To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: County judge.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'County judge'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'County judge.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Black, Stuart Rulan. "How Governor Thomas Ford's Background, Choices, and Actions Influenced the Martyrdom of Joseph Smith in Carthage Jail." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8421.
Full textAbstract:
Thomas Ford was the governor of Illinois at the time of Joseph and Hyrum Smiths’ martyrdoms in Carthage Jail in 1844. Before his tenure as governor, Ford’s professional life included service as an attorney and judge throughout Illinois. His background in the legal field gave him a unique perspective which may have influenced his career as governor of Illinois from 1842-1846. Although Governor Ford is relatively well-known for his association with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and its history, his background and the bearing it had on the martyrdom of the Smiths has received relatively little attention from scholars. In this thesis I contend that Governor Ford’s choices in Carthage, Illinois can be traced in some ways to his legal background. I also examine his earliest interactions with Joseph Smith in 1842-1843, and how those interactions may have also been influenced by Ford’s legalistic viewpoints. I suggest it is possible Ford’s legal background more than his political experience may have had the most bearing on those interactions. Chapter one summarizes some of the financial, political, and mobocratic difficulties citizens in Illinois dealt with in the late 1830s and early 1840s. This context shows that even before Ford’s election in 1842, Illinois had severe challenges that affected the Saints and their neighbors. Chapter two explores some of the legal cases Ford heard while serving on the Illinois bench and bar. This chapter investigates the unique balance Ford attempted to maintain between law and justice, while also suggesting Ford may have occasionally strayed from consistently following the law. In chapter three, Ford’s transition into a political figure in Illinois history, as well as his extensive interactions with Smith are analyzed. Throughout these interactions, Ford seemed to frequently rely on his background in law to help him make decisions about Smith. This analysis is continued in chapter four when Ford chose to intervene in Hancock County after the Nauvoo Expositor printing press was destroyed. This chapter systematically relates Ford’s previous legal cases to the specific choices he made in Carthage. As a conclusion, chapter five serves to summarize these findings, and also opens further opportunities for research that demonstrate how Ford’s interactions with the Saints in Illinois may have continued to be affected by his past. This thesis provides research suggesting Ford’s choices surrounding the Smiths in Hancock County can be traced to his past and should not necessarily be considered isolated events in 1844. Furthermore, it adds to our understanding of church history by giving another paradigm in which to examine the martyrdom of Joseph Smith in Carthage Jail.
2
Louis, Delphine. "La distinction du fait et du droit en droit judiciaire privé." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10036.
Full textAbstract:
En droit judiciaire privé, la distinction du fait et du droit est censée fonder la répartition des rôles entre les parties et le juge sur la matière litigieuse et la délimitation du contrôle de cassation. Au premier abord, cette distinction, historique et adoptée par de nombreux systèmes juridiques, semble évidente voire élémentaire. Du point de vue de la théorie du droit elle trace une frontière entre le fait, au sens d'évènement, et la norme selon un critère de normativité. Cependant, cette simplicité n'est qu'apparente car, en droit judiciaire privé, il n'existe pas une mais plusieurs distinctions. Afin de s'adapter à la réalité processuelle, en matière d'office du juge, elle devient la distinction des domaines du droit et du fait, le premier comprenant les activités juridiques, qui portent sur les règles de droit, et le second les activités factuelles ayant pour objet les éléments de faits. En matière de cassation, elle devient la distinction entre les questions de fait, qui portent sur l'appréciation des faits, et les questions de droit qui concernent l'application du droit. Pourtant, la multiplication des niveaux de distinction ne suffit pas à la rendre opérante : le juge joue un rôle dans le domaine factuel tandis que les parties ont des obligations dans celui du droit ; la Cour de cassation contrôle des questions de fait tandis qu'elle abandonne certaines questions de droit. Puisque la distinction est dépourvue de fondement normatif, il convient de s'en détacher pour revenir aux textes qui déterminent précisément le rôle de chacun dans le procès civil et réalisent un équilibre des rôles. Son caractère inopérant en matière de cassation incite à la remplacer par le véritable critère de compétence : la distinction de l'arrêt et de l'affaire qui fait apparaître le réel objet du contrôle : l'opération juridictionnelleIn Private Judicial Law, the distinction between the fact and the law is supposed to found the distribution of the roles between the parties and the judge concerning the contentious matter and the delimitation of the cassation control. At first, this historical distinction, adopted by numerous legal systems seems obvious, and even elementary. In terms of the theory of law, it draws a border between the fact, meaning the event, and the norm according to a criterion of normativity. However, this simplicity is only apparent,as, in Private Judicial Law, there is no single distinction, but several differentiations. In order to adapt to the processual reality, as regards the judge's function, it becomes the distinction between sectors of the law and the fact, the first sector including the legal activities, which deal with the rules of law, the second sector refering to the factual activities aiming at the matters of facts. As far as cassation is concerned, it becomes the distinction between the question of fact which focus on the appreciation of the facts and the question of law which deal with the enforcement of the law.Yet the multiplication of the levels of distinction is not sufficient to make it operating : the judge plays a part in the factual field whereas the parties have some obligations in the fields of law ; the Court of Cassation controls questions of fact whereas it gives up certain questions of law. Since the distinction is devoid of normative basis, it is necessary to break away to come back to the texts which precisely determine the role of each party in the civil trial and achieve a balance of the roles. The inoperative nature of the distinction encourages to replace it with the real criterion of competence : the distinction between the judgement and the case which reveals the real object of the control : the jurisdictional operation
3
McGrath, Joseph B. "The qualities of a judge in church courts." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.
Full text
4
Lebrun, Geoffroy. "Office du juge administratif et questions préjudicielles : recherche sur la situation de juge a quo." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0261.
Full textAbstract:
Les questions préjudicielles interrogent l’office du juge administratif qui les formule.Accessoires du procès au principal, elles pourraient être considérées comme des questions annexes etsecondaires. Cette étude de contentieux administratif, fondée sur l’analyse systématique de lajurisprudence administrative, vise à démontrer le contraire. Remarquables tant par leur variété que parleurs incidences sur le procès, les questions préjudicielles restent souvent perçues comme descomplications de procédure inutiles visant à retarder la résolution du litige. Cette étude prend le partid’expliciter comment le juge administratif au principal en vient à construire une question préjudicielle,et quel en est le fondement juridique. De ce point de vue, si les parties au litige jouent bien souvent unrôle essentiel dans le relevé d’une exception, c’est en dernière analyse, le juge au principal qui détientle pouvoir de formulation de la question. Par ailleurs, la mise en oeuvre des questions préjudicielles,traditionnellement présentée comme paralysant l’office du juge, apparaît sous un nouveau jour. Loind’immobiliser l’office du juge au principal, l’étude minutieuse du droit positif révèle les importantspouvoirs que possède encore le juge a quo dans la maîtrise du procès dont il est compétemment saisi.Enfin, la réception par le juge a quo de la décision préjudicielle correspond à un partage de lasouveraineté juridictionnelle impliquant l’édiction d’un acte juridictionnel issu d’un processus decodécision. Cette étude livre un éclairage sur le fonctionnement et la complexité d’un mécanisme icitraité sous l’angle de l’office du juge lorsqu’il se place en situation de juge a quo. Elle permetégalement d’envisager les principales problématiques juridiques relatives à la fonction juridictionnellePreliminary issues challenge the role of the administrative law judge who formulates them.They are regarded as being accessory to the principle case at bar. They may even be perceived assecondary issues. This study of administrative litigation, based on a systematic analysis ofadministrative case law, aims to establish the opposite. Preliminary issues are characterized by theirdiversity as well as by their influence on the lawsuit, however, they are often perceived as useless andcumbersome procedural complications aiming to delay the resolution of the dispute. This study aimsto explicit the process by which the administrative law judge builds a preliminary issue and what is thelegal foundation of such an issue. From this angle, albeit the fact that the parties to the main disputeplay an essential role, it is the judge, who mainly retains the power to formulate the preliminary issue.This analysis challenges the traditional portrayal of preliminary issues as paralyzing the judicial“office”. To the contrary, far from immobilizing the “office of the judge”, an in depth study of positivelaw reveals the extensive powers that the judge a quo possesses with regards to the case at bar.Finally, the reception by the judge a quo of the preliminary ruling corresponds to a sharing of juridicalsovereignty implying the passing of a juridical act emanating from a process of co-decision. Thisstudy aims to shed light on the functioning and the complexity of a mechanism rarely examined fromthis angle. This study equally allows for an exploration of the main legal issues relating to the judicialfunction and the “Office” of the administrative law judge when placed in the situation of judge a quo
5
Hochstetler, Spencer. "Judge-Prosecutor Dyad Effects on Racial Disparity." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1592170635135092.
