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Journal articles on the topic 'Councillor'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 April 2022

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1

Kukec, Marko. "Intra-party conflict at grassroots: Party-councillor ideological congruence in Croatia." Party Politics 25, no. 5 (2019): 679–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068819836047.

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Party-councillor ideological congruence reinforces party linkages with local voters and credibility of councillors as future party elites. This contribution examines the role of career motivations and selective incentives, as well as party branch characteristics in forming party-councillor congruence. The empirical analysis draws on the original survey of Croatian local councillors. The results find councillors with progressive ambition and those exposed to intra-branch competition reporting higher levels of ideological congruence with their parties, while no effect was found for holders of upper level party positions. Branch power has the opposite effect from expected. Party grassroots shape ideologically congruent professional politicians, but this function is challenged by shrinking supply of candidates.

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2

Augustyniak, Monika Ewa. "Councillor Clubs in Communes in Poland and France." Review of European and Comparative Law 44, no. 1 (2021): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.11162.

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The article presents the legal status of councillor clubs in Poland and in France. It discusses establishment and functioning of clubs that are usually created on the basis of political criteria, in the light of a councillor’s free mandate and social control. It presents elements of club’s financing and possibility to express opinions by minority clubs in a council. The analysis of the legal status of councillor clubs leads to conclusions and determination of the direction of changes in the scope of the research concerned. The legal status of councillor clubs corresponds to the issue of quality of democratisations of a self-governing authority. Therefore, specification of premises determining organisation and operation of councillor clubs in a municipal council is a significant regime-related issue. The problems related to functioning of the councillor clubs in the Polish and French legal orders is currently a challenge for contemporary local self-government.

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3

Aars, Jacob, Audun Offerdal, and Dan Rysavy. "The Careers of European Local Councillors: A Cross-National Comparison." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 10, no. 1 (2012): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/10.1.63-84.

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This article is concerned with the political careers of local councillors. More specifically, the key question is about a possible professionalization of councillor careers at the local level in Europe. If the careers of local councillors tend to follow a number of standard routes, to what degree can these be perceived of as professionalized? In our effort to identify dominant courses of mobility, we distinguish between three successive stages of councillor careers: Pre-electoral experiences, in-council orientations, and future career aspirations. In the ideal model of professionalization there is a strong link between career stages. Professionalization is seen as a unidirectional process by which an occupational group gradually acquires the traits of a profession. By and large, local political careers in European countries do not adhere to the linear model of professionalization. Instead, a fits-and-start model seems more suitable, indicating that professional careers to a large extent are shaped incrementally, through learning and practical experience.

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4

Perona, Blandine. "Being Councillor and Prophet?" Erasmus Studies 40, no. 1 (2020): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18749275-04001003.

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Abstract By studying three letters of Erasmus to princes (to Charles, Archduke of Austria in 1516, to the same, became Charles the 5th in 1523 and to Francis the 1st in 1524), this present article intends to show that Erasmus constantly tries to resolve a puzzle which is central in Utopia’s first book. Erasmus does not really choose between the answers which the fictitious More and Hythlodaeus give to the readers. He uses rhetorical accommodation as a way to be at the same time councillor and prophet, at the same time deferential and irreverent. In 1535, his last work, the Ecclesiastes, shows that during all his life he recommended the same solution. Accommodation is the way to be heard and to make words effective for princes’ councillors and for preachers too.

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5

Zięty, Jakub Jan. "Przyczyny odmowy udzielenia radnym gminy informacji o działalności spółki komunalnej." Zeszyty Prawnicze Biura Analiz Sejmowych 3, no. 71 (2021): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31268/zpbas.2021.44.

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The subject of the article is the analysis of the rights of councillors regarding an individual oversight of municipal companies. The article identifies interpretation problems that may arise in the exercise of these powers. Doubts may concern the definition of entities obliged to provide information, linking the scope of information with the mandate exercised by a gmina (commune) councillor. Additionally, the problem of refusal or failure to provide information to councillors arises. If such information is classified as public, councillors may attempt to obtain it only according to the relevant statute. However, if this qualification is taken into account, the introduction of separate provisions, which are not sanctioned, raises doubts.

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6

Recher, Harry. "National Biodiversity Council." Pacific Conservation Biology 3, no. 2 (1997): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc970082.

