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Journal articles on the topic 'Counseling of Minorities'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Mcfadden, John. "Stylistic dimensions of counseling minorities." International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling 9, no. 3 (1986): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00120241.

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2

Szymanski, Edna Mora, Beatriz Treviño, and Diane Fernandez. "Rehabilitation Career Planning with Minorities." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 27, no. 4 (December 1, 1996): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.27.4.45.

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The purpose of this manuscript is to explain often overlooked contextual and mediating factors that influence the career development of minorities with disabilities. Literature from rehabilitation, counseling, and vocational psychology is used to provide insights into the influences of the following factors: culture and counselor orientation, castification and history, meaning of disability, independence or interdependence, racial identity and acculturation, language, role models, types of interventions, structural factors and opportunity structures, and gender and ethnicity interactions. Tips are provided for culturally sensitive rehabilitation counseling.
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3

No authorship indicated. "Review of Counseling Non-Ethnic American Minorities." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 34, no. 4 (April 1989): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/027980.

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4

Karlis, George. "Leisure Counseling: Minorities and Unemployment in the United States." World Leisure & Recreation 33, no. 4 (December 1991): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10261133.1991.9673791.

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5

Atkinson, Donald R., Chalmer E. Thompson, and Sheila K. Grant. "A Three-Dimensional Model for Counseling Racial/Ethnic Minorities." Counseling Psychologist 21, no. 2 (April 1993): 257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000093212010.

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6

Privette, Gayle, Stephen Quackenbos, and Charles M. Bundrick. "Preferences for Religious or Nonreligious Counseling and Psychotherapy." Psychological Reports 75, no. 1 (August 1994): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.75.1.539.

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Religious values in counseling and preferences for religious or secular counseling were investigated in two geographic areas. Over-all, 164 respondents distinguished religious from secular counseling and endorsed the importance of religious issues and the availability of counseling which can deal with religious issues. 51 preferred religious counseling. Small minorities expressed biases against religious or nonreligious counseling. Counseling preferences were based on the type of problem: religious counseling was preferred for marriage and family problems, and nonreligious counseling was preferred for mental illness and addiction, but religious and nonreligious counseling were equally chosen for depression. Frequency of church attendance was broadly related to preferences for religious and nonreligious counseling.
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7

Borrero, Sonya, Charity G. Moore, Mitchell D. Creinin, and Said A. Ibrahim. "Low Rates of Vasectomy Among Minorities: A Result of Differential Receipt of Counseling?" American Journal of Men's Health 4, no. 3 (August 25, 2009): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988309337619.

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Male sterilization is a highly effective contraceptive method that is underused especially among minorities. This analysis examined the association between race/ethnicity and receipt of sterilization counseling. This study used data collected by the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. The analysis included men 15 to 44 years old who had not undergone sterilization. The outcome was receipt of sterilization counseling in the 12 months prior to interview, and the primary predictor was race/ethnicity. Sociodemographic characteristics, history of fathering an unintended birth, intention for more children, and access to health care were examined as confounders. Sixty-one (1.7%) men reported receiving sterilization counseling. Although counseling was reported more commonly by Black and Hispanic men compared with White men, the rates were not significantly different (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.8-7.1 and OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 0.9-4.1, respectively). In this nationally representative sample of men aged 15 to 44 years, there were exceedingly low rates of sterilization counseling for all men regardless of race/ethnicity.
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8

Gary, Kelli W., Adam Sima, Paul Wehman, and Khalilah R. Johnson. "Transitioning Racial/Ethnic Minorities With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Related Services." Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals 42, no. 3 (June 14, 2018): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2165143418778556.

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Related services were examined for 1,400 racial/ethnic transitioning minorities enrolled in the National Longitudinal Transition Study–2 database after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic variables. Propensity methods balanced minorities (32%) and nonminorities (68%) on demographic and socioeconomic factors. Logistic regressions determined predictors of each outcome while incorporating propensity scores and survey weights. Education and income influenced more service receipt; whereas, percentage of persons with free or reduced lunch and minorities in high school had lower service receipt. After incorporating propensity scores, differences between minorities and nonminorities attenuated for occupational therapy and career counseling and increased for assistive technology with no services reaching significance after adjustment. Complex analyses incorporating socioeconomic factors best determine differences between racial/ethnic transitioning minorities with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
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9

Dispenza, Franco, Cory Viehl, Miriam H. Sewell, Meredith A. Burke, and Megan M. Gaudet. "A Model of Affirmative Intersectional Rehabilitation Counseling With Sexual Minorities." Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin 59, no. 3 (April 6, 2015): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034355215579916.

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10

Johnson, Veronica R. F., and Mark A. Yarhouse. "Shame in Sexual Minorities: Stigma, Internal Cognitions, and Counseling Considerations." Counseling and Values 58, no. 1 (April 2013): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-007x.2013.00027.x.

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11

Wright, Tennyson J. "Enhancing the Professional Preparation of Rehabilitation Counselors for Improved Services to Ethnic Minorities with Disabilities." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 19, no. 4 (December 1, 1988): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.19.4.4.

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Past and recent research on ethnic minorities with disabilities has indicated that they have identifiably unique characteristics and present special challenges to the rehabilitation counseling profession. Demographic data and research findings are presented which provide insight into how these characteristics and challenges impact the rehabilitation process. Recommendations are offered on how to enhance the professional preparation of rehabilitation counselors for improved services to ethnic minorities with disabilities.
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12

Ojanen, Timo T. "Sexual/gender minorities in Thailand: Identities, challenges, and voluntary-sector counseling." Sexuality Research and Social Policy 6, no. 2 (June 2009): 4–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/srsp.2009.6.2.4.

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13

McAleavey, Andrew A., Louis G. Castonguay, and Benjamin D. Locke. "Sexual Orientation Minorities in College Counseling: Prevalence, Distress, and Symptom Profiles." Journal of College Counseling 14, no. 2 (September 2011): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2011.tb00268.x.

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14

Smith, Lance C., Richard Q. Shin, and Lindsay M. Officer. "Moving Counseling Forward on LGB and Transgender Issues." Counseling Psychologist 40, no. 3 (June 27, 2011): 385–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000011403165.

