Relevant bibliographies by topics / Counterfactual evaluation

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Counterfactual evaluation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 1 June 2024
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Counterfactual evaluation"

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Markman, Keith D., Matthew N. McMullen, Ronald A. Elizaga, and Nobuko Mizoguchi. "Counterfactual thinking and regulatory fit." Judgment and Decision Making 1, no. 2 (2006): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s193029750000231x.

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AbstractAccording to regulatory fit theory (Higgins, 2000), when people make decisions with strategies that sustain their regulatory focus orientation, they “feel right” about what they are doing, and this “feeling-right” experience then transfers to subsequent choices, decisions, and evaluations. The present research was designed to link the concept of regulatory fit to functional accounts of counterfactual thinking. In the present study, participants generated counterfactuals about their anagram performance, after which persistence on a second set of anagrams was measured. Under promotion fr
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Bertolotti, Mauro, and Patrizia Catellani. "The Effects of Counterfactual Attacks on the Morality and Leadership of Different Professionals." Social Psychology 49, no. 3 (2018): 154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000338.

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Abstract. Past research has offered contrasting results regarding the effects of attacks on social judgments. In three experiments, we investigated the effects of counterfactual (“If only…”) and non-counterfactual attacks on the morality versus leadership of politicians versus entrepreneurs. First, participants rated morality as the most desirable, but least typical dimension of politicians, and leadership as the most desirable and most typical dimension of entrepreneurs (Study 1). Then, counterfactual attacks led to poorer evaluation of the attacked target and better evaluation of the attacki
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Hannikainen, Ivar. "Might-counterfactuals and the principle of conditional excluded middle." Disputatio 4, no. 30 (2011): 127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/disp-2011-0003.

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Abstract Owing to the problem of inescapable clashes, epistemic accounts of might-counterfactuals have recently gained traction. In a different vein, the might argument against conditional excluded middle has rendered the latter a contentious principle to incorporate into a logic for conditionals. The aim of this paper is to rescue both ontic mightcounterfactuals and conditional excluded middle from these disparate debates and show them to be compatible. I argue that the antecedent of a might-counterfactual is semantically underdetermined with respect to the counterfactual worlds it selects fo
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Buliga, Andrei, Chiara Di Francescomarino, Chiara Ghidini, Marco Montali, and Massimiliano Ronzani. "Generating Counterfactual Explanations Under Temporal Constraints." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 39, no. 15 (2025): 15622–31. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i15.33715.

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Counterfactual explanations are one of the prominent eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques, and suggest changes to input data that could alter predictions, leading to more favourable outcomes. Existing counterfactual methods do not readily apply to temporal domains, such as that of process mining, where data take the form of traces of activities that must obey to temporal background knowledge expressing which dynamics are possible and which not. Specifically, counterfactuals generated off-the-shelf may violate the background knowledge, leading to inconsistent explanations. This
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Rylková, Žaneta, Karel Stelmach, and Petr Vlček. "Overall Equipment Effectiveness within Counterfactual Impact Evaluation Concept." Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 64, s1 (2017): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/saeb-2017-0037.

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Abstract Counterfactual impact evaluation (CIE) is a scientific quantitative approach mainly based on experiments and quasi experiments. CIE is trying to prove a causal relationship between outputs and outcomes. CIE does not take into account coherence of external incentives of companies with internal incentives that have or may have an impact on the behaviour of enterprises. The paper sets up internal evaluation indicators for businesses, counterfactuals useful for creating a more complex metrics evaluating businesses in the area of performance. The aim of the paper is to present model situat
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Schleich, Maximilian, Zixuan Geng, Yihong Zhang, and Dan Suciu. "GeCo." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 14, no. 9 (2021): 1681–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3461535.3461555.

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Machine learning is increasingly applied in high-stakes decision making that directly affect people's lives, and this leads to an increased demand for systems to explain their decisions. Explanations often take the form of counterfactuals , which consists of conveying to the end user what she/he needs to change in order to improve the outcome. Computing counterfactual explanations is challenging, because of the inherent tension between a rich semantics of the domain, and the need for real time response. In this paper we present CeCo, the first system that can compute plausible and feasible cou
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Wauters, Benedict, and Derek Beach. "Process tracing and congruence analysis to support theory-based impact evaluation." Evaluation 24, no. 3 (2018): 284–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356389018786081.

