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1
Manaresi, Angelo. "Franchise channel relationships : a cross-country comparison." Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319661.
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Boman, Viktor, and Örn André Netzén. "Okun’s law within the OECD : A cross-country comparison." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-140339.
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In the 60’s, the first article identifying the relationship between output growth and unemployment were released, with the purpose of providing a tool for US authorities to estimate the effect of labour policy on output. This article, presented by Arthur Okun, came to lay the foundation for the commonly known empirical relationship, named Okun’s law. However, since the 60’s, the world has gone through political and economic shocks, such as the oil crisis, fall of the berlin wall, the crisis of the 90’s, the financial crisis and crisis of 2008. These events open up the question: has the relationship changed? This study focuses on 21 OECD countries for the time period 1991-2016, with the purpose to identify their respective relationship between output growth and unemployment, namely their Okun coefficient. The test that will be performed calculates the marginal effects of respective country to observe differences. Further, this study aims to give the reader a greater understanding of the complexity underlying the simple model Okun presented in the 60’s. This is done by investigating whether there are any differences in the coefficient for countries within the EU, compared to those out of the EU. To explain the complexity further we check whether factors that affects labour market rigidity, such as union density, create differences in the Okun coefficient. The results from the study shows that the Okun coefficient differs between different countries. They also show that countries belonging to the European Union has a lower Okun’s coefficient on average. Finally, the results show that countries with a union density of over 75 % have a lower coefficient on average.
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Rabitsch, Katrin, Serhiy Stepanchuk, and Viktor Tsyrennikov. "International Portfolios: A Comparison of Solution Methods." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4068/1/wp159.pdf.
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We compare the performance of the perturbation-based (local) portfolio solution method of Devereux and Sutherland (2010a, 2011) with a global solution method. We find that the local method performs very well when the model is designed to capture stylized macroeconomic facts and countries/agents are symmetric, i.e. when the latter have similar size, face similar risks and trade assets with similar risk properties. It performs less satisfactory
when the agents engaged in financial trade are asymmetric. The global solution method performs substantially better when the model is parameterized to match the observed equity premium, a key stylized finance fact. (authors' abstract)<br>Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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McClymont, Sarah L. "A comparison of the bird communities of two high country lakes." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Zoology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6969.
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A study was undertaken to document and compare the aquatic bird communities of two high country lakes, Lake Pearson and Lake Grasmere, located in the Cass Basin, Waimakariri Valley, Canterbury.
The two lakes show differences in shoreline structure, riparian communities and humun use patterns. Lake Pearson is regularly used by people for recreation while Lake Grasmere is a Wildlife Refuge and recreation activities are restricted.
Data is gathered on bird abundance and feeding activity over the course of eleven months. The bird communities of these lakes showed differences in species composition and abundance within their community structure with Lake Pearson exhibiting greater species richness and Lake Grasmere greater abundance. These differences were the result of many interactions occurring between lake morphology and component aquatic and terrestrial vegetation, season and life cycle influences and human disturbances to the lakes. Species demonstrated different responses to these factors. Extensive aquatic macrophytes in Lake Grasmere attract large abundances of waterfowl, particularly Black Swans and Canada Geese. The latter species has the potential to significantly add to the nutrient loading of the lake. Species composition and abundance were also influenced by season, with some bird species migrating away from the lakes to escape the harsh winter or to travel to breeding grounds.
Lake Grasmere is important as a moulting site for waterfowl, particularly Paradise Shelduck and as a feeding habitat for the threatened species, crested Grebe. Lake Pearson is an important breeding habitat for Crested Grebe but experiences regular disturbance from human recreation.
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Anderson, Chelsea D. "Circumcision : a cross country comparison between the United States and Australia." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1058.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.<br>Bachelors<br>Sciences<br>Political Science
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Schulze-Marmeling, Sebastian. "Conflict at work and external dispute settlement : a cross-country comparison." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/conflict-at-work-and-external-dispute-settlement--a-crosscountry-comparison(f7b7c186-5541-418e-be6a-3bc3b6b311fa).html.
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The focus of both academic and public debate on the expression of work-related conflict has long been focused on strikes. Substantial declines in collective disputes have been associated with more harmonious and less conflict-laden employment relations. This research deals with another, often forgotten form in which conflict is manifested, namely the settlement of individual conflicts through labour courts or employment tribunals. Its aim is to explore and explain differences in application rates to national judicial bodies both across countries and over time. Using a novel database on 23 European Union Member States, it is found that a substantial degree of variance exists; claim rates across Europe differ substantially, and countries have developed along different lines. The explosion of court applications is found to be exceptional, and stability or volatility is identified in the large bulk of EU Member States. In order to explain cross-sectional and time differences, the research draws on wide range of literature, develops a new procedural concept of conflict, and proposes a comparative neo-institutionalist framework accounting for both institutions and actors. The theoretical discussion elaborates three sets of arguments to predict claim incidence. First, it is argued that the existence of comprehensive collective industrial relations institutions, particularly employee workplace representation and collective agreements, tend to reduce the frequency of labour court claims. Second, the amount and complexity of employment regulation is argued to have an impact on the incidence of court applications. Finally, cyclical economic conditions and individual characteristics of the potential grievant are expected to predict the phenomenon. Empirical evidence is presented from a range of different data sources, such as national administrative data and large-scale surveys for three country case studies on France, Germany and the United Kingdom. Findings support that all three sets of explanations contribute to the explanation of the incidence of labour court claims. Moreover, data seem to confirm the need for an interdisciplinary approach drawing on different bodies of literature.
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Rabitsch, Katrin, Serhiy Stepanchuk, and Viktor Tsyrennikov. "International Portfolios: A Comparison of Solution Methods." Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2015.08.001.
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We compare the performance of the perturbation-based (local) portfolio solution method
of Devereux and Sutherland (2010a, 2011) with a global solution method. As a test suite
we use model specifications that broadly capture features of international financial trade, between advanced economies, and between advanced and emerging economies. We consider both symmetric country setups and asymmetric setups, that capture important empirical facts such as differences in macroeconomic volatility, differences in portfolio composition, and high equity premia. We find that the local method performs well at business cycle frequencies, both in the symmetric and asymmetric settings, while significant differences arise at long horizons in asymmetric settings. (authors' abstract)
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Dowdles, Melissa. "NAFTA, a comparison of Canadian consumer and retail buyer product country images." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0027/MQ27035.pdf.
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Dowdles, Melissa (Melissa Megan) Carleton University Dissertation Management Studies. "NAFTA: A comparison of Canadian consumer and retail buyer product country images." Ottawa, 1997.
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Boyd, Ezra. "The Political Determinants of the Impact of Natural Disasters: A Cross-Country Comparison." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2003. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/41.
