Relevant bibliographies by topics / Council of Free Czechoslovakia

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Council of Free Czechoslovakia'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Council of Free Czechoslovakia"

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Trapl, Miloš, and Jana Burešová. "The Council of Free Czechoslovakia and Czechoslovak Exile in Australia in the 1970s and 1980s." Historica Olomucensia 51, no. 51 (December 11, 2016): 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/ho.2016.042.

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Trapl, Miloš, and Jana Burešová. "Contacts of the Council of Free Czechoslovakia with the Czechoslovak Post-February Exile in Australia (1948-1968)." Historica Olomucensia 49, no. 49 (December 11, 2015): 165–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/ho.2015.034.

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Sulyak, S. G. "V.A. Frantsev and Carpathian Rus." Rusin, no. 64 (2021): 89–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/64/5.

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Frantsev Vladimir Andreevich (April 4 (16), 1867 – March 19, 1942) – a Russian Slavicist, who authored more than 300 works on Slavic studies. He graduated from a Warsaw grammar school, then studied in the Imperial Warsaw University. In 1893–1895, V. Frantsev made several journeys abroad with the academic pupose. In 1895, he began to prepare for the master’s degree. In 1897, he went abroad and spent three years there. In 1899, V.A. Frantsev made a trip to Ugrian Rus, after which published an article “Review of the most important studies of Ugric Rus” in the Russian Philological Bulletin (1901, Nr. 1–2) in Warsaw. During his trip, V.A. Frantsev met and subsequently maintained contacts with prominent figures in the revival of Ugrian Rus. In 1899, he became Associate Professor of the Department of the History of Slavic Dialects and Literatures of the Imperial Warsaw University, in 1903 – an extraordinary professor, in 1907 – an ordinary professor. In 1900–1921, V.A. Frantsev lectured at the University of Warsaw, which in 1915 moved to Rostov-on-Don in connection with WWI. Teaching actively at the University, he devoted his free time to archival studies, working mainly in the Slavic lands of Austria-Hungary, where he went “for summer vacations” from 1901 to 1914. Sometimes he continued his work during the winter vacations and Easter holidays, as in 1906/07 and in 1907/08, when the university did not function due to student unrest. V.A. Frantsev reported to the “Society of History, Philology and Law” at the University of Warsaw, of which he was an active participant. In 1902–1907, Frantsev published almost all of his major works (except P.Y. Shafarik’s correspondence, published much later). Among them were his master’s thesis “An Essay on the History of the Czech Renaissance” (Warsaw, 1902), doctoral dissertation “Polish Slavic Studies in the late 18th and first quarter of the 19th century” (Prague, 1906), “Czech dramatic works of the 16th – 17th centuries” (Warsaw, 1903), etc. In 1909, during heated discussions on the future structure of Chełm-Podlasie Rus, he published “Maps of the Russian and Orthodox population of Chełm Rus with statistical tables”. In 1913, V.A. Frantsev became a member of the Czech Royal Society of Sciences. Since 1915, he was a corresponding member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg in the Department of Russian Language and Literature. He did not accept the October Revolution, yet never publicly opposed the new government. At the end of 1919, he received an offer from the Council of Professors of the Prague Charles University (Czechoslovakia) to head the Russian branch of the Slavic Seminar. In Czechoslovakia, he became a professor at Charles University. In 1927, he took Czechoslovak citizenship. V.A. Frantsev’s life was associated with the Russian emigration. He was a full member and chairman of the Russian Institute, as well as chairman of the “Russian Academic Group in Czechoslovakia”, deputy chairman of the “Union of Russian Academic Organizations Abroad”, a member of the Commission for the Study of Slovakia and Subcarpathian Rus. In 1924, the Uzhhorod “A. Dukhnovich Cultural and Educational Society” republished V.A. Frantsev’s From the Renaissance Era of Ugric Rus under the title On the Question of the Literary Language of Subcarpathian Rus and a brief From the History of Writing in Subcarpathian Rus (1929). In 1930, The Carpathian Collection was published in Uzhhorod, with Frantsev “From the history of the struggle for the Russian literary language in Subcarpathian Rus” in the preface. He spent his last years in Czechoslovakia occupied by Nazi Germany. V.A. Frantsev died on March 19, 1942, a few days before his 75th birthday. He is buried in the Olshansk cemetery in Prague.
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Yordanov, Radoslav. "Bittersweet solidarity: Cuba, Sugar and the Soviet bloc." Revista de Historia de América, no. 161 (July 12, 2021): 215–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35424/rha.161.2021.855.

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This paper traces the complex sugar trade between Cuba and the East European Socialist states (the German Democratic Republic, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and Hungary) from the Cuban revolution in 1959 until the dissolution of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) in 1991. To Cuba, selling its sugar to the Socialist states at above-world market prices was an expression of East European states’socialist solidarity. To the bloc states, it was a form of economic aid to Cuba. This formulation not only went against the preferred form of exchange within the CMEA, namely cooperation based on mutual interest but also incensed the Cubans who felt the revolution was entitled to the support of all Socialist states from Berlin to Moscow. Amid this complicated relationship, the reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev posed a serious challenge to Cuba, which was unprepared to face the free market. The result was a loss of foreign markets and a severe domestic crisis known as the Special Period. This work seeks to provide a new reading of the ebb and flow between Cuba and its Socialist trading partners, relying on the views expressed in the candid reports of the East European diplomats and experts, who were involved in the day-to-day managing of their respective states’ economic relations with the Caribbean nation. It is based on original research in foreign ministry, party, and security services archives of the East European states. It also utilizes primary material originating from the Cuban foreign ministry.
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Olexák, Peter. "„Sme za demokraciu.“ Kanonik Andrej Cvinček a jeho percepcia a realizácia demokracie." Kultúrne dejiny 13, no. 2 (2022): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54937/kd.2022.13.2.273-290.

