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Journal articles on the topic 'Council offices'
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1
Supriyadi, Endang, Maya Sofiana, and Rita Wahyuni. "Green Office Concept Assessment Study In The Council Show The Office Care." Majalah Ilmiah Bijak 17, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31334/bijak.v17i1.830.
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One of the global problems that is currently happening is increasingly serious environmental damage. Offices from companies/organizations have a major contribution to environmental damage. Various calmities that occur at this time, are not accidental, Fire, landslides, and floods are indications of environmental damage. With these conditions various efforts by the green movement were made to create environmentally friendly offices. From the top level to the bottom, companies/organizations must caretop level to the bottom, companies / organizations must care and participate with the environment. Participating in realizing office buildings that are environmentally friendly is not necessary with activities that require large amounts of energy, time and cost, but enough for activities that we consider small but have a big impact on saving the environment are very meaningful, such as energy efficiency (saving electricity and water) and greening including. The purpose of this paper is to describe the alternative strategic steps taken to achieve the concept of green office to create environmentally friendly offices. The writing method used is the research methodology used in this study using descriptive research methodology or literature review. The results showed that there were company committed to implementing a green office including PT Mandiri (Persero) Tbk., Surakarta in Central Java
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Mariana, Mariana, Darmawan Darmawan, and Suhaimi Suhaimi. "Pengawasan terhadap Notaris yang Tidak Membuka Kantor." Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 21, no. 3 (February 13, 2020): 473–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/kanun.v21i3.11836.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji akibat hukum terhadap notaris yang tidak membuka kantor, dikaitkan dengan pengawasannya. Setelah pengambilan sumpah dan pelantikan, notaris wajib menjalankan jabatannya secara nyata yaitu salah satunya wajib membuka kantor. Kenyataanya masih ditemukan notaris yang tidak membuka kantor. Metode penelitian ini adalah yuridis empiris, dengan mengkaji ketentuan hukum yang berlaku serta apa yang terjadi dalam kenyataan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akibat hukum bagi notaris yang tidak membuka kantor, Majelis Pengawas Daerah bisa merekomendasikan kepada Majelis Pengawas Wilayah dan Majelis Pengawas Pusat untuk menjatuhkan sanksi terhadap notaris yang kantor tidak dibuka. Diharapkan Majelis Pengawas Daerah lebih tegas dalam melakukan pengawasan terhadap notaris yang tidak membuka kantor, melakukan pemeriksaan dan pembinaan secara rutin kepada notaris supaya tidak ada notaris yang tidak membuka kantor, dan notaris bisa melaksanakan tugas dan kewajibannya sesuai dengan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Supervision of Notary That Does not Open an Office This study aims to examine the legal consequences of notaries who do not open offices, linked to their supervision. After taking an oath and inauguration, the notary is obliged to carry out his position significantly, one of which must open an office. The fact is still found notary who does not open an office. The research method is empirical juridical, by reviewing the applicable legal provisions and what is happening in the reality of society. The results showed that the legal consequences for notaries who did not open offices, the Regional Supervisory Council could recommend to the Regional Supervisory Council and the Central Supervisory Council will impose sanctions. It is hoped that the Regional Supervisory Council will be more assertive in supervising notaries, conduct regular checks and guidance so that there are no notaries who do not open offices, and notaries can carry out their duties and obligations in accordance with applicable laws.
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Welch, Susan, and Donley T. Studlar. "The Effects of Candidate Gender on Voting for Local Office in England." British Journal of Political Science 18, no. 2 (April 1988): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400005093.
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There has been considerable controversy over the reasons why women hold less than 20 per cent of all local council offices in England. Using a simple model of the votes a candidate might be expected to receive, this Note uses data from the 1985 English non-metropolitan county council elections to shed light on the paucity of women in local elected office. Our analysis evaluates the following alternative explanations for the low proportions of women in local office:1. Relatively few women are selected by parties to run for local office;2. Parties tend to nominate their women candidates for unwinnable races;3. Voters disproportionately vote against women candidates.
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Hinds, Charles, and Neil Soni. "Report from the ESICM ESICM March 2003 Brussels." Journal of the Intensive Care Society 4, no. 2 (June 2003): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175114370300400217.
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This years Council meeting was held in the ESICM Offices out near the Airport which is an interesting drive from Gare Midi across the part of Brussels not advertised in the travel brochures. It is curious to note that the high speed link between Waterloo and the Brussels Office is still incomplete between London and the Tunnel but also between Central Brussels and the Offices. Hence the cab. However the weather was great with the sun shining over the rather modern Industrial Estate and with the cerulean blue skies reflected in the windows of the Erasme Hospital.
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Adamski, Dariusz, Anna Amrogowicz, Mieczysław Białobrzeski, Dawid Naprawca, and Katarzyna Pliszczyńska. "Archiwum zakładowe Izby Administracji Skarbowej w Krakowie. Organizacja i zasób archiwalny." Krakowski Rocznik Archiwalny 26 (2020): 141–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/12332135kra.20.005.13553.
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Archives of the Chamber of Fiscal Administration in Krakow. Organisation and archival resources The archives of the Chamber of Fiscal Administration in Krakow is an independent unit within the structure of the Malopolska fiscal administration. It was established in 2015 based on the employment archives and repository of fiscal records of the Chamber and all tax offices in the Malopolska region, and in 2017 its resources were expanded by the consolidated records of customs and fiscal control offices from the region. At the end of 2020, the archives of the Chamber in Krakow possessed approx. 45,000 metres of records, including around 550 metres of archival documentation. They were taken care of by 25 employees, working in 35 locations and 131 storage rooms throughout the whole region. They include records from a total of 501 organisational units, in which approx. 4,700 clerks and officers worked.The resources of the archives of the Chamber in Krakow consist, to a significant extent, of documentation created by tax and customs bodies in the last dozen years or so, however, the archival materials also include numerous records of bodies that no longer exist, most frequently legal predecessors of, among others, the Regional Liquidation Office in Krakow, the Control-Review Inspectorate in Krakow, the Regional Board of State Income and Financial Control in Krakow, and financial departments of various national council bureaus e.g. the Krakow-Old Town District National Council Bureau or the Directorate of Customs in Krakow.
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Chandrasekar, K. S., and Mr Legesse Gudura Mamo. "The Impacts of Different Dimensions of Supply Chain Integrations on Operational Performance Outcome Efficiency in the Fruit Supply Chain Management: A Comparative Study of Kerala and Sidama Zone." Restaurant Business 118, no. 8 (August 9, 2019): 212–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i8.7679.