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While people all over the world are vulnerable to natural disasters, the available data clearly demonstrate a great deal of cross-country variance in the impact of catastrophic events. For example, while Hurricane Mitch took an estimated 13,000 lives when it struck Honduras and Nicaragua, the stronger Hurricane Andrew took only 26 lives when it impacted the United States. What factors explain this difference? Thus far, disaster researchers have emphasized economic and social vulnerability as determinants of disaster impact; the conventional wisdom accepts that poor and underdeveloped countries are more vulnerable than wealthy, developed countries. I argue that the political institutions of a country also matter and then examine the relative importance of political vulnerability as a determinant of disaster impact. I present evidence from case studies and large-N statistical analysis that demonstrates that, like social and economic vulnerability, political vulnerability is an important determinant of the impact of a natural disaster.
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Bonis, Marc. "A Comparison of Body Composition between Eumenorrheic and Amenorrheic Adolescent Cross-Country Runners." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2006. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/380.
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The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship and comparisons of athletic amenorrhea and bone mineral density in adolescent, cross-country runners. Subjects: Twenty-eight female adolescent cross-country runners (Mean Age + SD = 15.0 + 1.3 years); consisting of seventeen eumenorrheics & eleven amenorrheics. Design: The design consisted of a sixmonth longitudinal design in which the subjects were measured before and after cross-country season for height, weight, and lean tissue (LT), body fat (BF), bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD) using whole-body scan densitiometry with a Lunar Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometer (DXA). Run performance, weekly training volumes, menstrual dysfunction, menarchal age, nutritional information, and stress fractures were reported by the subjects. Statistical analyses consisted of Pearson product-moment and partial correlations to examine the associations of the variables, paired t-tests to measure seasonal body composition changes, multivariate analysis (MANOVA & MANCOVA) to investigate the subgroup differences of variables, and simple linear regression to determine the best body composition predictor variable for BMD. Results: The eumenorrheic subgroup's BMD was significantly greater than the amenorrheic subgroup's BMD (F(1, 54) = 16.22, p<.05, partial h² =.231). The eumenorrheic subgroup's bodyweight (F(1, 54) = 7.65, p<.05, partial h² =.124), BF (F(1, 54) = 8.56, p<.05, partial h² =.137), and BMC (F(1, 54) = 8.52, p<.05, partial h² =.136) were significantly greater than the amenorrheic subgroup. There was also a significant seasonal increase in BMD (t(27) = -4.01, p <.05) for the overall group. Bodyweight was the body composition component that best predicted BMD (F(1, 26) = 46.434, p<.05, R² =.641). There were no significant subgroup differences with respect to run performance, stress fractures, and nutritional supplementation. Conclusions: Athletic amenorrhea was highly associated with lower levels of BMD in adolescent, cross-country runners. Athletic amenorrhea was also highly associated with lower levels of bodyweight, BF, and BMC in adolescent cross-country runners. Finally, cross-country running was highly associated with increased BMD in adolescent athletes. Implications: The long-term implication of the study is that subjects with lower levels of BMD may be at a greater risk of osteoporosis. Recommendations: Educate and instruct runners to utilize proper training methods so the healthful benefits of crosscountry running, as well as improved performance, are obtained.
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Costa, Maria. "Study Abroad in a Developing and a Developed Country: A Comparison of American Undergraduate Students’ Experiences in Ghana and England." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1462.
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This qualitative study examined the differences among the experiences of 7 American undergraduate students; 4 who studied for a semester in Ghana, a developing country, and 3 who studied for a semester in England, a developed country. Using phenomenology as its guiding framework, transcribed interviews were analyzed and the focal phenomenon of the experience was sought. In addition, examination of the literature suggested that study abroad in less developed countries had the potential to impact the experience of students at a deeper level because of the potential for what Jean Piaget termed constructive disequilibrium (Blake & Pope, 2008, p. 61).
The data indicated that both student groups had significant experiences abroad but that each group's significant experiences were linked to the nature of their host country. In Ghana, 3 students discussed their sometimes shocking experience as a minority while 1 participant, a 1st generation African-American, discussed the confusing experience of identifying with the racial majority there, but only until she was identified as an American when she spoke.
In England, students were appalled to find the English people so openly expressing racism. They encountered people who were considered liberal by American standards and found they were identified in England as conservatives by English standards; a shock of sorts. The phenomenon encompassing all these experiences was of the students discovering they were part of a particular culture and starting to understand why they had certain values and attitudes.
Findings of this research merely scratch the surface of the issue at hand and other researchers are encouraged to replicate the study with a larger number of participants, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, and making sure that the shortcomings of this study in regards to validity are avoided.
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Linder, Robert Michael. "Is the Electoral Success of Governments Dependent on Economic Performance? A Cross-Country Comparison /." St. Gallen, 2008. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/04608329001/$FILE/04608329001.pdf.
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Siegenthaler, Scott J. "The academic achievement of cross-country and long-distance track runners a seasonal comparison /." Online version, 2001. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001siegenthalers.pdf.
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Chen, Ching-I. "Examining Psychometric Dimensions of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Inventory: A Cross-country Comparison between Taiwan and the United States." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13009.
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The Taiwanese early intervention/early childhood special education (EI/ECSE) system is modeled after the federal legislation and practices of the U.S., incorporating specific cultural beliefs in Taiwan. Nonetheless, in EI/ECSE assessments, several challenges are presented, including: (a) limited resources and funding, (b) lack of reliable and valid instruments, (c) lack of progress monitoring for at-risk children, (d) no (or limited) active role for caregivers as informants in the assessment administration process, and (e) lack of communication between parents and professionals.
The Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Inventory (ASQ: Inventory) is a dual-purpose tool that can be completed by early childhood practitioners and parents for developmental screening and progress monitoring. This instrument is considered a potential solution for the challenges in Taiwanese EI/ECSE assessments. Thus, the ASQ: Inventory was translated into Traditional Chinese following rigorous procedures. Its technical adequacy, cultural appropriateness, and utility were investigated in this study.
Results indicated that the Traditional Chinese ASQ: Inventory was an instrument with solid internal consistency and construct validity and that it was well accepted by parent and professional participants. The instrument was also able to document progress in children's skills measured in chronological age intervals. Additionally, items in each domain were dispersed across a wide range of difficulty levels. When comparing between the two language versions using item response theory modeling, most items demonstrated invariant response patterns between the English and Traditional Chinese ASQ: Inventory. At the sample level, Taiwanese children scored significantly higher than U.S. children in problem-solving and personal-social, whereas U.S. children scored significantly higher in fine motor at the ages of 36, 42, and 48 months.
The findings of this initial investigation suggested that the Traditional Chinese ASQ: Inventory should continue to be studied with the Taiwanese population. This instrument may help accelerate the referral and identification process in EI/ECSE and promote the concept of caregiver-completed assessments. By completing the questionnaire, caregivers may have increased awareness of child development and will be able to closely oversee a child's progress and focus on strengths in his/her learning profile. Future studies should focus on studying the technical adequacy of this instrument and exploring the development of a computerized ASQ: Inventory system.