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Using a case example, the authors explore how the counseling field’s participation in the discourse of heterosexist dominance fosters microaggressions toward sexual and gender-transgressive minorities. Specifically, the authors deconstruct four linguistic assumptions of the discourse of heterosexist dominance: (a) the sex/gender binary, (b) decontextualized disposition language of homophobia, (c) hierarchical disposition language of affirmation, and (d) gendered pronouns. The authors will also examine how these assumptions influence egalitarian, well-intended counselors and counseling psychologists to engage in microinvalidations of LGB and transgender clients. Implications regarding more effective practice, training, and research will be discussed.
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15

Everett, Bethany G., Jenny A. Higgins, Sadia Haider, and Emma Carpenter. "Do Sexual Minorities Receive Appropriate Sexual and Reproductive Health Care and Counseling?" Journal of Women's Health 28, no. 1 (January 2019): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2017.6866.

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16

Peart, Tasha, and Patricia B. Crawford. "Trends in Nutrition and Exercise Counseling among Adolescents in the Health Care Environment." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/949303.

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Purpose. Obesity is a serious health threat, particularly among racial/ethnic minorities and those who are uninsured, yet little is known about the implementation of nutrition or exercise counseling or the combination of both among these groups. Trends in counseling by race/ethnicity and types of insurance were examined.Methods. Trend analyses were conducted with the California Health Interview Surveys among those ages 12–17 for the period 2003–2009.Results.Race/Ethnicity: Receipt of both counseling methods declined from 2003–2009 for all racial/ethnic groups, except Hispanics and Whites, for whom increases in counseling began after 2007. Hispanics and African Americans generally reported higher levels of nutrition than exercise counseling, while Whites generally reported higher levels of exercise than nutrition counseling for the study period.Insurance Type: Receipt of both counseling methods appeared to decline from 2003–2009 among all insurance types, although after 2007, a slight increase was observed for the low-cost/free insurance group. Those with private health insurance generally received more exercise counseling than nutrition counseling over the study period.Conclusions. Counseling among all racial/ethnic groups and insurance types is warranted, but particularly needed for African Americans, American Indian/Alaska Natives, and the uninsured as they are at highest risk for developing obesity. Institutional and policy changes in the health care environment will be beneficial in helping to promote obesity-related counseling.
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17

Leong, Frederick T. L. "The Career Counseling Process With Racial-Ethnic Minorities: The Case of Asian Americans." Career Development Quarterly 42, no. 1 (September 1993): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1993.tb00242.x.

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18

Mintz, Laurie B., Kim M. Bartels, and Christina A. Rideout. "Training in counseling ethnic minorities and race-based availability of graduate school resources." Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 26, no. 3 (June 1995): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.26.3.316.

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19

D'Ardenne, Patricia. "Psychotherapy and counseling with minorities: A cognitive approach to individual and cultural differences." Behaviour Research and Therapy 30, no. 1 (January 1992): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(92)90114-v.

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20

Green, Robert G., Hailey Hamlin, Vickie Ogden, and Kim Walters. "Some Normative Data on Mental Health Professionals' Attitudes about Racial Minorities and Women." Psychological Reports 94, no. 2 (April 2004): 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.2.485-494.

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Although codes of ethics of the mental health professions and the recently developed race- and gender-specific models of counseling and psychotherapy stipulate positive and accepting attitudes toward racial minorities and women, formal assessment of these attitudes has been hindered by the absence of appropriate measurement tools and generalizable data. This study provides some normative data by reporting responses of 705 psychologists and social workers to the Quick Discrimination Index, a psychometrically sound 23-item self-report measure previously administered to several different professional groups. Analysis indicated psychologists and social workers reported particularly positive attitudes toward racial minorities and women but expressed the same racial and sex contradictions, ambivalences, and vulnerabilities reported by the general public.
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21

Lasser, Karen E., David U. Himmelstein, Steffie J. Woolhandler, Danny McCormick, and David H. Bor. "Do Minorities in the United States Receive Fewer Mental Health Services Than Whites?" International Journal of Health Services 32, no. 3 (July 2002): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/uexw-rarl-u46v-fu4p.

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Older studies have found that minorities in the United States receive fewer mental health services than whites. This analysis compares rates of outpatient mental health treatment according to race and ethnicity using more recent, population-based data, from the 1997 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. The authors calculated visit rates per 1,000 population to either primary care or psychiatric providers for mental health counseling, psychotherapy, and psychiatric drug therapy. In the primary care setting, Hispanics and blacks had lower visit rates (per 1,000 population) for drug therapy than whites (48.3 and 73.7 vs. 109.0; P < .0001 and P < .01, respectively). Blacks also had a lower visit rate for talk therapy (mental health counseling or psychotherapy) than whites (23.6 vs. 42.5; P < .01). In the psychiatric setting, Hispanics and blacks had lower visit rates than whites for talk therapy (38.4 and 33.6 vs. 85.1; P < .0001 for both comparisons) and drug therapy (38.3 and 29.1 vs. 71.8; P < .0001 for both comparisons). These results indicate that minorities receive about half as much outpatient mental health care as whites.
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22

Donnell, Chandra M., Reginald J. Alston, Joseph L. Hampton, and Tyronn J. Bell. "Ethnic and Gender Influences on the Social Acceptance of Persons with Disabilities by African American and White College Students." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 30, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.30.1.31.

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A small number of studies have yielded inconclusive results when examining the assertion that ethnic minorities have greater acceptance of persons with disabilities because of shared minority group status. The purpose of this study was to explore the hypothesis that African Americans, in comparison to Whites, hold more positive attitudes toward persons with disabilities in social situations. Also, differences according to the gender of the college student participants were explored. Implications for rehabilitation counseling are provided.
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23

Hargons, Candice, Della V. Mosley, and Danelle Stevens-Watkins. "Studying Sex: A Content Analysis of Sexuality Research in Counseling Psychology." Counseling Psychologist 45, no. 4 (May 2017): 528–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000017713756.