Full text
6
Miller, Banks P. "State Success in State Supreme Courts: Judges, Litigants and State Solicitors." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1243004656.
Full text
7
Campbell, Patrick Jude. "Fall and Redemption: The Essence of Country Music." The University of Montana, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-07172007-180612/.
Full textAbstract:
My initial focus as a final project in the Creative Pulse was to begin to sing again. Singing fulfilled the three requirements of choice in a project: risk, rigor, and the requirement of having to do it. I had sung as a young man, and stopped as the result of listening to an adult tell me that I could not sing. During the following 23 years, I used percussion and became a dancer in order to express myself. The art forms of percussion and dance I was drawn to like a man is drawn to a woman that he must have. What about being drawn to an art form in order to continue existing? An artistic pursuit whose means of expression are a salvation? One can read about many artists who came into an art form out of necessity. Their life outside of expressing themselves was bleak and the art form became their cry. I by no means wish to place myself at the level of expertise of such artists that came to their art to survive, or to imply that I paid my dues to the extent that certain artists have (artists such as Hank Williams, or the Blues artist Robert Johnson, for example). I do mean to express through this paper my experience of the catharsis in singing country music and the Blues. My beginning singing came at a time when I really needed it; the music helped me through a difficult time. The title of the paper is Fall and Redemption: the Essence of Country Music for this reason. It is in Narrative form, foot printing my process and discovery of the music. I attempted to combine lifes experiences with the discovery of the music. The experiences were the inspiration behind playing the music. The essence of country music and the Blues is its sincerity, and I hope that I have combined my lifes narrative with the artistic process effectively, as the time period (December 2005 to June 2007) was a time in which art was defined by life, and life was defined by art.
8
Taratoot, Cole Donovan. "Administrative Law Judge Decision Making in a Political Environment, 1991 - 2007." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_diss/5.
Full textAbstract:
Unelected bureaucrats make a broad range of important policy decisions raising concerns of accountability in a democratic society. Many classics in the literature highlight the need to understand agency decisions at stages prior to the final vote by agency appointees, but few studies of the bureaucracy do so. To this point, scholars have treated the issue of shirking as one where laziness and inefficiency are the driving forces. However, it is more realistic to expect that shirking comes in the form of ideological resistance by administrators. I develop a theory that the independence afforded to the bureaucracy is functionally comparable to that of the judiciary, allowing for the insertion of individual attitudinal preferences by bureaucrats. Drawing from the attitudinal model of judicial research, I look at whether attitudes affect the decision making of administrative law judges at the National Labor Relations Board, the influence administrative law judge decisions have on reviewing bodies, and whether attitudinal decision making can be controlled by external political and legal actors. Results demonstrate that Democratic judges are more likely than Republican judges to rule for labor in unfair labor practice cases, administrative law judge decisions provide the basis for subsequent decisions of reviewing bodies, and that few political and legal controls exist over this set of bureaucrats. This research provides evidence that lower level bureaucrats make decisions based on their own political preferences and that these preferences have far ranging consequences for policy and law.
9
Kurek, Aline. "Le juge financier, juge administratif." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00678581.
Full textAbstract:
En tant que juge administratif spécialisé, le juge financier, entendu au sens de la Cour des comptes, des Chambres régionales des comptes et de la Cour de discipline budgétaire et financière, dispose d'une compétence d'attribution. Il lui revient ainsi d'assurer le respect des règles budgétaires et de la comptabilité publique. La perspective visant à apprécier le juge financier en tant que juge administratif, c'est-à-dire en tant que juge administratif de droit commun, peut dès lors soulever certaines objections. Néanmoins, la jurisprudence financière démontre de nombreuses et régulières interventions du juge financier comparables à celles d'un juge administratif. L'application des règles du droit administratif, les qualifications opérées, les contrôles sur les actes administratifs relevant d'un contrôle de légalité sont autant d'illustrations de ce rôle joué, de façon inattendue, par le juge financier. Ces activités, a priori non naturelles pour ce dernier, devaient dès lors inciter à orienter l'analyse autour des raisons pour lesquelles les juridictions financièresse trouvaient en position de juge administratif. Pouvaient alors être distinguées deux cas de figure. D'une part, il apparaissait nécessaire pour le juge financier, dans certaines hypothèses, d'agir tel le juge administratif. D'autre part, le juge financier affirmait, dans certains cas, une véritable volonté d'intervenir comme tel
10
Castex, Remi. "Le rôle du juge aux affaires familiales dans les conflits de famille." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0008.
Full textAbstract:
À l’heure où un mariage sur deux finit en divorce, la question du rôle du juge aux affaires familiales (JAF) est plus que jamais d’actualité. Ce rôle a été modifié à de nombreuses reprises en fonction des considérations sociales du moment et, aujourd’hui, l’heure est à la déjudiciarisation. Mais est-ce pertinent ? Le rôle du JAF tend à être de plus en plus réduit à tel point que des pans entiers du droit familial sont retirés de sa compétence. Le règlement des conflits familiaux subit une tendance générale de déplacement vers la sphère privée dont le point culminant a été atteint, il y a peu, par la loi Justice XXI qui a déjudiciarisé le divorce par consentement mutuel et confier son règlement privé aux notaires et aux avocats. Quant aux autres pans du droit familial qui restent de sa compétence, ils subissent des délais judiciaires de plus en plus longs ou une présence symbolique du juge ; tant le nombre de ces derniers est bas. Les fautes sont dédramatisées, ce qui conduit à une absence d’indemnisation de ces dernières. Afin de pouvoir correctement appréhender les conséquences de ce mouvement de recul du judiciaire, une enquête a été menée sur le terrain auprès des JAF, avocats, notaires, psychiatres et, surtout, des justiciables. Les résultats de cette enquête ont permis de démontrer les conséquences dramatiques que ce mouvement entraîne ; tant sur le plan des conjoints/parents, que sur celui des enfants, voire des tiers. L’importance sociale des conflits de famille a toujours été la motivation première de l’intervention étatique afin de protéger les victimes que ces conflits peuvent engendrer. Il est regrettable que cette protection ne soit plus à l’ordre du jourAt a time when every second marriage ends in divorce, the question of the role of the family affairs judge (JAF) is more relevant than ever. This role has been changed many times based on the social considerations of the moment and nowadays it is time for diversion. But is it relevant? The role of the JAF tends to be reduced to such an extent that entire sections of family law are removed from its jurisdiction. The settlement of family disputes is under-going a general trend of displacement towards the private sphere, the culmination of which was recently reached by the Justice XXI Act, which di-verted divorce by mutual consent and entrusted its private settlement to notaries and public servants. lawyers. As for the other parts of family law that remain within its jurisdiction, they suffer longer and longer court delays or a symbolic presence of the judge; as the number of these is low. The faults are played down, which leads to a lack of compensation for the latter. To be able to correctly grasp the consequences of this movement of retreat of the judiciary, an investigation was carried out in the field near the JAF, lawyers, notaries, psychiatrists and, especially, litigants. The results of this investigation have shown the dramatic consequences that this movement entails; spouses / parents, children and even third parties. The social importance of family conflicts has always been the primary motivation for state intervention to protect the victims that these conflicts may engender. It is regrettable that this protection is no longer on the agenda
11
Elkaim, Behar Sarah. "Le droit processuel des mineurs." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D068.