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This paper focuses on the years 1945 – 1948. The Slovak historiography calls this era the “people’s democracy”. A people´s government and democracy itself were supposed to be the cornerstones of post-war Czechoslovakia. The word “democracy” had not only been used very often in public by the organiser of the Slovak people’s uprising (Slovenské národné povstanie), but it was a keyword in all important political documents. Those intellectuals who were part of the revolution were fighting for a functioning democratic system, plurality, free elections, a pluralistic party system and a government that was approved by parliament. These ideals first materialized in the foundation of the Slovenská národna rada (National Councilof the Slovak Republic) and the founding of the Demokratická strana (Democratic Party in Czechoslovakia) in Banská Bystrica. Andrej Cvinček, a canon from Nitra (Slovakia), was an active player in this process. Cvinček was not only a politician with a Christian background, he was a politician who stood up against secular tendencies within the state and was a proponent of conservative political opinions. Cvinček was a forceful advocate of the Christian weltanschauung and the axioms, principles, and interests of his church and religious bodies and organizations. This paper wants to analyze his view on and perception of democracy in post-war Czechoslovakia. Cvinček was hinting at the extreme divergence of what communists described to be a people’s democracy and the very communist reality: this was a warning of what to expect from the immanent rise of totality. Simultaneously, we need to raise the question of whether changes in the political system and society had an impact on the convictions and the career of a politician that was fighting for church interests and Christian principles. This paper is based on materials kept in archives, press articles of his time, and memoirs of his contemporaries. The aim of this paper is, to a lesser extent, to portray his political career, but the focus is being laid on the creation of a typology of how he perceived and understood democracy and how democratic ideas were implemented in the given years 1944 – 1948.
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Myatt, Ian. "Visit to Czechoslovakia by the Society's Chairman of Council." Journal of the Royal Society of Health 111, no. 6 (December 1991): 255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146642409111100622.

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Dzuričko, Stanislav. "Význam a prínos rokovaní Vatikánu a Československa v 60. rokoch 20. storočia v živote katolíckej cirkvi v Československu." Notitiae Historiae Ecclesiasticae 12, no. 2 (2023): 66–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54937/nhe.2023.12.2.66-82.

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The main objective of this study is analysis of the positions of the Vatican and Czechoslovakia during mutual negotiations, considering of political and social changes in 1960s with influences on the situation of catholic church in Czechoslovakia. In following paragraphs there are analyses of mutual relations between state and church in Czechoslovakia during the 1950s, which had an influences to situation and relations between state and church in 1960s, informations about the changes in eastern politic of Vatican, starting of negotiations in the context of Second council of Vatican, which has an influence on life of catholic church in Czechoslovakia, and finally there are analyses of mutual negotiations between Vatican and Czechoslovakia during the 1960s. Importance of the study is based mainly on the analyses of mutual negotiations and partial results of that negotiations, including the influences to concrete chapters of church life in Czechoslovakia in the historical context of individual events. That could contribute to detail exploring of mutual relationships between the czechoslovakian state aparate and catholic church. The main object of the study was fulfilled, although in the future it is not excluded that can occur as well as new historical insights on the issue.
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Almashiy, Volodymyr. "Socio-Political and Socio-Cultural Activities of the Union of Rusyns-Ukrainians in the Slovak Republic (1989-1993)." Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni: naukovì pošuki ì znahìdki, no. 29 (November 10, 2020): 226–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mzu2020.29.226.

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The given article, based on archival documents, provides the analysis of socio-political, socio-cultural, and educational activities of the Union of Rusyns-Ukrainians in the Slovak Republic, the updated name of which was adopted at the extraordinary Congress of the Cultural Union of Ukrainian workers of Czechoslovakia in January 20, 1990 in Prešov. The Cultural Union of Ukrainian Workers of Czechoslovakia of cultural orientation (founded in 1951), which was the predecessor of the new organization, is mentioned. According to the decision of the Congress, the reformed organization focused on strengthening the friendship and cooperation with the Slovak people, other nationalities in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, etc. It is noted that the return to the old name was seen by the Rusyn-Ukrainians of Eastern Slovakia as one of the means of identity struggle against the accelerated slovakization in the context of aggravation of interethnic relations in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic in the late 1980s and 1990s. The analysis of the adopted documents in which the Congress stated its intentions and requirements is given including: Program Proclamation of the Congress, the Memorandum of Rusyns-Ukrainians of Czechoslovakia to the Federal Assembly of Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, Slovak National Council and the SSR Government, the Statute of the Council of Rusyns-Ukrainians of Czechoslovakia, “Organization’s Work Plan for the Near Future”, which expressed the need to give priority to working with young people in and out of schools. The catastrophic decrease in the number of schools with the Ukrainian language of instruction is stated. The paper also notes the numerical grow and revitalization of other Ukrainian national associations and institutions in Slovakia willing to work in the field of cultural and national life of Rusyns-Ukrainians (Oleksander Dukhnovych Society, Rukh, “OBRUCH” Organization, Association of Ukrainians in the Czech Republic, Carpathians Youth Union, etc.)
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Kenealy, Andrew. "The Velvet Revolution's Best Supporting Actors: Shirley Temple Black and U.S. Embassy Prague, 19891." Journal of Cold War Studies 26, no. 1 (2024): 50–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_01191.

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Abstract This article discusses the contours of U.S. diplomacy in Czechoslovakia before and during the Velvet Revolution of 1989, showing how the U.S. embassy in Prague, in collaboration with the U.S. National Security Council (NSC) and State Department, crafted U.S. policy. Drawing on recently available primary materials (including declassified U.S. telegrams, Czechoslovak archival documents, unpublished memoirs, and original interviews), this article highlights the role of the U.S. embassy during the period from August to November 1989, including how key officials, above all Ambassador Shirley Temple Black, analyzed political developments, assisted Czechoslovak dissidents, and pursued extensive engagement with the Communist government. The article provides the first scholarly, granular account of U.S. diplomacy in Czechoslovakia during the November 1989 upheavals and contributes to the historiography on U.S. foreign policy and the end of the Cold War.
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Oleksiuk, Adam. "Alois Rašin – czeski i czechosłowacki ekonomista. Przegląd wybranych koncepcji, poglądów i doświadczeń." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.6872.

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Alois Rašín (1867-1923) was a Czech and Czechoslovak politician, economist, one of the founders of Czechoslovakia and its first finance minister. Alois Rašín is also the author of the first Czechoslovak law and the creator of the national currency, i.e. the Czechoslovak koruna. Rašín was a representative of conservative liberalism. The paper presents a review of Alois Rašín's concepts, views as the Minister of Finance of Czechoslovakia. Particular attention was paid to his efforts to regulate the currency and monetary system of Czechoslovakia, and to fight galloping inflation (hyperinflation). Rašín supported the free competition, believed in an entrepreneurial society, and believed that the state should strive to maintain a balanced budget.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Council of Free Czechoslovakia"

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Spring, Dawn. "Selling Brand America: The Advertising Council and the ‘Invisible Hand’ of Free Enterprise, 1941-1961." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1235745009.