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Using a sex-positive framework, we conducted a 61-year (1954–2015) content analysis of sexuality research featured in The Counseling Psychologist and the Journal of Counseling Psychology. We aimed to uncover (a) which human sexuality topics were published most, (b) whether the publications aligned with sex-positive, neutral, or negative discourse, (c) what methodologies were used, and (d) differences in how populations were investigated across racial groups. We used an integrative approach to the content analysis and human coding. Results highlighted in 188 articles meeting criteria, the largest focus (38%) was on sexual orientation, sexual identity, and sexual minorities; only 5% utilized a sex-positive perspective. Quantitative and conceptual articles were the most published methods, and publications disproportionately focused on non-Latino White populations. When people of color were included, the discourse was sex negative. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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24

Rosenthal, David A., and John F. Kosciulek. "Clinical Judgment and Bias Due to Client Race or Ethnicity: An Overview with Implications for Rehabilitation Counselors." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 27, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.27.3.30.

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Rehabilitation counselors are responsible for determining eligibility of clients for services, assessing rehabilitation needs, and developing service plans to meet those needs. Patterns of inequitable treatment of minorities have been documented in all major junctures of the vocational rehabilitation process. This article provides an overview of clinical judgment and discusses stereotypes and prejudice due to client race or ethnicity as potential sources of bias within the rehabilitation counseling process. Implications for rehabilitation counselors are discussed and specific bias reduction strategies are provided.
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25

Cheung, Christopher W., and Stephani A. B. Jahn. "Closing the Acculturation Gap." Family Journal 25, no. 2 (April 2017): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480717697686.

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As the minority population of the United States grows rapidly, there is an increased need for culturally attentive counseling. East Asian Americans are a particularly large group among U.S. minorities, and their culture is distinct from those of other Asian groups. Their values are rooted in Confucian values and teachings, including the importance of respect, family, emotional restraint, saving face, and others. When these families immigrate to the United States, they face the process of acculturation, which affects members of the family differently, according to generation. East Asian Americans often present in counseling with acculturation-related conflicts between parents and children. Family counselors can use a Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) approach for family counseling to provide a problem-solving orientation to suit these clients. The theory is adaptable to fit clients’ worldviews, and its application can be used in a family-focused way that aligns well with this collectivist culture’s way of viewing themselves. A case example and transcripts illustrate the application of SFBT principles and techniques with a Chinese American multigenerational family.
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Norcross, John C., Krystle L. Evans, and Jeannette L. Ellis. "The Model Does Matter II: Admissions and Training in APA–Accredited Counseling Psychology Programs." Counseling Psychologist 38, no. 2 (July 31, 2009): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000009339342.

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This study collected information on the acceptance rates, admission standards, financial assistance, student characteristics, theoretical orientations, and select outcomes of American Psychological Association—accredited counseling psychology programs (99% response rate). Results are presented collectively for all 66 counseling programs as well as separately for practice-oriented PhD, equal-emphasis PhD, and research-oriented PhD programs. Practice-oriented programs accepted more applicants (29%) than equal-emphasis or research-oriented programs (19% and 17%); however, they offered less full funding (30%) than equal-emphasis (72%) or research-oriented programs (83%). Average Graduate Record Examination scores (594 quantitative, 552 verbal) and average grade point averages (3.57) were strong and similar across programs. Approximately 70% of incoming students were women, 29% ethnic and racial minorities, and 8% international students. On average, 89% of students secured an accredited internship as part of their 5.5-year-long program. The research-driven portrait of doctoral training in counseling psychology is of highly competitive, multiculturally diverse, and theoretically pluralistic programs in which the training model does matter in several respects.
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Carmichael, Nikkola, Krista Redlinger‐Grosse, and Shira Birnbaum. "Supporting a sense of inclusion and belonging for genetic counseling students who identify as racial or ethnic minorities." Journal of Genetic Counseling 30, no. 3 (February 6, 2021): 813–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgc4.1381.

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28

Dispenza, Franco, and Tameeka Hunter. "Reported Use of and Satisfaction With Vocational Rehabilitation Services Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Persons." Rehabilitation Research, Policy, and Education 29, no. 4 (2015): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2168-6653.29.4.421.

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Purpose:Reported use of and satisfaction rates of vocational rehabilitation (VR) services among a small sample of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons living with various chronic illness and disability (CID) conditions in the United States were explored.Method:Data were pulled from a larger data set that was collected via the Internet. A quantitative research design using descriptive statistics and Pearson chi-square tests were used to analyze the data.Results:Sexual minorities living with various CID conditions are presenting to VR for vocational services. Sexual minority women- and bisexual-identified persons were more likely to report dissatisfaction with VR services than gay men.Conclusions:LGBT persons are experiencing an array of CID conditions and using VR services. More consideration of LGBT issues in rehabilitation counseling is necessary.
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29

McGuinness, Julia E., Meghna S. Trivedi, Alejandro Vanegas, Hilary Colbeth, Rossy Sandoval, Rita Kukafka, and Katherine D. Crew. "Decision support for family history intake to determine eligibility for BRCA testing among multiethnic women." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 1586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.1586.

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1586 Background: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that women who meet family history criteria for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) be referred for genetic counseling. However, HBOC genetic testing is under-utilized, particularly among racial/ethnic minorities. We evaluated different methods of family history intake, including a validated family history screener, documentation in the electronic health record (EHR), and a web-based decision aid (DA). Methods: Among women undergoing screening mammography, we administered a validated family history screener to determine eligibility for BRCA genetic testing based upon USPSTF guidelines. We developed a patient-centered DA ( RealRisks) which includes modules on breast cancer risk, collection of detailed family history, and information on HBOC genetic testing. Women who met high-risk criteria for breast cancer were enrolled in an intervention trial to determine whether exposure to RealRisks increases referrals for high-risk consultations. BRCA genetic counseling/testing uptake was assessed by self-report and EHR review. Results: From November 2014 to June 2016, 3077 women completed the family history screener. Median age was 59 years (range, 29-99), including 76% Hispanic, 4% Ashkenazi Jewish, and 60% with a high school education or less. 12% met family history criteria for BRCA genetic testing based upon the family history screener, of which only 5.9% had previously undergone genetic counseling or testing. Sixty high-risk women were enrolled to access RealRisks. When family histories based upon the screener, DA, and EHR were compared, 12 (20%) had discrepancies in number of affected relatives, type of cancer, and age at diagnosis which changed eligibility for BRCA testing. Follow-up is ongoing to determine whether the DA facilitates appropriate referrals for genetic counseling. Conclusions: In a population of predominantly Hispanic and less educated women, a large proportion met USPSTF family history criteria for BRCA testing, but uptake of genetic counseling was low. Developing decision support for accurate family history intake is critical to identifying appropriate candidates for genetic referrals.
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Diallo, Abdoulaye, Chia Vang, Belinda Rivas, Antonio Aguirre, Carl Flowers, and Ngai Kwan. "The Use of Employment/Vocational Rehabilitation Services for Persons with HIV/AIDS and Substance Abuse: A potential Health Benefit." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 48, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.48.4.28.

