Academic literature on the topic 'Country Floors (Firm)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Country Floors (Firm)"
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Christos, Lemonakis, Konstantinos Vassakis, Garefalakis Alexandros, and Michailidou Despoina. "Cooperation’s characteristics for potential innovative SMEs in crisis: The Greek paradigm." Corporate Ownership and Control 14, no. 1 (2016): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv14i1p3.
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This study focuses on the role of business cooperation and firms’ exporting activity as the determinants of Greek manufacturing SMEs’ innovative extend use, contributing to the existing empirical literature. The empirical analysis based on unique both quantitative and qualitative data, derived from a survey covering more than 158 small and medium-sized Greek manufacturing firms, and examines factors affecting innovation activity, emphasizing on clustering activities. We find that inter-firm cooperation enhances innovation activity, which in turn empowers firms’ growth by improving domestic and overseas sales performance. This study opens the floor for a greater perspective in managerial and financial firms’ characteristics; Firms should take initiatives to promote collaborative networks for innovation and create trade associations that represent SMEs, in order to facilitate social interaction. Also, government should offer incentives to SMEs with high innovation potential (e.g. tax allowances) and invigorate linkages between universities, research centers and the private sector by creating effective institutional arrangements. Finally, we seek to provide policy implications to business owners, policy makers and academics, to optimize performance, in the shadow of economic turbulence that the country experiences.
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Braun, Sebastian. "Foreign Competition, Multinational Firms, and One-Sided Wage Rigidity." Global Economy Journal 10, no. 2 (2010): 1850195. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1583.
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The paper studies the effects of a one-sided minimum wage in a two-country model of intra-industry trade, in which multinational firms arise endogenously. With positive levels of intra-industry trade the adverse employment and welfare effects of an asymmetric minimum wage are significantly larger than in a non-trading economy. Multinational firms generally mitigate the effect somewhat. Even though factor prices are not equalized across countries, a (binding) wage floor in one country will prop up wages in the other. The flexible-wage country is insulated from shocks caused by factor accumulation in the rigid-wage country, while an increase in the labor supply of the latter economy may have profound impacts on labor market outcomes in both countries.
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Fei, Ye, Wei Na Zhang, and Zhe Hao Wu. "Optimization of Roadheader Crawler Parameters Based on the Theory of Driving." Applied Mechanics and Materials 532 (February 2014): 394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.532.394.
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The heading machine is one of the key equipment of coal mine roadway drivage, and cantilever machine applied most widel, A lot of coal roadway floor condition is very poor in our country, so its travel mechanism performance also have a higher requirements. Especially when driving on slopes, frequently, caterpillar not firm grip, and backward. This article is based on crawler and the ground interaction theory optimization model is established, the crawler structure parameters are optimized in order to obtain maximum tractive force,thereby improving the performance of walking.
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Thompson, Emma Georgia, Thomas Adam Coates, Wallace Michael Aust, and Melissa A. Thomas-Van Gundy. "Wildfire and Prescribed Fire Effects on Forest Floor Properties and Erosion Potential in the Central Appalachian Region, USA." Forests 10, no. 6 (2019): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10060493.
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Short- and long-term impacts of wildland fires on forest floor properties and erosion potential were examined at three locations in the Central Appalachian region, U.S.A. In 2018, two wildfires were investigated within six months of burning on the George Washington–Jefferson National Forest (GWJNF) in Bland County, Virginia and the Monongahela National Forest (MNF) in Grant County, West Virginia. An additional wildfire was studied eight years post-fire on the Fishburn Forest (FF) in Montgomery County, Virginia. A 2018 prescribed fire was also studied within six months of burning on the MNF in Pendleton County, West Virginia. Litter and duff consumption were examined to evaluate fire severity and char heights were measured to better understand fire intensity. The Universal Soil Loss Equation for forestlands (USLE-Forest) was utilized to estimate potential erosion values. For the 2018 comparisons, litter depth was least as a result of the wildfires on both the MNF and GWJNF (p < 0.001). Wildfire burned duff depths in 2018 did not differ from unburned duff depths on either the MNF or GWJNF. Eight years after the FF wildfire, post-fire litter depth was less than that of an adjacent non-burned forest (p = 0.29) and duff depth was greater than that of an adjacent non-burned forest (p = 0.76). Mean GWJNF wildfire char heights were greatest of all disturbance regimes at 10.0 m, indicating high fire intensity, followed by the MNF wildfire and then the MNF prescribed fire. USLE-Forest potential erosion estimates were greatest on the MNF wildfire at 21.6 Mg soil ha−1 year−1 due to slope steepness. The next largest USLE-Forest value was 6.9 Mg soil ha−1 year−1 on the GWJNF wildfire. Both the prescribed fire and the 2010 wildfire USLE-Forest values were approximately 0.00 Mg soil ha−1 year−1. Implications for potential long-term soil erosion resulting from similar wildfires in Central Appalachian forests appeared to be minimal given the 2010 wildfire results.
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Bianchi, Cristina. "Emergency Planning in Switzerland." Atlanti 25, no. 2 (2015): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33700/2670-451x.25.2.25-33(2015).
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Switzerland is a relatively safe and neutral country. The main risks of losing information, though, are through water and fire. Risk management includes emergency planning to quickly react against floods - lakes, rivers, cascades, glaciers and dams represent a wealthy use of hydropower in this alpine country - and fire or worse, arson. In practice, not many entities have yet thought of writing an emergency plan for saving their archives, and they find themselves lost when something happens, because they are unable to reactivate their business with vital documents in a couple of days… A special entity within the Swiss Civil Protection, called the Cultural Property Protection (PBC) specializes in training young men to protect cultural goods in their region. They will inspect the place, create an inventory with pictures, and propose an emergency plan. When an accident or natural disaster happens, they will be called on duty and asked to physically protect the goods by taking them out of the damaged building, ensure packing and store them in a safe place. How this works, under which legislation and what practical tools (inventory sheet, emergency evacuation sheet) the PBC uses to achieve this mission are the aspects that this article will develop.