Full textAbstract:
Le droit processuel en tant que matière, n'est consacré pour les mineurs qu'en procédure pénale. Pourtant, offrant un terrain des plus propices à l'exercice de la comparaison processuelle, de nombreuses normes régissent tant les procédures administratives que les procédures civiles relatives aux mineurs. Plus encore, le domaine des mineurs est celui où la concomitance de ces procédures est envisageable, envisagée et même courante. Cette coexistence, appelle en premier lieu l'examen de l'articulation de l'ensemble de ces procédures et de ses acteurs. Dans un second temps, elle devrait à elle seule plaider en la faveur d'une reconnaissance d'un droit processuel spécial des mineurs (unifié et à codification unique), propre à garantir la protection de leurs droits tant substantiels que processuelsIn the French legal system, processual law as a legal subject matter is recognized as is for minors, only in the criminal field. However, rules of proceedings dealing with minors are structured in a way that fits the principles of processual comparison. Moreover, these proceedings can be simultaneous or at least connected, regarding the same minor. Such coexistences lead first to the analysis of the coordination between those different proceedings, processes and actors. Then these coexistences should plead in favor of the recognition of a special processual !Cf'rl1 for minors (within a unique codification), which is more appropriate to guarantee the protection of the minor 's rights (both substantial and processual, as they are complementary)
12
Vilon-Guezo, Neeskens Christian. "La mise en place d’un droit de la concurrence harmonisé en Afrique et ses mécanismes de mise en œuvre." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0006.
Full textAbstract:
Dans un contexte de surabondance d’Organisations d’Intégrations Régionales induisant une pluralité de législations communautaires sur le droit de la concurrence,nous pouvons aisément constater qu’un même Etat appartient à différentes Organisations régionales.Dans ce cadre, lorsqu’il y a un contentieux sur la concurrence, ce foisonnement législatif communautaire engendrera de sérieux conflits de compétences et de risque de recoupement de ces différentes normes.S’il est une évidence que le droit de la concurrence est un instrument juridique impératif dans tout processus d’intégration, il n’en demeure pas aussi moins que la garantie de promotion et de sécurisation de l’investissement en est primordiale.Les solutions que nous avons proposées pour concilier l’application simultanée et sans heurts des différentes normes communautaires existantes sur le droit de la concurrence tout en garantissant une sécurité juridique et judiciaire aux entreprises sont nombreuses.C’est dire que l’étude met un accent sur l’adoption d’une norme harmonisée en Afrique afin de mettre en place une politique de la concurrence saine et crédible qui prendrait en compte d’une part les intérêts des différents acteurs économiques et d’autre part des consommateurs.Ainsi nous parviendrons à un véritable instrument juridique d’ouverture économique qui faciliterait l’accès des marchés africainsIn a context of overabundance of regional organisation of Integration leading toseveral community legislations on the competition law, we can easily notice that thesame states belong to these different organisations.Within this framework, when there is litigation about the competition, thiscommunity legislative abundance will lead to serious conflicts of competences andreinterruption risks of these different norms.If it is an abvious fact that, the competition law is an imperative legal instrument inevery integration process, it is not less important that the safeguard of promotion andreassurance of investment is vital.The solution we suggested to reconcile the smoothly simultaneous application of thedifferent community norms existing on the competition law by safeguarding a legaland judicial security to the companies are many.That is, the study emphasizes on the adoption of an harmonized norm inAfrica in order to put in place a politic of a safe and credible competition that willstake into account on the one hand the interests of the different economic actors andon the other hand of the consumers.In this way, we will reach a real legal instrument of economic aperture that will enable the access to African markets
13
Amit, Roni. "Judges without borders : international human rights law in domestic courts /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10732.
Full text
14
Statkevičiūtė, Vilma. "Teismų veiklos konstitucinės garantijos." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20060315_110822-90056.
Full textAbstract:
Constitution bails of legal proceeding we can understand like unit of laws beingin Constitution, which determine constitutional positions for court and judge. Law system secure independence of the judge and the court of the Republic of Lithuania from other govermance branch or individual person. Alongside, it guarantee fairminded and unprejudiced procecution of the justies.
15
Van, Winkle Steven R. "Governing Justice: Rotating three-judge panels and strategic behavior on the United States Courts of Appeals /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487940308434525.
Full text
16
Smith, Bethany. "The role and influence of District Judges in the magistrates' courts." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30111.
Full textAbstract:
The judicial responsibility for dealing with over one million defendants in the magistrates' courts each year is currently shared between over 30,000 volunteer lay magistrates, usually sitting in panels of two or three, and 281 legally qualified, state paid, District Judges (Magistrates' Courts) and Deputy District Judges (Magistrates' Courts), who sit alone.;District Judges (or stipendiary magistrates as they were previously entitled) were traditionally considered an anomalous feature of the magistrates' courts system. However, the last 10 years has seen the greatest expansion in their numbers and the consolidation of their role, status and organisation. Two main factors have contributed to these developments: the pressure for efficiency that has been brought to bear on the criminal justice process over the last twenty years, most recently embodied in the ethos of New Public Management and the marked shift towards professionalisation of the magistrates' courts. The combination of these factors, and the resultant growth in the numbers and role of District Judges, has led to the resurgence of familiar debates surrounding the fundamental values and functions of the magistrates' courts.;The objectives of this study were to assess the role of District Judges in terms of the assumptions made in respect of the skills and benefits they bring to the magistrates' courts and to determine the extent of their influence upon the conduct of court business. It is argued that District Judges exert the greatest influence in the micro arena of the courtroom. The combination of their status as legal professional and decision-maker transformed the dynamics of working relationships. However, they had little direct impact upon the general administration or non-judicial work of the court. It was found that their assumed quality in terms of speed was reflected in the largely pragmatic judicial role they undertook in the courts. However, it was also apparent that District Judges tended to be allocated a greater proportion of the 'more serious' types of cases in defence to their professional status. Finally, it is argued that, as 'expert' decision-makers within a system historically based on 'amateur community justice' the increased presence of District Judges has both led to, and been emblematic of, a subtle shift in the underlying values of the magistrates' courts.
17
Caumes, Clémentine. "L'interprétation du contrat au regard des droits fondamentaux." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00543319.
Full textAbstract:
Le droit des contrats subit depuis quelques années des mutations importantes, au premier rang desquelles figure l'émergence de sources nouvelles, à l'instar des droits fondamentaux issus de la Convention européenne de sauvegarde des droits de l'homme et des libertés fondamentales (Convention EDH). Leur application classique dans les relations verticales unissant l'État à l'individu a connu un prolongement évident par la reconnaissance de l'effet horizontal du texte en droit interne, impliquant leur respect jusque dans les relations privées.L'interprétation du contrat, consistant à en révéler le sens et les obligations qui en découlent, constitue l'objet de l'étude menée. La lecture de l'acte contractuel doit se faire en conformité avec l'interprétation opérée par le juge européen de la Convention EDH. De ce constat émerge tout l'intérêt de la recherche, consistant à mettre en avant la confrontation évidente pouvant naître entre d'une part le contrat - porteur de principes forts (particulièrement l'autonomie de la volonté, et ses corollaires telles la liberté contractuelle et la force obligatoire du contrat) - et d'autre part le respect des droits fondamentaux. Dans quelles mesures ces derniers peuvent-ils influer sur l'interprétation d'un contrat privé ?Le travail de recherches entrepris révèle un rôle sensible des droits fondamentaux sur l'interprétation du contrat - le respect des droits fondamentaux prime de manière générale la force obligatoire - et constate que cette influence est le fruit d'une démarche complémentaire du juge européen, lequel dicte, et du juge interne, lequel réceptionne les droits fondamentaux dans l'interprétation.Cette étude - bien que certains de ses aspects paraissent encore empiriques - témoigne d'une influence perfectible des droits fondamentaux sur l'interprétation du contrat. En ce sens, des pistes d'améliorations, tant au niveau européen qu'interne, ont pu être envisagées
18
Schahmaneche, Aurélia. "La motivation des décisions de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON10038.