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This study investigates Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) services related to competitive employment closure among non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB), non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), and Hispanics with HIV/AIDS and substance use disorder (SUD). Data of 4150 was extracted from the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA-911) database. Descriptive statistics and multi-variate analysis showed consumers who received SSI and Medicare were less likely to be employed than those who did not, and, NHW who received rehabilitation counseling and guidance benefited the most compared to NHB who did not. Rehabilitation counselors can assist minorities with HIV/AIDS and SUD secure employment given the positive effects of employment for this population. Health professionals should consider incorporating employment, using VR services in their treatment strategies, while making sure clients with different racial ethnicity background benefit equally from all VR services.
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31

Rice, Kerrilynn G., Riana B. Jumamil, Sarah M. Jabour, and Jennifer Kimberly Cheng. "Role of Health Coaches in Pediatric Weight Management." Clinical Pediatrics 56, no. 2 (July 20, 2016): 162–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922816645515.

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This study aims to describe patients’ and families’ perspectives regarding the ideal role and responsibilities of a health coach to facilitate pediatric weight management in the primary care setting. Systematic thematic analysis of semistructured interviews with overweight children and their parents was performed. The majority of participants self-identified as racial/ethnic minorities and were Medicaid eligible. Desired health coaching elements included ( a) customized support and encouragement, including goal setting and maintenance, cultural sensitivity, and consideration of budget and lifestyle; ( b) nutritional guidance, including meal planning, assistance obtaining healthy food, and education and counseling; and ( c) linkage to resources, including social services, physical activity support, and programs for children with special health care needs. We conclude that families’ specific needs should be holistically considered in the design of health coaching programs targeting pediatric obesity. Such support may help overcome social and financial barriers to changing health behaviors related to weight management.
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32

Amjad, Halima, Marcela Blinka, Jennifer Aufill, and Quincy Samus. "Dementia Diagnosis and Challenges in Minority Populations." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.525.

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Abstract Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias are underdiagnosed in the United States, with potentially higher rates of underdiagnosis among minority groups. Our objective was to examine perceptions of dementia, the utility and timeliness of diagnosis, and experiences obtaining diagnosis and care in minorities. We recruited 17 family caregivers of African American (n=11), Latino (n=3), and Asian (n=3) persons with dementia (PWD) to complete surveys and semi-structured interviews. Caregivers were mostly female (n=14), children of PWD (n=14), and had greater than high school education (n=16). Mean PWD age at diagnosis was 76 years (range 63-90) with mean 17 months from symptom observation to diagnosis (range 0.5-36 months). Interview themes were coded using a grounded theory approach. Emerging themes related to concerns prior to diagnosis, diagnosis experiences, timeliness of diagnosis, ways to improve diagnosis and care, familiarity with dementia, and stigma. Poor memory was the most common early concern; caregivers also noted behavioral symptoms, weight loss, family stress, and PWD vulnerability. Caregivers recalled key moments when they knew something was wrong. Primary care was the most frequent starting point in diagnosis; longstanding primary care relationships both facilitated and hindered diagnosis. Nine of the 17 caregivers felt diagnosis was delayed. Caregivers preferred clinicians who were forthcoming with the diagnosis and what to expect and noted the importance of family meetings or counseling. Prior experience or knowledge of dementia was common. Caregiver perspectives and experiences elicited in this study may be translated to interventions and clinical practices that proactively detect and address dementia in minorities.
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33

Kelava, Vera. "The contribution of the Youth Communication Center (YCC) to the peace building process in the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina and in the region." Temida 7, no. 4 (2004): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0404033k.

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Ever since its formation, the YCC has been working intensely on the reconciliation process and peace building. Over the past few years, we have implemented programs and conducted activities aimed at different categories of the population (refugees and displaced persons, ethnic minorities returnees, discharged soldiers, representatives of political parties representatives of local NGO-s, etc) in more than 40 communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina and broader. During our activities, we have developed a methodology of education on reconciliation and peace building by adapting the experiences of the good practice from other countries to the needs of the local environment we work in. In addition, we also organize programs aiming at connecting the young people in the region, actions and campaigns of public advocacy aimed at bringing about democratic change on the local and on the state level, counseling and psychotherapy for the vulnerable groups of citizens, continual media promotion of reconciliation over radio programs, we organize education for local experts dealing with reconciliation issues etc.
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34

McCloy, Rodney A., Patrick J. Rottinghaus, Chan Jeong Park, Rich Feller, and Todd Bloom. "YouScience: mitigating the skills gap by addressing the gender imbalance in high-demand careers." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 13, no. 3 (September 2020): 426–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/iop.2020.73.

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AbstractThe U.S. labor market continues to grapple with a “skills gap” (Marshall & Craig, 2019): a disconnect between the skills employers need and the number of job-seekers with those skills. Compounded by historically low unemployment rates, this gap is leaving employers with unfilled jobs and narrow talent pipelines. Concurrently, there are lingering concerns regarding underrepresentation of women and minorities in certain sectors of the labor market—particularly occupations in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). This article examines how the traditional interest-only career guidance tools used in education significantly influence the gender-based skills gaps that persist in high-demand careers and introduces YouScience, a company that is helping ameliorate the skills gap by combining measures of aptitudes and interests in a new career discovery platform. We close by presenting action steps for students, parents, educators, and counselors, as well as positing possible effects of COVID-19 on career exploration and counseling.
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35

Hall, Michael J., and Olufunmilayo I. Olopade. "Disparities in Genetic Testing: Thinking Outside the BRCA Box." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 14 (May 10, 2006): 2197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.05.5889.