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As reported in the last issue of Pacific Conservation Biology, the National Biodiversity Council has been restructured and new Councillors elected. The new structure of the Council has 18 members (17 elected, 1 vacancy) and plans to establish a web site to facilitate communication among Councillors and between the Council and the Assembly. The web site will also allow any interested parties to express a view to the Council or to an individual Councillor. As soon as the details of the web site are available, it will be made known widely through the Council's affiliated scientific organizations. Meanwhile, views can be sent to Councillors via email or post. Do not write off the Australian postal service, it still functions and can be more reliable than some email servers.

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7

Greenwood, John, and David Wilson. "Improving Councillor Performance." Public Policy and Administration 5, no. 2 (1990): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095207679000500203.

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8

BEAN, SUSAN S., and GARY WRAY MCDONOGH. "Candidates for Councillor." Anthropology News 30, no. 5 (1989): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/an.1989.30.5.24.2.

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9

FINKLER, KAJA, and JAMES P. LOUCKY. "Candidates for Councillor." Anthropology News 30, no. 5 (1989): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/an.1989.30.5.32.2.

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10

BREITBORDE, LAWRENCE, and CAROL MACLENNAN. "Candidates of Councillor." Anthropology News 30, no. 5 (1989): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/an.1989.30.5.35.3.

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11

Kluvers, Ron. "Hierarchical position in local government and perceptions of accountability." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 1 (2013): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i1c3art3.

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This study explores the understanding of the concept of accountability held by Victorian local government managers and elected councillors in a New Public Management (NPM) environment. Accountability involves relationships between superiors and subordinates and in the case of local government between councillors, management and members of the community. Accountability relationships exist between councillors and management and between the different levels of management. The position that a person holds within local government is subject to the organization’s culture, in particular the values held by councillors and staff, the use of power and how the superior / subordinate relationships are understood. A survey instrument was sent to all councillors and managers in Victorian local government. There was a 21% response rate. Anova analysis was applied to determine if there were significant differences between councillors and tier 1 and tier 2 managers. The anova analysis found that there were differences between the groups depending upon where the municipality was located and whether a person was a councillor or a tier 1 or tier 2 managers.

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12

Sitek, Bronisław. "‘REMOTIO AB ORDINEM’ WYDALENIE DEKURIONA (RADNEGO) Z ‘ORDO DECURIONUM’ (RADY MIASTA)." Zeszyty Prawnicze 11, no. 1 (2016): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2011.11.1.14.

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‘REMOTIO AB ORDINEM’. COUNCILLORS’ (‘DECURIO’) EXPULSION FROM THE CITY COUNCIL (‘ORDO DECURIONUM’) Summary In the light of the Polish law every citizen who has all civil rights can perform a function of a councillor. Polish legislation, with the exception of the requirement of age, does not introduce any further formal requirements for candidates for that office. A councillor needs not to have any professional or moral qualifications. Although there are codes of councillors’ conduct which relate to such values as honesty and integrity, however they do not introduce any sanctions for their violation. Source analysis shows that in the Roman law the major causes of expulsion from the city council include: conducting an immoral life, performing an infamous profession (actual infamy), conviction on the basis of a disgracing civil action (iudicia privata) or a disgracing public action (iudicia publica) and criminal expulsion from the army (missio ignominiosa). To the professions causing infamy were also included such professions as gladiator, actor, herald, gravedigger, or guardian in a theatre. Civil actions disgracing lost party were: fiduciae actio pro socio, actio tutelae, actio mandati. To the disgracing civil actions, but with the tort nature, were also included actio porter, actio iniuriarum and actio lot. Sentencing in the public was always associated with an additional penalty that generated discredit on the honour, or to infamy. The same was in the case of criminal deportation from the army.

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13

Gierach, Ewelina. "W sprawie oświadczeń majątkowych radnych." Przegląd Sejmowy 6(161) (2020): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.31268/ps.2020.87.

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The opinion concerns the issue of submitting asset declarations by commune councillors, in particular: assessment of the admissibility of referring to a copy of PIT in selected sections of the asset declaration, indication of the total income obtained from several sources of employment, as well as too general indication of the place of employment. The scope of the opinion also covers the ssue of the mode of verification of asset declarations and the issue of admissibility of combining the function of a municipal councillor with the employment as a manager or deputy manager in municipal company with a 100% shareholding in the municipality.