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Theory-based impact evaluations have been put forward increasingly as an alternative for counterfactual impact evaluations. However, this raises questions regarding the foundations of drawing causal inference on the basis of such approaches. Case study methods such as QCA (Quantitative Comparative Analysis), process tracing and congruence analysis are emerging as a way to match the methodological rigor of counterfactuals. While QCA relies on multiple cases, process tracing and congruence analysis are methods that claim to be able to draw causal inference within a single case. In this article,
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Clark-Moorman, Kyleigh, Jason Rydberg, and Edmund F. McGarrell. "Impact Evaluation of a Parolee-Based Focused Deterrence Program on Community-Level Violence." Criminal Justice Policy Review 30, no. 9 (2018): 1408–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403418812999.

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We estimate the impact of a parolee-based focused deterrence (“pulling levers”) intervention on community-level firearm and non-firearm violence in Rockford, Illinois, via a retrospective, quasi-experimental design. Focusing on incidents of firearm violence in Rockford over a period of 60 months (38 months pre-intervention, 22 months post-intervention), program impact is assessed using Bayesian Structural Time Series (BSTS) models, constructing a synthetic control-based counterfactual time series from National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data from 59 non-treated cities of similar s
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Castaño, Javier, Maria Blanco, and Pilar Martinez. "Reviewing Counterfactual Analyses to Assess Impacts of EU Rural Development Programmes: What Lessons Can Be Learned from the 2007–2013 Ex-Post Evaluations?" Sustainability 11, no. 4 (2019): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041105.

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Counterfactual analysis has been recommended as a means of assessing the impacts of European Rural Development Programmes (RDP) over recent years, although its application has been scarce to date. This paper examines the use of counterfactual analysis to assess socioeconomic impacts in a set of 2007–2013 ex-post evaluations. The analysis undertaken shows that a wide variety of counterfactual approaches have been applied, although certain barriers still remain to address the estimation of RDP impacts following the EU evaluation standards. Furthermore, we noted that impacts provided by individua
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Domnich, Marharyta, Julius Välja, Rasmus Moorits Veski, et al. "Towards Unifying Evaluation of Counterfactual Explanations: Leveraging Large Language Models for Human-Centric Assessments." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 39, no. 15 (2025): 16308–16. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i15.33791.

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As machine learning models evolve, maintaining transparency demands more human-centric explainable AI techniques. Counterfactual explanations, with roots in human reasoning, identify the minimal input changes needed to obtain a given output and, hence, are crucial for supporting decision-making. Despite their importance, the evaluation of these explanations often lacks grounding in user studies and remains fragmented, with existing metrics not fully capturing human perspectives. To address this challenge, we developed a diverse set of 30 counterfactual scenarios and collected ratings across 8
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Counterfactual evaluation"

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Orri, Stefansson Hlynur. "Decision theory and counterfactual evaluation." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/984/.

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The value of actual outcomes or states of affairs often depends on what could have been. Such dependencies create well-known “paradoxes” for decision theory, the best-known perhaps being the so-called Allais Paradox. The primary aim of this PhD thesis is to enrich decision theory such that it includes counterfactual prospects in the domains of desirability (or utility) functions, and show that, as a result, the paradoxes in question disappear. Before discussing the way in which counterfactual propositions influence the desirability of actual outcomes, I discuss the way in which the truth of on
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Swaminathan, Adith. "Counterfactual Evaluation and Learning From Logged User Feedback." Thesis, Cornell University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10258968.

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<p> Interactive systems that interact with and learn from user behavior are ubiquitous today. Machine learning algorithms are core components of such systems. In this thesis, we will study how we can re-use logged user behavior data to evaluate interactive systems and train their machine learned components in a principled way. The core message of the thesis is &bull; Using simple techniques from causal inference, we can improve popular machine learning algorithms so that they interact reliably. &bull; These improvements are effective and scalable, and complement current algorithmic and modelin
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GUCCIARDI, Gianluca. "Three Essays in Policy Impact Evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2487965.