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Voithofer, Edith Anna. "Does the country of origin matter for sustainable products? A comparison of European sporting goods producers." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-13813.
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Abstract Title: Does the Country of Origin Matter for Sustainable Products? A Comparison of European Sporting Goods Producers Level: Final assignment for Master Degree in Business Administration Author: Edith Anna Voithofer Supervisor: Jonas Kågström, Ph.D. Date: January 24, 2013 Aim of study: The brand name and its country of origin is information that is used from consumers to make purchase decisions. Although existing research discusses several country of origin – aspects from other industries, literature within the sporting goods industry is still spare. Environmental pollution is an important topic nowadays, and the sporting goods industry is trying to include more “green” aspects within their business strategy, or is already quite successful in doing so. To fill the research gap, this thesis focuses on sustainable producers with a very good sustainable reputation in order to analyze the importance of the country of origin effect within the sustainable outdoor industry. Methodology: For this paper a conclusive research design was taken, as it is more formal, and used to test specific relationships. The quantitative research included respondents from two sustainable outdoor brands (originally from Sweden and Germany) who answered an online survey. Basis for the selection process was the independent bluesign® standard, a strong and global sustainability standard. The survey included five constructs to quantify the dimensions of brand equity and overall brand equity. Results: Both respondent groups are similar regarding their demographic data characteristics and their opinion when it comes to the quality of outdoor goods and its brand association. In particular, they seem to feel strongly connected towards the brands; they were proud and very loyal. Nevertheless, differences were identified. Sustainable products seem to be valued higher from Swedish respondents, whereas loyalty seems to be more important for German participants. Contribution of the study: Although existing research discusses several country of origin related aspects from other industries, relevant literature within the sporting goods industry, and here specifically the sustainable outdoor industry is still sparse. These topics are covered in this study. Keywords: Country of origin, Sustainability, Sporting Goods Industry, Outdoor Industry
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Hackenberg, F. "A cross-country comparison of central banking : implications for the European system of central banks." Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637193.
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The Treaty of Maastricht envisages a European System of Central Banks with the European Central Bank (ECB) as its centre-piece, designed to be independent and pursuing the primary objective of price stability. This study is concerned with the independence of central banks and its related issues. A focus is put on the question of whether the degree of central bank independence determines a country's inflation performance. Furthermore, the definition, determination, and measurement of central bank independence are developed. The results of an international survey made it possible to identify criteria which, in the eyes of the responding central bankers, are crucial in determining central bank independence. Moreover, it was possible to construct a new weighting system, based on various indices of which one is called the central bank independence index (CBI), which reacts more sensitively to a change in a central bank act than other indices. Therefore it is possible to determine independence more precisely than previous methods. Analysing this new "weighting approach" it was found that there is a negative correlation between central bank de jure independence and a nation's inflation level and, when comparing the CBI to existing indices, the former performs better in explaining a country's rate of inflation. Applying these findings to the future ECB the conclusion reached is that the ECB will have a high degree of de jure central bank independence, compared to those central banks in the study, thus it will help in achieving a low-level inflation within the European Union. Nevertheless, there is also an indication that, although granting legal independence to the ECB, the Treaty of Maastricht provides various articles, which might undermine the Bank's de jure independence.
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Hunt, Katherine <1985>. "Determining the effect of regulation on Microfinance Institutions Financial Self-Sustainability. A Cross-Country Comparison." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6747/.
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Microfinance is an initiative which seeks to address financial inclusion, micro-entrepreneurship, and poverty reduction without over burdening governments. However, the current sector of microfinance is still heavily dependent on the good will of donors. The over-reliance on donations is a feature which threatens the long term sustainability of microfinance. Much has been written about this reliance, but research to date hasn’t empirically examined the effect of regulation as a mediator. This is a critical area of study because regulation directly affects Microfinance Institutions’ (MFI) innovation, and innovation is what shapes the future of microfinance. This thesis considers the role that regulation plays in affecting MFI’s and their ability to innovate in products, services and long-term sustainability via access to capital. Interviews were undertaken with stakeholders in MFI’s, NGO’s, Self-Regulating Bodies, and Regulators in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. This thesis discusses findings from interviews in relation to regulatory measures regarding financial self-sustainability of MFI’s. The conclusions of this thesis have implications for policy and inform the microfinance literature.
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Bourk, Margaret P. (Margaret Pearl) Carleton University Dissertation Management Studies. "A comparison of English and French Canadian ethnicity effects on country-of-origin product evaluation." Ottawa, 1992.
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Badibanga, Junior A. "Cultural Values and Creativity: A Two Country Comparison Between the United States and South Africa." UNF Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/429.
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Research on the influence of culture on creativity is in its infancy. Organizations world-wide may benefit from such research by implementing work environments that maximize creativity. In this article, the cross-cultural differences in creativity and the cultural values of cognitive uncertainty and desire for change were investigated. Three hundred eighty three undergraduate students from the University of North Florida and the University of Pretoria in South Africa participated in a study where creativity was measured using the Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults (ATTA; Goff & Torrance, 2002) and the Creative Achievement Questionnaire (CAQ), particularly the portion of the CAQ identifying domain specific achievements (CAQ; Carson, Peterson, & Higgins, 2005). In addition to measuring creativity levels in both cultures, two cultural values, Cognitive Uncertainty and Desire for Change, were measured. Results indicate a significant positive correlation between Desire for Change and the CAQ in the United States and a significant negative correlation between Cognitive Uncertainty and the CAQ in South Africa. Independent samples t-tests were also conducted, resulting in higher scores from the United States sample on the ATTA and higher scores from the South African sample on Cognitive Uncertainty. It is argued that the results could have implications for developing work environments that foster creativity.
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Flachsland, Christian Erich Oskar. "Does CSR create firm value? : A Comparison of moderating effects of country and industry characteristics." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-316495.
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This study aims to demonstrate how different country and industry-level variables affect the value-creating abilities of CSR initiatives. It contributes to the growing body of literature about CSR as it directly compares the moderating effects of the quality of country-level institutions with the moderating effects of the respective industry sector. The study amongst 3,670 firms in a sample period from 2006-2014 shows that CSR initiatives have a superior value-creating ability in environments with weak capital markets and country governance standards. Firms in controversial industry sectors have a superior ability to create value through CSR because they display a higher potential for reputational gains through CSR due to the nature of their business. The results of the study suggest a supremacy of country-level determinants over industry-level determinants of the CSR-firm value relationship.
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Hammer, Bernhard, Alexia Prskawetz, and Inga Freund. "Production activities and economic dependency by age and gender in Europe: A cross-country comparison." Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeoa.2014.09.007.