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The present study was undertaken with main objective of the impact of different dimensions of supply chain integration on operational outcome efficiency in the fruit supply chain on the comparative bases between Kerala state and Sidama Zone. For the purpose of the study, both primary and secondary sources of data/information were comprehensively revised and analyzed. Primary data were collected from 384 the fruit sellers in each study area (Kerala state and Sidama Zone). Whereas Secondary data sources were obtained from review of related books, journals, magazines, internet websites and Horticulture Mission Office, Vegetables and fruit promotions council office, Farm Information Bureau of Kerala State, districts revenue offices, districts' agricultural offices, trade and industry office, health sectors, recorded documents and annual reports in both the study areas. The collected data were organized and interpreted using statistical tools such as percentage, frequencies, means and econometric model i.e. multiple linear regressions. The result of multiple linear regression analysis shows that independent variables such as storage facility, inventory management, transportation access, procurement, internal integrations and eternal integrations were found to have significant effects on the fruits supply chain management operational performance outcome efficiency in both the study areas. Based on the findings, certain recommendations were forwarded to improve the supply chain operational performance of the fruits.
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Harris, Rob. "Defining and measuring the productive office." Journal of Corporate Real Estate 21, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcre-05-2018-0016.
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Purpose This paper aims to provide a perspective on the office productivity debate, with a particular focus on providing a framework for examining those factors relating to the design and management of the office environment. Design/methodology/approach The approach taken has been to examine the plethora of factors that might be involved, principally through a literature review, and then to group these into four generic areas of enquiry. Within each of these, potential measures of productivity are described, and these are connected to building lifecycle decisions. Findings Combined, the findings produce a practical framework within which various actors in the design, delivery and management offices can understand and influence the productivity question. In this way, the findings have practical implications rather than simply describing the factors that influence productivity. Originality/value The paper develops a report produced in 2017 for the British Council for Offices. Building on the main findings of the original work, this paper expands the literature review, provides more context regarding the significance of office productivity and expands upon the conclusions. The author fully acknowledges the contributions of the whole research team behind the original paper. The originality of the work lies in its development of a framework that can be applied by practitioners in the built environment.
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Loretan-Saladin, Adrian. "Swiss Synodality after the Second Vatican Council." Ecumeny and Law 8 (December 31, 2020): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/eal.2020.08.04.
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Quod omnes tangit, ab omnibus tractari et approbari debent. (Cardinal Congar) The canonists have been developing the rule of law of Western Europe. After there had been much debate (Acts 15:7), they decided together with the Holy Spirit. The Apostolic Nuncio gave the permission for lay persons (including women) to participate at the Synod. Synod ’72 is a process involving seven synods of local Churches in Switzerland. As an instrument of “processing” Vatican II, Synod ’72 discussed implementation options like Ecclesiastical Offices of the local Church. (LG 33; Paul VI’s Ministeria quaedam; John Paul II’s Christifedles laici; c. 228 CIC 1983). The tradition of shared decision-making of the baptised was been activated.
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Kitler, Waldemar. "Organizational preparation of central public administration bodies to manage the implementation of defense tasks. Part II. Organization of administrative offices of the supreme government administration bodies for the coordination of defense tasks." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 198, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 780–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5860.
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The second part of the report on the research on the organizational preparation of administrative offices supporting the supreme government administration bodies in the implementation of defense tasks is devoted to the characteristics and assessment of the organization of organizational units of administrative offices supporting the Council of Ministers, the prime minister, and the ministers managing government administration departments. The extensive nature of tasks in this matter and, consequently, the responsibility for their implementation resting on the Council of Ministers, the prime minister and ministers, is the basis for assessing the current state of organization of the administrative governments serving these bodies. Already in the Constitution and in ordinary acts, the role of the Council of Ministers and the prime minister were appreciated, with less attention being paid to ministers and heads of government administration departments. After 2010, the legal conditions for ensuring a uniform organizational and substantively competent structure of administrative offices in terms of defense, and more broadly also national security, were even worse. Only after 2016, and especially starting from 2019, hopeful organizational changes took place in this matter. And all this in view of the apparent lack of appropriate regulations in the field of defense law. The research leads to the conclusion that a holistic approach to national security issues, including national defense, is necessary to recognize the criteria of necessary legal and organizational changes to achieve planning, organizational, coordination, and control capabilities of the supreme government administration bodies in the field of defense.
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Sharov, Konstantin. "Ancient Rome and female administrators." ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition 13, no. 1 (2019): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2019-13-1-106-114.
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The titles “mothers of cities” and “patronesses (protectresses) of cities” were awarded in the Roman Empire by the city council or local Senate of the city in question. The paper is an attempt to understand what was the relationship between the women who wore these titles and the citizens who awarded them. It is concluded that the agreement to accept the titles of “mothers” and “patronesses” of cities and the implementation of corresponding activities within the relevant offices, allowed Roman women to enter the system of social power in the Empire, thus bypassing the legislative prohibition for women to occupy a political office and participate in elections.
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Domański, Czesław. "Activity of statistical institutions in Łódź in the interwar period." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 63, no. 6 (June 28, 2018): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0675.
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The article briefly discusses the creation and activity of statistical institutions in the Łódź region during the interwar years. In particular, the history of the Statistical Department at the City Council of Łódź, established by the City Council on 19 September, 1917, was presented. The Department functioned from 1 January, 1918 and its most important task was to conduct censuses of the population, one of the largest and most difficult statistical undertakings. In the discussed period, the urban statistics of Łódź covered the most important spheres of the city’s life, including state and municipal offices.
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Corell, Hans. "Third Legal Advisers’ Meeting at UN Headquarters in New York." American Journal of International Law 87, no. 2 (April 1993): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203827.
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On October 26 and 27, 1992, a meeting was held of the heads of the offices responsible for international legal services of the foreign ministries of the member states of the United Nations—the Legal Advisers. The meeting—the third of its kind—was organized at the invitation of the Legal Advisers of Canada, India, Mexico, Poland and Sweden, and with the assistance of the Legal Counsel of the United Nations, Under-Secretary-General Carl-August Fleischhauer. Thirty Legal Advisers and sixteen of their deputies attended, together with nearly fifty other interested participants. All five colleagues representing the permanent members of the Security Council were present.
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Corell, Hans. "Legal Advisers Meet at UN Headquarters in New york." American Journal of International Law 85, no. 2 (April 1991): 371–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002930000010113.
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On October 29 and 30, 1990, a meeting was held of the heads of the offices responsible for international legal services of the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of the member states of the United Nations—the Legal Advisers. The meeting was organized at the invitation of the Legal Advisers of the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of Canada, India, Mexico, Poland and Sweden, and with the assistance of the Legal Counsel of the United Nations, Under-Secretary-General Carl-August Fleischhauer. Some twenty-five Legal Advisers and thirty-two of their deputies or other representatives attended, including all five colleagues representing the permanent members of the Security Council.