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1. Re-assessing health care decentralization and its impact on infant mortality: evidence from the EU countries In this work, we propose to test the effects of health-care sector decentralization on infant mortality, a proxy for the quality of citizens’ health, adopting as unit of analysis 25 EU countries between 1995 and 2013. Moreover, we discuss and address the endogeneity of the model due to possible mismeasurement of the decentralization of the health-care sector, when proxied by the sole fiscal decentralization. Our results suggest that the positive effects of fiscal decentralization on
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Faury, Louis. "Variance-sensitive confidence intervals for parametric and offline bandits." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021IPPAT046.

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Cette thèse présente des contributions récentes au problème d’optimisation sous feedback bandit, au travers de la construction d’intervalles de confiance sensibles à la variance. Nous traitons deux aspects distincts du problème: (1) la minimisation du regret pour les bandits à modèle linéaire généralisé (GLBs), une large classe de bandits paramétriques non-linéaires et (2) le problème d’optimisation de politique hors ligne sous signal bandit. Concernant (1) nous étudions les effets de la non-linéarité dans les GLBs et remettons en question la compréhension actuelle selon laquelle des hauts niv
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Cowell, Paul David. "Three essays in the economics of higher education." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/28037.

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This thesis presents three empirical analyses in the economics of Higher Education within the United Kingdom. The first analysis evaluates the impact of student funding reforms on participation and course choice, through the use of a difference-in-differences strategy with heterogeneous treatment effects. The results show that students who received the largest increase in study costs were less likely to move further away and also more likely to study a subject with lower graduate wage premia due to the significant reduction in the risk of investing in higher education. Students who received th
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Švarc, Michal. "Empirická analýza projektu: Stáže ve firmách." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192454.

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This paper is dedicated to the empirical analysis of the pilot trainee project Stáže ve firmách, which is considered as treatment in this analysis. The main objective of the empirical analysis is estimation of average treatment effect(ATE) and average treatment effect on treated(ATET) for characteristics like socioeconomic status and wage. Counterfactual methods for policy impact evaluation like Difference in Differences Estimator(DiD), First Differences Estimator(FD) and Propensity Score Matching(PSM) are used to estimation mentioned effects. This paper contains extension of Assignment Proble
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Špaček, Martin. "Mikroekonomické dopady strukturálních fondů v neziskovém sektoru." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162872.

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My thesis titled "Microeconomic Impact of Structural Funds in the Nonprofit Sector" focuses on the analysis of the impact of EU funds on the capacities of Czech NGOs. I dealt with the situation of public benefit companies. I have measured the impact on capacity through economic indicators derived from financial statements of organizations which are the total revenues, total staff costs, profit and total debt. Results of the analysis has been achieved by comparison of supported and unsupported organizations for the period 2006-2011 using selected methods of counterfactual impact evaluation as t
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Galope, Reynold V. "Public Financing of Risky Early-Stage Technology." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/pmap_diss/46.

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This dissertation examines the role of public investments in inducing small firms to develop risky, early-stage technologies. It contributes to expanding our understanding of the consequences of research, innovation, and entrepreneurship policies and programs by investigating in more depth the effect of the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program on the innovation effort, ability to attract external capital, and other metrics of post-entry performance of small business start-ups using a new sample and estimation approach. This study integrated the Kauffman Firm Survey from the Ewin
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Cruz, Daniela Filipa Fonseca. "Counterfactual impact evaluation of vocational education in Portugal." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/11572.

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JEL classification: C14 – Non parametric methods; I26 – Returns to education<br>The Reform of the Portuguese education system, which took place in 2004, led to the introduction and rapid expansion of vocational education in public high schools. This thesis aims to assess the impacts of vocational education on students’ academic and labor market performance using a Counterfactual Impact Evaluation (CIE) approach. The dataset used in the analysis includes data for the academic years of 2008/2009, 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. For both methodological and data availability reasons, we restrict our anal
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DI, STEFANO ROBERTA. "Alternative approaches for counterfactual evaluation in the presence of a few units." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1553095.