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Zhou, Qiang, and Yue Gang Tang. "Utilization of Coal Ash in China." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 2386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2386.
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Coal ash belongs to a kind of mixed material like pozzolana, which is formed after the combustion of the pulverized coal at high temperature. China is the No. 1 coal production and use country all over the world, and the coal ash produced from burning coal accounts for about 30% of the total fire coal. How to use cumulative secondary resources well, reduce floor space and environmental pollution, create higher added value, and comprehensively utilization of coal ash obtains more and more attention from people. This article describes the composition nature of coal ash and comprehensive utilization status quo in construction, building materials, agriculture, environmental protection and chemical industry, and makes recommendations on the problems and development trend of coal ash in China.
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Yakovchuk, R. S., A. D. Kuzyk, S. O. Yemelyanenko, and T. M. Skorobagatko. "FIRE SPREAD MECHANISM ON SURFACE OF CONSTRUCTION FIT WITH FAÇADE HEAT INSULATION BASED ON COMBUSTIBLE INSULANT AND FINISHED WITH PLASTER." Fire Safety, no. 34 (July 19, 2019): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.34.2019.16.
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The article is dedicated to the use of structures of external walls with facade insulation with plaster, which is widespread and popular in our country and abroad, as well as the problems associated with their fire hazard. The work of domestic and foreign researchers dealing with fire safety issues of facade systems has been analyzed. Classification of prefabricated systems of facade insulation is performed depending on the design decision, as well as on the main features in accordance with: the type of applied insulation material; a method of fastening a heat-insulating layer; composition of the base plaster layer; kind of decorative protective layer. The structure of prefabricated systems with complete sets of insulation with prefabrication of light, thick-layer plaster or fine-wares products is represented. The peculiarities of the processes that occur during combustion of the thermal insulation and finishing system of the outer walls of residential buildings are analyzed and revealed. Typical scenarios of fire spreading are presented with a surface of the design of external walls with a facade heat insulation with a fuel heater and a stucco coating. The mechanism of propagation of fire through a window opening by a surface of a facade heat insulation on the basis of foam polystyrene is described. The conclusion is made that the use of structures of exterior walls of residential buildings with facade insulation with combustible insulant and stucco coating significantly increases their level of fire hazard. This danger will depend on both the properties of individual materials (including insulant), as well as on the design features of the entire thermal insulation system and the building as a whole. For plaster systems, the thermal insulation of facades is a major threat to the rapid spread of fires on the floors above and below the building. The most common causes of thermal insulation fires is the transfer of fire from the windows during intense fire inside the rooms.
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Lavrov, Leonid, and Fedor Perov. "THE PROBLEMS OF HIGH-RISE CONSTRUCTION IN ST. PETERSBURG." Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 40, no. 3 (2016): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2016.1210053.
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St. Petersburg’s strict limit on building height existed until the 1960s. A small loosening of restrictions occurred only at the end of the 19th century, which formed the “horizontal” silhouette of the city with a few spire accents, domes and factory chimneys. In the USSR during the 1960s, a multi-storey building system began to develop. As this inclusive unification spread throughout Leningrad, 9-storey, 12-storey, 16-storey residential buildings became widespread. The population’s attitude to them was quite critical. When Russia became a market economy country, St. Petersburg began to actively feel the influence of globalization in the architectural and construction industries. A consequence of the development of new technologies has become the mass construction of residential buildings that are 22–25 floors in height (including buildings closely located to the historical center). Fire safety issues were discovered, and problems concerning soil conditions were uncovered. The high buildings’ influence on the protected center landscapes were very negatively received by citizens. In spite of the approved building regulations, there are many problematic situations; for example, the project of a 400-meter skyscraper next to the monument of Smolniy Cathedral provoked many debates in the city.
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Khatakho, Rajesh, Dipendra Gautam, Komal Raj Aryal, et al. "Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (2021): 5369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105369.
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Natural hazards are complex phenomena that can occur independently, simultaneously, or in a series as cascading events. For any particular region, numerous single hazard maps may not necessarily provide all information regarding impending hazards to the stakeholders for preparedness and planning. A multi-hazard map furnishes composite illustration of the natural hazards of varying magnitude, frequency, and spatial distribution. Thus, multi-hazard risk assessment is performed to depict the holistic natural hazards scenario of any particular region. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, multi-hazard risk assessments are rarely conducted in Nepal although multiple natural hazards strike the country almost every year. In this study, floods, landslides, earthquakes, and urban fire hazards are used to assess multi-hazard risk in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is then integrated with the Geographical Information System (GIS). First, flood, landslide, earthquake, and urban fire hazard assessments are performed individually and then superimposed to obtain multi-hazard risk. Multi-hazard risk assessment of Kathmandu Valley is performed by pair-wise comparison of the four natural hazards. The sum of observations concludes that densely populated areas, old settlements, and the central valley have high to very high level of multi-hazard risk.
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Hoque, Imranul, Peter Hasle, and Miguel Malek Maalouf. "Lean meeting buyer's expectations, enhanced supplier productivity and compliance capabilities in garment industry." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 69, no. 7 (2020): 1475–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-08-2019-0410.
