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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Counterinsurgency - Kenya

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Academic literature on the topic 'Counterinsurgency - Kenya'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 December 2022

Last updated: 26 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Counterinsurgency - Kenya"

1

Baughan, Emily. "Rehabilitating an Empire: Humanitarian Collusion with the Colonial State during the Kenyan Emergency, ca. 1954–1960." Journal of British Studies 59, no. 1 (2020): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2019.243.

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AbstractDuring the Kenyan Emergency of 1952–1960, one of the most violent episodes in the history of the British Empire, humanitarian organizations colluded with the colonial state to shore up British power. This article examines how aid agencies that claimed to exemplify the progressive internationalism of the postwar period participated in colonial violence. Far from condemning the brutality of the imprisonment and torture during the Kenyan Emergency, aid organizations were deeply implicated in parallel projects for women and children that sought to achieve the same objectives: the remaking of Kikuyu hearts and minds and the weakening of anticolonial resistance. Far from acting as a check on colonial violence in an era of burgeoning rights discourses in 1950s Kenya, self-proclaimed “impartial” internationalist organizations, while claiming to uphold values of universal humanity, worked as auxiliaries to the colonial counterinsurgency. Taking their cue from military counterinsurgency in 1950s Malaya, humanitarians sought to win “hearts and minds” and undertook material provision for imprisoned anticolonial activists and their families on behalf of the colonial state. They did so by importing new humanitarian expertise developed in wartime Europe and adapting it to fit within racist, colonial norms. In providing this allegedly impartial expertise, humanitarian organizations lent credence to the myth that rehabilitation in Kenya was a progressive program enacted by a liberal empire to modernize its subjects, rather than a ruthless attempt to stymie anticolonial resistance by any means necessary. In this case, postwar humanitarian internationalism did not challenge colonial brutality but enabled it.

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Peterson, Derek R. "Defeating Mau Mau, Creating Kenya: Counterinsurgency, Civil War, and Decolonization." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 38, no. 2 (2010): 337–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086531003744062.

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3

Malkin, Stanislav Gennad’evich, and Dmitriy Aleksandrovich Nesterov. "Colonial experience and the theory of counter-guerrilla warfare in the USA: a symposium of RAND, April 16-20, 1962 as a historic source." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 4 (2017): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201764215.

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This paper analyzes the materials of the symposium held by the RAND Corporation from 16 to 20 April 1962. Its purpose was to generalize the experience of past combat conflicts, which could contribute to an effective fight against insurgents in future conflicts. Twelve military officers of the armies of the United States, Britain, France and Australia participated in this symposium. All of them took part in counter-guerrilla operations around the world - Algeria, China, Greece, Kenya, Laos, Malaya, Oman, South Vietnam and the Philippines. Their rich experience formed the basis of this symposium. The goals and objectives of the symposium, the features of the materials and the biographies of the participants are consecrated in details in the paper. The questions discussed at the meeting are discussed in details. They are characteristics and examples of guerrilla warfare; primary objectives of counterinsurgency and some effective organizational and operational approaches; tactics and techniques of counter-guerrilla warfare; principles and techniques of political action; psychological warfare and civil actions; intelligence and counterintelligence: problems and techniques of intelligence-gathering, and the importance of communications; British campaign in Kenya; selection of personnel for counterinsurgency; special role of the advisor; winning the Counterguerrilla War. The conclusion of the paper shows a special significance of the materials of this symposium for the study of military thought during the Cold War, and especially the influence of the colonial experience of European empires on US foreign policy.

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4

Hynd, Stacey. "Small Warriors? Children and Youth in Colonial Insurgencies and Counterinsurgency, ca. 1945–1960." Comparative Studies in Society and History 62, no. 4 (2020): 684–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417520000250.

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AbstractChild soldiers are often viewed as a contemporary, “new war” phenomenon, but international concern about their use first emerged in response to anti-colonial liberation struggles. Youth were important actors in anti-colonial insurgencies, but their involvement has been neglected in existing historiographies of decolonization and counterinsurgency due to the absence and marginalization of youth voices in colonial archives. This article analyses the causes of youth insurgency and colonial counterinsurgency responses to their involvement in conflict between ca. 1945 and 1960, particularly comparing Kenya and Cyprus, but also drawing on evidence from Malaya, Indochina/Vietnam, and Algeria. It employs a generational lens to explore the experiences of “youth insurgents” primarily between the ages of twelve and twenty. Youth insurgents were most common where the legitimate grievances of youth were mobilized by anti-colonial groups who could recruit children through colonial organizations as well as family and social networks. While some teenagers fought due to coercion or necessity, others were politically motivated and willing to risk their lives for independence. Youth soldiers served in multiple capacities in insurgencies, from protestors to couriers to armed fighters, in roles that were shaped by multiple logics: the need for troop fortification and sustained manpower; the tactical exploitation of youth liminality, and the symbolic mobilization of childhood and discourses of childhood innocence. Counterinsurgency responses to youthful insurgents commonly combined violence and development, highlighting tensions within late colonial governance: juveniles were beaten, detained, and flogged, but also constructed as “delinquents” rather than “terrorists” to facilitate their subsequent “rehabilitation.”