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The dissertation is part of the flourishing literature that estimates the causal effect of policy intervention in panel data settings with only one or a few treated and control units. In a context where many policy interventions occur at an aggregate level, the synthetic control method (SCM) literature assumes a focal role in the causal effect estimation. The thesis analyzed the SCM features, its critical issues and presented alternative approaches for the counterfactual evaluation in the presence of a few units, shedding light on how recent methodological advances contributed to this literatu
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Books on the topic "Counterfactual evaluation"

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Dvoulety, Ondrej. Reflection on the Usage of the Counterfactual Impact Evaluation Method to Quantify the Effects of Public Subsidies at Firm Level. SAGE Publications Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529628913.

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Stalnaker, Robert C. Knowledge and Conditionals. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810346.001.0001.

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A set of interconnected chapters on topics in the theory of knowledge. Part 1 considers the concept of knowledge, its logical properties, and its relation to belief and partial belief, or credence. It includes a discussion of belief revision, two discussions of reflection principles, a chapter about the status of self-locating knowledge and belief, a chapter about the evaluation of normative principles of inductive reasoning, and a development and defense of a contextualist account of knowledge. Part 2 is concerned with conditional propositions, and conditional reasoning, with chapters on the
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Bjorkman, Bronwyn M., and Claire Halpert. In an imperfect world: Deriving the typology of counterfactual marking. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198718208.003.0009.

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Much work has focused on the use of “fake”’ past in marking counterfactual clauses. This chapter focuses instead on the contribution of aspect, evaluating claims that some languages require both fake past and fake (imperfective) aspect in counterfactual clauses. We argue that this appearance is an illusion, resulting from the fact that past tense forms are aspectually underspecified in many languages: this underspecification gives rise to an apparent requirement for imperfective marking in some languages (e.g. French, Zulu), but an apparent requirement for perfective marking in others (e.g. Pa
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Solstad, Torgrim, and Oliver Bott. Causality and Causal Reasoning in Natural Language. Edited by Michael R. Waldmann. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399550.013.32.

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This chapter provides a combined overview of theoretical and psycholinguistic approaches to causality in language. The chapter’s main phenomenological focus is on causal relations as expressed intra-clausally by verbs (e.g., break, open) and between sentences by discourse markers (e.g., because, therefore). Special attention is given to implicit causality verbs that are argued to trigger expectations of explanations to occur in subsequent discourse. The chapter also discusses linguistic expressions that do not encode causation as such, but that seem to be dependent on a causal model for their
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Yen, Wendy. Debiasing the hindsight bias: A review. 2005.

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Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Volume 29. Academic Press, 1997.

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Crespo, Inés, Hadil Karawani, and Frank Veltman. Expressing Expectations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739548.003.0009.

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This chapter addresses a variety of topics: (i) conditionals (there is a third kind of conditionals, somewhere between indicatives and counterfactuals); (ii) relative gradable adjectives (how do they get their evaluative force?); and (iii) generic sentences (why aren’t they all equally general?). What these topics have in common is that one cannot explain the meaning—not even the logical properties—of the expressions concerned without explaining how they affect people’s expectations. This can best be done in a framework in which the meaning of a sentence is not equated with its truth condition
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Roberts, John T. Laws of Nature. Edited by Paul Humphreys. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199368815.013.20.

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Scientists (and scientifically literate laypersons) regard certain regularities or uniformities in the course of nature—but not others—as laws of nature; the ones they regard as laws they allow to play a distinguished role in explanation and in evaluating counterfactuals. The philosophical problem about laws is: What laws of nature could be such that this would be a reasonable and fruitful way for scientists to proceed? This article explores the major current philosophical theories of laws, including dispositional essentialism and the best-system analysis. It also explores several major questi
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Hunt, Luke William. Entrapment, Prerogative Power, and the Rule of Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190904999.003.0006.