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14

Pithouse, Richard. "Coffin for the Councillor." Journal of Asian and African Studies 41, no. 1-2 (2006): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909606061979.

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15

Reynaert, Herwig. "The Social Base of Political Recruitment. A Comparative Study of Local Councillors in Europe." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 10, no. 1 (2012): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/10.1.19-36.

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Local councillor recruitment operates in such a way that it favours the possibility for individuals with certain characteristics to enter and to remain in public office. One of the central questions then becomes: what are these characteristics and how do they influence the selection chances of these specific individuals? The aim of this contribution is to comparatively study a number of these questions for the population of local councillors in Europe. It evokes questions on the similarity or divergence of social biases in political recruitment in different local political systems. Do the same social background characteristics distinguish ‘the many’ from ‘the few’ in all countries under study? Do certain patterns in the ‘skewing’ of social background emerge and to what extent can they be linked to different institutional histories in local government? As such this study is one of the first to structurally scrutinise local councillors in such a systematic variety of political systems.

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16

Greenwood, John, and David Wilson. "Councillor effectiveness: What role for training?" Local Government Studies 21, no. 3 (1995): 432–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03003939508433788.

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17

Steyvers, Kristof, and Tom Verhelst. "Between Layman and Professional? Political Recruitment and Career Development of Local Councillors in a Comparative Perspective." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 10, no. 1 (2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/10.1.1-17.

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This article sets the framework for the subsequent special issue on political recruitment and career development of local councillors in a comparative perspective. After conceiving recruitment and career development as a funnel-like process filtering out the few from the few and leading to patterns of interpositional mobility in the political realm, the article proceeds by proposing the ideal-types of layman and professional to characterize the poles of the continuum upon which current trends in recruitment and career may be situated. Overall, these trends seem to point at a shifting structure of opportunities with predominant professionalization and partial socio-demographic democratization. Still, from a comparative perspective the extent to and the pace by which these general trends emerge are likely to be contingent upon the country, the municipality and the individual councillors studied. The comparative dataset on which the issue draws offers a unique opportunity to discern empirical patterns in the factors discussed above. The article concludes by outlining the issue and summarizing its main findings revealing a complex reality in the different phases of recruitment and career development of the contemporary councillor in Europe.

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18

Currin, John M. "Pierre Le Pennec, Henry VII of England, and the Breton Plot of 1492: A Case Study in “Diplomatic Pathology”." Albion 23, no. 1 (1991): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4050539.

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In his attempt to rehabilitate the reputation of Dr. De Puebla, Spain's first resident ambassador to England, Garrett Mattingly dismissed as unimportant certain unflattering remarks about the envoy made by a royal councillor to two Spanish officials, who knew the councillor as Dr. Pedro Panec. Mattingly, unable to identify Panec, believed him to be insignificant in Tudor service and, therefore, his remarks to be uninformed. Nonetheless, the available sources reveal Pierre Le Pennec as the Spaniards' Dr. Panec, a cleric and lawyer from Morlaix, doctor of civil and canon laws, prothonotary of the Roman Church, king's clerk and councillor, and political agent in Henry VII's foreign service.Historians of early Tudor diplomacy (when the term is not used interchangeably with foreign policy) have focused on the routine functions of ordinary diplomatic representatives, but Pennec has not merited the interest of Tudor diplomatic historians because he did not serve extensively as one of the king's ordinary diplomats. His only ordinary diplomatic function was in 1499 when he carried procuratorial letters to the Roman Curia for Henry VII.

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19

Majola, Brian K. "Political Party and Municipal Councils’ Strategies in Empowering Women Ward Councillors in South Africa." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 11, no. 2 (2022): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2022-0050.

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In South Africa, women and Black people became councillors after the first non-racial democratic local government elections between 1995 and 1996. One can be elected as councillor irrespective of race, gender or level of education. The country’s electoral system allows women’s presence in politics to largely depend on political parties. However, the number of women ward councillors has been unstable as some women leave the office after one term. It is political parties and municipal councils that can shape and ensure women’s stay in politics by empowering them. The paper aims to determine whether there are any strategies employed by selected municipal councils to empower women ward councillors. It explores whether there is any training provided by the municipal council to sensitise both council and community members on gender issues. The paper strives to explore whether political parties are grooming enough women to participate in politics and contest in elections. The study is exploratory and qualitative in nature. It focuses on Ward and PR councillors, from six local municipalities in the KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape Provinces who were interviewed using an interview guide. The findings of the study were analyzed using content analysis and themes were induced from the interview data. The results indicated that there were no strategies adopted by the municipal councils to empower women councillors. There was no training to sensitise both council and community members about gender issues and women are not groomed by their political parties to be ready to contest the elections.  Received: 28 September 2021 / Accepted: 21 January 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022

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20

Wegner, Eva. "Local-Level Accountability in a Dominant Party System." Government and Opposition 53, no. 1 (2016): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2016.1.