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Anderson, David M., and Julianne Weis. "The Prosecution of Rape in Wartime: Evidence from the Mau Mau Rebellion, Kenya 1952–60." Law and History Review 36, no. 2 (2018): 267–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248017000670.

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In July 2012, a landmark hearing before the High Court in London found that the British government had a case to answer concerning human rights abuses, including torture and rapes, allegedly perpetrated by British colonialists in Kenya, during the Mau Mau counterinsurgency of the 1950s. Among the four elderly Kenyan claimants in court that day was a Kikuyu woman, Jane Mara, whose testimony related the sexual abuses she had suffered. Jane had been only 15 years of age, in 1954, when she was accused of being a Mau Mau sympathizer, and along with other villagers, she was taken for interrogation. The experience Jane Mara recounted was horrific. Beaten repeatedly by her inquisitors, she was then pinned to the floor by four African guards who held her thighs apart, while another guard forced a glass bottle into her vagina, using the sole of his boot to direct the bottle deeply into her. The pain was excruciating, and Jane realized that the bottle had been heated. When this ordeal came to an end, she was compelled to sit and watch as the three other young women were subjected to the same torture.

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6

MacArthur, Julie. "Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Kenya: A Social History of the Shifta Conflict, c. 1963–1968." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines 50, no. 2 (2015): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2015.1099795.

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BENNETT, HUW. "The Other Side of the COIN: Minimum and Exemplary Force in British Army Counterinsurgency in Kenya." Small Wars & Insurgencies 18, no. 4 (2007): 638–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592310701778514.

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8

Scharrer, Tabea. "Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Kenya. A Social History of the Shifta Conflict, c. 1963–1968, written by Hannah Whittaker." Islamic Africa 7, no. 1 (2016): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21540993-00701010.

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9

Waller, Richard. "Hannah Whittaker. Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Kenya. Leiden: Brill, 2015. ix + 178 pp. Acknowledgments. Maps. Bibliography. Index. No price reported. Paper. ISBN 978-90-04-28267-4." African Studies Review 60, no. 1 (2017): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2017.21.

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10

Ingiriis, Mohamed Haji. "Hannah Whittaker , Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Kenya: a social history of the Shifta conflict, c.1963–1968. Leiden: Brill (pb €69 – 978 90 04 28267 4). 2015, x + 176 pp." Africa 87, no. 3 (2017): 646–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972017000249.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Counterinsurgency - Kenya"

1

Heather, Randall William. "Counterinsurgency and intelligence in Kenya, 1952-56." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251561.

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2

McConnell, John Alexander. "The British in Kenya (1952-1960) : analysis of a successful counterinsurgency camapaign [i.e. campaign] /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FMcConnell.pdf.

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Winslow, Scott J. "Democracies Waging Counterinsurgency in a Foreign Context: The Past and Present." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4475.

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The lack of favorable outcomes produced by recent attempts at counterinsurgency by Western countries shows that the importance of uncovering a more effective approach for conducting external counterinsurgency operations cannot be downplayed. In an attempt to discover what this approach might entail, prior successful interventions conducted by democracies in the Philippines and Kenya were compared to the recent failure in Iraq, using three variable groupings as a lens through which to view all three conflicts and allow cross-conflict comparison of conditions that contributed to success or failure. Through evaluation of indicators linked to these variable groupings, it was determined that there were many similarities in conditions between the two successful examples and an inverse correlation for those conditions in the unsuccessful example. In order to be more successful in the future, intervening states should attempt to replicate the specified conditions found in Kenya and the Philippines, approach interventions with a strategic mindset, and execute interventions holistically instead of with a narrow tactical approach. Finally, planning for counterinsurgency contingencies during an intervention should start before the first dollar is spent or the first bullet fired.

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4

Bailey, William J. "Countering-insurgency : a comparative analysis of campaigns in Malaya (1948-1960), Kenya (1952-1960) and Rhodesia (1964-1980)." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/579.