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PurposeInvestigate the potential of using “lean” in garment supplier factories to enhance productivity and compliance capability, so as to fulfill a buyer's expectation of lower price, shorter lead time, and higher occupational health and safety (OHS) standards.Design/methodology/approachBy means of an intervention, lean tools integrated with OHS elements were introduced in four Bangladeshi key garment suppliers of a Danish buyer. By employing a qualitative approach, both quantitative and qualitative techniques were used to collect data on productivity, OHS, and buyer–supplier efforts.FindingsThis study demonstrates that lean tools, integrated with OHS elements, can be used to improve the productivity and compliance capabilities of supplier firms, which meet a buyers' changing demands for lower prices, shorter lead times, and higher compliance standards. This study suggests that the improvement of productivity and OHS in supplier firms through lean implementation could be a better choice for buyers than switching to new suppliers with uncertainties in productivity and delivery, as well as OHS compliance problems.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study suggest that garment suppliers can benefit from implementing lean, thereby improving their capacity to meet buyers' expectations. Therefore, both suppliers and buyers have a mutual interest in the application of lean in suppliers' production facilities.Originality/valueBy considering both buyer and supplier perspectives, this research is a unique attempt to investigate the possibilities of lean implementation at the shop-floor level to meet the market challenges in the context of a developing country.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Country Floors (Firm)"
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Schmidt, Patrick. "Interfacial dynamics in counter-current gas-liquid flows." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23474.
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This dissertation considers the genesis and dynamics of interfacial instability in vertical laminar gas-liquid flows, using as a model the two-dimensional channel flow of a thin falling film sheared by counter-current gas. The methodology is linear stability theory by means of Orr-Sommerfeld analysis together with direct numerical simulation of the two-phase flow in the case of nonlinear disturbances. The influence of two main flow parameters on the interfacial dynamics, namely the film thickness and pressure drop applied to drive the gas stream, is investigated. To make contact with existing studies in the literature, the effect of various density and viscosity contrasts as well as surface tension is also examined. Energy budget analyses based on the Orr-Sommerfeld theory reveal various coexisting unstable modes (interfacial, shear, internal) in the case of high density contrasts, which results in mode coalescence and mode competition, but only one dynamically relevant unstable interfacial mode for low and intermediate density contrast. Furthermore, high viscosity contrast and increases in surface tension lead to some amount of mode competition for thin film. A study of absolute and convective instability for low density contrast shows that the system is absolutely unstable for all but two narrow regions of the investigated parameter space. These regions are extended at intermediate density contrast and exhibit only small changes with increased viscosity contrast or surface tension. Direct numerical simulations of the system with low density contrast show that linear theory holds up remarkably well upon the onset of large-amplitude waves as well as the existence of weakly nonlinear waves. For high density contrasts corresponding more closely to an air-water-type system, linear stability theory is also successful at determining the most-dominant features in the interfacial wave dynamics at early-to-intermediate times. Nevertheless, the short waves selected by the linear theory undergo secondary instability and the wave train is no longer regular but rather exhibits chaotic motion. Furthermore, linear stability theory also predicts when the direction of travel of the waves changes - from downwards to upwards. The practical implications of this change in terms of loading and flooding is discussed. The change in direction of the wave propagation is represented graphically for each investigated system in terms of a flow map based on the liquid and gas flow rates and the prediction carries over to the nonlinear regime with only a small deviation. Besides the semi-analytical and numerical analyses, experiments with an practically relevant setup and flow system have been carried out to benchmark and validate the models developed in this work.
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Mazé, Dominique. "Déploiement de la stratégie des groupes chinois dans les pays émergents et en développement : analyse contextuelle et culturelle. Comment les fleurons chinois s'emparent de territoires et préemptent le long terme." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0080/document.
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La montée en puissance des groupes industriels et des conglomérats basés en Asie, en Amérique latine, en Europe centrale et orientale, au Moyen-Orient ou bien en Afrique, bouscule les agendas de nombreux fleurons mondiaux et ouvre de nouvelles brèches pour la communauté académique. Elle pose la question de la pérennité de la multinationale d´inspiration anglo-saxonne, longtemps présentée comme la quintessence du capitalisme. Il faut désormais compter avec la Périphérie, ce monde composé de pays émergents et de pays en développement. La Périphérie d´hier et d´aujourd´hui sera le Centre de demain et d´après-demain. Les groupes étatiques et privés chinois rebattent les cartes à l´intérieur et à l´extérieur de celui-ci pour faire la course en tête dans l´économie mondialisée des 50-100 prochaines années. Les études empiriques consacrées aux entreprises originaires des pays émergents (EMNE) fleurissent. A ce jour, aucune nouvelle théorie n´a émergé des débats contradictoires, donnant ainsi crédit au courant évolutionniste. Selon Dunning, Kim et Park (2008), l´internationalisation des EMNE serait la version contemporaine de l´expansion des multinationales des pays développés à la fin des années 1970. Leurs stratégies et leurs modes opératoires ressembleraient à du “vieux vin dans de nouvelles bouteilles”. Le contenu serait quasiment le même. Seul le contenant aurait vraiment changé. Notre recherche vise à décrypter les dynamiques stratégiques, transactionnelles et opérationnelles des groupes chinois dans le monde émergent et en développement. Nous cherchons à comprendre comment le fleurons de l´Empire du Milieu s´emparent de territoires a priori imprenables et préemptent le long terme dans les pays de la Périphérie. Notre étude révèle qu´ils jouissent de leviers et d´atouts spécifiques leur permettant de se battre (war-fighting capabilities) et de conquérir des positions de leaders mondiaux (war-winning capabilities). A rebours du courant évolutionniste, nous mettons en évidence l´originalité des dynamiques chinoises. Les stratégies de conquête des groupes chinois sont travaillées par les questions existentielles (les masses critiques chinoises) et la culture multimillénaire (l´art des combinatoires, la dynamique des flux, l´entresoi) de la Chine. Nous montrons que la préemption institutionnelle habilement orchestrée par l´Etat chinois auprès de la gouvernance défaillante ou mitée des pays hôtes constitue le mode d´entrée privilégié des dragons dans les pays émergents et en développement. Les fleurons chinois