between the short season and standard practice management systems in either year. A fiber improvement project was initiated in 1989 with the primary goals of increasing the fiber length and strength potential of Pima cotton. In 1989 the early maturing, short statured Pima strain P62 was crossed to Giza 45 and Giza 70 to transfer the fiber strength of those varieties into a heat tolerant, earlier maturing, productive Pima background. Likewise, P62 was crossed to the Sea Island cultivar St. Vincent V-135 with the objective of transferring the latter cultivar's long fiber length into an agronomic Pima background. Two resulting lines, one possessing high fiber strength and the other possessing high fiber length are planned for release in 1995-96.
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Moser, H. S., R. G. Percy, and I. M. Ray. "Pima Cotton Improvement." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210309.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of five experimental lines (P73, P75, P76, P80, and P81) with two commercial varieties ('Pima S-6' and 'Pima S-79 of Pima cotton. All seven strains were grown in replicated strip tests at four locations across the Pima belt in 1994. While none of the experimental lines produced significantly more lint than the best Pima variety at any site, some of them possess traits that are valuable to Pima cotton breeders. P73 has long and strong fiber. P76 is a high yielding, early maturing line that produces long and strong fiber. P80's lint yields are similar to Pima S-7, but it is significantly earlier.
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Nelson, M. R., A. Nadeem, W. Ahmed, and T. V. Orum. "Cotton Virus Diseases." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210398.
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Virus diseases of cotton have historically been of only sporadic importance to global cotton production. Recent devastating epidemics in Pakistan and other areas have brought new awareness to the potential for disaster of a pathogen once considered to be of a minor importance. Under changing conditions this pathogen (cotton leaf curl virus) has emerged as a serious problem in Pakistan and India. Cotton leaf curl virus does not occur in the United States or the rest of the western hemisphere but recent experience worldwide is a reminder that pathogens, such as this geminivirus, can be moved easily from one part of the world to another and therefor we need to be aware of the potential impact of such pathogens on local crops.
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Brown, Paul B., and Carolyn A. Zeiher. "Cotton Heat Stress." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210949.
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Heat stress has been a subject of considerable concern among Arizona cotton growers due to a recent string of hot, humid summers. Research studies indicate heat stress develops when mean crop temperature exceeds 82.4F (28C). Serious heat stress develops when mean crop temperatures exceed 86E Several meteorological factors impact crop temperatures in Arizona; however, accurate estimates of crop temperature can be made using a model requiring air and dew point temperature. This model was used to evaluate heat stress conditions in Arizona over the past 10 years. Results from this evaluation show the past three years were difficult years for heat stress. Elevation and humidity levels are major factors impacting heat stress in any given year. Lower elevation areas are more prone to heat stress than high elevation areas such as Safford. Possible management options to minimize the impact of heat stress include early optimal planting dates, variety selection, field location and good water management.
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Turcotte, E. L., and R. G. Percy. "Pima Cotton Improvement." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221225.
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Five experimental strains and Pima S-6 were grown in nine Regional Tests across the Pima belt in 1987. Experimental strain P70 averaged highest in yield both below and above 2,500 foot elevation. The difference in yield between Pima S-6 and P70 across all locations was 48 pounds of lint per acre. Sequential harvests at Phoenix and Safford, AZ, indicated that P70 was the earliest and Pima S-6 the latest entry in the 1987 Regional Test.
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Percy, R. G., and E. L. Turcotte. "Pima Cotton Genetics." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221227.
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Seed increase of 104 accessions and data collection on 65 accessions were obtained in 1988 to further the maintenance and evaluation of the Gossypium barbadense L. germplasm collection. In a program of conversion of tropical non flowering cottons to a day-neutral flowering habit, 63 accessions were advanced 1 generation by backcross. A systematic screening of the G. barbadense collection for bacterial blight resistance involving 200 accessions from 21 countries yielded 8 accessions resistant to races 1, 2, 7, and 18 of the pathogen. Genetic inheritance and linkage investigations of a male sterile and a foliar mutant progressed. An investigation of the geographic and taxonomic distribution of the ovate leaf trait was concluded with negative results. The frequency of the 2 mutant genes ov₁ and ov₂ proved to be too rare to yield meaningful taxonomic or geographic information about the species. Preliminary results from a performance evaluation of interspecific hybrid cottons conducted at Maricopa and Safford AZ, indicated strong environmental influences on hybrids, but generally favorable yield earliness and plant height data were obtained from the higher -elevation Safford location.
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Henneberry, Tom J., Jech L. Forlow, D. L. Hendrix, D. Brushwood, and T. Steele. "Open Cotton Boll Exposure to Whiteflies and Development of Sticky Cotton." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197275.
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Trehalulose and melezitose produced by Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring and thermodetector counts in cotton lint increased with increasing numbers of days of exposure of open cotton bolls in infested cotton plots. Thermodetector counts were significantly correlated to amounts of trehalulose and melezitose. Rainfall of 0.5 inch reduced trehalulose and melezitose in cotton lint within 5 h following the rain. The results suggest dissolution of the sugars followed by runoff as opposed to microbial degradation.
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Brown, J. K., and M. R. Nelson. "Cotton Leaf Crumple Virus, A Whitefly-Transmitted Geminivirus Cotton in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204079.
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Alomayri, Thamer Salman. "Development and characterization of cotton and cotton fabric reinforced geopolymer composites." Thesis, Curtin University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2388.