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Kraiwattanapong, Somsri. "The senior citizen center, Mission Bay, San Francisco : ACSA/Wood Council student design competition." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845988.

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This thesis for the master of architecture degree focuses on the particular requirements for Senior Citizen Center in San Francisco.In the traditional society of the West, things did not change quickly, and people did not frequently move from one place to another; but this present-day society is one of dynamic suburbs; villages and towns can change their appearances in a very short time. The treatment of older people in contemporary society has caused many of them to feel alienated from the mainstream. Technical progress and the “rational” organization of present day civilization has largely eliminated the aged as persons having more experience that may beneficially be shared with the rest of us. I believe it is important to consider and respect the value of elderly people.My chosen program and site for this creative project is to design and solve the main problems of high density, the location, and the existing environments.In my own country of Thailand, there are only a few places specifically built for homeless elderly. It is very interesting therefore for me to explore and acquire knowledge for the design of Senior Citizen Center in the United States. There is a certain potential for this being useful someday in my own country.
Department of Architecture
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Vacínová, Sandra. "Rádio Svobodná Evropa a Československo v letech 1968-1980." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264357.

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This thesis deals with an overview of Czechoslovak Radio Free Europe (RFE) in the years 1968-1977. It analyzes, which comments RFE broadcasted during the Prague Spring and Soviet occupation by Warsaw Pact troops. The thesis discusses how the content of broadcasting changed after arrival of new editors in 1968 and what impact had activities of the State Sercet Security on the functioning of the Czechoslovak editorial. Finally, this thesis tries to answer the question of what effect had broadcasting on the citizens of Czechoslovakia. The first part of the thesis describes the origin of Radio Free Europe in 1951 and goes on to describe political events in Czechoslovakia in the years 1968 - 1977. The theoretical part is finished by chapter about the differences between communist and capitalist economic system and the economic situation in Czechoslovakia in the seventies. The second part of the thesis describes the general program of the Czechoslovak editorial staff and its functioning. The next chapter describes specific RFE broadcasting. The last two chapters examine the effect of broadcasting in the CSSR and the importance of the State Secret Security.
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Huf, Vladimír. "Československo a Rada vzájemné hospodářské pomoci v padesátých letech 20. století." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15804.

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This dissertation is devoted to the Czechoslovakian entry into the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) and the consequences of this membership on Czechoslovak economics in the following ten years. The thesis discourses about the reasons for the entry into the COMECON by analysing the postwar economic and political situation as well as the elements Czechoslovakia was expecting from it. The emphasis of this dissertation is on the first two years of the functioning of the COMECON, during which it was revealed to be primarily an instrument of Soviet politics, and which affected the transformation towards the preference for heavy indrustry. The intention of the thesis is to confirm that Czechoslovakia was suiting its economical structure to the needs of the Eastern Bloc, which were pursued through COMECON. The study also focuses on the analysis of changes in COMECON activity and their impact on the Czechoslovak economy over the years. The purpose of the thesis is to review the motives behind the Czechoslovak entry into COMECON along with the consequences COMECON membership had on Czechoslovakia in the first ten years of its existence.
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Weishaar, Heide Beatrix. "Stakeholder engagement in European health policy : a network analysis of the development of the European Council Recommendation on smoke-free environments." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11746.

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Background: With almost 80,000 Europeans estimated to die annually from the consequences of exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) and over a quarter of all Europeans being exposed to the toxins of cigarette smoke at work on a daily basis, SHS is a major European public health problem. Smoke-free policies, i.e. policies which ban smoking in public places and workplaces, are an effective way to reduce exposure. Policy options to reduce public exposure to SHS were negotiated by European Union (EU) decision makers between 2006 and 2009, resulting in the European Council Recommendation on smoke-free environments. A variety of stakeholders communicated their interests prior to the adoption of the policy. This thesis aims to analyse the engagement and collaboration of organisational stakeholders in the development of the Council Recommendation on smoke-free environments. Methods: The case study employs a mixed method approach to analyse data from policy documents, consultation submissions and qualitative interviews. Data from 176 consultation submissions serve as a basis to analyse the structure of the policy network using quantitative network analysis. In addition, data from these submissions, selected documents of relevance to the policy process and 35 in-depth interviews with European decision makers and stakeholders are thematically analysed to explore the content of the network and the engagement of and interaction between political actors. Results: The analysis identified a sharply polarised network which was largely divided into two adversarial advocacy coalitions. The two coalitions took clearly opposing positions on the policy initiative, with one coalition supporting and the other opposing comprehensive European smoke-free policy. The Supporters’ Alliance, although consisting of diverse stakeholders, including public health advocacy organisations, professional organisations, scientific institutions and pharmaceutical companies, was largely united by its members’ desire to protect Europeans from the harms caused by SHS and campaign for comprehensive European tobacco control policy. Seemingly coordinated and guided by an informal group of key individuals, alliance members made strategic decisions to collaborate and build a strong, cohesive force against the tobacco industry. The Opponents’ Alliance consisted almost exclusively of tobacco manufacturers’ organisations which employed a strategy of damage limitation and other tactics, including challenging the scientific evidence, critiquing the policy process and advancing discussions on harm reduction, to counter the development of effective tobacco control measures. The data show that the extent of tobacco company engagement was narrowed by the limited importance that industry representatives attached to opposing non-binding EU policy and by the companies’ struggle to overcome low credibility and isolation. Discussion: This study is the first that applies social network analysis to the investigation of EU public health policy and systematically analyses and graphically depicts a policy network in European tobacco control. The analysis corroborates literature which highlights the polarised nature of tobacco control policy and draws attention to the complex processes of information exchange, consensus-seeking and decision making which are integral to the development of European public health policy. The study identifies the European Union’s limited competence as a key factor shaping stakeholder engagement at the European level and presents the Council Recommendation on smoke-free environments as an example of the European Commission’s successful management of the policy process. An increased understanding of the policy network and the factors influencing the successful development of comprehensive European smoke-free policy can help to guide policymaking and public health advocacy in current European tobacco control debates and other areas of public health.
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Merta, Ondřej. "Vývoj československého zahraničního obchodu v letech 1945-1953." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-97026.