investissent massivement dans les vides et déploient des stratégies liquides, que nous appelons “stratégies de l´eau”. Face à elles, les stratégies de la pierre des groupes occidentaux et non occidentaux apparaissent vulnérables. L´eau est supérieure à la pierre. Nos travaux réhabilitent le rôle de la culture dans le champ de la stratégie, et identifient un nouveau paradigme, dénommé IFLC (Institutionalize-Fill-Leverage-Combine), qui pourrait ouvrir la voie à de nouveaux agendas dans le domaine du management stratégique<br>The rising power of industrial firms and conglomerates from Asia, Latin America, Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, shakes up the agendas of many global companies and opens the door to further academic research. We argue that it challenges the sustainability of the multinational corporations of Anglo-Saxon inspiration. The Periphery of the global economy composed of emerging and developing countries is likely to shift to the Center in the mid- and long-term. Both Chinese State and private enterprises are reshuffling the cards within and outside the Periphery to gain and, ultimately, preserve a strong leadership in the next 50-100 years. Empirical studies dedicated to emerging market multinationals (EMMs) have failed to create a new theory so far, thus providing material for the advocates of evolutionism. Dunning, Kim and Park (2008) viewed the internationalization of EMMs as the contemporary version of the patterns implemented by developed country multinationals in the late 1970s. According to these authors, the strategies of EMMs, and their execution in the host countries, are “an old wine in new bottles”. The content is similar; only the container is different. Our research aims at decoding the strategic, transactional, and operational dynamics at stake in the maneuver warfare waged by Chinese multinational companies in emerging and developing economies. Our five empirical studies strived to shed a new light on how Chinese multinationals conquer new territories, on how they dismantle invincible positions held by historic players, and on how they preempt the long term in countries of the Periphery. Our survey demonstrates that they leverage an unrivalled collection of specific levers and assets that help them wage the war (war-fighting capabilities) and conquer global leadership positions (war-winning capabilities). Unlike the evolutionist trend, we found out that the Chinese expansion strategies and footprint are unique. They are driven by China’s existential questions (critical masses of resources) and long history. The case studies show that the institutional preemption of the flawed, moth-eaten governance of the host countries, skillfully orchestrated by the Chinese State, is the favorite mode of entry of the Chinese dragons in emerging and developing countries. They also show that the latter invest heavily in voids of all natures (1), and that they deploy liquid strategies named ‘water strategies’ as opposed to ‘stone strategies’ (2). Facing water strategies, the ‘stone strategies’ of Western multinationals appear vulnerable. Our research makes it clear that water wins over the stone. Our findings rehabilitate the role of culture in the field of international strategy, and lead to a new theoretical paradigm: IFLC (Institutionalize – Fill – Leverage – Combine). The IFLC model could pave the way to brand new agendas and practices in strategic management
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Tan, Tsai Tsung, and 蔡宗曇. "Study on the Fire Agencies’ Flood Disaster Relief System－An Example from the Chiayi County Fire Bureau during Typhoon Morakot." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48528007769549274976.
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鄭又誠. "A Study on the Relief Resources Needs Assessment of Basic Fire Stations to Respond Typhoon-Flood Disaster -Using Koushiung City and Pingtung County as Example." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vq647t.
Full textBooks on the topic "Country Floors (Firm)"
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Moran, Theodore H. The Role of the State in Harnessing Trade-and-Investment for Development Purposes. Edited by Carol Lancaster and Nicolas van de Walle. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199845156.013.40.
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This article focuses on the role of the state in utilizing foreign direct investment (FDI) to achieve development. It begins by considering the benefits and dangers from trade-and-investment flows before turning to the long-standing debate about the merits of export-led growth vs. inward import substitution as a development strategy. It then examines whether the liberalization of trade-and-investment enhances economic growth, particularly in developing countries. The article also discusses “structural transformation” and its implications for labor-market policies; the importance of forced technology transfer in creating national champion firms; the role of an explicit industrial policy in today’s developmental state; and whether developing countries need more “policy space” for trade-and-investment policy than what they are entitled to under free trade agreements, bilateral investment treaties, and the World Trade Organization. Finally, it assesses the politics underlying the use of FDI to develop internationally competitive manufacturing industries in the host country.
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Crystal, Jonathan. Investment and Transnational Corporations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.247.
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Transnational corporations (TNCs) are networks of related enterprises, composed of a parent in one country and subsidiaries or affiliates in other countries. They play a central role in the global economy, and have recently come into focus in international political economy (IPE) scholarship. Early studies on TNCs and foreign direct investment (FDI) took place in the late 1960s and the 1970s. FDIs are a type of cross-border investment in which a resident in one economy establishes a lasting interest in an enterprise in another economy, in order to ensure a significant degree of influence by the direct investor in the management of the direct investment enterprise. Both TNCs and FDIs were controversial in the field, as tensions arose between TNCs and host states and people began to question whether or not FDIs were beneficial for developing countries. By the 1980s and 1990s, the world fell into the grip of financial crisis, and the study of TNCs fell largely into neglect, only to witness a revival during the 2000s. Since then, while the field of IPE has returned to focus its research on FDI, the current literature has taken a different track from the earlier work, and the results have made important contributions to answering questions about the effects of FDI and about what affects firm–state bargaining or the governance of TNCs in the twenty-first century. Too much of the recent literature, however, still focuses narrowly on explaining investment flows.
Book chapters on the topic "Country Floors (Firm)"
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Mironko, Arkadiusz. "Concentration of Foreign Firms in Poland based on Industrial Specialization and Country-of-Origin Criteria: The Results and Summary of the Evidence." In Determinants of FDI Flows within Emerging Economies. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137372161_4.
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Goldman, Bernadine. "Two Fires and a Flood." In Advances in Library and Information Science. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8624-3.ch024.