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The impact of predictive genetic testing on cancer care can be measured by the increased demand for and utilization of genetic services as well as in the progress made in reducing cancer risks in known mutation carriers. Nonetheless, differential access to and utilization of genetic counseling and cancer predisposition testing among underserved racial and ethnic minorities compared with the white population has led to growing health care disparities in clinical cancer genetics that are only beginning to be addressed. Furthermore, deficiencies in the utility of genetic testing in underserved populations as a result of limited testing experience and in the effectiveness of risk-reducing interventions compound access and knowledge-base disparities. The recent literature on racial/ethnic health care disparities is briefly reviewed, and is followed by a discussion of the current limitations of risk assessment and genetic testing outside of white populations. The importance of expanded testing in underserved populations is emphasized.
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Lefevor, G. Tyler, Jacqueline Y. Paiz, William-Michael Stone, Kiet D. Huynh, Hibah E. Virk, Sydney A. Sorrell, and Sierra E. Gage. "Homonegativity and the Black Church: Is Congregational Variation the Missing Link?" Counseling Psychologist 48, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 826–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000020918558.

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The Black church in the United States has historically functioned as a bastion for civil rights; however, it may also be a source of pain and suffering for sexual minorities. To examine the influence of individual and congregational variables on attitudes toward same-sex sexuality in the Black church, we collected a sample of 219 participants from 15 randomly selected congregations. Results of three hierarchical linear models indicated that congregation- and individual-level variables emerged as equally important predictors of individuals’ attitudes toward same-sex sexuality. Individual-level religiousness and congregation-level education emerged as significant predictors of homonegativity. Our results suggest that congregations may play a role in enacting homonegative attitudes. We encourage counseling psychologists working with religious Black sexual minority clients to help clients consider characteristics of congregations (e.g., education) and individual religious practices (e.g., overzealous service attendance) that may signal homonegativity. We encourage further work examining the influence of congregational factors on congregants’ attitudes.
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Aguirre, Alfredo, Laura Trupin, Mary Margaretten, Sarah Goglin, Jung Hee Noh, and Jinoos Yazdany. "Using Process Improvement and Systems Redesign to Improve Rheumatology Care Quality in a Safety Net Clinic." Journal of Rheumatology 47, no. 11 (February 15, 2020): 1712–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.190472.

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ObjectiveTo develop and evaluate interventions to improve quality of care in 4 priority areas in an urban safety net adult rheumatology clinic serving a racially/ethnically and socioeconomically diverse patient population.MethodsThe Institute for Healthcare Improvement’s Model for Improvement was used to redesign clinical processes to achieve prespecified benchmarks in the following areas from 2015 to 2017: 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) administration among immunocompromised patients; disease activity monitoring with the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) for patients with rheumatoid arthritis; latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening for new biologic users with RA; and reproductive health counseling among women receiving potentially teratogenic medications. We measured performance for each using standardized metrics, defined as the proportion of eligible patients receiving recommended care.ResultsThere were 1205 patients seen in the clinic between 2015 and 2017. Regarding demographics, 71% were women, 88% identified as racial/ethnic minorities, and 45% were eligible for at least 1 of the quality measures. Shewart charts for the PCV13 and CDAI measures showed evidence of improved healthcare delivery over time. Benchmarks were achieved for the CDAI and LTBI measures with 93% and 91% performance, respectively. Performance for the PCV13 and reproductive health counseling measures was 78% and 46%, respectively, but did not meet prespecified improvement targets.ConclusionThrough an interprofessional approach, we were able to achieve durable improvements in key rheumatology quality measures largely by enhancing workflow, engaging nonphysician providers, and managing practice variation.
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Johnson, Lisa E., and Geoffrey L. Thorpe. "Psychotherapy and Counseling with Minorities: A Cognitive Approach to Individual and Cultural DifferencesManuel RamirezIII. New York: Pergamon Press (Psychology Practitioner Guidebooks), 1991." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 22, no. 2 (April 1994): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465800011991.

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Harris, Ashley, Nymisha Chilukuri, Meredith West, Janice Henderson, Shari Lawson, Sarah Polk, David Levine, and Wendy L. Bennett. "Obesity-Related Dietary Behaviors among Racially and Ethnically Diverse Pregnant and Postpartum Women." Journal of Pregnancy 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9832167.

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Introduction.Obesity is common among reproductive age women and disproportionately impacts racial/ethnic minorities. Our objective was to assess racial/ethnic differences in obesity-related dietary behaviors among pregnant and postpartum women, to inform peripartum weight management interventions that target diverse populations.Methods.We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 212 Black (44%), Hispanic (31%), and White (25%) women, aged ≥ 18, pregnant or within one year postpartum, in hospital-based clinics in Baltimore, Maryland, in 2013. Outcomes were fast food or sugar-sweetened beverage intake once or more weekly. We used logistic regression to evaluate the association between race/ethnicity and obesity-related dietary behaviors, adjusting for sociodemographic factors.Results.In adjusted analyses, Black women had 2.4 increased odds of fast food intake once or more weekly compared to White women (CI = 1.08, 5.23). There were no racial/ethnic differences in the odds of sugar-sweetened beverage intake.Discussion.Compared with White or Hispanic women, Black women had 2-fold higher odds of fast food intake once or more weekly. Black women might benefit from targeted counseling and intervention to reduce fast food intake during and after pregnancy.
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LaFromboise, Teresa D., and Sandra L. Foster. "Cross-Cultural Training." Counseling Psychologist 20, no. 3 (July 1992): 472–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000092203006.

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Despite the existence of Criteria 2 -cultural and individual differences -in the American Psychological Association (APA) accreditation of doctoral training in counseling psychology, few programs offer, much less require, course work on service delivery to or research with ethnic minorities. The goal of this article is to present a model for organizing and evaluating cross-cultural content throughout each phase of clinical and research training during doctoral study in scientist-practitioner programs. First described is an overview of the separate course, area of concentration, interdisciplinary, and integration models for the promotion of cultural understanding in psychology. Then a series of specific recommendations along the lines of the integration model are provided for the development of cross-cultural competence beginning with institutional modifications at the departmental level. Specific additions to research and clinical course work are suggested along with information on available resources for curricular reform in each area. Finally, an apprenticeship continuum from prepracticum to internship is presented as a guide for making more culturally relevant both research and clinical mentoring.
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Toven-Lindsey, Brit, Marc Levis-Fitzgerald, Paul H. Barber, and Tama Hasson. "Increasing Persistence in Undergraduate Science Majors: A Model for Institutional Support of Underrepresented Students." CBE—Life Sciences Education 14, no. 2 (June 2015): ar12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.14-05-0082.