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Bong-Seok Choi. "An Analysis of Obligation of Prohibition of Concurrent Offices to Local Council Members." Local Government Law Journal 11, no. 2 (June 2011): 3–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21333/lglj.2011.11.2.001.
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Lewis, I. M. "Report of the Honorary Director for 1987." Africa 58, no. 1 (January 1988): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972000078074.
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The Institute's sixtieth Executive Council meeting took place at the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in Lisbon in September 1987 and was preceded by a Gulbenkian Foundation workshop on Social Science and Development in sub-Saharan Africa in which most of those who attended the Council meeting participated. We are very grateful to our Portuguese Executive Council member, Dr Victor de Sa Machado, and his Gulbenkian colleagues for arranging the meeting, which, through the good offices of Carlos Medeiros, was jointly organised with our Portuguese partner, CEPCEP (Centro de Estudos dos Povos e Culturas de Expressao Portuguesa). Dr Roberto Carneiro, the Minister of Education, presided at the closing ceremony at this very useful stocktaking of Africanist research which underlined the continuing international role of the International African Institute.
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Hasani, Alireza, and Zahra Nouri. "Conflict Detection in the Ownership Documents and Procedure to Deal with It." Journal of Politics and Law 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2017): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v10n2p169.
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This research is procedure of dealing with adverse ownership documents that research method is analytical and library and descriptive and has been collected by relying on the texts of laws and procedures and circulars, articles, researches, and books that have been published on this subject and as well as experimental observations of the author. Reference to adjust and register contracts and ownership documents are notary public offices in accordance with Article one of a law of notary public offices approved 25 July 1977. Registration offices as higher than the reference of notary public offices have had a major and fundamental role in issuing ownership documents in accordance with provisions of the law the Real Estate Registration approved in 1931, as in accordance with Article 22 of law of Real Estate Registration as soon as the land property was registered in a notary public office, the government will know only a person as an owner who the land property has been registered in his/her name or a person who mentioned land property has been transferred to him/her and this transfer has been registered in a notary public office or the mentioned land property is reached from formal owner for him/her by inheritance. With increasing population growth, the differences have been achieved and courts of Iran have been encountered for years with the problem of litigation arising from the way of transfer of immovable land property. Islamic law has allowed this transition only with the agreement of two people, but the text of the law of registration has created this suspicion that the transfer must be done by an official document. It has been tried in this research that we examine the conditions of meeting the conflict of land property and conflict detection in ownership documents and we explain the role of court in addressing the adverse estates and administrative penalties for offenders with the duties of the Supreme Council for Registration.
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Roele, Isobel. "Around Arendt’s table: Bureaucracy and the non-permanent members of the UN Security Council." Leiden Journal of International Law 33, no. 1 (November 28, 2019): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156519000645.
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AbstractNon-permanent members’ strategies to augment their influence in the United Nations Security Council usually seek parity of status with the permanent members. A more radical and transformative strategy would seek to change the Council itself. Working methods reform holds more potential in this respect than composition reform. At present, however, working methods reform is oriented to increasing non-permanent members’ status and focuses on redistributing administrative roles like sub-committee chairing and penholding. The price non-permanent members pay for their offices, however, is bureaucratic drudgery, which both keeps them from pursuing their own political priorities, and socializes them into the permanent members’ rhythms of work. Using Hannah Arendt’s concepts of work, labour, and natality, this contribution analyses strategies for influence in the Security Council, and offers a negative reading of Arendt’s ideas to suggest that non-permanent members should present a more obstructive counterforce in the Council, by cultivating their difference.
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Rodríguez-Breijo, Vanessa, Núria Simelio, and Pedro Molina-Rodríguez-Navas. "Council Press Offices as Sources of Political Information: Between Journalism for Accountability and Propaganda." Future Internet 13, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi13020034.
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This study uses a qualitative approach to examine what political and technical leaders of municipalities understand transparency and public information to mean, and what role they believe the different subjects involved (government, opposition, and the public) should have. The websites of 605 Spanish councils with more than 100,000 inhabitants were analysed and three focus groups were held with political and technical leaders from a selection of sample councils. The results show that the technical and political leaders of the councils do not have a clear awareness of their function of management accountability or of the need to apply journalistic criteria to the information they publish, defending with nuances the use of propaganda criteria to focus on the actions of the local government, its information, the lack of space dedicated to public debate and the opposition’s actions. In relation to accountability and citizen participation, they have a negative view of citizens, who they describe as being disengaged. However, they emphasize that internally it is essential to continue improving in terms of the culture of transparency and the public information they provide citizens.
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Prasojo, Abiem Pandya, Anis Mashdurohatun, and Ngadino Ngadino. "Code Enforcement Of Sanctions For Notary Who Having Multiple Offices." Jurnal Akta 6, no. 4 (January 16, 2020): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/akta.v6i4.7639.
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In every office attached to someone will be accompanied by moral rules called code of ethics as well as the notary office. Code of conduct notary entire moral code is determined by the association organization "Indonesian Notary Association" (INI), where applicable, and must be obeyed by all members of the association as well as others who have positions of notary. Notary is necessary to know and understand the code of conduct notary. This code of conduct govern all actions of what can be regarded as a violation of the code of conduct and what sanctions if violated the code of conduct. In practice, a notary public notary supervised by the board of trustees. This oversight is necessary so that the notary did not ignore the majesty and dignity of the profession.The method used in this research is normative. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data in the form of research conducted in the field related to the object of research and data secondary, namely in the form of legislation, library, archives, expert opinions and regulations associated with the object of research.Discussion of the results shows that the sanction of conduct for notaries who have multiple offices are in violation of the code of conduct notary office. based on the above factors, it is important to know what is an indication of an offense involving the notary in the notary office area coverage authorized by a notary office code of ethics. Should the effort of the board of trustees for providing information about the code of conduct for all notaries to avoid misunderstandings about the ban notaries and exclusion. Therefore the role of the board of honor in the enforcement of the code of ethics notary must be implemented properly and in accordance with the applicable rules.Keywords: Notary Code; Honor Council; Office of the Associate; Notary.
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Vuković, Davor. "Biskup i prezbiteri u obzoru ekleziologije zajedništva." Diacovensia 26, no. 2 (2018): 295.—311. http://dx.doi.org/10.31823/d.26.2.6.