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This chapter explores the ongoing path toward disaster preparedness taken by Los Alamos County Library System. The library system has experienced three disasters since the year 2000, the Cerro Grande Fire; a cloudburst that sent water pouring through the library's skylight, and the Las Conchas Fire. The author tells the stories of these disasters, and their impacts on the library, its staff and community, with some emphasis on the emotional impacts. These stories and the lessons learned from them are interwoven with the steps and missteps in the writing of the library's disaster preparedness manual and the ongoing need to keep preparedness efforts active. The importance of forming supportive relationships with colleagues in the local government and with regional library cohorts, and the magnitude of the role the library staff, collections and facility already had in the community, a role that expanded in the recovery process, are highlighted.
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Goldman, Bernadine. "Two Fires and a Flood." In Emergency and Disaster Management. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6195-8.ch068.
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This chapter explores the ongoing path toward disaster preparedness taken by Los Alamos County Library System. The library system has experienced three disasters since the year 2000, the Cerro Grande Fire; a cloudburst that sent water pouring through the library's skylight, and the Las Conchas Fire. The author tells the stories of these disasters, and their impacts on the library, its staff and community, with some emphasis on the emotional impacts. These stories and the lessons learned from them are interwoven with the steps and missteps in the writing of the library's disaster preparedness manual and the ongoing need to keep preparedness efforts active. The importance of forming supportive relationships with colleagues in the local government and with regional library cohorts, and the magnitude of the role the library staff, collections and facility already had in the community, a role that expanded in the recovery process, are highlighted.
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Olivas-Luján, Miguel R., and Gary W. Florkowski. "The Diffusion of HRITs Across English- Speaking Countries." In Encyclopedia of Human Resources Information Systems. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-883-3.ch037.
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From an historical perspective, human resource (HR) activities rarely captured the respect of line executives who often view this area as “staff chores” rather than high value-added business. This, coupled with the large amount of complex information required to execute personnel tasks, partially explains why HR departments did not tend to be early adopters of information technologies (ITs). The situation has changed radically over the last decade, as personnel departments increasingly seek to offload paper-intensive, compliance-oriented processes to technology-supported flows so that they are better able to support and evolve the company’s strategy to achieve competitive advantage in an era of increased global competition. Little is known, though, about the process by which HR-related software applications and services spread from firm to firm, and ultimately country to country. In response, we draw upon a set of geographically diverse practitioner surveys and early findings of our ongoing research program (Florkowski & Olivas-Luján, 2006) to examine the diffusion of HRITs across nations. We also include suggestions for future research and definitions of terms that aid in understanding this increasingly important phenomenon.
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Jana, Rabindranath, P. Vdhyarani, and R. Maruthakutti. "Reciprocation of Indian States on Trade Relation." In Advances in Data Mining and Database Management. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6659-6.ch014.
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In the past few years, it is being observed that there is a wake-up call for creating one economic India, one market place with free movement of goods and people. Again, for creating one economic India, the needs of creating one economic India, it needs to preserve sovereignty for the Indian states. However, it is very pertinent to ask how much internal integration India has achieved through trade between states within India. Under such brief backdrop, the author has tried, as an initial attempt, to apply social network analysis (SNA) for studying empirically reciprocation/cohesiveness of Indian states using the data on inter-firm and intra-firm trade flows between states for the financial year 2015-2016. On the basis of reciprocity counts for weighted social networks on inter-states trade relation, the standardized reciprocity measures have been adopted for the chapter. The outcomes of the chapter seem to offer important implications for understanding cooperation and integration on inter-states trade interactions and to exhibit the equilibrium and circularity of inter-state trade flows.
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Mlinaric, Danijel, Hrvoje Josic, and Cindy Thompson. "Investigating the Effect of Diplomatic Representation on Trade." In Bridging Microeconomics and Macroeconomics and the Effects on Economic Development and Growth. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4933-9.ch010.
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Economic diplomacy is an unavoidable tool for improving economic standards, and it needs to be an important instrument for policy makers in stimulating international trade and supporting domestic firms. This chapter analyses the impact of economic diplomacy on bilateral trade flows in Croatia in the period from 1992 to 2017. The authors use an applied gravity model of trade by employing fixed effects model (FE), random effects model (RE), and pseudo Poisson maximum likelihood (PPML) estimator. PPML estimator takes into count zero trade flows because estimating zero trade flows with OLS estimator could lead to several biases. The problem of dependence between diplomacy representatives was solved by constructing individual regressions using FE model and PPML estimator. The hypothesis of the chapter, which was tested, states that diplomatic representation has had positive and significant effects on bilateral trade flows (imports and exports) of Croatia. The results of the analysis have shown that the diplomatic representation via embassies and consulates is a relevant trade and trade-enhancing factor.
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Lorbiecki, Marybeth. "The Land Ethic." In A Fierce Green Fire. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965038.003.0029.
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Cooking my house specialty, New Mexican green chili, I heard the knock at the back door and dried my hands to open it for my expected guest. Shyly, the young man in the collar offered a bouquet of bright spring flowers and another gift, the golden- sunned paperback copy of A Sand County Almanac. “I thought you might like this—it’s a favorite of mine.” He had no idea how beloved this book was to me, or the author. In this small gesture, I felt like he was unintentionally offering me a concrete symbol of the growing bridge between the spiritual ethics of Aldo Leopold the naturalist and scientist, and his beloved wife, Estella, the devout Roman Catholic. Leopold had once noted that we would not ever come to integrating a land ethic into our American culture until churches and faith communities got involved. This obviously makes sense when you consider that only a small percentage of the nation, and indeed the world, possess a depth of scientific and/or ecological literacy. But in 2014, over 75% of Americans (and 84% worldwide in 2010) self-described themselves as having a religious affiliation. Another substantially growing group consider themselves spiritual, though not affiliated or have “fallen away” from their original religious practice. Scientific findings though rationally convincing often have less power to move people in their decision making, or perspectives, than faith. In the past, this has often led to land damage rather than health, but as shown by Pope Francis’s recent actions, this paradigm is shifting. Leopold was a student of the Bible, and he observed that the Mosaic Decalogue of the Ten Commandments dealt with humans’ relationships with each other in society. Leopold stated that the human ethical relationship to the land community was an evolving process, just as was human-to-human morality, mentioning the evolvement of human understanding that slavery is wrong. Leopold, in his “Land Ethic” essay, cited that leading thinkers in the Bible, the prophets (such as Ezekiel and Isaiah), urged deeper understandings.