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Chapter 5 first argues that the subjective test for entrapment is a theoretically and practically untenable method of evaluating sting operations: the test is based upon a decision procedure that gives rise to questions about the metaphysics of counterfactual conditionals, which raise more pressing epistemological, ethical, and political problems. Accordingly, the second goal of this chapter is to examine the limits of sting operations more broadly. This is done by examining the extent to which the police are justified in using discretionary power to break what would otherwise be the law. The
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Summers, Andy. Mitigation in the Law of Damages. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780191864032.001.0001.

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Abstract This book provides the first comprehensive theoretical and doctrinal treatment of the law of mitigation in any common law jurisdiction. Mitigation determines how a claimant’s own response to a breach affects the damages they can recover. It responds to the basic argument: ‘although I did wrong, you made things worse’. It applies to all claims for compensation, regardless of the claimant’s cause of action and irrespective of the defendant’s level of fault (if any). The book’s main argument is that the twin principles of choice and abnormality, which underlie ‘commonsense’ causal reason
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Book chapters on the topic "Counterfactual evaluation"

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Balke, Alexander, and Judea Pearl. "Probabilistic Evaluation of Counterfactual Queries." In Probabilistic and Causal Inference. ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3501714.3501733.

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Tonati, Samuele, Marzio Di Vece, Roberto Pellungrini, and Fosca Giannotti. "Ensemble Counterfactual Explanations for Churn Analysis." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78980-9_21.

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Abstract Counterfactual explanations play a crucial role in interpreting and understanding the decision-making process of complex machine learning models, offering insights into why a particular prediction was made and how it could be altered. However, individual counterfactual explanations generated by different methods may vary significantly in terms of their quality, diversity, and coherence to the black-box prediction. This is especially important in financial applications such as churn analysis, where customer retention officers could explore different approaches and solutions with the cl
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Väth, Philipp, Alexander M. Frühwald, Benjamin Paassen, and Magda Gregorova. "Diffusion-Based Visual Counterfactual Explanations - Towards Systematic Quantitative Evaluation." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-74633-8_8.

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Pereira, Luís Moniz, Francisco C. Santos, and António Barata Lopes. "AI Modelling of Counterfactual Thinking for Judicial Reasoning and Governance of Law." In Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence and the Law. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41264-6_14.

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AbstractWhen speaking of moral judgment, we refer to a function of recognizing appropriate or condemnable actions and the possibility of choice between them by agents. Their ability to construct possible causal sequences enables them to devise alternatives in which choosing one implies setting aside others. This internal deliberation requires a cognitive ability, namely that of constructing counterfactual arguments. These serve not just to analyse possible futures, being prospective, but also to analyse past situations, by imagining the gains or losses resulting from alternatives to the action
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Martins, Pedro S. "Public Policy, Big Data, and Counterfactual Evaluation: An Illustration from an Employment Activation Programme." In Data-Driven Policy Impact Evaluation. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78461-8_10.

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Zhang, Xuezhong, Libin Dai, Qingming Peng, Ruizhi Tang, and Xinwei Li. "A Survey of Counterfactual Explanations: Definition, Evaluation, Algorithms, and Applications." In Advances in Natural Computation, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20738-9_99.

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Guo, Ruocheng, Jundong Li, and Huan Liu. "Counterfactual Evaluation of Treatment Assignment Functions with Networked Observational Data." In Proceedings of the 2020 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611976236.31.

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Prado-Romero, Mario Alfonso, Bardh Prenkaj, and Giovanni Stilo. "GRETEL 2.0: Generation and Evaluation of Graph Counterfactual Explanations Evolved." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70371-3_21.

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d’Hombres, Beatrice, and Giulia Santangelo. "Use of Administrative Data for Counterfactual Impact Evaluation of Active Labour Market Policies in Europe: Country and Time Comparisons." In Data-Driven Policy Impact Evaluation. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78461-8_17.

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Jones, Kelly W., Allen Blackman, and Rodrigo Arriagada. "Methods to Advance Understanding of Tenure Security: Impact Evaluation for Rigorous Evidence on Tenure Interventions." In Land Tenure Security and Sustainable Development. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81881-4_14.