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This article investigates accountability in South Africa’s dominant party system by studying how the African National Congress (ANC) reacts to electoral incentives at the local level. It compares the ANC’s degree of responsiveness to voters across municipalities with different levels of political competition. The analysis focuses on whether and under which conditions the ANC is more likely to renominate better quality municipal councillors. It examines the relationship between renomination as ANC municipal councillor and local government performance – as measured by voter signals, service delivery and audit outcomes. The results show that the ANC does indeed adapt its behaviour to electoral incentives. In municipalities where the ANC has larger margins of victory, performance matters little for renomination. In contrast, in municipalities with higher electoral competition, local government performance is strongly correlated with renomination. These results suggest the need to expand dominant party research to topics of voter responsiveness and sub-national behaviour.

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21

Kała, Dariusz. "Glosa do wyroku Wojewódzkiego Sądu Administracyjnego w Kielcach z 30 września 2019 r., sygn. akt II SA/Ke 500/19." Przegląd Sejmowy 6(161) (2020): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31268/ps.2020.88.

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The commentary mainly concerns procedural issues related to the monetary equivalent for members of voluntary firefighters. The commentary is entirely approving. The resolution on the amount of the equivalent is of a general and abstract nature, and therefore is an act of local law. A councillor, who is at the same time a member of the voluntary fire brigade and takes part in rescue operations or fire training organized by the State Fire Service or the municipality, has a legal interest (derived from Article 28(1) and (2) of the Fire Protection Act) in adopting a resolution on the amount of the equivalent. The resolution on the amount of the equivalent, which was adopted by the city council with the participation of councillors (at the same time members of the voluntary fire brigade), who were excluded from voting by virtue of the law itself, is invalid.

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22

Wilenius, Heikki. "Lectio Praecursoria: Routine work: Authorizing representation in East Javanese regional politics." Suomen Antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society 45, no. 2 (2021): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30676/jfas.v45i2.100381.

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This lectio summarizes a PhD study of the public activities of East Javanese regional councillors. Analysing the communication of these politicians, the thesis focuses on the ways they authorize their status as representatives of their constituency. The study finds that politics in East Java has a wide selection of authorizations, the use of which depends on the party, the political history, the age, and the gender of the politician. For the councillor, the most decisive factor for the choice of authorizations, however, is the political context. Different public institutions of politics are examined: meetings with the constituency during council recess, public hearings on draft bylaws, election campaign events, and regional council plenary sessions. The authorizations used in these contexts vary greatly, for example, concerning their aspect of ritualization, style of oratory, or way of evidence presented. Keywords: Indonesia, East Java, politics, communication, semiotic ideology, democracy, hierarchy

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23

Copus, Colin. "The Local Councillor and Party Group Loyalty." Policy & Politics 27, no. 3 (1999): 309–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/030557399782453064.

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24

Weston, Joe, and Roy Darke. "Reflections on 10 Years of Councillor Training." Planning Practice and Research 19, no. 4 (2004): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0269745052000343253.

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25

Bowring. "Sir Keir Starmer QC KBE Privy Councillor." Socialist Lawyer, no. 86 (2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.13169/socialistlawyer.86.0017.

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26

Brophy, James M. "Salus publica suprema lex: Prussian Businessmen in the New Era and Constitutional Conflict." Central European History 28, no. 2 (1995): 122–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900011626.

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On26 October 1858 I attended the swearing in of the country's leader, just as I did on 6 February 1850. In 1850, I attended as a deputy of the lower house and rebellious councillor third class; now I took part as a loyal councillor first class and even a possible ministerial candidate. This time the act had something uncommonly captivating. The prince spoke plainly but with a dignified voice and conveyed to the world the feeling that such an oath was truly not meaningless, that the Constitution had finally attained its true confirmation, and that we further stand on firm ground—as if the confusions of 1848 had never disturbed the path of legal development started in 1847.