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The 6-yr degree-completion rate of undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors at U.S. colleges and universities is less than 40%. Persistence among women and underrepresented minorities (URMs), including African-American, Latino/a, Native American, and Pacific Islander students, is even more troubling, as these students leave STEM majors at significantly higher rates than their non-URM peers. This study utilizes a matched comparison group design to examine the academic achievement and persistence of students enrolled in the Program for Excellence in Education and Research in the Sciences (PEERS), an academic support program at the University of California, Los Angeles, for first- and second-year science majors from underrepresented backgrounds. Results indicate that PEERS students, on average, earned higher grades in most “gatekeeper” chemistry and math courses, had a higher cumulative grade point average, completed more science courses, and persisted in a science major at significantly higher rates than the comparison group. With its holistic approach focused on academics, counseling, creating a supportive community, and exposure to research, the PEERS program serves as an excellent model for universities interested in and committed to improving persistence of underrepresented science majors and closing the achievement gap.
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Yecies, Emmanuelle B., Colleen P. Judge-Golden, Lisa Callegari, and Sonya Borrero. "Contraceptive Care in the Veterans Health Administration." Seminars in Reproductive Medicine 37, no. 01 (January 2019): 024–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1692201.

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AbstractIn recent years, the number of women Veterans obtaining care in the Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System has grown, expanding the need for provision of contraceptive care. Women Veterans are a diverse group of women with complex sociodemographic and medical backgrounds, and meeting their needs presents a unique challenge for VA. Efforts including the establishment of comprehensive women's health clinics and training practitioners in women's health have greatly improved healthcare services for women Veterans over the last few decades. Recent data from a large cross-sectional survey study suggest that contraceptive use in VA is similar to the general population and that rates of unintended pregnancy, while still significant, are not higher than that in the general population. Subgroup analyses of this survey data, however, suggest that ongoing efforts are needed to improve outcomes in vulnerable subpopulations of women Veterans, particularly ethnic/racial minorities and Veterans with complex medical backgrounds. Policy changes such as the elimination of copayments for contraceptive prescriptions and the dispensing of more months of contraceptive supply are evidence-based starting points for improvements, in addition to leveraging VA's integrated system and research infrastructure to improve patient-centered counseling and contraceptive access.
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Payton, Fay Cobb, Lynette Kvasny Yarger, and Anthony Thomas Pinter. "Text Mining Mental Health Reports for Issues Impacting Today’s College Students: Qualitative Study." JMIR Mental Health 5, no. 4 (October 23, 2018): e10032. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/10032.

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Background A growing number of college students are experiencing personal circumstances or encountering situations that feel overwhelming and negatively affect their academic studies and other aspects of life on campus. To meet this growing demand for counseling services, US colleges and universities are offering a growing variety of mental health services that provide support and services to students in distress. Objective In this study, we explore mental health issues impacting college students using a corpus of news articles, foundation reports, and media stories. Mental health concerns within this population have been on the rise. Uncovering the most salient themes articulated in current news and literature reports can better enable higher education institutions to provide health services to its students. Methods We used SAS Text Miner to analyze 165 references that were published from 2010 to 2015 and focused on mental health among college students. Key clusters were identified to reveal the themes that were most significant to the topic. Results The final cluster analysis yielded six themes in students’ mental health experiences in higher education (ie, age, race, crime, student services, aftermath, victim). Two themes, increasing demand for student services provided by campus counseling centers (113/165, 68.5%) and the increased mental health risks faced by racial and ethnic minorities (30/165, 18.2%), dominated the discourse. Conclusions Higher education institutions are actively engaged in extending mental health services and offering targeted outreach to students of color. Cluster analysis identified that institutions are devoting more and innovative resources in response to the growing number students who experience mental health concerns. However, there is a need to focus on proactive approaches to mitigate the causes of mental health and the aftermath of a negative experience, particularly violence and sexual assault. Such strategies can potentially influence how students navigate their health information seeking and how information and communication technologies, including mobile apps, can partially address the needs of college students.
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Higashiyama, Nicole, Shaun Bulsara, Susan G. Hilsenbeck, Tiffaney Tran, Ria Brown, Mary Fang, Cathy Sullivan, et al. "Genetic assessment of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer in the Harris Health System: A five-year, single-center experience." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 10587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.10587.

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10587 Background: Identifying patients with hereditary breast cancer is critical since lifetime breast cancer risk is as high as 85% for those with germline BRCA1/2 mutations and preventive interventions can reduce that risk. However, genetic assessments and counseling are often underutilized among racial/ethnic minority populations. Reducing this genetic testing gap is important since hereditary breast/ovarian cancer syndromes occur among racial/ethnic minorities at least as frequently as non-Ashkenazi Jewish, non-Hispanic White populations. More information on variants in these populations is also needed to better define their genetic susceptibility. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of adult patients evaluated for genetic testing for hereditary breast/ovarian cancer by a genetic counselor between October 1, 2009 and September 30, 2014 in Harris Health System which is a large, county health system composed mostly of underserved and minority patients. Data from 2015-2019 is currently being extracted and we are reporting the first 5 years of data. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient data. Results: 659 patients underwent genetic counseling (10.5% non-Hispanic White, 24.4% Black, 56.9% Hispanic, 5.9% Asian, and 2.3% other). Five patients had Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry. The majority of patients completed testing (87.4%) with 72.7% receiving financial assistance. Among those who did not complete testing, only 12.0% declined, while 66.3% did not meet guideline-based criteria or were recommended to have an affected relative tested. Multigene panel testing was not available until April 2014, so most underwent BRCA sequencing (75.0%) and/or a BRCA large rearrangement test (61.0%). 36.1% received multigene panel testing, 4.6% single site analysis, and 4.4% p53 sequencing. Deleterious mutations occurred in 98 (14.9%) patients: BRCA1 (n = 60), BRCA2 (n = 25), PALB2 (n = 7), ATM (n = 3), and other (n = 3). The distribution of races/ethnicities among those with deleterious mutations was similar to the overall population (7.1% non-Hispanic White, 18.4% Black, 69.4% Hispanic, 3.1% Asian, and 2.0% other). 80.6% of those with deleterious mutations had breast cancer. High rates of bilateral mastectomies were performed in patients with deleterious mutations: BRCA1 60%, BRCA2 55%, PALB2 57.1%, and ATM 33%. Risk-reducing salpingectomy or salpingo-oophorectomy was performed in 56.7% BRCA1, 60% BRCA2, 28.5% PALB2, and 33.3% other mutation carriers. Conclusions: We demonstrate that with the support of financial assistance programs, most patients who receive genetic counseling will accept genetic testing in a socioeconomically underserved, racially/ethnically diverse population. Identification of high-risk patients in these groups is critical since pathogenic variants in this population were common and more than half underwent risk-reducing procedures.
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Cangialosi, Peter, Mark Liotta, Diana Finkel, Shobha Swaminathan, and Steven Keller. "601. Disparities in Diabetes Care: Smoking Cessation among Women and Minorities Living with HIV at an Urban Academic Medical Center." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.795.