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AbstractThe impact of land tenure interventions on sustainable development outcomes is affected by political, social, economic, and environmental factors, and as a result, multiple types of evidence are needed to advance our understanding. This chapter discusses the use of counterfactual impact evaluation to identify causal relationships between tenure security and sustainable development outcomes. Rigorous evidence that tenure security leads to better outcomes for nature and people is thin and mixed. Using a theory of change as a conceptual model can help inform hypothesis testing and promote
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Conference papers on the topic "Counterfactual evaluation"

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Liu, Diwen, and Xiaodong Yue. "Counterfactual-Driven Model Explanation Evaluation Method." In 2024 6th International Conference on Communications, Information System and Computer Engineering (CISCE). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cisce62493.2024.10653060.

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Crisan, Anamaria, Nathan Butters, and Zoe. "Exploring Subjective Notions of Explainability through Counterfactual Visualization of Sentiment Analysis." In 2024 IEEE Evaluation and Beyond - Methodological Approaches for Visualization (BELIV). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/beliv64461.2024.00007.

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Bhattacharjee, Amrita, Raha Moraffah, Joshua Garland, and Huan Liu. "Zero-shot LLM-guided Counterfactual Generation: A Case Study on NLP Model Evaluation." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10825537.

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Sonkar, Shashank, Naiming Liu, MyCo Le, and Richard Baraniuk. "MalAlgoQA: Pedagogical Evaluation of Counterfactual Reasoning in Large Language Models and Implications for AI in Education." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.findings-emnlp.913.

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Lister, Kate. "ACADEMIC PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR DIGITAL HIGHER EDUCATION ENVIRONMENTS: A BASELINE AND COUNTERFACTUAL EVALUATION USING THREE YEARS OF STAFF SURVEYS." In 17th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2024.2109.

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Nguyen, Van Bach, Christin Seifert, and Jörg Schlötterer. "CEval: A Benchmark for Evaluating Counterfactual Text Generation." In Proceedings of the 17th International Natural Language Generation Conference. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.inlg-main.6.

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Nguyen, Van Bach, Paul Youssef, Christin Seifert, and Jörg Schlötterer. "LLMs for Generating and Evaluating Counterfactuals: A Comprehensive Study." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.findings-emnlp.870.

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Kamahi, Sepehr, and Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh. "Counterfactuals As a Means for Evaluating Faithfulness of Attribution Methods in Autoregressive Language Models." In Proceedings of the 7th BlackboxNLP Workshop: Analyzing and Interpreting Neural Networks for NLP. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.blackboxnlp-1.28.

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Yang, Xiaoyu, Stephen Obadinma, Huasha Zhao, Qiong Zhang, Stan Matwin, and Xiaodan Zhu. "SemEval-2020 Task 5: Counterfactual Recognition." In Proceedings of the Fourteenth Workshop on Semantic Evaluation. International Committee for Computational Linguistics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.semeval-1.40.

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Prado-Romero, Mario Alfonso, and Giovanni Stilo. "GRETEL: Graph Counterfactual Explanation Evaluation Framework." In CIKM '22: The 31st ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3511808.3557608.

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Reports on the topic "Counterfactual evaluation"

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Pais Mamede, Ricardo, Teresa Fernandes, and Ana Alexandrino Silva. Counterfactual impact evaluation of EU funded enterprise support in Portugal. DINÂMIA'CET-IUL, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2015.05.

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Cumberbatch, Janice, Fabian Hinds, Leonardo Corral, et al. The Impact of Coastal Infrastructure Improvements on Economic Growth: Evidence from Barbados. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011763.

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This paper presents the first rigorous impact evaluation of a shoreline stabilization program in Barbados and attempts to assess whether shoreline stabilization investments indeed have beneficial effects on medium-term economic growth in Small Island Developing States through stimulating tourism demand and real estate development. The analysis relies on a carefully designed geographic information systems (GIS) dataset, which comprises extensive panel data from Barbados' touristic West and South Coasts on key infrastructure, beach characteristics, and real estate activity, as well as remotely-s
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Caravello, Tomás, Alisdair McKay, and Christian Wolf. Evaluating Policy Counterfactuals: A VAR-Plus Approach. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w32988.