Full textAbstract:
Exposé des raisons de fait et de droit qui fondent le dispositif, « mobiles psychologiques » ayant conduit le juge à se forger sa conviction, telle est la motivation des décisions de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme. Parce qu'elle cherche à la fois à justifier et à expliquer les choix du juge, la motivation strasbourgeoise ne se conçoit pas comme une simple déduction purement logique. Elle est aussi un acte important de rhétorique. La Cour accorde une importance particulière au fait d'emporter l'adhésion de l'auditoire afin que celui-ci réceptionne de façon spontanée ses décisions et le droit qu'elle produit. C'est en faisant appel à la raison que la Cour entend affirmer son autorité et réaliser la mission qu'elle s'est fixée : former un droit commun européen des droits de l'homme. A la fois moyen de renforcement de la légitimité du juge et condition de la légitimité de ses décisions, la motivation contribue à nourrir la confiance des justiciables et des Etats parties dans la justice européenne. Dotée d'une fonction pédagogique, la motivation permet aussi à la Cour de persuader l'auditoire et d'inciter les Etats à la réception de sa jurisprudence. De ces différentes fonctions découlent alors une certaine manière de motiver. Certes, l'exposé des motifs n'est pas exempt de critiques. Il révèle régulièrement les erreurs, les manipulations et les excès d'un juge au pouvoir normatif certain. Mais le nombre considérable de décisions rendues invite à conclure au caractère satisfaisant de la motivation. Les efforts de la Cour pour construire un style judiciaire de qualité, mais aussi adapter de façon constante le contenu de sa motivation et « coller » de ce fait au plus près des réalités de la société démocratique européenne, doivent en effet être soulignésThe motivation of the European Court of Human Rights' judgments is based both on the exposition of reasons containing elements of fact and law and on the “psychological motives” that allow the European judge to build up his convictions. The motivation included in the judgment tries both to justify and explain the Court's choice. So, it can't be considered only as a purely logical deduction. It is also an important act of rhetoric. The European Court wishes her audience to accept its case law in a spontaneous and voluntary way. The Court chooses therefore to appeal to good sense rather than constraint to assert its case law authority and so fulfill its long term mission which consists in building a European common law on Human Rights . The motivation contributes to build the legitimacy of the European Court's decisions. It also allows the public and the Contracting States to trust the European justice and to acknowledge the legitimacy of its decisions. It means that the motivation is also a teaching method helping to receive its case law and to accept the European supervision. To achieve this aim, the Court chose different strategies that sometimes show the mistakes, the manipulations or the excesses of the European Court's function. Nevertheless, the general opinion on the Court's motivation is positive and helps to adapt its contents to the realities of the democratic European society. The European Court's efforts to build a quality style of judgments must be also underlined
19
Ghamroun, Samer. "Effets d’État. Les juges des enfants, les tribunaux de la charia et la lutte pour la famille libanaise." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN020/document.
Full textAbstract:
Malgré un format institutionnel classique, l’État libanais ne présente pas certaines propriétés par lesquelles la sociologie politique caractérise le pouvoir étatique. Il figure ainsi régulièrement dans la liste des États faibles. Ce travail de recherche remet en question la pertinence de cette qualification en s'inscrivant dans une démarche de sociologie politique du droit et de la justice, appliquée à la justice civile des mineurs ainsi qu’à la justice de la charia. Il documente l’activation à partir de 2002 des juges des enfants sur un terrain libanais où le droit de la famille est pluriel, et où plusieurs droits religieux sont mis en œuvre par plusieurs systèmes juridictionnels religieux, en l’absence d’un droit civil commun. Cette thèse mobilise la notion d’“épreuve d’État” pour étudier un conflit public, de 2007 à 2010, entre ces juges des enfants et les tribunaux sunnites de la charia autour de la protection de l’enfant en danger. Ce conflit, quoique clôturé en 2010 par un recul des ambitions des juges civils, produit des effets au-delà des arènes juridictionnelles, sur des mobilisations de femmes qui tentent avec un certain succès de modifier en leur faveur le droit religieux sunnite de la famille. Ces effets d’État ne passent pas par les éléments traditionnels recherchés par la sociologie de l’État et de l’action publique : des budgets, une bureaucratie, des règles centrales obligatoires. Il s’agit ici de formes originales d’étatisation par concurrence entre tribunaux autour de l’enfant et de la famille libanaise. L’enquête ouvre ainsi la boite noire de l’État réputé faible à travers l’épreuve du conflit interjuridictionnel, pour s’attarder sur les formes et les effets de la présence de l’État là où il est supposé être absent. Au lieu de chercher le changement dans les droits rigides de la famille uniquement à travers une politique publique sécularisante du centre civil, cette démarche permet de suivre et de mieux comprendre les bouleversements à l’intérieur même des normativités religieuses et de leurs droits supposés immobiles. Le rapport entre l’État et la communauté religieuse n’est plus un jeu à somme nulle, les droits religieux de la famille montrent une certaine réactivité face aux mobilisations des droits par le bas, et l’État libanais acquiert une effectivité que ne lui reconnaissent pas les récits récurrents de sa faiblesseThe Lebanese state is often depicted as failing to possess some of the properties through which political sociology usually defines state power. Therefore, it is often described as a weak state. I question the relevance of this description through a political sociology of law, an approach I apply to civil juvenile courts and to sharia courts. I study the activation in 2002 of juvenile judges in Lebanon, where several religious family laws are implemented by parallel religious courts, in the absence of a common civil law for the family. I use the notion of "State test" to study a public conflict (2007 - 2010) between these juvenile judges and Sunni sharia courts around the protection of endangered children. This conflict produces effects beyond judicial arenas on women mobilizations that are trying, with some success, to change religious Sunni family law. These "state effects" are not channeled through the traditional elements sought by the sociology of the state and policy studies : budgets, bureaucracy or mandatory central rules. These original forms of stateness are the result of a competition between courts for the child and the Lebanese family. Instead of seeking change in rigid family laws only through a secularizing public policy from the civil center, investigating these "state tests" and their effects can allow us to track and better understand the changes within religious groups and their supposedly immobile legal systems. The relationship between the state and the religious groups is no longer a zero-sum game, religious family laws appear more responsive to legal mobilizations from below, and the state acquires an effectiveness that often goes unrecognized by the recurrent narratives of its weakness
20
Gil, Nelson E. "Reform in California's Immigration Enforcement and Immigration Court." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/81.
Full textAbstract:
According to the Department of Homeland Security, Office of Immigration Statistic, California accounts for approximately 2,600,000 illegal immigrants in 2009. This number represents about 25 percent of the entire estimated illegal immigrant population in the United States, which is roughly 10.8 million. Between 2003 and 2008, the U.S. government removed 1,446,338 noncitizens from the United States. This rise in deportation is a result o the changes that have been enacted by the federal government over the years that transformed the nature of immigration enforcement. This thesis explores the California Immigration Enforcement system from the programs established to apprehend illegal aliens in the United States, the rights illegal aliens are granted, the detention facilities where they reside and the immigration courts that ultimately decide their fate. The question that is being asked is whether the current system established works or if reform is needed.
21
Jonáš, Václav. "The effect of the number of judges on the effectiveness of the judicial system." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193464.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis examines the effect of the number of judges on court output in the Czech Republic. It is based on the theory of a rational judge and the hypothesis that after the appointment of new judges, the incumbent judges face lower caseload pressure and they can decrease their effort. It follows that the change in the court output is very small or non-existent. I develop a model that specifies court output as a function of judicial staffing, caseload and other variables. I employ OLS, FE and 2SLS estimation methods. The estimation results suggest that the number of judges does not affect court output in the case of district courts. In the case of regional courts, a 10% growth in the number of judges leads approximately to a 5% growth in the number of resolved cases. Furthermore, estimates suggest that all courts strongly react on changes in the caseload. I also show that the quantity-quality trade-off is not present at courts in the Czech Republic. The thesis contributes to thin empirical literature on the effect of judicial staffing on court output mainly by controlling for the case difficulty and by using panel data from the Czech Republic.
22
Kleps, Christopher. "Equal Law, Unequal Process:How Context and Judges Shape Equal Opportunity Decision-Making in the Courts." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503073597694633.
Full text
23
Nuchprayool, Bajrawan. "L'accès au juge administratif en Thaïlande." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32004.