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Sustainable geopolymer composites reinforced with natural cotton fibres have been developed and their mechanical and durability properties are evaluated in this research. Results showed that the mechanical properties (flexural strength, flexural modulus, fracture toughness, compressive strength, impact strength and hardness) of woven cotton fabric-reinforced geopolymer composites were superior to those of geopolymer composites with short cotton fibres. Exposure to water and elevated temperatures (200 to 1000°C) severely reduced the mechanical properties of the composites.
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Frederick, Samuel Lee Locy Robert D. "Thermotolerance in Gossypium hirsutum." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Theses/FREDERICK_SAMUEL_25.pdf.
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Mathews, Marc Christopher. "Durable and Non-Toxic Topical Flame Retardants for Cotton and Cotton Blends." NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03222007-125255/.
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Flame retardant chemicals were used as topical finishes on cotton and cotton blended fabric. Comparison of flame resistance and durability of non-bromine/non-antimony flame retardants were explored based on flame resistance testing and physical testing results. Three 100% cotton fabrics and 3 cotton blended fabrics were used. Twenty one different commercially available flame retardants were used as topical finishes on all fabric types. Fabrics were treated and tested at 0, 5, 10 and 25 washes. Final results show that two of the phosphorus flame retardants were durable to 25 washes. Physical testing results show that there were undesirable side effects from the two durable topical treatments. The two phosphorus based flame retardants outperformed the bromine/antimony flame retardants and the non-treated samples in flame resistance.
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Henneberry, T. J., and Jech Lynn Forlow. "Effects of Silverleaf Whiteflies on Sticky Cotton and Cotton Yields in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210916.
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Silverleaf whitey, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring, adults and nymphs were significantly reduced season -long in cotton plots treated with fenpropathrin plus acephate on 3 occasions (15 July, 2 August and 29 August). Thermodetector sticky cotton ratings were significantly reduced in insecticide-treated plots compared with untreated plots. Heavy rains reduced cotton stickiness in all plots.
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Saffell, Cameron Lee. "Common roots of a new industry the introduction and expansion of cotton farming in the American West /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
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Shafi, Yusuf. "Glycinebetaine accumulation in cotton." Thesis, Bangor University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402668.
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Baloch, Shereen Naz Rind. "Salt tolerance in cotton." Thesis, Bangor University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536472.
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Moor, Angelena Jane. "Enzymatic finishing of cotton." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250860.
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Olsen, Mary. "Cotton (Texas) Root Rot." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/346609.
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Revised 02/2015; Originally published: 2000.<br>The most important disease of woody dicotyledonous plants in Arizona is Phymatotrichopsis root rot (Cotton or Texas root rot) caused by a unique and widely distributed soil-borne fungus, Phymatotrichopsis omnivora. The fungus is indigenous to the alkaline, low-organic matter soils of the southwestern United States and central and northern Mexico.
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Ayala, Felix, and Jeffrey C. Silvertooth. "Physiology of Cotton Defoliation." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558537.
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Revised 06/2015. Originally published 07/2001.<br>3 pp.<br>This bulletin deals with the physiology of cotton defoliation and attempts to describe what conditions must exist inside the plant in order for defoliation to occur. It is important to understand the basic physiological processes involved in order for best crop management practices to accomplish a successful defoliation. The objectives of defoliating a cotton crop can be simply stated as: 1) to remove leaves to facilitate mechanical picking, 2) to maintain the quality of the lint, and 3) to complete defoliation with a single application of chemicals.
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Olsen, Mary W. "Cotton (Texas) Root Rot." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144800.
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4 pp.<br>Cotton root rot commonly causes a sudden wilt and death of susceptible plants in summer months but may also cause a slow decline, especially at cooler temperatures. So, positive identification of disease by an experienced person is essential. This publication addresses the symptoms, environmental conditions, disease, prevention and control methods, sampling, identifying susceptible plants and the tolerant and immune plants of cotton root rot.
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Silvertooth, Jeffrey C., and Eric R. Norton. "Cotton Defoliation Evaluations, 1998." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197039.
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A field experiment was conducted near Marana, AZ in 1998 to evaluate the effectiveness of a number of defoliation treatments on Upland (var. Stoneville 474) cotton.. All treatments consisted of materials commercially available in Arizona. Results reinforce general recommendations regarding the use of low rates (relative to the label ranges) under warm weather conditions and increasing rates as temperatures cool. Defoliation treatments of Ginstar alone did a satisfactory job of defoliation and regrowth/topgrowth contol and were very similar to Dropp + Def combination treatments. Adding Prep to Ginstar in this experiment did not improve defoliation or topgrowth control.
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Silvertooth, J. C., and E. R. Norton. "Cotton Defoliation Evaluations, 1999." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197458.
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Two field experiments were conducted near Marana and Coolidge, AZ in 1999 to evaluate the effectiveness of a number of defoliation treatments on Upland (var. DP 33b and AP 6101) cotton. All treatments consisted of materials commercially available in Arizona. Results reinforce general recommendations regarding the use of low rates (relative to the label ranges) under warm weather conditions and increasing rates as temperatures cool. Defoliation treatments of Ginstar alone did a satisfactory job of defoliation and regrowth/topgrowth contol and were very similar to treatments including Prep or Integrate. Adding Prep or Integrate to Ginstar in this experiment did not improve defoliation or topgrowth control.
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Firch, Robert S. "Inverted Cotton Futures Markets." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203915.
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Muramoto, H. "Tetraploid Caducous Bract Cotton." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203924.
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