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We compare selected European countries using an economic dependency ratio which emphasizes the
role of age-specific levels of production and consumption. Our analysis reveals large differences in the
age- and gender-specific level and type of production activities across selected European countries and
identifies possible strategies to adjust age-specific economic behaviour to an ageing population. The
cross-country differences in economic dependency of children and elderly persons are largely determined
by the age at which people enter, respectively exit, the labour market. The ability of the working age population
to support children and elderly persons in turn is strongly influenced by the participation of
women in paid work. We also provide a measure for the age-specific production and consumption in
form of unpaid household work. The inclusion of unpaid household work leads to a decrease of the gender
differences in production activities and indicates that the working age population supports children
and elderly persons not only through monetary transfers but also through services produced by unpaid
work (e.g. childcare, cooking, cleaning. . .). Given the available data, we cannot distinguish the age profile
of consumption by gender and have to assume - in case of unpaid work - that each member of the household
consumes the same. Hence, our results have to be regarded as a first approximation only. Our paper
aims to argue that a reform of the welfare system needs to take into account not only public transfers but
also private transfers, in particular the transfers in form of goods and services produced through unpaid
household work.
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IJmker, Sander. "Shareholder reaction to corporate eco-harmful behaviour: a cross-country comparison between Germany and China." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-277361.
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In this study, the difference between shareholder reactions to eco-harmful behaviour by firms in China and Germany are being researched. Previous research has focused on shareholder reaction in developed countries, especially the US. What remains unknown is whether shareholders in developing countries have adopted the same norms concerning the environment as shareholders in developed countries. Institutional theory, legitimacy theory and desensitization theory are examined in this study. An event study was conducted with an [-1,1] and [-1,3] event window surrounding the announcement of eco-harmful behaviour by firms. Events were drawn from relevant news articles and environmental databases. In total 43 events have been discovered over the years 2007 to 2015. Overall, results indicate that the decrease in share prices is not significantly different from zero. However, when comparing China and Germany, evidence is found that Chinese firms are punished more severely than German firms when corporations harm the environment. Contrary to expectations, it can be concluded that the institutionalization of environmental norms has taken place in China, either through internal or global pressures.
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Gunkel, Marjaana. "Country compatible incentive design : a comparison of employees' performance reward preferences in Germany and the USA /." Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015618335&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Pott-Buter, Hettie A. "Facts and fairy tales about female labor, family and fertility : a seven-country comparison, 1850-1990 /." Amsterdam : Amsterdam university press, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35829497b.
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Skirbekk, Vegard, Valeria Bordone, and Daniela Weber. "A cross-country comparison of math achievement at teen age and cognitive performance 40 years later." Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5851/1/31%2D4.pdf.
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BACKGROUND
Maintaining cognitive functioning through mid- to late-life is relevant for the individual and societal aim of active ageing. Evidence shows considerable stability in individual-level rank-ordering of cognitive functioning, but little attention has been given to cohort performance over the life cycle and macro-level factors that could affect it.
OBJECTIVE
The main goal of this paper is to address cross-national variation in mental performance from younger to older ages.
METHODS
Using a quasi-longitudinal approach, we compare the relative country ranking in standardised mathematical test scores of young teenagers in 1964 from the First International Mathematics Study (FIMS) and cognitive test performance at mid-life in 2004, based on the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe(SHARE) for the cohort born between 1949 and 1952.
RESULTS
Our results show that those countries which had the highest scores in math tests taken by 13-year-old-grade-level students are not the same countries that, 40 years later, have the top performing scores in cognitive tests among mid-age adults.
CONCLUSIONS
This article highlights the importance of considering country-level influences on cognitive change over the life cycle, in addition to individual characteristics, and
provides some descriptive findings that could be incorporated with further research on the link between specific contextual factors and cognitive functioning.
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Demirel, yekbun, and Piyumi Gangabada. "Social media reviews effect on consumers purchases intention & actual buying behavior in the beauty industry : -A cross-country comparison." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54477.
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Research Question: To what extent do social media reviews’ effect on the purchase intention and actual buying behaviour of consumers differ in the beauty industry in a cross-country comparison? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore to what extent consumers in the beauty industry perceive the importance of social media reviews and if it has direct or indirect effect on either their purchase intentions or buying behaviors or if not on both. The aim is then to contribute to limited research available and to see if this connection differs with the country particularly between Sweden and Sri Lanka. Methodology: A descriptive qualitative research strategy was approached conducting semi-structured interviews with a total of fourteen participants both from Sweden and Sri Lanka. Open-ended questions were asked and thematic analysis was used when analyzing the collected primary data. Conclusion: Respondents from Sweden were more engaged with social media reviews and their purchase decisions were based mostly on social media reviews. Sri Lankan respondents were interested in negative reviews while Swedish respondents were highly affected and motivated by positive reviews. Even if young consumers in Sri Lanka were motivated to purchase beauty products because of social media reviews, almost all of the Sri Lankan respondents’ purchase decisions were highly impacted by family and friends compared to effects of social media reviews.
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Croak, Kelsey Lynn. "A Comparison of Functional Movement Screen and Star Excursion Balance Test Performance Between Male and Female Cross Country Runners." University of Toledo Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=uthonors1366894249.
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Derwort, Pim. "Analysis of Energy Transition Pathways in the Residential Sector of the Built Environment : A sectoral country comparison." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-254935.
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An energy transition is currently taking place in many European countries. Existing studies comparing countries’ energy transition pathways are limited in scope and lack a strong theoretical foundation. This thesis addresses the lack of theoretical framework-based approaches by applying a sectoral analysis framework, identifying the main factors facilitating or hindering the sustainable energy transition in several countries, and the significant differences between them.The research focused on four countries; the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany and the United Kingdom and was limited to the residential sector of the built environment. It included the three dominant housing types: social rental; private rental; and homeownership. Data was clustered along the four dimensions of the sectoral analysis framework, identifying: (1) actors, interactions & networks; (2) the institutional or legal framework; (3) the technological framework; and (4) market demand. The same process was repeated for each of the countries, forming a detailed overview about their chosen energy transition pathways. A number of interviews were conducted to gain further insight into country-specific factors.With respect to actors, interactions and networks, this study has found that strong ties and cooperation between ministries and departments is an important factor facilitating policy success, with departmental fragmentation or competition posing a significant barrier. In terms of the institutional framework policy stability, clear targets and long-term policy framework are all factors for policy success. Conversely, frequent changes to existing policies, non-binding goals and the absence of a long-term framework are all seen as barriers for a sustainable energy transition. Looking at the technological regime, this study found countries with active support for renewable energy technologies have a higher share of renewable energy than countries where the choice of technologies is largely market-based. Past technological choices and existing energy-infrastructure were found to influence transition pathways and can be both a positive or negative factor. Lastly, with respect to market demand, the existence of a standardised housing stock was found to be a potentially significant factor for the upscaling of innovative initiatives. The existence of a large and fragmented (private) rental sector and high interest rates on financing products were found to be further barriers for the energy transition in the residential sector.This thesis has identified obstacles matching those in previous studies and introduced a number of factors facilitating policy success. It has made a first step in overcoming the lack in theoretical framework-based approaches in energy transition analysis future studies can build on.