Full textAbstract:
La Constitution du Royaume de Thaïlande de 2007 prévoit une refonte des juridictions administratives avec la séparation de la juridiction judiciaire afin d’assurer la protection des libertés du citoyen face à la puissance publique et de réparer les préjudices causés par l'administration. L’accès au prétoire du juge reste subordonné à un ensemble de règles procédurales. Toutefois, la simplicité des règles semble dominer à première vue, puisque suffit une demande écrite, sans l’obligation d’intervention d’un avocat. Ainsi, la procédure inquisitoire confère au juge l'initiative de la poursuite et la recherche des preuves incombe à l’administration.Dans un contexte marqué par un bouleversement des principes régissant l’accès au juge administratif, la question de l’accès au juge rencontre en pratique de nombreuses limitations issues de la multiplication des règles procédurales ainsi que de l’interprétation du juge. Tel est le cas, notamment, ainsi que le démontre cette thèse, des exigences relatives à la qualité, à la capacité à agir du requérant ou du « cercle de l’intérêt ». Cette mise en perspective des aspects fondamentaux et techniques du contentieux administratif thaïlandais a été influencée par des pays occidentaux, comme la France. Cette étude sur les dimensions théoriques et pratiques de l’accès au juge administratif en Thaïlande propose une réflexion sur la situation actuelle et future du contentieux administratif comme garant de l’État de droitThe Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand 2007 defines an overhaul of the administrative courts with the separated jurisdictions in order to protect the fundamental rights and freedom of all citizens against the misused of state power, to repair any damages caused by the administration, and to control the legality of administrative acts. Moreover, the regulations on how to bring the cases to courts are simplified into uncomplicated written form and can be conducted without a lawyer. Since in the inquisitorial system lets the judge to gather evidences as to conduct the investigations with the administration.However, there are some restrictions about bringing cases to courts which included the conditions of the applicant's abilities to act and "the circle of interest to sue". This perspective of the fundamental aspects of administrative lawsuit has been influenced by western countries, including France. This research study both the theoretical and practical dimensions on how to bring cases to administrative courts which reflect current and future situation through the analysis of the Thai and French administrative lawsuit systems
24
Budziak, Jeffrey. "Fungible Justice: The Use of Visiting Judges in the United States Courts of Appeals." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1312564916.
Full text
25
Scott, Kevin Matthew. "Double Agents: An Exploration of the Motivations of Court of Appeals Judges." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1039026661.
Full text
26
Ivan, Adrien D. "Masters No More: Abolition and Texas Planters, 1860-1890." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33171/.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is a study of the effects of the abolition of slavery on the economic and political elite of six Texas counties between 1860 and 1890. It focuses on Austin, Brazoria, Colorado, Fort Bend, Matagorda, and Wharton Counties. These areas contain the overwhelming majority of Stephen F. Austin's "Old Three Hundred," the original American settlers of Texas. In addition to being the oldest settled region, these counties contained many of the wealthiest slaveholders within the state. This section of the state, along with the northeast along the Louisiana border, includes the highest concentration of Texas' antebellum plantations. This study asks two central questions. First, what were the effects of abolition on the fortunes of the planter class within these six counties? Did a new elite emerge as a result of the end of slavery, or, despite the liquidation of a substantial portion of their estates, did members of the former planter class sustain their economic dominance over the counties? Second, what were abolition's effects on the counties' prewar political elite, defined as the county judge? Who were in power before the war and who were in power after it? Did abolition contribute to a new kind of politician?
27
Bourran, Elias. "Le dialogue du juge français de l'impôt avec la cour de justice de l'union européenne dans la construction d'un ordre fiscal européen." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED066.
Full textAbstract:
La présente thèse illustre un aspect particulier du dialogue des juges ordonnateur en ce qu'il concerne la Cour de justice et le juge français de l'impôt. Elle analyse la contribution de ce dialogue à la construction d'un ordre fiscal européen, à fondement juridictionnel et jurisprudentiel, subdivision de l'ordre juridique de l'Union européenne, lequel est, en vertu de la jurisprudence combinée de la Cour de justice et du Conseil constitutionnel, intégré au droit français. Elle décrit comment, par le dialogue des juges, se développe cet ordre, ainsi que son contenu, et ses limites. Il apparaît, à cet égard, que cet ordre fiscal peut s'appuyer sur le dialogue des juges dans deux séries de directions normatives: d'une part, le respect des normes du droit général de l'Union européenne par la fiscalité nationale, et d'autre part, une interprétation dynamique des dispositions du droit de l'Union européenne, s'appliquant expressément et spécifiquement à la matière fiscaleThis thesis illustrates a particular aspect of the dialogue of judges as it applies to the European Court of Justice and the French tax judge. It analyses the contribution of this dialogue to the construction of a European fiscal order, resting on the judicial and jurisprudential basis, that is a subdivision of the European Union legal order which is, under the combined case law of the European Court of Justice and the French constitutional Council, integrated into French law.It describes how, through the dialogue of judges, this order develops, including its contents, and its limitations.It appears, in this regard, that this fiscal order may rely on the dialogue of judges in two sets of standards: on the one hand, the compliance with the standards of the general law of the European Union by national taxation, and the other hand, a dynamic interpretation of provisions of law of the European Union law, expressly and specifically applying to tax matters
28
Sauge, Valerie. "Examen de la specificite du traitement des conflits familiaux." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20026/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le droit de la famille est une vaste matière en constante évolution. Son histoire démontre que ce contentieux n’est pas facile à traiter. Depuis le XVIIème siècle, notre législateur a essayé par différents procédés d’apporter la meilleure réponse au conflit familial. Le tribunal de famille était composé de membres de la famille ou de voisins. Les juristes étaient totalement évincés de cette juridiction durant la Révolution française, et ont progressivement réapparu, pour anéantir cette juridiction au début du XIXème siècle. Le divorce et la filiation bénéficièrent également des changements de la société et connurent de nombreuses réformes. Les guerres mondiales du XXème siècle et la libéralisation de la femme ont amené les professionnels du droit à créer la chambre de la famille composée de juges habilités au traitement des divers conflits familiaux. Cette expérience conduit notre législateur a créer un juge spécialisé en la matière et notamment dans le divorce. Ses pouvoirs se développent en 1993 le remplaçant par le juge aux affaires familiales chargé de l’examen des conflits familiaux, en fonction des compétences qui lui sont confiées. Cependant, ce contentieux restant important, il se trouve dépassé. C’est ainsi que le législateur a introduit la médiation familiale, confiée au médiateur familial. Notre législateur utilise la procédure afin de trouver la meilleure solution au traitement de ces conflits familiaux. Actuellement, la commission Guinchard a soumis plusieurs propositions faisant l’objet de diverses lois intégrées dans notre droit français de la famille pour accroitre les compétences de ce juge et développer les modes alternatifs de règlement des conflitsThe family law is a vast subject which is in constant evolution. His history reveals that is litigation is not easy to treat. Since the XVIIth century our legislator tried different systems to bring the best solution to the familial litigation. The Family Court (tribunal de famille) was composed of persons who belong to the family in dispute, or of neighbors. Jurists were completely absent of this jurisdiction during the French Revolution. Finally, citizens realized that jurists were necessary in order to have a justice respecting each one’s rights. It disappeared at the beginning of the XIXth century. The divorce law and filiation law followed changes of the society and knew some reforms. The World Wars of the XXth century and the women’s liberation movement bring up jurists to create the family chamber (chambre de la famille) which is composed of judges who know families disputes. This experience was taken our legislator to invent a judge who is specialized in this subject and especially in the divorce. His powers were developed in 1993 with the “juge aux affaires familiales” who is charged to analyze family’s disputes which are in his competences. But this litigation is always to important and this judge doesn’t have enough time to treat it in a reasonable time, That’s why the legislator integrated into our legal system the familial mediation which is directed by a familial mediator. Our legislator uses the legal term to find the best solution to this litigation. Recently the Commission Guinchard is proposed some ideas which are legalizing in our French family law according more powers to this judge and developing alternative dispute resolutions
29
Myers, Johnnie D. "African American women judges on courts of general and appellate jurisdictions: a descriptive analysis." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1995. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3736.
Full textAbstract:
This is a study on African American women judges who serve on the general and appellate courts. This study addresses four questions: who and where they serve?; what were the recruitment and selections processes that netted the majority of these judges?; what are their attitude and perceptions of gender related issues?; and what were the barriers of those seeking the judiciary? This descriptive analysis is presented as a case study. The analysis is based on data collected from the universe of African American women judges and a random sample of non-African American women judges on these court levels. African American women judges have served less than five years. They reached the bench through an informal selection process at a younger age than their judicial counterparts. They serve in large cities where they are usually the only African American woman on their court and/or court level. They are Democrats and prescribe towards a liberal ideology, yet they do not consider themselves feminists. The gender issue is important, but the race issue supersedes. The research found few differences between black and white women judges
30
Barrett, Kathleen. "Corrupted Courts: A Cross-National Perceptual Analysis of Judicial Corruption." unrestricted, 2005. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04202005-151027/.