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The aim of this paper is to analyze the development of international trade in Czechoslovakia from the end of World War II to the period of "sovietization". The author will examine foreign trade during the first post war years. He will concentrate on international trade in Czechoslovakia during 1945 -- 1953, especially on the problem of restricting trade with West European countries and strengthening ties with the Eastern bloc. The contribution of this paper consists mainly of creating a compact view of Czechoslovakian foreign trade after World War II until the end of the first five year plan (after the communist revolution).
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Lisiecki, Georg. "Constraints on intra-industry trade between market and planned economies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670297.

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Henley, Joseph. "Some free and partly equal. A comparative study of United Nations Security Council member states foreign policies related to the protection of rights in sexual orientation and gender identity." Thesis, Webster University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1526237.

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This study sets out to review a comparison of membership within the United Nations Security Council and the Human Rights Council and how sexual orientation and gender (SOGI) rights are protected or promoted within a state's foreign policy. These states were selected due to the need of having a set within the 193 UN member states and by choosing the UNSC there is elimination of selection bias. Multilateralism carries many difficulties, and chief amongst this is the concept of human rights. Human rights in general are often contentious, and especially in the area of SOGI. Because SOGI rights are not explicitly guaranteed within the Universal Declaration of Human Rights or any of the major Human Rights Conventions many states contend that they cannot be recognized as they are new rights. However, advocates for SOGI rights call for the principle of equality pointing out that these are not new rights, simply recognizing the importance of equal rights for all.

There is little work done already to emphasize how foreign policy engages with sexual orientation. Instead there is plenty of research supporting the marginalization and discrimination against people because of their SOGI. Most studies deal with domestic situations. This study as an interdisciplinary approach blends quantitative, qualitative and legal focuses within expressed foreign policy and attempts to determine if there is any relationship between states that are involved within the United Nations Security Council, the Human Rights Council, and SOGI foreign policy. After a thorough review of the backgrounds related to SOGI of each selected state, each state is then measured across 2 indices each comprised of 4 factors to attempt to begin a valuation of the two subjects. The results appear to reflect that those states that are more involved within the UNSC and the Human Rights Council do tend to have a better record on SOGI within their foreign policy. However, these results can only be preliminary as more research is needed to fully understand how these two variables can interact with each other.

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Venosa, Robert Donato. ""Freedom Will Win—If Free Men Act!": Liberal Internationalism in an Illiberal Age, 1936-1956." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1588271691660565.

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Seifert, Lukáš. "Proměna teritoriální struktury zahraničního obchodu Československa v letech 1945-1953 se zaměřením na Sovětský svaz." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-360423.

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The thesis maps the change in the territorial structure of Czechoslovak foreign trade in 1945-1953. The aim of the study is verification of the hypothesis that allows for direct foreign trade policy constraints on political events. In other words, as the gradual political integration of Czechoslovakia into the Soviet bloc touched territorial structure of foreign trade. The text examines the changing trend in foreign trade, which has been shown by growth of the share of the USSR at the expense of the capitalist states, and addresses the question of whether and how much the Soviet Union could replace the liberal market economy. The work contributes to the knowledge of the functioning of the post-war period with foreign exchange trading and describes the influence of foreign trade by the disproportionately greater economic and political entity.
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Books on the topic "Council of Free Czechoslovakia"

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translator, Pacner Vojtěch, ed. Opuštění bojovníci: Historie Rady svobodného Československa 1949-1961. Praha: Academia, 2009.

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Nekola, Martin. Petr Zenkl: Politik a člověk. Praha: Mladá Fronta, 2014.

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Guzek, Marian. Creation of a free trade area: Czechoslovakia - Hungary - Poland : consequences for the Polish economy. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1992.

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Šmigel̕, Michal. UPA v svitli slovat︠s︡ʹkykh ta chesʹkykh dokumentiv (1945-1948). Toronto: Vyd-vo Litopys UPA, 2010.

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E, Moyes Rowena, A.C.T., Affordability and Choice Today (Program), Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation., Federation of Canadian Municipalities, and Canadian Home Builders' Association, eds. Preparing for barrier-free regulations: Prince Edward Island Council of the Disabled, inc. Ottawa: Canadian Home Builders' Association, 1996.

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Uys, J. R. J. Inventory of the archives of the Railway Committee of Council, 1903-1906: Free State Archives Depot. [Pretoria: Govt. Archives Service, 1987.

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Cánovas, Gustavo Vega. Mexico, the US and Canada: Issues and prospects for freer trade : presented to the Council on Foreign Relations, New York, November 5, 1990. Ottawa: Centre for Trade Policy and Law = Centre de droit et de politique commerciale, 1990.

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Smith, Murray G. The Mexico, United States and Canada trade talks: Getting off on the right foot? : presented to the Council on Foreign Relations, New York, November 5, 1990. Ottawa: Centre for Trade Policy and Law = Centre de droit et de politique commerciale, 1990.

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Oosthuizen, S. P. R. Register van die Provinsiale Raad van die Oranje-Vrystaat 1911-1986. Bloemfontein?: [s.n.], 1986.

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Centre, Brent Community Law, ed. Asbestos free home: A guide for council tenants and their advisers in fighting asbestos in the home. London: Brent Community Law Centre, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Council of Free Czechoslovakia"

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Müller, Martin, and Matthias C. Kettemann. "European Approaches to the Regulation of Digital Technologies." In Introduction to Digital Humanism, 623–37. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45304-5_39.

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AbstractFollowing years of a liberal approach to digital technologies, platforms, services, and markets, the EU has stepped up its action in recent years. The adoption of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation), OJ L 119, 1) in 2016 can be seen as a starting point for new regulations that are now enacted and proposed under the European Commission’s strategy “A Europe fit for the digital age.” This article will briefly summarize the contents of the GDPR as well as the Digital Services Act (DSA) (Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 October 2022 on a Single Market for Digital Services and amending Directive 2000/31/EC (Digital Services Act), OJ L 277, 1), Digital Markets Act (DMA) (Regulation (EU) 2022/1925 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 September 2022 on contestable and fair markets in the digital sector and amending Directives (EU) 2019/1937 and (EU) 2020/1828 (Digital Markets Act), OJ L 265, 1), Data Governance Act (DGA) (Regulation (EU) 2022/868 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2022 on European data governance and amending Regulation (EU) 2018/1724 (Data Governance Act), OJ L 152, 1), and the proposals for the Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) (Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down harmonized rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) and amending certain Union legislative acts, 21 April 2021, COM(2021) 206 final.) as well as the Data Act (Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on harmonized rules on fair access to and use of data (Data Act), 23 February 2022, COM(2022) 68 final.). We identify the underpinnings of the normative approach and its potential and shortcomings, thus providing an assessment of the role of Europe as a technology regulator more broadly and its relationship to digital humanism.
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Kow, Kwan Yee, and Ying Hooi Khoo. "Seeking Legitimation in Political Uncertainties: Reforming the Media." In Discursive Approaches to Politics in Malaysia, 97–115. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5334-7_6.