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The aim of this paper is to reflect on the relationship between the bishop and presbyters in view of the ecclesiology of communion, i.e. the ecclesiology of the Second Vatican Council. The author gives an insight into the essence of the offices of bishop and presbyter, and into the question of their mutual relationship in the perspective of the ecclesiology of communion. The bishop and presbyters are not isolated in the church community, nor are they for their own purpose, but can be understood properly only in view of the communion of the whole people of God, and in the perspective of service which represents an important dimension of ecclesiastical office and authority. In this regard, the offices of bishop and presbyter, as well as their relationship, must first be characterized by co-operation, co-responsibility, mutual respect, and acknowledgment, all in the atmosphere of essential Christian communion and service in love. The author further points to two ‘holy’ concerns: the concern of the bishop for the presbyters, and the concern of the presbyters, especially parish priests for the entrusted parish community. The last part of the paper seeks to raise awareness about the importance of justice within the church community, especially in relationships between bishops and presbyters.
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Hernández, Mauro. "Forging nobility: the construction of a civic elite in early modern Madrid." Urban History 27, no. 2 (August 2000): 165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800000213.
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Based on notarial and municipal sources in Madrid from the late sixteenth century to 1808, this article challenges current views of Castilian urban elites as mere reflections of noble hegemony. It assesses the implications of widespread venality of offices, as well as the real meaning of the estatuto of 1603, which formally excluded non-nobles from the city council. Ultimately, it argues that the system of preferment contributed in part to the long-term backwardness of seventeenth-century Castile.
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Giladi, Rotem M. "The Practice and Case Law of Israel in Matters Related to International Law." Israel Law Review 33, no. 1 (1999): 106–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700015910.
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On 15 February 1999, the Director-General of the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs sent a letter addressed to the Heads of the Diplomatic Missions in Israel concerning “recent meetings held by diplomatic representatives in the Orient House in Jerusalem”. This letter noted that under the Israeli-Palestinian agreements, Jerusalem is one of the final status negotiations issues and that as the jurisdiction of the Palestinian Council does not cover Jerusalem, the Council cannot locate its offices in the City. The letter also took the position that holding meetings at the Orient House was “a clear and serious violation” of the agreements. The Heads of the Diplomatic Missions were therefore urged not to encourage or participate in “any such violation” — nor to allow their staff and visitors to do so.
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Von Gunten, Charles F. "A quality improvement approach to oncologist referrals for hospice care." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 26_suppl (October 9, 2016): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.26_suppl.45.
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45 Background: Cancer patients frequently experience short lengths of service in home hospice care. Methods: The Oncology Clinical Guidance Council, composed of medical, surgical, gynecological and radiation oncologists sets standards of care for the OhioHealth system serving central Ohio. The Council was polled for consensus on how long a cancer patient should be enrolled in hospice care. Then, median length of stay of patients referred by 18 medical oncologists from their offices to OhioHealth hospice for calendar year 2014 were obtained. A letter from the Chairs of the Oncology Clinical Guidancee Council was sent to each medical oncologist noting the council's opinion about optimal length of stay, the length of stay reported by the National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization (NHPCO), and the median length of stay of all patients referred by OhioHealth oncologists. A chart graphing the median length of stay by oncologist, indicating the name of the oncologist to which the letter was directed, was mailed to each oncologist. One year later, for calendar year 2015, the measurement of median length of stay by oncologist was repeated. Results: 64% of the Oncology Clinical Guidance Council members polled think the median length-of-service for hospice care for cancer patients should be 90 days (3 months) and 20% think it should be 45 days (6 weeks). The NHPCO national median is 43 days. At baseline, the median length of stay for 176 cancer patients referred in calendar 2014 was 19.7 days. The median length of stay for 133 patients referred in the first 10 months of 2015 was 39.6 days. Conclusions: A simple quality improvement approach to improving hospice length of service by oncologists yielded a doubling to reach the national median in one year.
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Urbaniak, Krzysztof. "Rada Sędziowska oraz Komisja Nominacyjna dla Anglii i Walii." Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 119 (January 20, 2020): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.119.18.
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JUDGES’ COUNCIL AND JUDICIAL APPOINTMENT COMMISSIONThe judiciary in the United Kingdom is a phenomenon in Europe. Despite the fact that the role of judges in the common law system was significantly greater than in continental law systems, the British system lacked formal, institutional safeguards of the independence of the courts and the independence of judges. This principle was seen as a constitutional convention. The Judges’ Council, being the representation of judges, had only the status of an internal judicial body and an advisory role to the Lord Chief Justice. The reforms of the justice system introduced at the beginning of the 20th century, including the establishment of the Judicial Appointments Commission, undoubtedly influenced the strengthening of the independence of the courts against the executive and increased the influence of the judicial community on the appointment system of judicial offices in England and Wales.
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Fleming, Richard, Kirsty Bennett, Terri Preece, and Lyn Phillipson. "The development and testing of the dementia friendly communities environment assessment tool (DFC EAT)." International Psychogeriatrics 29, no. 2 (November 8, 2016): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610216001678.
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ABSTRACTBackground:There is a growing recognition of the need to make the built environment in towns and cities more enabling for people with dementia. This study reports the development of a reliable tool to assess the support provided to people with dementia by public and commercial buildings such as council offices, supermarkets, banks, and medical centers as they approach, use, and leave them.Methods:A three-step process was carried out to develop and establish the reliability of the tool: (1) a review of principles and available tools informed the development and modification of an environmental audit tool of proven utility, (2) the draft tool was subjected to an iterative process of evaluation by a team of people with expertise in design and town planning, people with dementia and their carers, (3) inter-rater reliability and internal consistency were assessed on a sample of 60 public and commercial buildings.Results:The review of available tools led to the drafting of a tool that was refined through iterative, experience-based evaluation resulting in a tool that has high inter-rater reliability and internal validity. The data gathered enabled a sample of banks, libraries, shops, medical facilities, supermarkets and council offices to be compared.Conclusions:The new tool aids the collection of reliable information on the strengths and weaknesses of public and commercial buildings. This information is likely to be of use in the refurbishment of these buildings to improve their support of people with dementia as they use them in their daily life.
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Mawhinney, Barry, and Kim Girtel. "Fourth Legal Advisers’ Meeting at UN Headquarters in New York." American Journal of International Law 88, no. 2 (April 1994): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2204108.
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The fourth informal meeting of the heads of offices responsible for international legal services of the foreign ministries of the member states of the United Nations (the Legal Advisers) took place at UN headquarters in New York on October 25 and 26, 1993. The meeting, like the previous three, was organized at the invitation of the Legal Advisers of Canada, India, Mexico, Poland and Sweden, and with the assistance of the Legal Counsel of the United Nations, Under-Secretary-General Carl-August Fleischhauer. Forty-eight Legal Advisers and thirteen of their deputies attended, together with nearly fifty other interested participants, including the chairman of the Sixth Committee, María del Lujan Flores, the chairman of the International Law Commission, Julio Barboza, the Secretary-General of the Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee, Frank X. Njenga, a representative from Switzerland and a representative of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Representatives of all five permanent members of the Security Council were present.