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Smith, Robert B., and Lee J. Siegel. "Ice over Fire: Glaciers Carve the Landscape." In Windows into the Earth. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195105964.003.0010.
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Yellowstone, the Tetons, and Jackson Hole were shaped by multiple catastrophes. Huge volcanic eruptions and powerful earthquakes played major roles. Finishing touches were added by another kind of calamity: A rare global Ice Age produced gigantic glaciers that buried the landscape with ice two-thirds of a mile thick in places. The glaciers carved mountains, canyons, and lake basins. They dumped large piles of debris and redirected the flow of rivers. The Yellowstone—Teton region is a world-class example of how land was reshaped by glaciers during what is known as the Pleistocene Ice Age. The Ice Age was not a single glacial period, but many intermittent cold spells interspersed with warmer periods during which the ice melted. The timing of major glacial periods is notoriously uncertain. Although continental ice sheets did not quite reach as far south as Yellowstone, a regional icecap and large glaciers covered the Yellowstone—Teton country during three major episodes of at least the past 300,000 years—and perhaps the past 2 million years. The last of these big glaciers retreated about 14,000 years ago, although some argue they did not recede until 10,000 to 12,000 years ago. Today, small glaciers in the Teton Range are found only above 10,000 feet. During each major episode, most of Yellowstone National Park was buried beneath an icecap as much as 3,500 feet thick, among the largest in the ancient Rocky Mountains. Gigantic masses of ice flowed down from the high Yellowstone Plateau, carving and scouring the Earth’s surface, diverting and damming rivers into their present forms, steepening mountain fronts, and deepening lakes. The ice helped sculpt the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. More than anything, the thick ice scraped Yellowstone’s volcanic topography, further smoothing the plateau and helping to excavate the basin occupied by Yellowstone Lake. Jackson Hole became a rendezvous of glaciers converging from the north, north-east, and west. Ice up to 2,000 feet thick scooped out the valley floor. The glaciers left tall ridges of rocky debris now covered by lush conifer forests. Such ridges, called moraines, helped shape Jackson Lake.
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Egan, Patrick J. W. "Introduction." In Globalizing Innovation. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262037358.003.0001.
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This chapter situates the book in its theoretic and empirical contexts. It reveals the key observable motivation for the book; that multinationals are increasingly locating innovation in peripheral or developing economies. After briefly reviewing literature from political science, economics, and international business, the chapter summarizes the argument of the book: host country institutions, not only internal firm characteristics, are important determinants of innovation-intensive forms of international investment. The chapter contends that many existing political economy studies of foreign direct investment treat these flows as uniform, when in fact there is tremendous heterogeneity of investment models. Advancements in data collection allow deeper analysis of this heterogeneity than in decades past. The chapter provides background information on the different data sources used in the remainder of the book. The chapter also includes discussion of the implications of the argument for various academic disciplines, and draws attention to how multinationals are or are not embedded in local economies. The chapter concludes with a road map for the rest of the book.
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Flaherty, George F. "Mobilization and Mediation." In Hotel Mexico. University of California Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520291065.003.0007.
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Taking as the departure point a car trip through Mexico City in the movie Los Caifanes by Juan Ibáñez (1966), chapter VI examines the media mobilized by the 68 movement—a vast body of graphics and films, including communiqués and the documentary El Grito (1969). Produced horizontally and collaboratively, printmaking served as an efficient means of counter-information. Heterogeneous materials denounced the state’s violence and everyday repression, circulating widely with the use of the city’s buses so that they saturated urban space not unlike Olympic propaganda. Similarly, small mobile film crews armed with lightweight cameras—trained at the new film school, Centro Universitario de Estudios Cinematographicos—sought to disrupt Mexico City’s official representation and communication flows. As such, the 68 movement harnessed the city as the medium of communication, creating open-ended “media fields” that aimed to move their audiences and invite them to participate in their reproduction and transformation.
Conference papers on the topic "Country Floors (Firm)"
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Roxburgh, R., and G. Rein. "Study of wildfire in-draft flows for counter fire operations." In FOREST FIRES 2008. WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/fiva080021.
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Sta¨bler, Thomas D., Leonhard Meyer, Thomas Schulenberg, and Eckart Laurien. "Turbulence Structures in Horizontal Two-Phase Flows Under Counter-Current Conditions." In ASME 2006 2nd Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting Collocated With the 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2006-98211.
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In order to improve the multi-dimensional numerical simulation of horizontal two-phase flows, the knowledge of local turbulent quantities is of great importance. In horizontal stratified flows, the denser (first) phase flows as a film beneath the other (second) phase. Under counter-current conditions, the second phase flows into the opposite direction of the first phase. In the present investigations a liquid film flows counter-currently to a gas flow. According to the flow rates of both phases, different flow regimes set in. In supercritical flows (Fr>1), the height of the liquid film increases in flow direction, while it decreases in subcritical flows (Fr<1). For sufficiently high gas flow rates the upper part of the liquid film flows into direction of the gas flow, while the lower part still flows into its initial direction opposite to the gas flow. Only a reduced amount of water reaches the end of the test section. This flow regime is referred to as partially reversed flow. The presented local measurements provide not only the mean and rms-velocities of the liquid film, but also the corresponding Reynolds stresses. Local measurements are carried out at two different positions along the test section for various boundary conditions. Furthermore, the liquid injection height has been varied. The kinematic and turbulent structures of the different flow patterns are presented and compared.