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Leung, Lai-chun Fiona, and 梁麗珍. "Information technology implementation in small and medium-sized enterprises: a cross-country comparison ofHong Kong and Singapore." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31268122.
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Hanifan, Olivia, and Laura Kirchhausen. "Gender Role Stereotypes in Toy Commercials : A Two-Country Comparison Based on the Level of Gender Equality." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-39559.
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A sample of 383 toy commercials aired on Nickelodeon Sverige were coded over the duration of two weeks concerning the type of toy, gender portrayal, number of children of both gender, the dominant kind of interaction, the dominant kind of setting and gender orientation. The results were then compared with findings from a previous study conducted in the United States that used the same method to determine a possible relationship between the way the commercials were designed and the two countries' levels of gender equality. In Sweden, the much more gender equal country according to Hofstede's dimension of masculinity/femininity, most commercials featured children of both gender and stereotype usage way more rare than in the United States where also most commercials only showed solely girls or solely boys. Judging from these findings a relationship could therefore be found.
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Yang, Kun. "The Survival and Stock Performance of Emerging Country Firms in the United States." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/928.
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Many firms from emerging markets flocked to developed countries at high cost with hopes of acquiring strategic assets that are difficult to obtain in home countries. Adequate research has focused on the motivations and strategies of emerging country firms' (ECFs') internationalization, while limited studies have explored their survival in advanced economies years after their venturing abroad. Due to the imprinting effect of home country institutions that inhibit their development outside their home market, ECFs are inclined to hire executives with international background and affiliate to world-wide organizations for the purpose of linking up with the global market, embracing multiple perspectives for strategic decisions, and absorbing the knowledge of foreign markets. However, the effects of such orientation on survival are under limited exploration.
Motivated by the discussion above, I explore ECFs’ survival and stock performance in a developed country (U.S.). Applying population ecology, signaling theory and institutional theory, the dissertation investigates the characteristics of ECFs that survived in the developed country (U.S.), tests the impacts of global orientation on their survival, and examines how global-oriented activities (i.e. joining United Nations Global Compact) affect their stock performance. The dissertation is structured in the form of three empirical essays. The first essay explores and compares different characteristics of ECFs and developed country firms (DCFs) that managed to survive in the U.S. The second essay proposes the concept of global orientation, and tests its influences on ECFs’ survival. Employing signaling theory and institutional theory, the third essay investigates stock market reactions to announcements of United Nation Global Compact (UNGC) participation.
The dissertation serves to explore the survival of ECFs in the developed country (U.S.) by comparison with DCFs, enriching traditional theories by testing non-traditional arguments in the context of ECFs’ foreign operation, and better informing practitioners operating ECFs about ways of surviving in developed countries and improving stockholders’ confidence in their future growth.
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Banerjee, Amlan. "Understanding activity engagement and time use patterns in a developing country context." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001729.
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Petrovski, Viktor, and Yinjie Shi. "A Cross-Country Case Study : Comparison of the Internationalization Processes Between Swedish and Chinese Small and Medium Enterprises." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2500.
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<p>Due to the globalization trend, the internationalization of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has become a common practice in the last decades. The previous literature suggested that there are many different determinants of the internationalization process. However, in this research study, we focused on only three determinants – institutions, networks, and entrepreneur and their influence on the internationalization process. More specifically, we identified the significance of the three determinants and tested their influence on the internationalization process and compared the similarities and differences between the SMEs in Sweden and China. </p><p>A qualitative study was carried out to help determine the purpose of the paper, where data was collected through four case studies – two from each country, within the toy industry. The primary data was collected through personal phone-interviews with the CEOs of the four toy companies, complemented with secondary data collected from the companies’ web sites. </p><p>The empirical findings and analysis brought some interesting conclusions. The three determinants – institutions, networks and entrepreneur influence the internationalization process in one way or another. Firstly, institutions influence both networks and entrepreneur, but there is no evidence showing that networks and entrepreneur influence institutions. The institutions are also the key determinants of the internationalization process of Chinese SMEs. Secondly, networks and entrepreneur are interrelated to each other and play a key role in the internationalization process of Swedish SMEs, and somewhat influence the Chinese SMEs as well. </p><p>Thus, these three determinants are extremely important for the internationalization process and they have to be taken into consideration during the international expansion.</p>
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Leung, Lai-chun Fiona. "Information technology implementation in small and medium-sized enterprises : a cross-country comparison of Hong Kong and Singapore /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18831576.
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Yildirim, Emek. "Poverty And Corruption In Post-soviet Russia: A Comparison Of Yeltsin And Putin Eras." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608586/index.pdf.
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This thesis investigates the two major problems of poverty and corruption in post-Soviet Russia, by comparing Boris Yeltsin&rsquo<br>s and Vladimir Putin&rsquo<br>s terms of office. In order to do that, political and economic circumstances during these two presidents&rsquo<br>eras, the reasons of these two problems, and the consequences of certain policies adapted by these two presidents are focused on. The main argument of the thesis is to analyze interactively the certain conditions of poverty and corruption in the Russian Federation under the presidencies of both Yeltsin and Putin.
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Van, Asten Patricia. "An analysis of educational opportunities in Hong Kong's country parks in comparison with urban reserves in other developed economies." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42577536.
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Gren, Sofia, and Linnea Sörman. "Interpretations of concepts and implementation of negative emissions technologies (NETs) in long-term climate targets : A cross country comparison." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176108.