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Vinnytskyi, O. O. "THE EFFICIENCY OF ACTIVITIES OF PUBLIC COUNCIL IN THE AUTHORITIES OF THE EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY." Actual problems of native jurisprudence, no. 4 (August 30, 2019): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/391927.
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The current stage of development of Ukrainian statehood is characterized by increased attention to the issues of increasing the efficiency of the functioning of the public administration system. And this is natural because the direct link between the efficiency of the public sector and the effectiveness of the national economy of the state as a whole leads to the search and introduction of new approaches and technologies, continuous improvement of the quality of services provided to the population and satisfaction with the results of the activity of executive authorities and local self-government. The public sector, which participates in the formation and implementation of state policy, is no exception. It is the effective work of public councils with executive authorities that will increase the level of interaction between executive authorities and civil society. In this article, the author outlines the factors of effectiveness of the work of public councils in executive bodies, namely: the development and introduction of common standards and forms of cooperation between the public and the public administration; development of nation-wide mechanisms for the functioning of public councils in executive bodies; systematization and generalization of decisions of public councils in executive bodies; systematic analysis of the activities of public councils and their results for public discussion; introduction of standards for public reception offices. The author determines that the effectiveness of public councils in executive bodies is determined by assessing the effectiveness of activities under which the author proposes to understand the process of determining the quality of the subject’s activity, which is aimed at achieving the goals and tasks assigned to him, in accordance with the established competence, which allows obtaining information for further correction of his work. It is emphasized that the effectiveness of the activities of public councils in executive bodies depends on: creation of transparent and qualitatively formulated goals of work; development of a plan of activity aimed at achieving the goals that are the basis of the activities of public councils in executive bodies; performance of the adopted plan of activity; evaluation of achieved results; Adjusting the activities of the public council at executive bodies; creating new goals for future activities.
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Smyk, Grzegorz. "Miejsce i rola tzw. urzędów mieszanych w administracji gubernialnej Królestwa Polskiego po powstaniu styczniowym." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 28, no. 1 (October 8, 2019): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2019.28.1.133-159.
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<p>The Russian model of supervision and control of administration was introduced in the Kingdom of Poland concurrently with the reorganisation of the governorate and district administration after the January Uprising. The supervisory functions were taken over by the newly established bodies of the governorate and district administration of individual sectors of ministerial administration, for which the ministers residing in St. Petersburg were the final decisive body. On the other hand, the abolition of the Council of State of the Kingdom of Poland in 1867 entailed the final liquidation of the administrative justice system based on the French model, which had operated on these lands since the times of the Duchy of Warsaw. Its tasks were taken over by so-called “mixed offices” which filled the resulting gap only partially. Unlike administrative courts, these offices formed an integral part of the governorate administration, and their clerical staff as well as the bureaucratic method of operation compromised their judicial independence. Moreover, the procedure for dispute resolution in these offices had the character of an intra-administrative procedure which did not employ the concept of a party, and its discretionary course excluded the possibility of applying the principles of adversarial process, openness to the public or dispositiveness. The peculiarity of “mixed offices” in the Kingdom of Poland, resulting solely from political reasons, was the reduction of their staffing only to the bureaucratic element and full subordination of their substantive and formal side of the proceedings to the governorate authorities. As a result, the judicial activity of “mixed offices” in administrative matters in the Kingdom of Poland was much more dependent on the current policies of the tsarist authorities represented and supervised directly by the governors than in the interior governorates of the Empire. The combination of these factors with the discretionary rules of intra-ministerial proceedings applied in these offices deprived inhabitants of the Kingdom of Poland of a guarantee of impartial defence of their rights and interests in disputes with the administration that was foreign and distrustful to them.</p>
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Yuliarti, Yuliarti, and Amin Purnawan. "Regional Assembly Supervisory Effectiveness of Supervision in Efforts to Increase The Professionalism of Notary in The Region of Purwokerto and Purbalingga." Jurnal Akta 5, no. 4 (December 6, 2018): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/akta.v5i4.3731.
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Supervisory Council is an entity that has the authority to implement the guidance and supervision of a Notary. Regional Supervisory Council (MPD) is formed in the District / City to develop and supervise the notaries who have work areas Regency / City, in accordance with Article 70 UUJN.The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the supervision of the Regional Supervisory Council and the barriers and surveillance solutions Regional Supervisory Council in an effort to increase the professionalism of a notary in Purwokerto and Purbalingga region. This study uses empirical juridical approach, whereas the method of data collection with the literature study and interviews.Results of research supervision by the MPD in Purwokerto and Purbalingga is still not effective, and can not improve the professionalism of a notary in the region of, because they found many violations of the code of conduct. Obstacles encountered MPD is a shortage of funds, lack of secretarial offices and infrastructure that support the implementation by both the duty and authority MPD limited authority and lack of legal awareness of some of the Notary. Some of the possible solutions is to build its own secretary building with the infrastructure that support the implementation of the duties and authority both MPD and monitoring internal, external, repressive and preventive.Keywords: MPD; Supervision Notary Code of Ethics Violations
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Flake, Kathleen. "Ordering Antinomy: An Analysis of Early Mormonism's Priestly Offices, Councils, and Kinship." Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 26, no. 2 (2016): 139–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.2016.26.2.139.
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AbstractMormonism's founder Joseph Smith created a complex and hieratic priestly structure within a radically democratizing nation. His stated goal was to convey to all the faithful what he believed to be his own powers of prophecy and priestly mediation of divine presence. Thus, out of historiographic arguments about where to place Mormonism within the narrative of antebellum religious polity there arises a potentially more essential question: how did early Mormonism sustain any structural coherence, much less the order it was famous for? This essay argues that Smith avoided the atomization of his movement by creating three power structures and assigning every believer a status in each. Thus, status was not absolute or static: it shifted as the person moved among the three sites of power. Or, in other words, the degree and nature of the authority held by anyone at any give time was particular to the locus of the power – office, council, or kinship – not the person. These shifting status relationships stabilized Mormonism's potentially self-destructive antinomianism and, as a historiographical matter, have been mistaken for populism. The power struggles this occasioned within his movement, particularly over Smith's inclusion of women in his priestly hierarchy, weakened his vision of reciprocal authority and shifting jurisdiction. Compromised by romanticized gender norms, but not abandoned, this power structure continues to constitute the governing structure of Mormonism, leaving it still republican in style, not substance. Historiographically, it is hoped that this closer analysis of Mormonism's polity illuminates the existence of alternatives to regnant tropes on the nature of antebellum religion and contributes to better understanding of the means by which at least one perfectionist religion has survived notwithstanding its radically antinomian tendencies.