Full text
31
Jones, Michael Ryan. "The varying threshold of competence to proceed in juvenile court : opinions of judges, attorneys, and forensic examiners /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3099648.
Full text
32
Koublitskaia, Ioulia. "The Relationship between Legal and Extra-legal Factors: How Judges Come to Make their Decisions in Domestic Violence Cases." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1541.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research is to understand how Trial Court Judges in state and city courts make decisions in domestic violence cases. The researcher examined the relationship between legal (e.g., evidence) and extra-legal factors (e.g., preconceived biases and behaviors related to judicial decision-making) using a qualitative research design. A case study of multiple locations in Orleans and Jefferson Parishes was used whereby a purposive sample of 17 current civil, municipal, and criminal court judges were interviewed. Judicial decision-making strategies were studied via face-to-face interviews, courtroom observations, and content analysis of courtroom communications (e.g., speech, written text, interviews, images, etc.). The researcher discusses future applications of the study as well as the application of findings to assist in exploring judicial decision-making processes. This qualitative research may be beneficial to policy planners, practitioners, and sociologists in gaining insight into the complexity of the judges’ decision-making processes.
33
Prévost-Gella, Jérôme. "Le juge administratif français et les conflits de traités internationaux." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D065.
Full textAbstract:
Phénomène généralement oublié des études de contentieux administratifs, les conflits de traités internationaux n’en constituent pas moins une problématique juridique de taille pour le juge administratif, devant lequel ils semblent destinés à se multiplier. Ces conflits, souvent présentés comme particuliers, du fait de l’inapplicabilité prétendue des méthodes classiques de résolution des conflits de normes, posent au juge administratif un certain nombre de difficultés juridiques relatives tant à leur reconnaissance qu’à leur résolution. A la frontière de deux ordres juridiques, l’ordre juridique interne, par leur lieu de survenance, et l’ordre juridique international, par l’origine internationale des traités, les conflits de traités sont souvent appréhendés avec réticence par le juge administratif, ce qui se traduit par un régime juridique encore difficilement saisissable.La thèse entend offrir une clé de compréhension du traitement jurisprudentiel des conflits de traités par le juge administratif. Plus particulièrement, en s’attachant à distinguer les forces propres au droit interne des forces inhérentes au droit international, dans les solutions rendues, il s’agit de démontrer que les conflits de traités ne constituent pas un problème juridique de droit international, soumis par accident au juge administratif. Ce dernier, acteur de la reconnaissance et de la résolution des conflits de traités, a développé une jurisprudence, en la matière, relevant d’un équilibre complexe et fragile entre les logiques du droit interne et les logiques du droit international public au cœur de la singularité essentielle des conflits de traités devant le juge administratifAlthough conflicts between international treaties are generally a forgotten topic in administrative litigation studies, they constitute a major legal problem for the administrative judge, which are meant to increase. These conflicts, often considered as particular due to the alleged inapplicability of traditional resolving methods for conflicts of norms, raise a number of legal problems for the administrative judge concerning both their recognition and resolution. On the borderline between two legal systems, the internal legal system, owing to its place of occurrence, and an the other hand the international legal system, due to the international origin of treaties, conflicts between treaties are often deal with reluctance by the administrative judge. As a result, this leads to a legal regime still difficult to grasp.This thesis aims at offering a key to understand the treatment by the administrative judge of conflicts of treaties. It demonstrates, through the distinction of the inherent forces/strengths of domestic law on judicial decisions and those of international law, that the conflicts of treaties do not constitute a legal problem of international law, submitted by accident to the administrative judge. The latter, who is an actor in the recognition and resolution of treaty conflicts, has developed a precedent on this subject, resulting in a complex and fragile balance between the logics of domestic and international public law at the core of the essential singularity of the conflicts between treaties before submitted to the administrative judge
34
Feldner, Melissa L. "An examination of how gender stereotypes affect voters' perceptions of state Supreme Court candidates." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1131735219.
Full text
35
Hachem, Benjamin. "L'office du juge des référés en droit de l'urbanisme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32011.
Full textAbstract:
Sous l’ancien régime du sursis à exécution, l’urbanisme avait cristallisé l’impuissance de la juridiction administrative à prévenir les conséquences difficilement réversibles de certaines décisions administratives. Il en résultait que la crédibilité et la légitimité de cette dernière étaient remise en cause. Cette thèse vise à démontrer comment le législateur et la jurisprudence du Conseil d’Etat, en redéfinissant l’office du juge des référés, ont donné les moyens juridiques au juge administratif de répondre aux attentes légitimes des justiciables en matière d’urbanismeUnder the old regime of stay of execution the urbanism crystallised the incapacity of the administrative court to prevent consequences hardly reversible of few administrative decisions. This put directly into question the credibility and legitimacy of the latest. This thesis aims to demonstrate how the legislator and jurisprudence of the Conseil d'Etat, by redefining the role of the judge of chambers, have given the juridic means to the administrative judge to answer appropriately to the legitimate expectations from litigants in terms of urbanism
36
Teyssedre, Julie. "Le Conseil d'État, juge de droit commun du droit de l'Union européenne." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10010.
Full textAbstract:
À l'instar de ses homologues européens, le Conseil d'État a été érigé en juge de droit commun du droit de l'Union. L'exercice de cet office ne s'est pas fait sans heurts dès lors que le droit de l'Union européenne est venu défier certaines conceptions solidement enracinées dans la culture juridique nationale. Facteur de déstabilisation de l'office juridictionnel du Conseil d'État, l'ordre juridique de l'Union européenne s'est progressivement imposé comme le vecteur de sa modernisation et de la transformation de sa fonction juridictionnelle. La mise en œuvre de ce droit a conduit le Conseil d'État à se départir des dogmes juridiques auxquels il était profondément attaché et qui se trouvaient au cœur de son autolimitation. L'incidence de l'octroi de cet office juridictionnel se déploie au-delà de la stricte mise en œuvre des exigences mises à sa charge. Se matérialise, à l'échelle de l'Europe, l'émergence d'un espace européen partagé des juges qui se révèle être le berceau d'une circulation spontanée du droit. L'inscription du Conseil d'État en son sein participe inexorablement du processus d'enrichissement de son office en ce qu'il le conduit à s'ériger en acteur de l'édification d'un droit commun et du rapprochement de la justice administrative en EuropeLike its European counterparts, the French Council of State was established to judge ordinary law in the European Union. Carrying out this duty has resulted in some conflict, as European Union law goes against certain notions that are entrenched in the national legal culture. The European Union's legal system, which has been a destabilising factor in the Council of State’s judicial duties, has gradually become an essential vector for the Council's modernisation and the transformation of its judicial function. Implementing this law has led the Council of State to move away from the legal dogmas that were at the centre of its self-limitation, to which it was profoundly attached. The implications of granting this judicial duty go far beyond rigidly implementing the requirements under its responsibility. At European level, a European space shared between the courts is starting to emerge, and is revealing itself to be the origin of a spontaneous movement of law. The Council of State's inclusion within this space is inexorably contributing to the process of enhancing its function, as it has resulted in the Council establishing itself as a player in the construction of ordinary law and in the alignment with European administrative justice
37
Vu, Thi Thuy Van. "L'accès au juge en matière administrative au Vietnam." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40032/document.