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27

Valentich, Mary. "Calgary’s Resistance to Changing from “Alderman” to “Councillor”." Theory In Action 2, no. 1 (2009): 66–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.08029.

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28

Jenkins, Alejandro. "The mechanical career of Councillor Orffyreus, confidence man." American Journal of Physics 81, no. 6 (2013): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4798617.

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29

Dyer, Owen. "Councillor loses legal battle over Derbyshire general practice." BMJ 332, no. 7556 (2006): 1469.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.332.7556.1469.

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30

Burdess, Neil. "Planning participation and the role of the councillor." Politics 20, no. 1 (1985): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00323268508401938.

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31

Cargill, Dr Colin. "AVA appoints new Councillor to Commonwealth Veterinary Association." Australian Veterinary Journal 83, no. 6 (2005): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2005.tb15619.x.

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32

Hollis, Stephanie. "The Minster-in-Thanet foundation story." Anglo-Saxon England 27 (December 1998): 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675100004798.

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The story of how Domne Eafe acquired the land for her monastery at Thanet when her brothers were murdered by a councillor of her cousin, Ecgberht of Kent (664–73), is variously related in a number of Latin and Old English works. The full version (involving Domne Eafe's tame hind and the death of the councillor) is found in three Latin Lives. These are: a passio of the murdered princes attributed to Byrhtferth, which is the earliest recorded account of the foundation of Thanet, dated c. 1000, and written for the monks at Ramsey, who believed the relics translated to their monastery in 978 × 992 to be those of Domne Eafe's brothers; Goscelin's Vita S. Mildrethae, dated 1089 × 1099, and written for the monks at St Augustine's, Canterbury, who acquired the relics of Mildrith from Thanet in 1030; a passio of the murdered princes found in Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 285, also from Ramsey, which was composed sometime between the mid-eleventh century and the early thirteenth.

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33

Fiers, Stefaan. "Carrièrepatronen van Belgische parlementsleden in een multi-level omgeving (1979-99)." Res Publica 43, no. 1 (2001): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v43i1.18517.

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This article deals with the consequences of an increased number of levels of political decision-making, on the way in which political careers are built. In the traditional bottomup perspective, political careers started at the municipal level. The best were chosen to represent the party in regional assemblies, first, and eventually in the national parliament. In this perspective, a mandate of Member of European Parliament was the highest obtainable office. Evidence from the 1979-99 period shows that the importance of 'local political experience' in recruiting MPs is decreasing. However still, the Belgian figure remains high in comparative perspective : in 1999 no less than 70 % ofthe members of the federal House of Representatives and of the regional Flemish Parliament have previously been local councillor. Moreover, still 60 % combines a mandate as local councillor with their parliamentary mandate. Only a limited number ofpreviously regional Flemish MPs became federal MPs in 1999, so that one could not speak of frequent level-hopping, nor of a hierarchy among these offices.

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34

de Groot, Merel, Bas Denters, and Pieter-Jan Klok. "Strengthening the Councillor as a Representative and Scrutiniser: The Effects of Institutional Change on Councillors' Role Orientations in the Netherlands." Local Government Studies 36, no. 3 (2010): 401–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03003931003730469.

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35

Steyvers, Kristof, and Tom Verhelst. "Path Dependency: Do Councillor Recruitment and Career Development Matter?" Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 10, no. 1 (2012): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/10.1.85-110.

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This article addresses the question of matter in discussing the effect of recruitment and career development on the importance councillors attach to various tasks associated with their office. It starts from the assumption that professionalization would lead to giving inward-looking tasks more importance to the detriment of their outward counterparts. The analysis shows the question of matter is much more complex in reality in terms of co-variation and causation and is contingent upon (supra-)local structures of opportunities. Overall, (existing) explanations are rather weak. Early stages in the recruitment process seem to matter most and have a negative effect on outward-looking tasks. Whereas specific patterns of path dependency in terms of recruitment and career development thus do appear, the road taken in public office is long and winding and does not always straightforwardly reflect the common legacy of shared past experiences in the way towards it.

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36

Greenwood, John. "Facilitating officer/councillor relationships — Meeting the Post‐Widdicombe challenge." Local Government Studies 16, no. 6 (1990): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03003939008433558.

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37

ALLEN, PETER. "Falling Off the Ladder: Gendered Experiences of Councillor Turnover." Political Quarterly 83, no. 4 (2012): 711–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-923x.2012.02361.x.