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Abstract Background People living with HIV (PLWH) and diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of developing significant medical complications such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Disproportionate rates of diabetes and HIV among minority groups raise the issue of how demographic disparities may impact care. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2020 guidelines for diabetes care recommend optimal glycemic levels (A), blood pressure control (B), lipid reduction (C), and smoking cessation (N), commonly referred to as ABC or ABCN criteria. This quality assessment project examines diabetes management in PLWH by gender, race/ethnicity, and BMI, in a predominantly minority-serving clinic, as assessed by rates of guideline adherence to the above metrics. Methods This project was reviewed and approved by the Rutgers IRB. Patients from an HIV registry of University Hospital Infectious Disease Outpatient clinic in Newark, NJ were reviewed for a diagnosis of diabetes and both a clinic visit and an A1c score recorded between 2/1/2019 and 1/31/2020. Achieving glycemic target was defined as HbA1c &lt; 7.5 for patients &lt; 65 and HbA1c &lt; 8 for patients &gt; 65. Target adherence criteria also included a blood pressure average of &lt; 140/90 over this period and an LDL-c of &lt; 100 mg/dL. Non-smoking status includes both former and never smokers. Results Of 1035 patients reviewed, a total of 172 met criteria. Adherence rate for achieving goal HbA1c was 61.6% (95% CI 54.2-68.6, n=172). Blood pressure and LDL-c adherence rates were 65.1% (95% CI 57.7-71.8, n=172) and 67.4% (95% CI 60.1-74.0, n=172), respectively. ABC and ABCN rates were 24.4% (95% CI 18.6-31.4, n=172) and 18.6% (95% CI 13.5-25.1, n=172). The overall smoking rate, as well as the rates in the female subgroup, those with BMI 18.5-24.9, and the non-Hispanic black subgroup were significantly higher than the national average (P&lt; 0.05). Table 1: Demographic Data of PLWH and Diabetes Table 2: Adherence to ABCN Criteria in Diabetes Care by Demographics for PLWH from 2/1/2019 – 1/31/2020 Conclusion For diabetic PLWH, smoking cessation requires improvement, particularly in female, normal BMI, and non-Hispanic black subgroups. These findings, in addition to a majority overweight patient population, highlight the need for increased education and interventions aimed at nutritional counseling and risk factor mitigation among all patient subgroups. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Martin, Lothar R. "Ethnic minorities ? Can counselling help?" International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling 9, no. 3 (1986): 279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00120248.

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Vaccaro, Joan A., Kelitha Anderson, and Fatma G. Huffman. "Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors, Medical Care, Glycemic Control, and Self-Rated Health in U.S. Men by Race/Ethnicity." American Journal of Men's Health 10, no. 6 (July 8, 2016): NP99—NP108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988315585590.

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Men, particularly minorities, have higher rates of diabetes as compared with their counterparts. Ongoing diabetes self-management education and support by specialists are essential components to prevent the risk of complications such as kidney disease, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological impairments. Diabetes self-management behaviors, in particular, as diet and physical activity, have been associated with glycemic control in the literature. Recommended medical care for diabetes may differ by race/ethnicity. This study examined data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2007 to 2010 for men with diabetes ( N = 646) from four racial/ethnic groups: Mexican Americans, other Hispanics, non-Hispanic Blacks, and non-Hispanic Whites. Men with adequate dietary fiber intake had higher odds of glycemic control (odds ratio = 4.31, confidence interval [1.82, 10.20]), independent of race/ethnicity. There were racial/ethnic differences in reporting seeing a diabetes specialist. Non-Hispanic Blacks had the highest odds of reporting ever seeing a diabetes specialist (84.9%) followed by White non-Hispanics (74.7%), whereas Hispanics reported the lowest proportions (55.2% Mexican Americans and 62.1% other Hispanics). Men seeing a diabetes specialist had the lowest odds of glycemic control (odds ratio = 0.54, confidence interval [0.30, 0.96]). The results of this study suggest that diabetes education counseling may be selectively given to patients who are not in glycemic control. These findings indicate the need for examining referral systems and quality of diabetes care. Future studies should assess the effectiveness of patient-centered medical care provided by a diabetes specialist with consideration of sociodemographics, in particular, race/ethnicity and gender.
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Clavijo, Stephanie, Matthew Herrmann, and Katya Corado. "997. The Purview Paradox: PrEP Utilization at a Major Southern California County Teaching Hospital and Affiliated Clinics." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S527—S528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1183.