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Nowak, Barbara. "Polityka lokalna w zakresie realizacji postulatów pomocy postpenitencjarnej." Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica 25, no. 325 (May 29, 2021): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20813333.25.8.
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The paper discusses the problem of post-penitentiary assistance as a form of support to prisoners whoundergo a process of preparation to live at large and need help in their local communities.A major aim of post-penitentiary assistance is not only to prevent social exclusion of prisoners and theirfamilies but also their relapse into crime.Various assistance activities are undertaken to achieve this aim including those organised by post-penitentiaryand local council institutions and district offices, welfare centres, culture and educational establishments andnon-goverment organisations which function at the municipal level .These activities could be observed in particular Polish towns during the partition of Poland when schools andlocal associations undertook initiatives regarding assistance to prisoners .It is worth noting that in 1918-1939, various forms of support activities were organised by associations suchas the ones mentioned above, including ”Patronat” and municipalities, welfare centres, museums, schoolsand local parishes.Nowadays, local policy plays an important role in post-penitentiary assistance, particularly when a sentenceis served. Remand centres, correction institutions cooperate under various projects with local councils andnon-government institutions to prepare convicts to live at large.
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Vogiatzis, Nikos. "Exploring the European Council's Legal Accountability: Court of Justice and European Ombudsman." German Law Journal 14, no. 9 (September 1, 2013): 1661–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200002467.
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The purpose of this article is to explore the avenues for legal accountability vis-à-vis the European Council after the Treaty of Lisbon. This will be achieved through an assessment of the jurisdictional realms of, on the one hand, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), and on the other hand, the European Ombudsman, always in relation to the European Council. Legal accountability may be understood in this respect as the supervision of the observance of the European Union (EU) rule of law. The European Ombudsman is an EU body established by the Treaty of Maastricht; by virtue of Art. 228 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), he or she has the power to investigate complaints of maladministration “in the activities of the Union institutions, bodies, offices or agencies, with the exception of the Court of Justice of the European Union acting in its judicial role.”
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Abdulxakim Xolliyevich, Buranov. "ACTIVITIES OF PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS IN UZBEKISTAN DURING THE INDEPENDENCE YEARS: OBSTACLES, EXPERIENCE, AND ACTIVITIES." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 02 (February 28, 2021): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12473.
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In Uzbekistan, at present, there are more than 9,000 non-governmental non-profit organizations in the country, as well as branches and representative offices of 29 international and foreign non-governmental organizations. In 2017, non-governmental non-profit organizations such as the Nuroniy Foundation, the Youth Union, the Council of Farmers, Dehkan Farms and Landowners of Uzbekistan, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the Republican Council for Coordination of Self-Government Bodies Special decrees and resolutions were adopted to improve the activities of organizations and support them1. While helping to ensure a balance of interests in society, non-governmental organizations play a worthy role in governing the state and society. Currently, significant work is being done in Uzbekistan to develop civil society. It should be noted that the activity of civil society institutions in all spheres of public life is growing. The author tried to investigate the field training in the Surkhandarya region, the south part of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
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Freeman, Richard P. J., and Sabine Steyaert. "The History and Organization of the European Federation of Psychologists’ Associations (EFPA)." European Psychologist 16, no. 2 (January 2011): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000085.
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In 1981, the European Federation of Professional Psychologists’ Associations (EFPPA) was formed with 13 member associations (one per country) and no centralized administrative support. Thirty years later, EFPPA has become EFPA with 35 member associations representing about 300,000 psychologists across Europe. EFPA is now based in offices in the center of Brussels, the administrative heart of Europe, with a Director and staff who support the work of the EFPA Executive Council and the various Standing Committees, Task Forces, and Working Groups. In this article, the development of EFPA and the challenges faced, and mostly overcome, are outlined.
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Cáceres Würsig, Ingrid. "Breve historia de la secretaría de interpretación de lenguas." Meta 49, no. 3 (November 25, 2004): 609–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/009381ar.
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Abstract The article traces the history of the Secretaría de Interpretación de Lenguas (Language Interpreting Secretariat), which was created by Charles V in 1527 to support the Consejo de Estado (Council of State) and which can be considered as a pioneering organization in Europe in the field of “official” translation. Here we can find also the origin of the sworn translation in the Iberian Peninsula. At the same time and from the 18th century so-called traductores de Estado (State translators) started to work directly for other state offices, whose activity is also described. At the end of the 18th century a new figure emerges, namely the joven de lenguas (jeunes de langues), which can be considered as the first step in the development of the diplomatic career. More specifically, the following main questions will be answered: When and why was an official translation and interpreting service first created in Spain? What was its incumbent? Who worked for this service and how did applicants enter the office? Which languages and what type of documents were translated? How were these linguistic services remunerated?
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FRIEL, I. "In: David Jenkins and Bryn Parry , Editors, , Gwynedd Archive Services, Council Offices, P˦stum, Italy (1998) 0308-2334." International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 28, no. 3 (August 1999): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1057-2414(99)80060-0.
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Thomas, L. "Sir Granville Beynon, C. B. E.. 24 May 1914–11 March 1996." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 44 (January 1998): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1998.0004.
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From his appointment as a Scientific Officer at the Radio Division of the National Physical Laboratory in 1938, which marked the start of his active collaboration with Sir Edward Appleton, to his death in 1996, Granville Beynon's chosen field of scientific endeavour was the study of the ionosphere, the atmosphere at heights where the concentration of free electrons is sufficient to influence the propagation of radio waves. Through his establishment of research groups at Swansea and Aberystwyth Colleges of the University of Wales, and his tenure of senior offices in appropriate national and international committees, he had a major influence in this area of science. His involvement in university education included a period as Vice–Principal at Aberystwyth, but his interest in education extended beyond the university sector and this was marked by his service as Chairman of the Schools Council Committee for Wales. For his services to science and education he received several honours at both national and international levels. In spite of the many demands on his time, he enjoyed a very happy family life in which music played a central part.
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Galloway, Sheila, and Julian Stanley. "Thinking outside the box: galleries, museums and evaluation." Museum and Society 2, no. 2 (March 20, 2015): 125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/mas.v2i2.45.
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Museums and galleries in the UK increasingly engage with educational and social concerns; this article refers to research to evaluate two such initiatives. Evaluation of the Museum and Gallery Education Programme Phase 2, funded by the Department for Education and Skills, ends in August 2004. The research partnership to evaluate the ‘En-vision’ pilot action research programme, established by Engage (the national association for gallery education) with support from the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, the Carnegie UK Trust and three Arts Council regional offices, will complete in 2005. The article explores some key methodological issues relating to evaluation in this developing field. The conclusions are not necessarily endorsed by these sponsors; they are the views of the authors alone.