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38

COLLINS, NEIL. "COUNCILLOR/OFFICER RELATIONS IN IRISH LOCAL GOVERNMENT: ALTERNATIVE MODELS." Public Administration 63, no. 3 (1985): 327–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.1985.tb00908.x.

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39

Curry, Ann. "The chief officer/ councillor relationship in British public libraries." Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 26, no. 4 (1994): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096100069402600405.

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40

Walker, Allan. "Chief Sausage Sizzler? Reflections from an Australian School Councillor." Management in Education 9, no. 4 (1995): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089202069500900417.

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41

Musson, Nan. "Questions and Answers From a Division 2 Legislative Councillor." Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders 9, no. 4 (1999): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/nnsld9.4.4.

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42

Ziemierski, Maciej. "Losy Adama Toryaniego (po 6 marca 1701–1756/57), syna rajcy krakowskiego Franciszka Toryaniego, w świetle jego testamentu i pośmiertnego inwentarza." Krakowski Rocznik Archiwalny 23 (2021): 11–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/12332135kra.17.001.14655.

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Niniejszy artykuł ma za zadanie przybliżyć mało znaną postać Adama Toryaniego, przedstawiciela krakowskiej rodziny radziecko-ławniczej o włosko-szwajcarskim pochodzeniu. Postać Adama Toryaniego bez wątpienia znajdowała się w cieniu zarówno jego ojca, Franciszka I Toryaniego, architekta, rajcy krakowskiego, jak również braci: Karola, rajcy krakowskiego oraz Franciszka II, ławnika krakowskiego, a nawet bratanka Józefa, rajcy i aptekarza krakowskiego, doktora obojga praw. Poprzez związek małżeński Adama Toryaniego z przedstawicielką osiadłej na obszarze dawnych księstw oświęcimskiego i zatorskiego szlacheckiej rodziny Skorupków-Padlewskich starano się także pokazać faktyczną płynność granic międzystanowych w dawnej Rzeczypospolitej. Wprawdzie, co trzeba zaznaczyć, rodzina Toryanich (Torriani) herbu della Torre należała do starej szlachty lombardzko- szwajcarskiej, niemniej jednak nie uzyskała polskiego indygenatu, w każdym razie nie udało się dotrzeć do informacji na ten temat. Artykułowi towarzyszy edycja dwóch powiązanych ze sobą tekstów źródłowych – testamentu Adama Toryaniego, spi44 Maciej Ziemierski sanego 23 kwietnia 1756 r., oraz jego pośmiertnego inwentarza, spisanego 10 czerwca 1757 r. przez żonę Mariannę ze Skorupków-Padlewskich. The fate of Adam Toryani (after 6 March 1701–1756/57), son of the Krakow councillor Franciszek Toryani, in the light of his testament and posthumous inventory This article attempts to familiarise readers with the little-known figure of Adam Toryani, a representative of the Krakow judicial family of Italian-Swiss origin. Adam Toryani was undoubtedly in the shadow of his father, Franciszek I Toryani, an architect and Krakow councillor, as well as his brothers: Karol, a Krakow councillor and Franciszek II, a Krakow judge, and even his nephew Józef, a Krakow councillor and pharmacist as well as a doctor of canon and civil law. Through the marriage of Adam Toryani with a representative of the noble Skorupka-Padlewski family, settled in the area of the former Duchies of Oświęcim and Zator, there is also an attempt to show the fluidity of the inter-state borders in the former Republic. It is worth mentioning that the Toryani (Torriani) family coat of arms, the Della Torre, belonged to the old nobility of Lombardy-Switzerland, however, it did not obtain a Polish indygenat, or at least no information has been found on the subject. The article is accompanied by the edition of two related texts – the testament of Adam Toryani, written on 23 April 1756, and his posthumous inventory, prepared on 10 June 1757 by his wife, Marianna, née Skorupka-Padlewski.

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Chilunjika, Alouis, Edson Mutema, and Buhle Dube. "Impediments to effective Councilor oversight at Nkayi Rural District Council in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Law and Public Policy 2, no. 2 (2020): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp-0202.137.