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Countries' long-term climate targets are described by different concepts who, over time, have become increasingly dependent on negative emissions technologies (NETs) in order for the targets to be reached. This thesis is a cross country comparison, examining similarities and differences in the concepts used by seven countries to express their long-term climate targets, focusing on their plans for implementing NETs. The empirical material was collected from interviews with experts from each country. Concepts in long-term climate targets can have various interpretations and there are uncertainties about what emissions that are covered within the different concepts. NETs are crucial for achieving any type of net-zero target however they are in nascent stages, except for forest management, and there are several factors affecting the possibilities to implement NETs. It is important not to focus too much on NETs to comply with the long-term climate targets, NETs should function as a complement to emissions reduction and target the unavoidable emissions. We recommend that countries clarify what emissions are included within their concept, set out specific targets for NETs and lastly put a great effort into clarifying policy instruments related to NETs.<br>Ländernas långsiktiga klimatmål beskrivs av olika begrepp som är beroende av negativa utsläppstekniker för att målen ska nås. Denna avhandling är en jämförelse mellan sju länder där ländernas likheter och skillnader undersöks genom deras val av begrepp och även deras planer för att implementera tekniker för att nå negativa utsläpp. Det empiriska materialet samlades in från intervjuer med experter från varje land. Begrepp i de långsiktiga klimatmålen kan ha olika tolkningar och det råder osäkerhet om vilka utsläpp som täcks upp inom de olika begreppen. Negativa utsläppstekniker är avgörande för att uppnå alla typer av netto-nollmål men de befinner sig i väldigt tidiga faser av utveckling, förutom skog som redan finns på plats och det finns flera faktorer som påverkar möjligheterna att implementera negativa utsläppstekniker. Det är viktigt att inte fokusera för mycket på negativa utsläppstekniker för att uppfylla de långsiktiga klimatmålen, de bör fungera som ett komplement till utsläppsminskning och rikta in sig på de oundvikliga utsläppen. Vi rekommenderar att länder klargör vilka utsläpp som ingår i begreppen, fastställer specifika mål för negativa utsläppstekniker och slutligen satsar mycket på att klargöra policyinstrument relaterade till negativa utsläppstekniker.
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Popova, Nataliya Dimitrova. "Fuel and biofuel sectors in Brazil - comparison with developed economies and analysis of hypothetical free fuel pricing policy." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-29092017-160029/.
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The recent trends in the international crude oil price have brought back the interest of researchers to the importance of the practiced by the government fuel pricing policy for the domestic economy, especially in the developing world. Brazil constitutes a particularly interesting case when it comes to the government participation in the domestic fuel sectors. The state-owned oil company Petrobras acts as a price-setter for all petroleum derivatives sold in the country. This policy, however, has had severe negative consequences for the Brazilian fuel sector and especially for the domestic ethanol industry. Thus, the main goal of this study is to provide a basis for the development of a reformed pricing policy, which is more suitable for the needs of the country and does not have severe negative impact on the domestic economy. For this purpose, this work is divided into three chapters that interrelate and contribute for the achieving of the objective. The first chapter focuses on a comparative analysis of the dynamic correlation between the domestic fuel prices and international crude oil in Brazil, Germany and the United States. The results of the performed MGARCH-DCC estimation for the three countries provide empirical evidence for the differences existing between the pass-through of volatility from international oil markets to the domestic economy. The artificially established by the government ex-refinery prices of petroleum derivatives in Brazil led to lower correlation in comparison to Germany and the U.S. - two countries where the government does not intervene in the formation of the prices of petroleum derivatives. The used combination of free fuel prices and flexible fiscal policy, as the case of Germany, can induce competitiveness in the domestic fuel sector and at the same time keep domestic prices stable - an example that should be considered by policy makers in Brazil. The second chapter goes one step further by including the biofuel sectors in the analysis in order to verify if there exist differences in the biofuel-related price transmission mechanisms in the three countries of interest. The obtained results of the performed cointegration tests and estimation of VECM show that while in Brazil and in the U.S. the ethanol sectors are characterized by a stable relationship between the examined price series, in Germany such a strong and permanent link is not observed - a result that can be attributed to the changes in the policy regarding biofuels in the country, as well as to the specific characteristics of its biofuel-related sectors. The third chapter of the study gives a continuation to the analysis by focusing on the situation in Brazil and the hypothetical effects of a free fuel pricing policy. A simulated free gasoline price for the period between 2007 and 2016 is constructed and the hypothetical responses of the ethanol sector are calculated, using the obtained by the estimation of a structural VEC model demand elasticities. The results show that such a change in the policy would have led to higher ethanol prices in the state of São Paulo, making it more profitable for sugarcane producers to engage in the production of biofuel instead of sugar, which would have been beneficial for the sector, especially after 2011 when it entered a severe crisis. The final conclusion of this work is that there is a need for reformulating the practiced fuel pricing policy in Brazil in order to help ethanol regain its previous competitiveness as a substitute for conventional fossil fuels and to reestablish itself in the country\'s energy matrix.<br>As recentes tendências do preço internacional do petróleo renovaram o interesse dos pesquisadores na importância da política de formação de preços de combustíveis praticada pelo governo para a economia doméstica, especialmente em países em desenvolvimento. O Brasil constitui um caso particularmente interessante no contexto de intervenção do governo em setores domésticos de combustíveis: A empresa petrolífera estatal Petrobras atua como price-setter para todos os derivados de petróleo comercializados no país. Essa política, no entanto, trouxe graves conseqüências negativas para o setor brasileiro de combustíveis - e especialmente para a indústria nacional de etanol. Nesse contexto, o principal objetivo deste estudo foi fornecer uma base para o desenvolvimento de uma política de preços reformada, que seja mais adequada às necessidades do país e não tenha um impacto tão negativo para a economia doméstica. Para tanto, a presente pesquisa foi dividida em três capítulos distintos. O primeiro capítulo aborda uma análise comparativa da correlação dinâmica entre os preços domésticos dos combustíveis e o preço internacional do petróleo para o Brasil, a Alemanha e os Estados Unidos. Os resultados da estimativa de um modelo MGARCH-DCC realizada para os três países fornecem evidências empíricas das diferenças existentes entre o pass-through da volatilidade do mercado internacional de petróleo para a economia doméstica. O estabelecimento artificial dos preços de refinaria pelo governo brasileiro levou a uma correlação menor em comparação à Alemanha e aos EUA - dois países onde o governo não intervém nos preços dos combustíveis. Uma combinação de política de preço dos derivados do petróleo livre e uma política fiscal flexível como na Alemanhã poderia trazer competitividade para o setor doméstico de combustíveis e ao mesmo tempo garantir um preço estável ao consumidor - um exemplo que deve ser considerado pelo governo brasileiro. O segundo capítulo vai um passo além, incluindo os setores de biocombustíveis na análise, a fim de verificar se existem diferenças nos mecanismos de transmissão de preços relacionados aos biocombustíveis nos três países estudados. Os resultados obtidos nos testes de cointegração e na estimativa de um modelo VEC mostram que, enquanto no Brasil e nos EUA os setores de etanol se caracterizam por uma relação estável entre as séries de preços examinadas, na Alemanha não se observa um vínculo tão forte e permanente - um resultado que pode ser atribuído às mudanças na política de biocombustíveis no país, bem como às características específicas de seus setores de biocombustíveis. O terceiro capítulo do estudo dá continuidade à análise, focando na situação do Brasil e nos efeitos hipotéticos de uma política de preços livres dos combustíveis. Uma simulação de preço livre para a gasolina no período entre 2007 e 2016 foi construído e as respostas hipotéticas do setor de etanol foram calculadas, usando as elasticidades da demanda obtidas pela estimação de um modelo VEC estrutural. Os resultados mostram que uma política mais liberal teria levado ao aumento no preço do etanol no estado de São Paulo, tornando a produção de etanol mais lucrativa do que o açúcar para os produtores de cana, o que teria sido benéfico para o setor - especialmente depois de 2011, quando ele entrou em uma grave crise. A conclusão final deste trabalho é de que se faz necessária uma reformulação da política de formação de preços praticada no Brasil, a fim de ajudar o etanol a recuperar sua competitividade como substituto a combustíveis fósseis e a se restabelecer na matriz energética do país.