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AbstractThe media in Malaysia have long been controlled by censorship laws, and media bias has long been identified as a key hindrance to progressive discussion in the public sphere, as the government traditionally controls the media. The former Pakatan Harapan (PH) government made media reform promises in their election manifesto, which covered the repeal of laws deemed oppressive and a threat to free speech, and importantly, the support for self-regulation mechanisms through a media council. The Malaysian Media Council (MMC) was formed in December 2019 with 17 pro-tem committee members. Yet, the future of media reform is uncertain because systemic barriers remain. Besides the continued existence of censorship laws, some media organisations retain patronage by political parties and different sectors of society have distinct expectations of policy outcomes. Moreover, the fate of media reform is unclear after the Perikatan Nasional (PN) government came to power in late February 2020. This chapter employs a content analysis of press releases and news articles, supplemented by participant observation, to explore the legitimation of media reform. It first provides an overview of progress on media reform, and then analyses the challenges and barriers faced by members of the MMC and activists who fight for media reform. This chapter suggests that Malaysia is expected to continue to witness policies that limit media freedom rather than those that pursue media reform.
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Sutterlütti, Simon, and Stefan Meretz. "Commonism." In Make Capitalism History, 141–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14645-9_6.

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AbstractCommonism is an alternative to market economy and real socialism because it goes beyond their common basis of wage labour, money and private or state property. Products are not produced in the form of commodities that are sold for money, but as commons for the direct satisfaction of needs. The chapter discusses common questions such as “Who cares about waste disposal?” and focuses on the question of coordination and mediation through commoning. Stigmergy, a signal-based coordination mechanism that communicates needs, can be used to create ex-ante planning of re/production. Conflicts are an important part of a free society and are not resolved by a central institution as envisioned by the followers of council theory, but in many places in a polycentric coordination mechanism. This polycentric coordination allows for planning and aggregation as long as the needs of the (care-) workers involved and their (commons-) enterprises are included. It builds on meta-structures providing information such as CO2 emissions or expected shortages or helps negotiate conflicts. It creates a society that can overcome ethics as the basis of solidarity and create a logic of inclusion that makes the inclusion of others the best selfish option.
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Jirásek, Jiří. "From Monarchy to the Independent Czechoslovakia." In Comparative Constitutionalism in Central Europe : Analysis on Certain Central and Eastern European Countries, 57–71. Central European Academic Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54171/2022.lcslt.ccice_4.

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During the First World War, the attitude of Czech politicians to the idea of the existence of an independent state changed fundamentally. T. G. Masaryk, who became the main representative and agent of the efforts for independence, formed, together with his associates the Czech Foreign Committee, later transformed into the Czechoslovak National Council, which sought to win over the representatives of the Entente to the idea of an independent Czech state. The Czechoslovak National Council was gradually recognized in 1918 by the individual powers of the Entente as a provisional government. The fundamental document of the domestic policy was the Declaration of the Czech Deputies of the Imperial Council and Provincial Assemblies, also called the Epiphany Declaration, adopted on 6th January 1918, demanding the independence for its nation. T. G. Masaryk responded to the manifesto of Emperor Charles I on the federalization of the Austrian part of the monarchy, an attempt to save the empire, by solemnly declaring the Czechoslovak independence, which is also known as the Washington Declaration. It already presented the form of the Czechoslovak state –republic. Czechoslovakia was established as an independent state by a revolutionary act of the Czechoslovak National Committee on 28th October 1918, which on this day declared itself the government of the new state, the executor of state power and at the same time a legislative body. Already on 13th November 1918, the National Committee promulgated a Provisional Constitution. Given its provisional nature, the Revolutionary National Assembly had the most important role, to draft and approve the fundamental law of the state. The constitutional basis of the first pre-Munich republic became the Constitutional Charter of 1920. The approval of the constitution represents the culmination of the formation of the Czechoslovak state. The adoption of the Constitutional Charter of the Czechoslovak Republic in February 1920 meant the definitive break-up of the new republic with the constitutional-legal continuity and the tradition of Austrian constitutionality.
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"The Council of Trent." In Sin, Grace and Free Will - Vol. 2, 269–79. James Clarke & Co, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvhrd1q9.14.

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Hardi, Peter. "Energy generation in Central and Eastern Europe: the environmental problem." In Energy and the Environment, 107–26. Oxford University PressOxford, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198584131.003.0007.

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Abstract Dr Peter Hardi, a Hungarian political scientist, took his first and higher degrees at the Eotvos Lorand University in Budapest and was subsequently awarded an Academic Degree in Political Science by the Hungarian Academy. He has taught for twenty years at the Budapest University of Economics (formerly the Karl Marx University) and during the 1980s visited the United States both as a Visiting Professor at Yale and as a Research Associate at the Institute of East/West Studies in New York. In 1988, following his return to Budapest on being appointed Director of the Hungarian Institute of International Affairs, Peter Hardi became actively involved in the mounting controversy surrounding the construction of a major hydroelectric dam at Nagymaros, on the Danube Bend north of Budapest. This mega-project, sponsored and financed by both the Hungarian and Czechoslovak Governments, came under increasingly bitter attack from Hungarian liberals and environmentalists as soon as the process of political reform, which culminated in the ousting of the Communist regime, made free and uninhibited comment possible. Dr Hardi was appointed by the Hungarian Government to head a panel of international experts to report to Parliament on the environmental and economic implications of continuing the Nagymaros project, which had by then moved to the centre of national political debate. The ‘Hardi Report’found decisively against continuation and was largely responsible for the Hungarian Parliament’s decision, in 1989, to call a halt to construction at Nagymaros. Dr Hardi was subsequently appointed to his present position of Director of the Regional Environmental Centre for Central and Eastern Europe in Budapest; he is also a member of the Environmental Advisory Council of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
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Glevaňák, Michal. "Refleksja nad liturgicznym przygotowywaniem kandytatów do kapłaństwa po relegalizacji Kościoła greckokatolickiego w latach 1968–1990." In Liturgia szczytem i źródłem formacji, 104–16. Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/9788383700038.06.