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The paper seeks to examine and unpack the factors that are militating against councilor oversight at Nkayi Rural District Council. Councilor oversight is a crucial function for promoting and enhancing transparency, accountability, effectiveness and efficiency in Zimbabwean local authorities. Despite the existence of councilor oversight, local authorities in Zimbabwe continue to face operational, regulatory and oversight challenges. To establish the factors militating against effective councilor oversight at Nkayi, the respondents were purposively selected and the research used both primary and secondary data. The study established that low academic qualifications among councilors, councilors terms of office, political affiliation and partisanship and limited timeframes as the key impediments to effective councilor oversight at Nkayi Rural District Council.

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Yan, Quan, and Ernest Ming Tak Leung. "A Forgotten Experiment." British Journal of Chinese Studies 10 (July 3, 2020): 15–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51661/bjocs.v10i0.54.

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This paper is an account of China’s brief experiment with constitutional democracy and representative government during the early 20th century, spanning the late Qing Empire and the early Republic. The setting-up in 1909 of elected Provincial Consultative Boards was followed by the establishment in 1910 of the half-elected, half-appointed Advisory Council in Peking. This provided a battleground between the imperial court and the parliamentarians. Events such as the impeachment of the Grand Councillor were unprecedented and provided Chinese society and its elected representatives desperately needed training in modern parliamentary struggle. Councillors disillusioned with Manchu promises of reform became major promoters of the Republican revolution. Yet the early Republican parliament, dominated by radical revolutionaries whose idealism and all-or-nothing moral code rejected all compromise as betrayal, refused to acknowledge President Yuan Shikai’s actual strength and denied themselves a chance of arriving at a constitutional settlement with him. Exasperated by radical obstinance and unable to count on support from a strong centrist parliamentary force, Yuan in turn overreacted by dismantling the democratic institutions and installing a Latin American-styled “Super Presidency”. Establishmentarian and revolutionary elite loss of faith in moderation or accommodation ultimately pushed China away from democracy and onto a course towards totalitarianism.

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Schobel, Kurt. "How much is enough? A study of municipal councillor remuneration." Canadian Public Administration 57, no. 1 (2014): 138–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/capa.12054.

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Freeman, Richard. "The role of the councillor and the work of meeting." Local Government Studies 46, no. 4 (2019): 564–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2019.1673740.

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Allen, Peter. "Last in, first out – Gendered patterns of local councillor dropout." British Politics 8, no. 2 (2012): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/bp.2012.24.

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Seidel, Anna. "The Emperor and His Councillor: Laozi and Han Dynasty Taoism." Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie 17, no. 1 (2008): 125–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/asie.2008.1274.

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Banerjee, Riya. "Does Time Matter? – A Study of Participation of Women in Urban Governance." Space and Culture, India 4, no. 3 (2017): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v4i3.232.

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Time is an important aspect of present day life. Everyone tries to manage time in their daily lives, but women often face many hurdles in this respect. They work in their homes as well as in the public sphere, which doubles their actual workload. Their responsibilities increase further when women are engaged in the field of governance as local representatives. The work of a local representative is considered as a 24×7 thankless job in the Indian context, and women councillors (WCs) have to work just as hard as the men. However, in the domestic sphere, because of gendered nature of household chores, women still tend to do more work than men. Due to this reason, women have to manage their time in order to provide better services to the citizens and ensure that their household duties are completed flawlessly. This paper raises the issues related to such management of time by the elected women in the urban governance of West Bengal. The issues are: first, the duration of work as a councillor and its relation with the honorarium they receive; second, the extent to which their household work hinders their path to creating their identity in urban governance; and third, the degree to which these two activities influence the quality of their leisure time. In 1995, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) developed a methodology to analyse the value of time based on the time-use activities. This research underpins this methodology to justify the unpaid and underpaid work of the WCs as well as their management of time between indoor and outdoor activities. The primary data was collected by conducting individual interviews with 38 women councillors in the four selected small cities (Darjeeling, Balurghat, Raniganj and Chinsurah) of West Bengal.

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Mahoney, Seán. "Leading Locally: How New Zealand's mayors get things done." Policy Quarterly 17, no. 4 (2021): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/pq.v17i4.7324.

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New Zealand’s directly elected mayors are considered an example of a weak mayoral model, with mayors having limited legal powers to make decisions or appointments. However, many mayors continue to shape policy direction alongside their councillor colleagues. This article examines how a collaborative leadership approach allows mayors to successfully lead locally even without strong executive powers. Future reforms of local government should consider how to build on this leadership framework.

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