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Abstract Background According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), PrEP coverage in the United States was approximately 18% in 2018 and 21.9% in California. We predict that PrEP prescription is lower at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (HUMC) and affiliated clinics within Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. Methods A retrospective chart review of HIV-negative patients with ICD-10 coded diagnoses of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or high-risk sexual behavior was performed across various medical specialties at HUMC and affiliated clinics in 2018. Documentation of sexual behavior risk reduction counseling, PrEP discussion and prescription was reviewed from electronic medical records for each encounter. Descriptive statistics and analysis were completed in STATA Version 16.1, StataCorp LLC. Results The sample included 250 individual patients, all with indications for PrEP. Of those, 47.2% identified as Latinx and 27.2% Black. Table 1 shows 74% of patients identified as heterosexual whereas 9.2% identified as gay, and 4.4% bisexual. Of the 250 individual patients, 87 (34.8%) returned for a 2nd visit, 35 (14.0%) for a third, and 9 (3.6%) for a 4th visit, for a total of 381 encounters. Of the total encounters, 49.3% had sexual behavior risk reduction counseling, 7.3% had discussions about PrEP with their provider, and only 2.1% were newly prescribed PrEP (Table 2). Of the 2.1% new PrEP prescriptions, 1.8% were prescribed by family medicine providers with no new prescriptions by OB/GYN or acute care providers. Only 25% of new PrEP prescriptions were female patients. A positive test for an STI occurred in 45.1% of total encounters while high risk sexual behavior was identified in 54.9% of encounters (Table 3). Table 1: First Encounter Demographics (N=250 Individual Patients) Table 2: Primary Outcomes by Specialty (N=381 Total Encounters) Table 3: Sexually Transmitted Infections Frequency (N=381 Total Encounters) Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that the percent of individuals newly prescribed PrEP (2.1%) at HUMC and affiliated clinics is less than that reported nationally and in California. This suggests that municipal health systems fall short in PrEP usage, notably for structurally vulnerable populations such as racial minorities as well as heterosexual females. Ending racial/ethnic disparities in HIV and in PrEP coverage not only requires educating specialty providers on PrEP, but also addressing structural racism and identifying structural barriers to care in vulnerable communities. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Phongtankuel, Veerawat, Lauren Meador, Ronald D. Adelman, Jordan Roberts, Charles R. Henderson, Sonal S. Mehta, Tessa del Carmen, and M. C. Reid. "Multicomponent Palliative Care Interventions in Advanced Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review." American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® 35, no. 1 (November 10, 2016): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049909116674669.

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Background: Many patients live with serious chronic or terminal illnesses. Multicomponent palliative care interventions have been increasingly utilized in patient care; however, it is unclear what is being implemented and who is delivering these interventions. Objectives: To (1) describe the delivery of multicomponent palliative care interventions, (2) characterize the disciplines delivering care, (3) identify the components being implemented, and (4) analyze whether the number of disciplines or components being implemented are associated with positive outcomes. Design: Systematic review. Study Selection: English-language articles analyzing multicomponent palliative care interventions. Outcomes Measured: Delivery of palliative interventions by discipline, components of palliative care implemented, and number of positive outcomes (eg, pain, quality of life). Results: Our search strategy yielded 71 articles, which detailed 64 unique multicomponent palliative care interventions. Nurses (n = 64, 88%) were most often involved in delivering care, followed by physicians (n = 43, 67%), social workers (n = 33, 52%), and chaplains (n = 19, 30%). The most common palliative care components patients received were symptom management (n = 56, 88%), psychological support/counseling (n = 52, 81%), and disease education (n = 48, 75%). Statistical analysis did not uncover an association between number of disciplines or components and positive outcomes. Conclusions: While there has been growth in multicomponent palliative care interventions over the past 3 decades, important aspects require additional study such as better inclusion of key groups (eg, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, end-stage renal disease, minorities, older adults); incorporating core components of palliative care (eg, interdisciplinary team, integrating caregivers, providing spiritual support); and developing ways to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions that can be readily replicated and disseminated.
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Sheth, Anandi N., Sophia A. Hussen, Cam Escoffery, Lisa B. Haddad, Leah Powell, Nakita Brown, Teresa R. Filipowicz, et al. "Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Integration Into Family Planning Services at Title X Clinics in the Southeastern United States: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Hybrid Type I Effectiveness Implementation Study (Phase 2 ATN 155)." JMIR Research Protocols 9, no. 9 (September 25, 2020): e18784. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18784.

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Background Adolescent and young adult women (AYAW), particularly racial and ethnic minorities, in the Southern United States are disproportionately affected by HIV. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective, scalable, individual-controlled HIV prevention strategy that is grossly underutilized among women of all ages and requires innovative delivery approaches to optimize its benefit. Anchoring PrEP delivery to family planning (FP) services that AYAW already trust, access routinely, and deem useful for their sexual health may offer an ideal opportunity to reach women at risk for HIV and to enhance their PrEP uptake and adherence. However, PrEP has not been widely integrated into FP services, including Title X–funded FP clinics that provide safety net sources of care for AYAW. To overcome potential implementation challenges for AYAW, Title X clinics in the Southern United States are uniquely positioned to be focal sites for conceptually informed and thoroughly evaluated PrEP implementation science studies. Objective The objective of this study is two-fold: to evaluate multilevel factors associated with the level of PrEP adoption and implementation (eg, PrEP screening, counseling, and prescription) within and across 3 FP clinics and to evaluate PrEP uptake, persistence, and adherence among female patients in these clinics over a 6-month follow-up period. Methods Phase 2 of Planning4PrEP (Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions 155) is a mixed methods hybrid type 1 effectiveness implementation study to be conducted in three clinics in Metro Atlanta, Georgia, United States. Guided by the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment framework, this study will prepare clinics for PrEP integration via clinic-wide trainings and technical assistance and will develop clinic-specific PrEP implementation plans. We will monitor and evaluate PrEP implementation as well as female patient PrEP uptake, persistence, and adherence over a 6-month follow-up period. Results Phase 2 of Planning4PrEP research activities began in February 2018 and are ongoing. Qualitative data analysis is scheduled to begin in Fall 2020. Conclusions This study seeks to evaluate factors associated with the level of PrEP adoption and implementation (eg, PrEP screening, counseling, and prescription) within and across 3 FP clinics following training and implementation planning and to evaluate PrEP uptake, persistence, and adherence among female patients over a 6-month follow-up period. This will guide future strategies to support PrEP integration in Title X–funded clinics across the Southern United States. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04097834; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04097834 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/18784
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