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This paper attempts to present the issue of liturgical theology and liturgical training after 1968. It will also focus on the historical background of the teaching of liturgics. In 1968, there was a partial re-legalization of the Greek Catholic Church in the former Czechoslovakia. Somewhat restricted education and formation of Greek Catholic seminarians was carried out in the post-Vatican II period. Conclusions of the Council had an impact on the Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia, too. Concerning the teaching of liturgics, there was no scholarly literature available at that time and students were educated using older pre-Conciliar publications.
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Rychlík, Jan. "Czech-Slovak Relations in Czechoslovakia, 1918–1939." In Czechoslovakia in a Nationalist and Fascist Europe, 1918–1948. British Academy, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263914.003.0002.

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On October 28, 1918, the Czechoslovak state was proclaimed in Prague by the representatives of the main Czech political parties who formed the National Committee. In the proclamation addressed to the ‘Czechoslovak nation’, the Czech politicians claimed that the centuries-old dream of the nation has been realized. On October 30, the representatives of the Slovak political parties formed the Slovak National Council, which declared separation of Slovakia from Hungary. This chapter shows how Czechs and Slovaks welcomed the Czechoslovak state — but expected different things from it. It argues that the presumption of a single, unitary ‘Czechoslovak’ nation proved abortive from the very beginning, yet many Czechs failed to recognize this and therefore continued to underestimate the Slovak problem. That tended to undermine the country's raison d'être, which rested on the state rights of the majority population rather than on guarantees of an ethnic right. Autonomy was demanded by only one party, the Populists, and this did not command a majority among Slovaks at any point in the inter-war period. Nevertheless, their attachment to some form of separate status ran deep.
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Hagen, Trever. "Calling Out to Tune in: Radio Free Europe in Czechoslovakia." In Airy Curtains in the European Ether, 123–48. Nomos, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845236070-123.

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Mohamed, Sideek. "Council Directive 88/361/EEC." In European Community Law on the Free Movement of Capital and EMU, 326–47. Brill | Nijhoff, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004638334_024.

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Conference papers on the topic "Council of Free Czechoslovakia"

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Sastry, R. V., S. Karthik, Adithya R., Aravind Ravi, S. Indrapriyadarsini, Gagandeep Panwar, and A. G. Ramakrishnan. "Calibration-free SSVEP-based BCI Switch." In 2019 IEEE 16th India Council International Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indicon47234.2019.9028973.

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Kumar, Ashish, Rishi Sharma, Ashok K. Sharma, and Ajay Agarwal. "Label Free Identification of Glucose Using Flexible SERS Platforms." In 2019 IEEE 16th India Council International Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indicon47234.2019.9028851.

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Rawal, Divyang, and Nikhil Sharma. "MIMO Free Space Optical Communication Systems with Low Complexity QR-OSIC Detector." In 2017 14th IEEE India Council International Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indicon.2017.8487819.

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Verma, Yogesh Kumar, Soumya Kumari, and Saurabh Mani Tripathi. "Athermal Micro-ring Resonator with Large Free Spectral Range using Wide Ring Waveguide." In 2022 IEEE 19th India Council International Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indicon56171.2022.10039868.

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Kumar, Deepak, and A. G. Ramakrishnan. "Analysis of the key components of segmentation-free bilingual OCR for mobile phones." In 2022 IEEE 19th India Council International Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indicon56171.2022.10040036.

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S., Reshma, Shaila K., and Venugopal K.R. "An Energy Efficient Threat Free Protocol (ETP) for Data Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks." In 2019 IEEE 16th India Council International Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indicon47234.2019.9030284.

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Monga, Kanika, Nitin Chaturvedi, and S. Gurunarayanan. "Design of a Low Power 11T-1MTJ Non-Volatile SRAM Cell with Half-Select Free Operation." In 2020 IEEE 17th India Council International Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indicon49873.2020.9342435.

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Basu, Aishik, Bappaditya Das, and Chintan Kr Mandal. "A Method for Finding Multiple Large Rectangular Free Spaces in a Map with Convex and Concave Obstacles." In 2021 IEEE 18th India Council International Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indicon52576.2021.9691569.

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Dixit, Ankit, Dip Prakash Samajdar, and Navjeet Bagga. "Label-Free Biosensing using Dielectric Modulated GaAs1-x Sbx FinFET under Dry/Wet Environment." In 2021 IEEE 18th India Council International Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indicon52576.2021.9691731.

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Janwadkar, Sudhanshu, and Rasika Dhavse. "XOR-Free Approach Towards Realization of Low Pass FIR Filter in Bio-Medical Signal Acquisition : Vedic Multiplier-based ASIC Implementation." In 2023 IEEE 20th India Council International Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indicon59947.2023.10440759.

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Reports on the topic "Council of Free Czechoslovakia"

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Desk, Front. Towards a New Model of Schooling in Seychelles. Commonwealth of Learning (COL), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/11599/3981.

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This report prepared at the request of the Seychelles Ministry of Education presents a new model of schooling in Seychelles and makes a case for strengthening the Seychelles Institute of Distance and Open Learning. The new model proposes to leverage the best features of open schooling, e-learning, hybrid learning, and community tutoring to improve effectiveness. It envisages 12 years of free schooling within an academic framework managed by autonomous schools under a national school development council.
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Raffoul, Jaqueline. Documento de Trabalho. Departamento de Estudos Econômicos, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52896/dee.dt2.021.

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"Working Document" publications produced by Cade's (Administrative Council of Competition Defense) Department of Economic Studies is intended to disseminate economic studies relating to Cade's areas of activity, either to improve the analysis of mergers and acquisitions, or to help in the conduct investigation process harmful to free competition and to promote competition advocacy in the public and private sectors. In addition to giving visibility to the work of Cade's technical staff and people involved in related topics, it is expected to improve the institution's analysis.
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Goetsch, Arthur L., Yoav Aharoni, Arieh Brosh, Ryszard (Richard) Puchala, Terry A. Gipson, Zalman Henkin, Eugene D. Ungar, and Amit Dolev. Energy Expenditure for Activity in Free Ranging Ruminants: A Nutritional Frontier. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696529.bard.