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Paproski, Darren Melvin. "Purchasing intentions and behaviour in China : a comparison of Chinese consumers in key cities - Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chongqing." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/7626.
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This research is a study of purchasing intentions and behaviors in China. Consumers from four key cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, and Guangzhou were studied and differences in intentions and behavior as well as influences on behavior were analyzed. The results of the study provide greater depth to understanding consumer behavior in China and insight into likely responses to marketing strategies. Interviews with Chinese marketing experts were conducted and surveys were administered to samples of the target populations. Interviews assisted in understanding many of the general stereotypes held with respect to various ethnicities and helped with explaining some of the reasons for differences found. The study’s results are categorized into five areas. First, with respect to general purchasing intentions the study found that Chinese consumers from key cities differ significantly with respect to most of the purchasing intentions measured including inclination to try to new products, brand loyalty, use of discount cards, and willingness to purchase substitute brands. Based on five measures of conservatism, Beijing and Shanghai consumers were found to exhibit more conservative consumption behaviors than Chongqing and Guangzhou consumers. Chongqing and Guangzhou consumers are more likely than consumers in Shanghai and Beijing to wait for a friend's recommendation before buying a new brand. Second, with respect to brand choices, the study found that Beijing consumers tend to be more ethnocentric in their purchasing behavior in comparison to consumers from other key cities. The study also found a moderate association between ethnicity and brand purchase repertoire in most product categories. Third, with respect to reasons for purchases, the study found that generally there was only limited association between ethnicity and the reason for selecting brands. Consumers most often cited quality as the main reason for purchase. Fourth, with respect to actual brand purchase frequencies, the study found that Beijing consumers made more frequent purchases more often than other consumers in half of the categories studied. Chongqing consumers tend to purchase favorite brands less frequently than consumers from other key cities. Fifth, with respect to knowledge of country of origin and country of manufacture and their influences on intentions, the study found that for most product categories (nine of twelve studied) country of origin was an important consideration in the purchase decision. In general, many Chinese consumers are misinformed about brands’ country of origin. The research provides insight into important purchase cues and moderators impacting brand choice behavior.
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Viljoen, Marisa. "Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder in Context: a comparison of family perceptions in a high income and low/middle-income country." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29231.
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Background
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects individuals from all continents, cultures and socio-economic backgrounds. It presents differently in different individuals and functional outcomes can be highly variable dueto the heterogenous nature of ASD. The context or environment in which individuals live interacts with the core characteristics of ASD to determine functional ability or disability. For this reason the World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) includes environmental factors when measuring and describing functioning. ICF core sets for ASD were recently developed, and included a qualitative study with perspectives from five highly divergent countries (Canada, Sweden, India, Saudi Arabia and South Africa). It is, however, not known whether functional themes in these diverse environments were similar or different. We hypothesized that environmental factors would predominate in low-resource settings where they would be perceived as barriers to functioning.
Objectives
The purpose of this study was therefore to examine the association between context and functional ability/disability in children with ASD. We aimed firstly, to understand the global landscape of parental perceptions of functioningin their children with ASD. Secondly, we set out to compare and contrast parental perceptions of functioning in two of the most divergent countries that participated in the ICF core set development study. We were interested in the frequency of functional items reported by parents/caregivers from a high- income country and a low/middle income country. We were also interested in the content of the functional items reported by parents/caregivers in these two countries. We selected Sweden as example of a high-income country (HIC), and South Africa, as example of a low/middle-income country (LMIC).
Methods
To meet the first aim, we performed a scoping review. Two researchers conducted a comprehensive search of peer reviewed studies published between 1990 and June 2016. Full-text of all included articles were accessed and summarized using thematic analysis. Key findings relating to the scoping review question were linked to ICF-CY first or second-level categories. To meet the second aim, we performed secondary analysis of qualitative data from the ICF ASD core set study. Using frequency and content analysis we compared South African (n=22) and Swedish (n=13) participants. The identified ICF-CY categories were ranked and compared for similarities and dissimilarities in frequency of reporting and analyzed for similarities and dissimilarities in the content of themes.
Results
Thirty three studies were included in the scoping review, and most were conducted in HIC (n = 25/33, 76%) with only six studies in LMIC (n = 6/33, 18%). Two studies compared perspectives from LMIC and HIC (n = 2/33, 6%). Functional themes from HIC included a range across the ICF bio- psychosocial framework with body functions, activities & participation, environmental factors and personal factors all represented. Functional themes from LMIC were predominantly focused on environmental and personal factors. We did, however, acknowledge that different methodologies may have biased findings in HIC versus LMIC. Secondary analysis of the ICF ASD Core set qualitative study therefore used data collected in identical manner in South Africa and Sweden. Complete frequency agreement was seen in 4 ICF categories in thetwo countries - three activities & participation categories (carrying out daily routines, dressing, complex interpersonal interactions), and one environmental factor (immediate family). Obvious differences in frequency of reporting were observed in one environmental factors category (health professionals), six body functions categories (e.g. involuntary movement functions, gait patterns, basic cognitive functions, and mental functions of language), and three activities & participation categories (managing one’s own behaviour, speaking, and undertaking a single task). Only three ICF categories (immediate family, attention functions, products and technology for personal use in daily living) differed in content between South Africa and Sweden. Two additional categories were identified namely health professionals and sensory processing.
Conclusions
Contrary to our hypotheses few differences in parent/caregiver perspectives about environmental factors relevant to functioning in ASD emerged. Perceptions more frequently differed regarding body functions andactivities & participation. The content of perceptions were, with a few exceptions, similar. Our results suggest that the interaction between context and functioning is more complex than we predicted and highlights the importance of subjective perception of contextual factors in relation to functional ability/disability. Given the universality of findings, our results therefore support the global usefulness of the recently developed ICF core sets for ASD. We recommend that more comparative studies on ASD and functioning should be conducted, and that similar comparisons in other disorders where core sets have been developed, such as ADHD, may also be of value.
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Giunti, Giulia. "The impact of increased standard flexibility on disclosure practices : a comparison of the introduction of IFRS 8 in the UK, Germany, France and Italy and its impact on companies' segment disclosures." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-110694.