Full textAbstract:
Il est fondamental, dans chaque système juridique, de pouvoir contester une décision prise par l'administration notamment dans un pays où celle-ci est omniprésente dans tous les domaines de la société. Dans la plupart des pays, cette contestation prend la forme d'un recours gracieux ou d'un recours juridictionnel. Jusqu'en 1996 au Vietnam, il existe seulement le recours gracieux devant l'Administration mais ce recours s'est révélé inefficace. Dès lors, l’ordonnance de 1996, suivi de deux amendements ont instauré pour la première fois le recours juridictionnel. Néanmoins, la compétence de la juridiction administrative demeure très restreinte, l’Administration conserve la compétence générale dans le règlement des conflits avec les administrés. Ainsi, le droit d'accès au juge n'est pas assuré car la plupart des requêtes introductives d’instance est rejetée faute de compétence du juge. Une récente loi en 2010 est de nouveau intervenu pour élargir la compétence de la juridiction administrative. Malgré la volonté du législateur, les nouvelles dispositions ne répondent pas encore à l'exigence de plus en plus forte de la société vietnamienne pour examiner des recours contre l’Administration devant un organe indépendant. Il est urgent de trouver un mécanisme qui permet d’assurer le droit d'accès au juge. Cette thèse aborde les problématiques relatives à l'introduction d'instance de premier ressort devant la juridiction administrative vietnamienne ; et à la lumière du droit français, elle apporte des propositions d’amélioration de la législation vietnamienne en la matièreContesting an administrative act is a fundamental right in every legal system. In Vietnam, it is possible to make an appeal for reconsideration but this process is not effective. Thus, in 1996, the Vietnamese legislator established, for the first time, a jurisdictional appeal. However, this appeal was very limited thereby rendering ineffective the right of access to administrative justice. The amendments of contentious rules in 1998 and 2006, and more recently the law on administrative procedures in 2010 (taken into effect as of 1st of July 2011) were issued with the aim of expanding the competence of administrative jurisdiction. Indeed, in the absence of the satisfaction of rules regarding competence and admissibility, the petition instituting proceedings can be rejected by the administrative judge. The right of access to justice is additionally prevented par gaps in the law on administrative procedures or the strict interpretations of the judge. Furthermore, the overlapping of rules may influence the rights of citizens. Although there are many administrative disputes, the new dispositions don’t meet the needs of Vietnamese society. This thesis addresses the issues regarding the registration of administrative lawsuits of Vietnam to give a vision to improve the law on administrative procedure in the light of the achievements of the French law
38
Gundogdu, Ismail. "The Ottoman Ulema Group And State Of Practicing." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610431/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, it is aimed to analyze the learned (ilmiye) group that was important part of the military class of the Ottoman Empire and the ilmiye group had three important members. They were judges (kadis), professors (müderrises) and muftis (mü
ftü
s) and they were analyzed from the beginning to the end of the career line as a dynamic process. Due to the vast nature of the subject, one needed to delimit the research in terms of time and space. In that regard, it was chosen the 18th century and the districts belonging to the Anatolian kazâ
skerlik (chief justice). Due also to the impossibility to cover the whole Ottoman eras of six hundred years, the eighteenth century was chosen, the period following the classical period and preceding the era of modernization. This was because the 18th century was the era when the classical institutions of the Ottoman Empire could no longer resist the forces of change. The extent of changes, which took place in this century, might constitute a topic for other researches. On the other hand, the need to delimit the area of research to the Anatolian chief justice (kazâ
skerlik) was a result of technical and methodological necessity.
39
Labatut, Tifany. "L’intervention du juge étatique avant un arbitrage commercial international, étude comparée : france – Etats-Unis." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0019.
Full textAbstract:
Le développement de l’arbitrage international s’inscrit de nos jours, comme l’un des modes alternatifs de règlement des conflits le plus utilisé. Sa nature hybride, à la fois contractuelle et juridictionnelle, en fait le mode privilégié du monde des affaires ; cet engouement pour l’arbitrage international, s’explique en ce que la mondialisation de l’économie et l’effacement progressif des frontières, ont obligé les acteurs du commerce, à résoudre les litiges avec efficacité et immédiateté ; chose que les juridictions étatiques ne sont pas à même de procurer dans la pratique, contrairement à l’arbitrage international, qui jouit d’une réputation favorable, en traitant les conflits qui lui sont confiés, avec célérité, efficacité et confidentialité. Reste une question : l’arbitrage international reçoit-il la-même acceptation selon tous les États ? Les études de droit comparé, démontrent à première vue, une réelle volonté d’harmonisation des dispositions entourant l’arbitrage afin d’en faire un mode totalement autonome des juridictions étatiques. Cependant, une analyse plus approfondie démontrera que cette volonté est relative, ce qui poussera le juge étatique à intervenir tout au long de la procédure arbitrale (avant, pendant, après) pour en faire « un auxiliaire indispensable de la justice arbitrale » . Cette intervention du juge étatique, sera néanmoins plus délicate dans la première phase de l’arbitrage (avant), en ce que dérivent de cette ingérence, la mise en œuvre ou non de l’arbitrage. Surviennent alors de nombreuses questions : est-ce que l’intervention du juge étatique contrevient à l’autonomie de l’arbitrage international ? Mais aussi, quelle est la nature de cette intervention : coercitive, d’assistance, de contrôle ? Cela met-il en péril l’autorité de l’arbitre-juge ? Est-ce que cette intervention du juge étatique peut être utilisée par les parties à des fins dilatoires? Tout l’enjeu de ces travaux sera de trouver des réponses à ces questions au travers une étude de droit comparée entre la France et les États-UnisSummary Nowadays, international arbitration is one of the most commonly used alternative forms of conflict resolution. Its hybrid nature, both contractual and jurisdictional, makes it the preferred mode of the business world ; this enthusiasm for international arbitration is shown in the fact that economic globalization and the gradual disappearance of borders have forced trading parties to resolve disputes with efficiency and immediacy, which state courts are unable to provide in practice ; this is in contrast to international arbitration, which has a favorable reputation in managing and resolving conflicts entrusted to it in a timely manner, efficiently and confidentially. Nevertheless, a question remains: does international arbitration have the same acceptance from all states? At first glance, studies in comparative law show a genuine desire to harmonize the provisions surrounding arbitration, so as to render it a totally autonomous mode of state jurisdiction. However, a more thorough analysis will show that this desire is relative, which will push the state judge to intervene throughout the arbitration process (before, during, after) to make it "an arbitral justiceÕs indispensable auxiliary ". However, this intervention by the state judge will be more delicate in the arbitrationÔs first phase, and the result will be its implementation or not. Then, a number of questions arise: does the intervention of the state judge violate the autonomy of international arbitration? But also, what is the nature of this intervention: coercive, assistance, control? Does this jeopardize the authority of the referee-judge? Can this intervention by the state court be used by the parties for delaying purposes? The challenge will be to find answers to these questions through a study of comparative law between France and the United States
40
Tascher, Maiwenn. "Les revirements de jurisprudence de la Cour de Cassation." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790014.
Full textAbstract:
L'évolution de la conception classique du rôle du juge de cassation a entraîné une remise en question des sources du droit. Alors qu'au XIXème siècle le juge était considéré comme un simple lecteur de la loi, aujourd'hui il trouve sa place au sein des sources du droit. Il en résulte que lorsqu'un revirement de jurisprudence intervient, il va venir modifier l'ordonnancement juridique en y intégrant une nouvelle règle de droit, une nouvelle règle jurisprudentielle. Si la plupart du temps le revirement de jurisprudence n'emporte pas de conséquences néfastes, il arrive que dans certains cas, la sécurité juridique soit mise à mal. Il en découle que le justiciable va se voir appliquer la nouvelle règle jurisprudentielle quelle que soit la date de réalisation de l'acte ou des faits en raison de la rétroactivité inhérente à ce type de décision, sans pouvoir s'en prémunir. Le juge de cassation, conscient de ce problème, a recours à certaines méthodes afin d'annoncer un futur revirement de jurisprudence mais également d'en limiter ses effets. Cependant, ces méthodes ne s'avèrent pas pleinement efficaces et il semble nécessaire de permettre au juge de cassation de moduler dans le temps certaines de ces décisions lorsque leurs conséquences néfastes surpassent les avantages attendus du revirement de jurisprudence.
41
Liu, Yue. "Autonomy of Chinese judges : dynamics of people's courts, the CCP and the public in contemporary judicial reform." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59828.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is the outcome of author’s observations and empirical research on judicial reform in China from the 1980s to 2015. Focusing on judicial decision making process of judges in Chinese courts, it attempts to answer the following questions: How do the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the public, and the internal administrative power—three factors essential to Chinese judges’ judicial decision making process— influence the adjudication of individual cases in various periods of judicial reform? How do the increasingly professionalized judges respond to these institutionalized challenges? Moreover, how do the dynamics generated from the interactions among courts, the CCP, and the public shape the norms and institutional building of judges and courts, and affect judicial reform policies in China? This dissertation adopts historical analysis, documentary analysis, and qualitative analysis to seek answers to these questions. It finds that, first, direct influence of the CCP and the public to the judicial behaviours of individual judges is less evident than indirect influence through the administrative oversight in courts’ internal bureaucracy. Second, the relationships between courts, the CCP, and the public are more dynamic in fragmented China. The norms of Chinese judges’ autonomy and institutional changes in courts are constantly shaped by the expectations and compromise of powers of the CCP, the public, and courts. Finally, building independent and professional judges in dependent courts without insulation from the external influences is not achievable by current Chinese judicial reform agenda.Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate
42
Hoch, Katrina. "Judicial transparency communication, democracy and the United States federal judiciary /." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3372690.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed October 13, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 375-400).