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Shinohara, Masahiko, and Sanae Matsushima. "Experimental Study of the Flow Structure in Fire-Induced Whirlwinds Downwind of a Fire Using Particle Image Velocimetry." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41711.
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The flow structure of fire-induced whirlwinds that occur downwind of a 90-cm-diameter methanol flame was investigated using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and a flow visualization technique. The PIV images showed that the whirlwinds occurred as counter-rotating vortices on both sides of a reverse flow downwind of the flame that moved toward it near the floor. The whirlwinds started near the floor and extended upwards, with a lower tangential velocity near the floor. The radius of the forced vortex region in the whirlwinds increased above a height of 11 cm. Whirlwinds downwind of the 90-cm-diameter methanol flame behaved the same as whirlwinds downwind of a 3-cm-diameter flame that were investigated in a previous study.
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Shinn, Aaron F., and S. Pratap Vanka. "Large Eddy Simulations of Film-Cooling Flows With a Micro-Ramp Vortex Generator." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65267.
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Large Eddy Simulations were performed to study the effect of a micro-ramp on an inclined turbulent jet interacting with a cross-flow in a film-cooling configuration. The micro-ramp vortex generator is placed downstream of the film-cooling jet. Changes in vortex structure and film-cooling effectiveness are evaluated and the genesis of the counter-rotating vortex pair in the jet is discussed. Results are reported with the jet modeled using a plenum/pipe configuration. This configuration was designed based on previous wind tunnel experiments at NASA Glenn Research Center, and the present results are meant to supplement those experiments. It is found that the micro-ramp improves film-cooling effectiveness by generating near-wall counter-rotating vortices which help entrain coolant from the jet and transport it to the surface. The pair of vortices generated by the micro-ramp are of opposite sense to the vortex pair embedded in the jet.
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Yang, Dong, Ran Huo, Longhua Hu, et al. "The Application of Snapshot POD Method in Characterization and Analysis of Numerically Simulated Fire-Induced Flows." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88193.
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Snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) was performed on the analysis of dominant structures of fire-induced flows. The data for POD analysis was obtained from large eddy simulation (LES). Identification and analysis of dominant flow patterns have been carried out for two important types of fire-induced flows, including vertical plumes induced by pool fire and fire-induced horizontal channel flows. The essential features or energetic motions of these fire-induced flows were identified by combination of desired orders of POD modes. For the fire plumes, the counter-rotating vortex tubes were identified as the most dominant flow patterns. It is revealed that the oscillation dynamics of fire plume were related to the vortices near these vortex tubes. A larger number of small-scale structures and more structure scales were found in the fire plumes with higher Reynolds number (or higher heat release rate). For fire-induced horizontal channel flows, both the energy fractions and the structure patterns associated with POD modes depend more strongly on Reynolds number than those for fire plumes. The energy fractions contained within the most energetic modes significantly decrease with the increase of Reynolds number (or extraction flow rate) for fire-induced channel flows. It is found that the locations of strong vortices areas identified by POD mode are higher than the interface heights estimated by Janssens’ method, especially at the positions where counter flow mixing is strong.
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Xiao, Xiangtao, Pei Wang, Qiang Du, Qingzong Xu, and Jun Liu. "DDES Numerical Investigations on Coherent Structures in Trailing-Edge Film Cooling Combined With Pressure-Side Film Hole." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59150.
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Abstract The pressure-side cutback is used to design the trailing-edge film cooling. Previous studies have demonstrated the strong unsteady film mixing between the mainstream gas and the slot coolant, resulting in rapid deterioration of the film cooling effectiveness on cutback surface. The shedding vortexes formed by the clockwise and counter-clockwise structures induced by the mainstream and slot coolant shear-layer account for the strong blending. The RANS/LES hybrid turbulence model (DDES) has been proved to capture the locally unstable flows well. The flowfields and temperature of the cutback under eight blowing ratios Mslot = 0.3 ∼ 1.2 are simulated. With the increasing of blowing ratios, the counter-clockwise structures induced by the slot coolant shear-layer are strengthened to dominate the shedding vortexes gradually, which is corresponding to three kinds of coherent structures. Under low Mslot = 0.3 ∼ 0.5 dominated by clockwise structures of the mainstream, the effectiveness increases. Under middle Mslot = 0.5∼0.75 dominated by both clockwise structures of the mainstream and counter-clockwise structures of the slot coolant, the effectiveness decreases. Under high Mslot = 0.75∼1.2 dominated by counter-clockwise structures of the slot coolant, the effectiveness increases again. To weaken the blending at cutback, the pressure-side film hole with Mhole = 0.4 is arranged close to the cutback to rebuild the mainstream shear-layer. The weakened mainstream shear-layer and the assistant hitting of the hairpin vortexes from the hole injection can weaken the strength of the shedding vortexes at cutback, contributing to the improvement of the effectiveness on cutback surface under low Mslot = 0.5 and middle Mslot = 0.75. Under high Mslot = 1.0, the less influence of the hole injection on the shedding vortexes dominated by the slot coolant counter-clockwise structures accounts for slight improvement. Finally, FFT analysis is obtained for two configurations.
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Soma, L. W., F. E. Ames, and S. Acharya. "The Influence of Turbulence and Reynolds Number on Multiple Slot Film Cooling Over the Suction Surface." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15619.