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Ribeiro, Bernard. "Renewing old links." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 88, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363506x104424.
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The old FRCS examination proved a magnet for many overseas doctors wishing to obtain an internationally renowned qualification in surgery. Many were successful in acquiring the primary FRCS in their own countries and so many of our College examiners forged links with surgeons in Accra, Cairo and Baghdad. These links proved invaluable and made it possible to assist some overseas trainees to experience training in the UK through the offices of the overseas doctors training scheme (ODTS). Professor Peter Bevan and Professor Jerry Kirk, past Council members, were closely involved with ODTS and, with the support of Sir Ian Todd (past president 1986–1989) and Sir David Innes Williams, they developed the first basic surgical skills course for Africa.
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Houston, R. A. "“Bustling Artisans”: Church Patronage at South Leith in the 1740s and 1750s." Albion 26, no. 1 (1994): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4052099.
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Political participation in eighteenth-century Scotland was the preserve of the few. A country of more than one and a half million people had less than 3,000 parliamentary electors in 1788. Scottish politics was orchestrated from Westminster by one or two powerful patrons and their northern clients—a fact summarized in book titles like The People Above and The Management of Scottish Society. The way Edinburgh danced to a London tune is well illustrated in the aftermath of the famous Porteous riots of 1736. After a government official was lynched the Westminster government leaned heavily on the city and its council. And the nation as a whole was kept under tight rein after the Jacobite rising of 1745-46.This does not mean that ordinary people could not participate in political life, broadly defined. Burgesses could influence their day-to-day lives through membership of their incorporations (guilds) and through serving as constables and in other town or “burgh” (borough) offices. Ecclesiastical posts in the presbyterian church administration—elders and deacons of kirk sessions—had also to be filled. Gordon Desbrisay estimates that approximately one in twelve eligible men would be required annually to serve on the town council and kirk session of Aberdeen in the second half of the seventeenth century. With a 60% turnover of personnel each year, distribution of office holding must have been extensive among the middling section of burgh society from which officials were drawn. For burgesses and non-burgesses alike, other avenues of expression were open. In periods when political consensus broke down or when sectional interests sought to prevail townspeople could resort to riot.
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Indraganti, Madhavi, and Djamel Boussaa. "An adaptive relationship of thermal comfort for the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries: The case of offices in Qatar." Energy and Buildings 159 (January 2018): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.10.087.
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Clarke, Sabine. "The Research Council System and the Politics of Medical and Agricultural Research for the British Colonial Empire, 1940–52." Medical History 57, no. 3 (May 30, 2013): 338–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2013.17.
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AbstractHistorical accounts of colonial science and medicine have failed to engage with the Colonial Office’s shift in focus towards the support of research after 1940. A large new fund was created in 1940 to expand activities in the colonies described as fundamental research. With this new funding came a qualitative shift in the type of personnel and activity sought for colonial development and, as a result, a diverse group of medical and technical officers existed in Britain’s colonies by the 1950s. The fact that such variety existed amongst British officers in terms of their qualifications, institutional locations and also their relationships with colonial and metropolitan governments makes the use of the term ‘expert’ in much existing historical scholarship on scientific and medical aspects of empire problematic. This article will consider how the Colonial Office achieved this expansion of research activities and personnel after 1940. Specifically, it will focus on the reasons officials sought to engage individuals drawn from the British research councils to administer this work and the consequences of their involvement for the new apparatus established for colonial research after 1940. An understanding of the implications of the application of the research council system to the Colonial Empire requires engagement with the ideology promoted by the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) and Medical Research Council (MRC) which placed emphasis on the distinct and higher status of fundamental research and which privileged freedom for researchers.
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Mackay, Christina. "Three Cheers! Otaki." Architectural History Aotearoa 4 (October 31, 2007): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v4i0.6745.
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The District Plan Heritage Register for Ōtaki, Kāpiti Coast includes nine buildings from 1890s; two residences, a children's home, a maternity hospital, solicitors' offices, a church and three hotels – the Jubilee (1891), Telegraph (1895) and Railway (1891) (Kapiti Coast District Council "Heritage Register" v 1, s I, pp 9-11). The Telegraph and Railway hotels continue to serve patrons today, but the Jubilee Hotel is currently a community house, the House of Hope. Two other hotels operated in Ōtaki in 1890s, the Family (1881) and the Central (1893). This paper focuses on the development and role of these hotels within Ōtaki in 1890s and then tracks the changing patterns of use against the alterations to the building fabric since that time.
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Glineur, Cédric. "La jurisprudence de l'intendant en Hainaut français au XVIIIe siècle." Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis / Revue d'Histoire du Droit / The Legal History Review 76, no. 3-4 (2008): 353–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181908x336918.
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Abstract Referring to precedents in the eighteenth-century quasi-judicial practice of the intendant in French Hainault. – Following the practice already in use in the King's Council and government departments, the Commissioner in the French Hainault province (commissaire départi en Hainaut) started towards the beginning of the 18th century to keep all documents received or drafted by his offices. These documents included the orders he issued in adjudicating cases brought before him. As intendant, he had at his disposal the files of the proceedings in which he had had to reach a decision in his quasi-judicial capacity. Judgements rendered in previous cases could help him to solve new cases. As these precedents were documented in his records, he was able to develop a case law in particular areas, such as tax litigation.
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Seifert, Roger. "Wal Hannington and the unemployed workers’ struggles in Britain in the 1930s." Theory & Struggle 122, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/ts.2021.3.
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Wal Hannington’s hallmark leadership of the National Unemployed Workers’ Movement (NUWM) in the UK in the 1930s was built on a clear understanding of the causes of unemployment and therefore possible remedies; a highly sensitive and morally profound awareness of the consequences of unemployment for both the unemployed and their families and for those still in work; and a realisation that the struggle was political in the true sense — a question of the abuse of power by those in charge and the need to mobilise countervailing power of the people in struggle. It was this communist emphasis on class struggle that enabled the movement to be effective at every level — in the labour exchanges, in the streets and homes, in the trade union offices, and in the council and parliamentary chambers.
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Ogunode, Niyi Jacob. "Evaluation of the National Objectives of Early Childhood Care Education (ECCE) Programme in Gwagwalada Area Council of FCT, Abuja, Nigeria." JISAE: Journal of Indonesian Student Assessment and Evaluation 6, no. 2 (August 22, 2020): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jisae.062.05.