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Following a series of reporting scandals in the early 2000s, several researchers studied the gradual shift toward more principles-based accounting systems. There seems to be a general belief that the adoption of international principles-based accounting standards will improve financial reporting quality worldwide, although little evidence is provided for this claim. At the same time several studies claim that heterogeneity in countries’ environmental factors will not lead to harmonized accounting practices and that important differences will remain even though there is common international accounting system. This study contributes to the literature regarding a shift toward more principles-based standards by investigating the effect of increased requirements’ flexibility on disclosure practices in an international environment characterized by harmonized accounting regulations but heterogeneous disclosure practices. The standards that are used are IFRS 8 Operating segment and its predecessor IAS 14R Segment Reporting. IFRS 8 took effect from January 1 2009. The countries included in the study represent the four largest economies in Europe, namely the UK, Germany, France and Italy. The methodology used is quantitative and follows a positivistic research approach. This study investigates the impact that a regulatory change has on disclosure practices by observing data reported in the annual reports and asserts the eventual differences between the two standards and across the four countries. The study provides evidence of only a marginal change in segment disclosure practices after the introduction of IFRS 8. The change is mostly characterized by a loss of key information indicating that more flexible requirements negatively impact accounting practices. This implies that if the purpose of a regulatory change is to assure a certain level of information, more rigid requirements are to be preferred. Further, this study shows that, opposed to expectations; disclosure practices are more heterogeneous under more rules-based standards. However, there is indication that the reason for increased homogeneity is that companies listed in the UK and Germany, presenting a higher amount of segment information under IAS 14R, have decreased the information under IFRS 8. It seems thus that standard enforceability decreases under more flexible disclosure requirements.
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Sung, Wing-yiu Raymond, and 宋榮耀. "A comparative study of the influence of country of origin on consumer attitudes: a comparison between Guangzhou,Shenzhen and Hong Kong students." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31263616.
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Sung, Wing-yiu Raymond. "A comparative study of the influence of country of origin on consumer attitudes : a comparison between Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hong Kong students /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12324851.
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Tseng, Jui-Chen, and 曾瑞珍. "P2P Monitoring: A Cross-Country Comparison." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56973753764185866481.
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碩士<br>國立暨南國際大學<br>管理學院經營管理碩士學位學程碩士在職專班<br>104<br>Zopa, the world’s first-established peer-to-peer lending service in UK in 2005, has been taking a lead of modern global financial markets which operates online lending-and-borrowing among individuals.P2P net loan has been best-developed in both UK and USA while China is regarded as a P2P loan business with the greatest potential to grow. The purpose of this thesis is specifically to study risks of P2P lending systems and the future trends of the market outlook in UK and USA respectively, and it also aims to investigate China P2P platform, features and its current operational systems to further propose better management. Furthermore, the study aims to provide effective suggestions for China net loan sectors by analyzing and comparing with the risk control modes of P2P platforms based on Fintech big data among individual cases in Chia, UK and USA. The result suggests China, with effective and complete management systems, is expected to be home to the largest P2P online landing market beyond UK and USA in the future.
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Chen, Wen-Wen, and 陳玟彣. "Dynamic capital structure: A multi-country comparison." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/845fjh.
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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>科技管理研究所<br>103<br>In this study we investigate the determinants of capital structure in 1,491 firms from 1998 to 2007, in a data set with 10,709 observations. We use dynamic panel data from ASEAN-4 which are regarded as emerging countries, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand. Our results confirm that size has a significantly negative relationship with the leverage in Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and a significantly positive relationship in Indonesia. Profitability has a significantly negative relationship with the leverage in Indonesia and Malaysia and a significantly positive relationship in the Philippines. The most appropriate theory to explain size and profitability is the pecking order theory. Tangibility has significant relationship with the leverage which is positive in Malaysia and negative in the Philippines and does not lean on a specific theory. However, non-debt tax shields has no significant relationship in all countries and are considered as the less suitable factor in our study. We conclude that the size is the most important determinants of capital structure according to our result.
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"A cross-country comparison of spinoffs and mergers." 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892492.
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Lau Po Shan.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-63).<br>Abstracts in English and Chinese.<br>Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1<br>Chapter 2. --- Literature Review and hypotheses --- p.4<br>Chapter 3. --- Sample Selection and methodology --- p.9<br>Chapter 4. --- Valuation Results --- p.15<br>Chapter 5. --- Additional analysis of spinoffs and mergers --- p.28<br>Chapter 6. --- Conclusion --- p.41<br>Chapter 7. --- Tables --- p.43<br>Chapter 8. --- Bibliography --- p.62
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Trapalis, Fotini. "Cross-border transfer of organizational knowledge : a two country comparison." Thesis, 2003. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/2245/1/MQ83960.pdf.
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Organizational knowledge is considered an essential competency for multinational corporations wanting to efficiently transfer their experience and practices to subsidiaries. Knowledge transfer has traditionally been examined through the transmission of routines, rules, and procedures--but when transferring knowledge from one country to the other, cultural characteristics also need to be taken into consideration. This paper uses a multiple case study to investigate how the transfer of know-how is influenced by three factors: level of individualism, the degree of subsidiary autonomy, and time. The sample consisted of seven Canadian and Greek parent companies and eight subsidiaries, with qualitative data triangulated from twenty-seven interviews, as well as documentation and observation. The findings confirm the majority of the hypothesized constructs, indicating that cultural characteristics influence cross-border knowledge transfer.
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陳嘉駿. "Re-exploring the phenomnon of digital divide:a cross-country comparison." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86233369776615571648.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>南華大學<br>經濟學研究所<br>90<br>This paper uses a cross-country sample of survey data to reinvestigate the determinants of digital divide. The broad set of variables allows for comparisons of the relative differences both nationally and internationally. We design a digital knowledge index (DKI), a measure for monitoring inequalities of the digital knowledge among people. We find that the digital divide exists between cities and across countries. Demographic variables such as age, education, and income are found to be statistically significant. Besides, people who have higher interest in digital technology tend to have higher scores in DKI. An interesting finding is that Internet access is not a significant source in achieving the digital knowledge. Finally, we imply that technological endowments could give rise to the digital knowledge discrepancies among nations.
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Lesene, Grégoire Auguste Serge, and 林含樺. "Consumer Trust in Food Safety Actors: A Cross-Country Comparison." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96g62w.
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碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>國際經營管理碩士學程<br>103<br>Recent food safety scandals in Taiwan have tainted the image of the nation’s food system and have has a result raised the awareness of formosan consumers regarding the safety and quality of the food they consume. This study investigates the impact of the food actors and institutions on consumer trust in food safety by comparing two groups of consumers from two different countries, respectively Taiwan and France. The possible impact of social media on consumer trust in food safety was also researches in this study between Taiwan and France due to the increasing development of this form of communication. Results of this research revealed that differences between Taiwanese and French consumer exist in terms of trust for food safety and quality, but did not support results from previous findings. Similarly the role of social media on consumer trust in food safety was not proven significant in both both countries. Nevertheless relationships were found between social media and the food actors and institutions.