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Heat production (HP) or energy expenditure for activity (EEa) is of fundamental nutritional importance for livestock because it determines the proportion of ingested nutrients available for productive functions. Previous estimates of EEa are unreliable and vary widely with different indirect methodologies. This leads to erroneous nutritional strategies, especially when intake on pasture does not meet nutritional requirements and supplementation is necessary for acceptable production. Therefore, the objective of this project was to measure EEa in different classes of livestock (beef cattle and goats) over a wide range of ecological and management conditions to develop and evaluate simple means of prediction. In the first study in Israel, small frame (SF) and large frame (LF) cows (268 and 581 kg) were monitored during spring, summer, and autumn. Feed intake by SF cows per unit of metabolic weight was greater (P < 0.001) than that by LF cows in both spring and summer and their apparent selection of higher quality herbage in spring was greater (P < 0.10) than that of LF cows. SF cows grazed more hours per day and walked longer distances than the LF cows during all seasons. The coefficient of specific costs of activities (kJ•kg BW-0.75•d-1) and of locomotion (J•kg BW-0.75•m-1) were smaller for the SF cows. In the second study, cows were monitored in March, May, and September when they grazed relatively large plots, 135 and 78 ha. Energy cost coefficients of standing, grazing, and horizontal locomotion derived were similar to those of the previous study based on data from smaller plots. However, the energy costs of walking idle and of vertical locomotion were greater than those found by Brosh et al. (2006) but similar to those found by Aharoni et al. (2009). In the third study, cows were monitored in February and May in a 78-ha plot with an average slope of 15.5°, whereas average plot slopes of the former studies ranged between 4.3 and 6.9°. Energy cost coefficients of standing, grazing, and walking idle were greater than those calculated in the previous studies. However, the estimated energy costs of locomotion were lower in the steeper plot. A comparison on a similar HP basis, i.e., similar metabolizable energy (ME) intake, shows that the daily energy spent on activities in relation to daily HP increased by 27% as the average plot slope increased from 5.8 and 6.02 to 15.5°. In the fourth study, cows grazing in a woodland habitat were monitored as in previous studies in December, March, and July. Data analysis is in progress. In the first US experiment, Boer and Spanish does with two kids were used in an experiment beginning in late spring at an average of 24 days after kidding. Two does of each breed resided in eight 0.5-ha grass/forb pastures. Periods of 56, 60, 63, 64, and 73 days in length corresponded to mid-lactation, early post-weaning, the late dry period, early gestation, and mid-gestation. EEa expressed as a percentage of the ME requirement for maintenance plus activity in confinement (EEa%) was not influenced by stocking rate, breed, or period, averaging 49%. Behavioral activities (e.g., time spent grazing, walking, and idle, distance traveled) were not highly related to EEa%, although no-intercept regressions against time spent grazing/eating and grazing/eating plus walking indicated an increase in EEa% of 5.8 and 5.1%/h, respectively. In the second study, animal types were yearling Angora doeling goats, yearling Boer wether goats, yearling Spanish wether goats, and Rambouilletwether sheep slightly more than 2 yr of age. Two animals of each type were randomly allocated to one of four pastures 9.3, 12.3, 4.6, and 1.2 ha in area. The experiment was conducted in the summer with three periods, 30, 26, and 26 days in length. EEa% was affected by an interaction between animal type and period (Angora: 16, 17, and 15; Boer: 60, 67, and 34; Spanish: 46, 62, and 42; sheep: 22, 12, and 22% in periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively (SE = 6.1)). EEa% of goats was predicted with moderate accuracy (R2 = 0.40-0.41) and without bias from estimates of 5.8 and 5.1%/h spent grazing/eating and grazing/eating plus walking, respectively, determined in the first experiment; however, these methods were not suitable for sheep. These methods of prediction are simpler and more accurate than currently recommended for goats by the National Research Council.
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Koning, Arjan, and Roberto Capote Noy, eds. Report of the IAEA Nuclear Data Section to the International Nuclear Data Committee for the period January 2016 - December 2017. IAEA Nuclear Data Section, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.61092/iaea.0mqz-qj78.

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This report contains details of the main activities of the IAEA Nuclear Data Section (NDS) during 2016 and 2017, and is provided as information to the International Nuclear Data Committee (INDC). NDS staff and affiliated consultants have focused their work on analysing and fulfilling data development needs and ensuring adequate, trouble-free services to all users in Member States. The present information is complemented with descriptions of other related activities in the reporting period, including meetings and publications. The atomic and molecular data projects are presented to the INDC for information only, since these specific activities are reviewed in depth by the Atomic and Molecular Data for Fusion Subcommittee of the International Fusion Research Council.
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Patron, Maria Carmela, and Marilou P. Costello. The DMPA service provider: Profile, problems and prospects, August 1995. Population Council, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1995.1024.

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This report presents the results of interviews conducted with 60 trained DMPA service providers from seven of the ten local government units (LGUs) covered by Phase I of the Philippine Department of Health's DMPA Reintroduction Program. DMPA, or Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate, is an injectable contraceptive commonly known as Depo-Provera. The interviews were undertaken as part of the DMPA Monitoring and Follow-up Studies sponsored by the Population Council under the Asia and Near East Operations Research and Technical Assistance (ANE OR/TA) Project. While the monitoring study and the follow-up survey focused on DMPA users and dropouts, this study centered on the service provider. The DMPA Reintroduction Program was launched by the DOH in April 1994 by the Philippine Bureau of Food and Drugs. The program aims to reintroduce DMPA into the Philippine Family Planning Program through training local-level doctors, nurses, and midwives as service providers, and providing free DMPA services in selected public health facilities.
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Iatsyshyn, Anna V., Iryna H. Hubeladze, Valeriia O. Kovach, Valentyna V. Kovalenko, Volodymyr O. Artemchuk, Maryna S. Dvornyk, Oleksandr O. Popov, Andrii V. Iatsyshyn, and Arnold E. Kiv. Applying digital technologies for work management of young scientists' councils. [б. в.], June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4434.