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The objectives of this study were to evaluate the national objectives of Early Childhood Care Education (ECCE) programme in Gwagwalada Area Council of FCT, Abuja, Nigeria. The research designed method adopted for this study was descriptive survey. The method used for selecting the sample of the study was purposive random sampling technique. 200 respondents were selected for simple sampling techniques. Questionnaire was used for data collection in the study and the reliability of the instrument was determined by using split-half method. The results the research showed that the national objectives of the Early Childhood Care Education (ECCE) includes; effect on a smooth transition from home to school, prepare the child for the primary level of education, provide adequate care and supervision for the children while their parents are at work (on the farm, in the market or offices), instill the social norms, instill the spirit of inquiry and creativity through the exploration of nature, the environment, art, music, playing with toys and so on, develop a sense of cooperation and team spirit, learn good habits, especially good health habits and teach the basics of numbers, letters, colours, shapes, forms and so on through playing. It has been achieved to the moderate extent in all the centres of sample in Gwagwalada area, council of FCT.
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Klímová-Alexander, Ilona. "Development and Institutionalisation of Romani Representation and Administration. Part 1." Nationalities Papers 32, no. 3 (September 2004): 599–629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0090599042000246415.
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The post-1989 rise of ethnic conflicts in the former Eastern Bloc have led to the renewed salience of minority rights and their prominence in international relations. The 1990s witnessed a proliferation of legal instruments and offices dedicated to minority rights at the intergovernmental level (mainly within the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Council of Europe, but also the United Nations). After decades of arguing that rights of persons belonging to national, ethnic or religious minorities can be sufficiently ensured within the framework of universal human rights, attributed to individuals regardless of group membership, liberal political theorists (most notably Will Kymlicka) have started to advocate the need to supplement these traditional human rights with minority rights (meaning certain group-differentiated rights or “special status” for minority cultures) in order to ensure justice in multicultural states.
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Eliseeva, Irina I., and Anton L. Dmitriev. "100th Anniversary of the Journal «Vestnik statistiki»." Voprosy statistiki 26, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34023/2313-6383-2019-26-1-13-21.
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The first issue of the journal «Vestnik statistiki» («Bulletin of Statistics») came out 100 years ago. It was in print till 1929 and then from 1949 to1993. Its successor «Voprosy statistiki» has been published since 1994. This article covers the journal’s contents in its first decade. The author focuses on academic articles on statistical methodology and overviews articles addressing applied state statistics. The importance of interaction and collaboration between statisticians from the central office of the Central Statistical Board and statistical offices «in the field» is stressed. During that time the journal continued to publish translations of foreign articles along with detailed reviews of translations of books by foreign authors. The article draws attention to the formation of industrial and energy statistics, as well as the development of balance sheet and, above all, questions of the methodology and practice related to the Balance of the National Economy. Examples of delivering innovation in statistical observation - using aerial photography for the needs of agricultural statistics, are put forward. Criticism against state statisticsopenedwhen Vladimir Lenin was the Chairman of the Council of People’s Commissars, which led to the gradual abolition of the analytical functions of statistics, ignoring the variation of indicators and replacing statistics with the «national economic accounting». As a result, in 1929 the publication of the journal «Vestnik statistiki» was suspended.
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García Oliva, Mª Dolores. "Señores contra campesinos: un conflicto por la tierra en Mirabel a finales de la Edad Media y principios de los Tiempos Modernos (1488-c. 1520) = Lords Against Peasants: A Conflict Over Land in Mirabel at the End of the Middle and Early Modern Ages (1488-C. 1520)." Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie III, Historia Medieval, no. 31 (May 11, 2018): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfiii.31.2018.21394.
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En este artículo se analiza la lucha del concejo de Mirabel contra los agravios recibidos de los señores de la villa. El lugar había pertenecido al concejo de Plasencia y en 1488 fue concedido a don Francisco de Estúñiga. Desde los primeros tiempos los señores procuraron controlar los oficios concejiles, imponer nuevos gravámenes y, especialmente, despojar a los campesinos del derecho de posesión de sus tierras, motivo este último que fue la principal causa de disputas entre el señor y sus vasallos. Por lo general, la resistencia campesina fue pacífica, pues se manifestó por la vía judicial, pero en dos ocasiones el conflicto estalló de manera violenta, produciéndose un muerto y varios heridos de la parte de los señores en el último enfrentamiento. El castigo por este altercado fue riguroso, pero no doblegó la voluntad de los campesinos, quienes siguieron resistiéndose a los abusos señoriales.This study analyzes the quarrel of the town council of Mirabel against the injury inflicted by the lords of the village. The site belonged to the council of Plasencia and in 1488 it was granted to the lord Francisco de Estúñiga. Since the beginning, lords tried to control the council offices, impose new taxes and especially deprive the peasants from the right to own their land. This last point was the main cause of disputes between the lord and his vassals. In general, peasant resistance was peaceful because it took a judicial route, but on two occasions conflict broke out in a violent manner, the last culminating in a death and several wounded on the lords’ side. The punishment for this altercation was rigorous, but it did not break the will of the peasants to continue resisting abuses on the part of the lord.
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Malbin, Michael J., and Michael Parrott. "Small Donor Empowerment Depends on the Details: Comparing Matching Fund Programs in New York and Los Angeles." Forum 15, no. 2 (July 26, 2017): 219–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/for-2017-0015.
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Abstract Political campaigns have long been financed by people with well above average incomes, but the balance has tilted dramatically since the Supreme Court’s 2010 decision in Citizens United v. FEC. A number of jurisdictions have been looking to rebalance the incentives through new (or updated) public financing programs. Much of the discussion about their potential effects, however, has been sweepingly generic. But we know that these programs do differ from each other and have good reason to expect that “success” or “failure” will depend both on their goals and the programs’ details. This article focuses on one type of program that has become a model in recent years. Until recently New York City was the only jurisdiction with a multiple matching system explicitly designed to increase the role of small donors.Previous studies noted apparent successes, but it has been difficult to feel comfortable with only one jurisdiction to test. After Los Angeles revised its system in 2013, serious comparisons became possible. This article finds that New York City’s campaign finance matching fund program increased the number, proportional role, and diversity of small donors in city council elections but that the Los Angeles program was substantially less effective. The findings were confirmed through a difference-in-differences procedure that tested each city council over time against state legislative districts representing the same geographical space. A series of explanations relating to the programs’ details were tested, leading us to conclude that the policy details were affecting the results. The results were also different in both cities for mayoral and city council candidates. This suggests alterations may be needed if one were to consider the model for offices with larger constituencies, such as Governor or the US Congress. Finally, the article concludes with a discussion of major arguments for and against increasing small donor participation as a goal for public policy.