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History has lessons for the present; could this be the case for modern counterinsurgency operations in countries resembling Iraq and Afghanistan? This research set out to study three historical counter-insurgencies campaigns in, Malaya (1947-1960), Kenya (1952- 1960) and Rhodesia (1964-1980), with a view to establishing whether or not the Colonial authorities had a substantial advantage over modern forces when combating insurgencies. If this was the case, are these advantages transferable to aid forces involved in modern counterinsurgencies? The research questions focussed on how important the role of the Colonial Forces was to the eventual outcome, examining the principal factors that contributed to their effectiveness? Included in this examination were aspects of strategy, together with an appreciation of the concept of ‘hearts and minds’, tactics and the evolution of counterinsurgency doctrine. A qualitative research design was adopted, using a case study methodology based upon comparative analysis of the data collected. Case studies were constructed for the three conflicts, based around the narratives obtained from a series of semi-structured interviews, with surviving members of the security forces; predominately police and Special Branch. The primary data was coded, using a thematic framework developed from the Literature Review. These themes were then synthesised, analysed and interpreted in response to the research questions related to the perceived problem. Lastly, the findings were compared and contrasted to provide theoretical recommendations and conclusions. The study indicated the significant role played by the Colonial Police Forces, especially Special Branch, which appears to have been instrumental in dominating initiatives against the rebels. Supporting the police, were Colonial army units together with locally recruited indigenous militias in a combined approach to prosecuting an effective counterinsurgency campaign. In addition, this was reinforced by the Colonial Government’s ability to apply draconian legislation in support of the strategic plan, to reinforce the rule of law by the police, coupled with its ability to garner popular support through civil projects, such as schools, clinics and housing. Evolving counter-insurgency doctrine advocated the need to cut off the insurgents from their supplies, by separating them from the general population. Separation was achieved by the forced movement of the population into ‘Protected Villages’ backed up by food control, harsh collective punishments, detention and curfews. Further key beneficial factors for the Colonial Forces included their knowledge of religious customs, culture and language, which enhanced their ability to gather vital intelligence direct from the population; rather than second hand. Analysing the concept of ‘hearts and minds’ since 1947, indicated it was evolving as a strategy and was not operationally as well accepted as it is today. Although often considered a benevolent approach to gaining the support of the population, the research also demonstrated the antithesis of this approach occurred by the insurgents applying power over ‘minds’ of the population though intimidation, terrorism, and physiological control. This psychological control was achieved through sorcery, spirit mediums and the taking of oaths. Ultimately, political solutions not military ones ended the insurgencies. The theoretical recommendations indicated that greater attention needs to be expended in training counter-insurgency forces to empathise with the local population when conducting overseas operations; especially improved knowledge of religious customs, culture and language. The outcome would enhance their capabilities through better population support resulting in superior intelligence.

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5

Jakobsson, Philip. "Brittisk bekämpning av Mau Mau : hade fransk upprorsbekämpningsteori fungerat?" Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-4717.

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Mau Mau var en illegal upprorsmakande organisation i Kenya, sprungen ur det Afrika främjande partiet Kenya African Union under mitten av 1900-talet då Kenya var en brittisk koloni. Mau Maus anhängare kom från den etniskt kenyanska folkgruppen kikuyu som medelst våld ville uppnå målet att skapa ett kikuyukontrollerat Kenya fritt från vita européer. Britternas svar på Mau Mau blev upprorsbekämpning vilken av britterna anses lyckad och präglades av deportering av civila. Undersökningen besvarar frågan huruvida Galulas teori om upprorsbekämpning hade varit tillämpbar på konflikten i Kenya genom en fallstudie på britternas agerande utifrån Galulas teori. För att identifiera likheter och skillnader mellan empiri och teori används textanalys samt Gordon McCormicks Magiska Diamant som ett analys- och operationaliseringsverktyg. Resultatet av fallstudien visar att Galulas teori hade kunnat tillämpas av britterna och genererat en, för britterna, framgångsrik upprorsbekämpning.

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Books on the topic "Counterinsurgency - Kenya"

1

Defeating Mau Mau, creating Kenya: Counterinsurgency, Civil War, and decolonization. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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2

Whittaker, Hannah. Insurgency and counterinsurgency in Kenya: A social history of the Shifta Conflict, c. 1963-1968. Brill, 2015.

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3

Fighting the Mau Mau: The British Army and counter-insurgency in the Kenya Emergency. Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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4

The counter-insurgency myth: The British experience of irregular warfare. Routledge, 2011.

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Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Kenya: A Social History of the Shifta Conflict, C. 1963-1968. BRILL, 2014.

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6

Mumford, Andrew. Counter-Insurgency Myth: The British Experience of Irregular Warfare. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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Mumford, Andrew. Counter-Insurgency Myth: The British Experience of Irregular Warfare. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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Mumford, Andrew. Counter-Insurgency Myth: The British Experience of Irregular Warfare. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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9

Mumford, Andrew. Counter-Insurgency Myth: The British Experience of Irregular Warfare. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.

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10

Mumford, Andrew. The Counter-Insurgency Myth. Routledge, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Counterinsurgency - Kenya"

1

"Government Responses to Conflict (1): Counterinsurgency." In Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Kenya. BRILL, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004283084_006.

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"Preliminary Material." In Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Kenya. BRILL, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004283084_001.

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"Introduction." In Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Kenya. BRILL, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004283084_002.

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"The Politics of NFD Secession, 1960–63." In Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Kenya. BRILL, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004283084_003.

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5

"The Shifta." In Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Kenya. BRILL, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004283084_004.

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"The Shifta Conflict, 1963–68." In Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Kenya. BRILL, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004283084_005.

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"Government Responses to Conflict (2): Villagization." In Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Kenya. BRILL, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004283084_007.

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"Aftermath." In Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Kenya. BRILL, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004283084_008.

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"Conclusion." In Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Kenya. BRILL, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004283084_009.

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10

"Sources." In Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Kenya. BRILL, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004283084_010.

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