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Abstract Developing robust film cooling protection on the suction surface of a vane is critical to managing the high heat loads which exist there. Suction surface film cooling often produces high levels of film cooling but can be influenced by secondary flows and some dissipation due to free-stream turbulence. Directly downstream from suction surface film cooling, heat loads are often significantly mitigated and internal cooling levels can be modest. One thermodynamically efficient way to cool the suction surface of a vane is with a counter cooling scheme. This combined internal/external cooling method moves cooling air in a direction opposite to the external flow through an internal convection array. The coolant is then discharged upstream where the high level of film cooling can offset the reduced cooling potential of the spent cooling air. The present suction surface film cooling arrangement combines a slot film cooling discharge on the near suction surface from an incremental impingement cooling method with a second from a counter cooling section. A second counter cooling section is added further downstream on the suction surface. The internal cooling plenums replicate the geometry of the cooling methods to ensure the fluid dynamics of the flow discharging from the slots are representative of the actual internal cooling geometry. These film cooling flows have been tested at blowing ratios of 0.5 and 1.0 for the initial slot and blowing ratios of 0.15 and 0.3 for the two downstream slots. The measurements have been taken at exit chord Reynolds numbers of 500,000, 1,000,000, and 2,000,000 with inlet turbulence levels ranging from 0.7% to 12.6%. Film cooling effectiveness measurements were acquired using both thermocouples and infrared thermography. The infrared thermography shows the influence of secondary flows on film cooling coverage near the suction surface endwall junction. The film cooling effectiveness results at varied blowing ratios, turbulence levels and Reynolds numbers document the impact of these major variables on suction surface slot film cooling. The results provide a consistent picture of the slot film cooling for the present three slot arrangement on the suction surface and they support the development of an advanced double wall cooling method.
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Kalghatgi, Prasad, and Sumanta Acharya. "Modal Analysis of Inclined Jet Film Cooling Flows With Density Variation." In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17160.
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Thermal and hydrodynamic flow field over a flat surface cooled with a single round inclined film cooling jet and fed by a plenum chamber is numerically investigated using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and validated with published measurements. The calculations are done for a free stream Reynolds number Re = 16000, density ratio of coolant to free stream fluid ρj/ρ∞ = 2.0 and blowing ratio BR = ρjV/ρ∞V = 1.0. A short delivery tube with aspect ratio l/D = 1.75 and 35° inclination is considered. The evolution of the Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H), hairpin and Counter-Rotating Vortex Pair (CVP) vortical structures are discussed to identify their origins. Modal analysis of the complete 3D flow and temperature field is carried out using a Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) technique. The modal frequencies are identified, and the specific modal contribution towards the cooling wall temperature fluctuation is estimated on the film cooling wall. The low and intermediate frequency modes associated with streamwise and hairpin flow structures are found to have largest contribution (in-excess of 28%) towards wall temperature (or cooling effectiveness) fluctuations. The high frequency Kelvin-Helmholtz mode contributes towards initial mixing in the region of film cooling hole away from the wall. The individual modal temperature fluctuations on the wall and their corresponding hydrodynamic flow structures are presented and discussed.
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Nagavarapu, Ananda Krishna, and Srinivas Garimella. "Falling-Film Absorption Around Microchannel Tube Banks." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63094.
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An experimental investigation of heat and mass transfer in a falling-film absorber with microchannel tube arrays was conducted. Liquid ammonia-water solution flows in a falling-film mode around an array of small diameter coolant tubes, while vapor flows upward through the tube array counter-current to the falling film. This absorber was installed in a test facility consisting of all components of a functional single-effect absorption chiller, including a desorber, rectifier, condenser, evaporator, solution heat exchanger, and refrigerant pre-cooler, to obtain realistic operating conditions at the absorber and to account for the influence of the other components in the system. Unlike studies in the literature on bench-top, single-component, single-pressure test stands, here the experiments were conducted on the absorber at vapor, solution, and coupling fluid conditions representative of space-conditioning systems in the heating and cooling modes. Absorption measurements were taken over a wide range of solution flow rates, concentrations, and coupling fluid temperatures, which simulated operation of thermally activated absorption systems at different cooling capacities and ambient conditions. These measurements are used to interpret the effects of solution and vapor flow rates, concentrations, and coupling fluid conditions on the respective heat and mass transfer coefficients.
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Fumizawa, Motoo, and Hidenori Horiuchi. "Helium-Air Exchange Flow Rate Measurement Through a Small Opening." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37008.
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Buoyancy-driven counter flows of helium-air were investigated through horizontal and inclined small openings. Counter flows may occur following a window opening as ventilation, fire in the room as well as a pipe rupture accident in a high temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor [1]. The counter flows also occur following the fusion reactor accident of LOVA that takes place through the breaches of vacuum vessel penetration duct [2]. The experiment has carried out by a test chamber filled with helium and flow was visualized by the smoke wire method. The flow behavior has recorded by a high-speed camera with a computer system. The image of the flow was transferred to the digital data, thus the flow velocity was measured by PTV software. The mass fraction in the test chamber was measured by electronic balance. The detected data was arranged by the densimetric Floude number of the counter flow rate that derived from the dimensional analysis. The method of mass increment was developed and applied to measure the counter flow rate. By removing the cover plate placed on the top of the opening, the counter flow initiated. Air enters the test chamber and the mass of the gas mixture in the test chamber increased. The volumetric counter flow rate was evaluated from the mass increment data. In the case of inclination openings, the results of both methods were compared. The inclination angle for maximum densimetric Floude number decreased with increasing length-to-diameter ratio of the opening. For a horizontal opening, the results from the method of mass increment agreed with those obtained by other authors for a water-brine system.
Reports on the topic "Country Floors (Firm)"
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Changes in water-quality conditions in Lexington Reservoir, Santa Clara County, California, following a large fire in 1985 and flood in 1986. US Geological Survey, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri924172.
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