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Bukstein, Daniel, and Néstor Gandelman. Glass Ceiling in Research: Evidence from a National Program in Uruguay. Inter-American Development Bank, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011792.

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This paper presents evidence that female researchers have 7.1 percentage points lower probability of being accepted into the largest national research support program in Uruguay than male researchers. They also have lower research productivity than their male counterparts. Differences in observable characteristics explain 4.9 of the 7.1 percentage point gap. The gender gap is wider at the higher ranks of the program consistent with the existence of a glass ceiling. The results are robust to issues of bidirectionality (impact of research productivity on the probability of accessing the program
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Shetty, Vyshnavi, Mycola Sauciur, and Anurag Pande. Investigating the Conversion of a Signalized Intersection to a Turbo Roundabout. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2025. https://doi.org/10.31979/mti.2025.2233.

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Turbo roundabouts are multilane roundabouts with helical pavement markings and raised structures. While they have seen widespread use in Europe, California is only the second state in the U.S. (after Florida) to have installed a turbo roundabout. Turbo roundabouts separate the ingress and circulating roadways. The concept was proposed and implemented in the Netherlands to mitigate congestion by improving traffic flow efficiency and addressing safety concerns on conventional multilane roundabouts. This research evaluates the first-ever turbo roundabout in California and compares its safety and
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Bonhomme, Stéphane, and Angela Denis. Estimating individual responses when tomorrow matters. Banco de España, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/36092.

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We propose a regression-based approach to estimate how individuals’ expectations influence their responses to a counterfactual change. We provide conditions under which average partial effects based on regression estimates recover structural effects. We propose a practical three-step estimation method that relies on subjective beliefs data. We illustrate our approach in a model of consumption and saving, focusing on the impact of an income tax that not only changes current income but also affects beliefs about future income. Applying our approach to Italian survey data, we find that individual
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Peña-Torres, Julio, Kailin Kroetz, James N. Sanchirico, and David Corderi. Evaluation of the Chilean Jack Mackerel ITQ System. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011723.

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The debate in commercial fishery management has evolved from whether well-defined rights are necessary for sustainability to measuring the impacts of different rights-based system designs. Most assessments are on developed world fisheries. Using a unique collection of datasets, we develop counterfactuals to evaluate the impacts of the Chilean Jack Mackerelcatch share program. We investigate vessel and trip characteristics, as well as trip costs and revenues, before and after the implementation of the program. We find an increase in higher value products and associated revenue, as well as conso
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Barral, Mark Anthony, and Francis Mark Quimba. JPEPA, a Decade After: Evaluating the Effects in Philippine Exports using the Synthetic Control Method. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2019. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2019.33.

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Free trade agreements (FTAs) and regional trade agreements (RTAs), as a national policy, have proliferated in the recent decades as countries perceived them to effectively reduce trade barriers--helping expand market access, protect local markets, and enhance efficiency and productivity of domestic industries. Such preferential trade agreements, however, can have advantages or disadvantages. The Japan-Philippines Economic Partnership Agreement, which is the first and only FTA of the Philippines, was entered into in order to facilitate and promote free transborder flow of goods, services, capit
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Impact Evaluation of the Business Development Program for the Software Industry in Uruguay. Inter-American Development Bank, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008978.

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The purpose of this impact evaluation is to assess the success of the Business Development Program for the Software Industry in Uruguay in achieving and sustaining results over time. The evaluation had six general objectives: The impact assessment combined an overall program lifecycle analysis with an assessment of specific program outputs and outcome. In regard to the program lifecycle, Dalberg Global Development Advisors looked at four stages: (i) design of the program (assumptions and diagnostic studies that influenced program component choices; alignment with country strategy and reflectio
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Counterfactual impact evaluations of active labour market policies. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), 2025. https://doi.org/10.1787/bea7860e-en.

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