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The publication explores the features of the digital technologies’ usage to organize the work of the Young Scientists’ Councils and describes the best practices. The digital transformation of society and the quarantine restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have forced the use of various digital technologies for scientific communication, the organization of work for youth associations, and the training of students and Ph.D. students. An important role in increasing the prestige of scientific activity and encouraging talented young people to participate in scientific projects belongs to the Young Scientists’ Councils, which are created at scientific institutions and higher education institutions. It is determined that the peculiarities of the work of Young Scientists’ Councils are in providing conditions for further staff development of the institution in which they operate; contribution to the social, psychological and material support of young scientists and Ph.D. students; creating an environment for teamwork and collaborative partnership; development of leadership and organizational qualities; contribution to the development of digital competence. The advantages of using electronic social networks in higher education and research institutions are analyzed, namely: general popularity and free of charge; prompt exchange of messages and multimedia data; user-friendly interface; availability of event planning functions, sending invitations, setting reminders; support of synchronous and asynchronous communication between network participants; possibility of access from various devices; a powerful tool for organizing the learning process; possibility of organization and work of closed and open groups; advertising of various events, etc. Peculiarities of managing the activity of the Young Scientists’ Council with the use of digital technologies are determined. The Young Scientists’ Council is a social system, and therefore the management of this system refers to social management. The effectiveness of the digital technologies’ usage to manage the activities of the Young Scientists’ Council depends on the intensity and need for their use to implement organizational, presentation functions and to ensure constant communication. The areas to apply digital technologies for the work managing of Young Scientists’ Councils are sorted as the presentation of activity; distribution of various information for young scientists; conducting questionnaires, surveys; organization and holding of scientific mass events; managing of thematic workgroups, holding of work meetings. It is generalized and described the experience of electronic social networks usage for organizing and conducting of scientific mass events.
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Haider, Huma. Fostering a Democratic Culture: Lessons for the Eastern Neighbourhood. Institute of Development Studies, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.131.

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Political culture is the values, beliefs, and emotions that members of a society express about the political regime and their role in it (Pickering, 2022, p. 5). Norms, values, attitudes and practices considered integral to a “culture of democracy”, according to the Council of Europe, include: a commitment to public deliberation, discussion, and the free expression of opinions; a commitment to electoral rules; the rule of law; and the protection of minority rights; peaceful conflict resolution. The consolidation of democracy involves not only institutional change, but also instilling a democratic culture in a society (Balčytienė, 2021). Research on democratic consolidation in various countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) finds that a key impediment to consolidation is the persistence of old, authoritarian political culture that undermines political and civic participation. This rapid review looks at aspects of democratic culture and potential ways to foster it, focusing on educational initiatives and opportunities for civic action — which comprise much of the literature on developing the values, attitudes and behaviours of democracy. Discussion on the strengthening of democratic institutions or assistance to electoral processes is outside the scope of the report.
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Shanks, Rachel, and Nneoma Dike. School Clothing in Scotland Research Brief. University of Aberdeen, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57064/2164/22140.

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Summary and main findings 1.Twelve of the 32 local authorities automatically pay school clothing grant to families who receive a qualifying benefit administered by the local authority such as Housing Benefit or income-related Council Tax reduction. 2.School uniform banks report difficulties that are created for families through uniform policies, for example requiring 100% black shoes, items with logos, tartan and hard to find colours, such as turquoise or maroon. 3.In 2022-23 there was a drop in the number of children for whom school clothing grant was awarded while the percentage of children living in poverty increased. A possible explanation for this drop is the provision of universal free school meals. Previously families would have been applying for both free school meals and clothing grant at the same time. This highlights the need to make it easier to receive school clothing grant. 4.Local authorities do not record information in terms of the Scottish Government’s 6 priority family groups for those applying for and/or receiving school clothing grant. Thus, local authorities cannot monitor if certain groups are less likely to apply for or receive the grant under their local Child Poverty Action Plans. 5.Eighteen local authorities have never paid more than the national minimum school clothing grant. However, other local authorities have taken a different approach, for example, in 2023-2024 East Dunbartonshire is providing double the national minimum school clothing grant (£240 for primary and £300 for secondary pupils). In 2022-2023 six authorities made an extra payment over the winter months ranging from £20 to £150.
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Olsson, Olle. Industrial decarbonization done right: identifying success factors for well-functioning permitting processes. Stockholm Environment Institute, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.034.

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1 Introduction 1.1 The urgency of industrial decarbonization The last few years have seen several of the world’s largest carbon dioxide-emitting countries and leading heavy industry companies committing to mid-century net-zero targets (Buckley 2021; Denyer and Kashiwagi 2020; McCurry 2020; Myers 2020). Consequently, the discussion on economy-wide transition to net-zero is accelerating, with focus shifting from “if” to “when” and “how”, even for heavy industry sectors like steel, cement and chemicals. This makes it increasingly urgent to analyse not just whether it is technologically feasible to decarbonize heavy industry, but also investigate issues more directly related to practical implementation. This includes site-specific planning, infrastructure availability, and consultation with local authorities and other stakeholders. Many of the latter considerations are formalized as part of the permitting processes that are an essential vehicle to ensure that industrial interests are balanced against interests of society at large. However, doing this balancing act can turn out to be very complicated and associated with uncertainties as to their outcome, as well as being demanding in resources and time. At the same time, to ensure broad buy-in and support from society, the investments needed must be implemented in a way that takes a broad spectrum of sustainability concerns into account, not just climate change mitigation. A key question is if and how permitting processes can run more smoothly and efficiently while still ensuring inclusive consultations, fair procedures and adherence to legal certainty. This policy brief discusses this question from the starting point of Swedish conditions, but many of the points raised will be relevant for a broader international discussion on taking industrial decarbonization to implementation. 1.2 Industrial transition and permitting processes in Sweden Decarbonization of the industrial sector in Sweden essentially entails a relatively small number of investment projects in the cement, steel, petrochemical and refinery sectors, where the vast majority of carbon emissions are concentrated (Karltorp et al. 2019; Nykvist et al. 2020). However, while few in number, the size of these investments means that their implementation will by necessity become relevant to many other parts of society. In connection with the increasing focus on how to implement industrial decarbonization in Sweden, discussions about permitting processes have been brought higher up on the agenda. While there has been an active discussion on permitting processes in Sweden for quite some time, it has primarily been focused on aspects related to mining and wind power (Larsen et al. 2017; Raitio et al. 2020). The last few years have, however, focused increasingly on industrial projects, in particular related to a proposed – though eventually cancelled – expansion of an oil refinery in the southwestern part of the country (Blad 2020). In terms of political discussions, both the governmental initiative Fossil-free Sweden (2020) and the Swedish Climate Policy Council (2020) emphasize that permitting processes need to become faster in order for Sweden’s industrial transition to be implemented in line with the time plan set by the 2017 Swedish Climate Act. Business representatives and organizations are also voicing concerns about the slow speed of permitting (Balanskommissionen 2019; Jacke 2018). At the same time, criticism has been raised that much of the environmental damage done in Sweden comes from activities conducted within limits set by environmental permits, which could be a flaw in the system (Malmaeus and Lindblom 2019). Finally, recent public inquiries have also discussed permitting processes.
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