43
Covington, Ruth Ellen. "The Subjection of Authority and Death Through Humor: Carnivalesque, Incongruity, and Absurdism in Cormac McCarthy's Blood Meridian and No Country for Old Men." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4106.
Full textAbstract:
Cormac McCarthy's representation of the comic theories of the carnivalesque, incongruity, and absurdism by the antagonists of Blood Meridian and No Country for Old Men demonstrates the unique and ostensible power of humor over (or at least, its awareness of and reconciliation to the absurdity of) death; it also emphasizes the supreme power and influence of humor as a means for destroying other institutions and philosophies which claim knowledge or authority but fail to sustain individuals in times of crisis. This makes humor a formidable factor in determining and justifying the outcome of human interactions and in defining the strengths and limitations of McCarthy's antagonists.
44
Baillargeon, Johan. "La question prioritaire de constitutionnalité et le juge administratif." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1043.
Full textAbstract:
La question prioritaire de constitutionnalité constitue une véritable « révolution » en droit interne, tant au regard des institutions de l’ordre juridique français qu’au niveau de la protection constitutionnelle des droits fondamentaux des citoyens. Ce mécanisme novateur, permettant désormais au Conseil constitutionnel d’opérer un contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois a posteriori, ne peut toutefois fonctionner sans le concours des juridictions ordinaires qui s’érigent désormais en juges du filtre de la constitutionnalité. Or, en prenant le parti d’organiser une telle procédure, le constituant et le législateur organique ont invité officiellement le juge administratif à participer au contrôle de la constitutionnalité des lois. Au-delà de ce premier constat, que la thèse s’attache à étayer in concreto, l’entrée en vigueur de cette nouvelle voie de droit a entrainé une modernisation du droit tant au niveau juridictionnel qu’institutionnel. Celle-ci s’analyse comme la conséquence immédiate du processus de constitutionnalisation des diverses branches du droit qu’accroit de manière exponentielle l’utilisation quotidienne de la question prioritaire de constitutionnalité. Le droit du contentieux administratif, qui voit certaines de ses règles renouvelées sous l’effet de la nouvelle jurisprudence constitutionnelle affectant concomitamment l’office du juge administratif et plus globalement l’exercice de la justice administrative, montre que le juge administratif n’est pas seulement acteur de ce mécanisme mais aussi son sujetThe priority preliminary ruling on the issue of constitutionality is a real "revolution" in domestic law, both in terms of the institutions of the French legal system and at the level of constitutional protection of fundamental rights of citizens. This innovative mechanism, now allowing the Constitutional Council to reviewa posteriori the constitutionality of laws, however, can not function without the help of the ordinary courtswhich are now elevated as judges of the constitutional filter. Taking the party to organize such a procedure, the constituents and the legislator officially invited the administrative courts to participate in the review of the constitutionality of laws. Beyond this observation, which the thesis illustrates concretely, the entry in force of this new remedy has led to a modernization of the law both at the institutional and the jurisdictional levels.This is the immediate consequence of the process of constitutionalisation of the various branches of the law which the daily use of the priority question of constitutionality exponentially increases. The contentious rules before administrative courts, which are renewed under the influence of the new constitutional case law affecting simultaneously the powers of the administrative courts and more generally the exercise of administrative justice, shows the administrative courts are not only the participants of the process but also its subject matter
45
Roberts, Brandon Michael. "The Impact of Gender and Focal Concerns Theory on the Treatment of White-Collar Defendants by Federal Judges." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2875.
Full textAbstract:
Previous research found gender to be a primary consideration of judges in terms of actions towards defendants. Blameworthiness, the combined effect of criminal history, offense severity, and the defendant's role in the criminal event, is also known to impact judge's actions. Little, though, is known about how gender and blameworthiness, combined, may be related to judges' actions towards white-collar defendants. The purpose of this case study, therefore, was to explore whether defendant gender and blameworthiness impact judicial actions towards defendants charged with white-collar crime(s) in a federal district court of New York. The theoretical framework was Demuth and Steffensmeier's theory of focal concerns. Research questions focused on the impacts of defendants' gender and blameworthiness in general and with regard to bail and restitution decisions. Data consisted of published court case summaries for 1,162 criminal cases heard by the US District Court for the Southern District of New York between 2009 and 2015. These data were analyzed via an inductive coding process and then subjected to content analysis. Themes that emerged revealed that all facets of blameworthiness impacted restitution while only the seriousness of the offense impacted bail decisions. Further, gender was found to impact judge's actions in subtler ways than in prior research. For example, analysis revealed slight modifications in word choice in the case summaries that appeared to be connected to the gender of the defendant, particularly related to restitution decisions. The results of this study may be used to courts and Congress to enhance existing statutes and guidelines directed at decreasing the impact of gender and blameworthiness on defendants by the justice system.
46
Pollack, Samuel J. "The crown and judicial venality in the Parlement of Toulouse, c. 1490-1547." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:225316fd-9240-443f-b00f-ec6208171630.
Full textAbstract:
Notoriously, the French monarchy began to exchange judicial posts in its courts of law for cash to raise emergency funds in the early sixteenth century. The fact that all sorts of royal posts subsequently became venal or hereditary is a familiar aspect of ancien régime France, yet very little work exists on the genesis of this institution. This thesis traces the meanings, practices, and effects of 'venality' between 1490 and 1547. It does so by studying the relationship between the crown and the second most important law court of the kingdom, the Parlement of Toulouse. Traditional interpretations of office sale have tended to explain the phenomenon as a tale of royal hypocrisy, and have prioritised research on the Parlement of Paris. In contrast, this study argues that the study of a provincial court forces us to reconsider the chronology, techniques, and outcomes of early venality. A considerable amount of unexploited archival and printed material exists on office sale. By approaching it through the lens of legal culture, this thesis proposes an investigative model not only capable of explaining why venality emerged, but also why it was so vilified. Existing studies of office sale have tended to ignore legal talk and legislation as misleading or dissimulative. By paying particular attention to law and language, however, this study argues that the sale of judicial offices was a deeply ambiguous theme in the first half of the sixteenth-century that was open to constant interpretation. It was this very slipperiness that allowed a variety of actors to engage with it. Early office sale prolonged late medieval practices, but also heralded unprecedented changes, influencing the formation of the early-modern state. By studying the phenomenon, this thesis offers a rich and multifaceted picture of the relations and functioning of the crown and its tribunals.
47
Jouve, Denis. "Le juge national et le droit des aides d'Etat : étude de droit comparé franco-espagnol." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GREND001/document.
Full textAbstract:
L'étude comparée des jurisprudences françaises et espagnoles dans l'application du droit des aides d'État révèle que le juge national ne constitue pas un obstacle à l'effectivité du droit de l'Union européenne en ce domaine. Tant les juridictions espagnoles que leurs homologues françaises maîtrisent dorénavant les exigences du contrôle de légalité des aides d'État. En effet, elles ont pleinement assimilé leur double rôle de contrôle de la notification et d'interprétation de la notion d'aide. En revanche, les juridictions françaises et espagnoles tirent de manière incomplète les conséquences de l'illégalité d'une aide d'État. Elles veillent à garantir la suppression des aides illégales et à l'exécution des décisions de récupération de la Commission. Néanmoins, la pratique des mesures provisoires et l'engagement de la responsabilité de l'État, du fait de l'octroi d'aides illégales, demeurent faibles à cause d'une interprétation stricte des critères d'applicationThe comparative study of French and Spanish cases law for State aid enforcement reveals that national judge does not represent a hurdle to European Union law effectiveness in this field. Spanish courts and French courts now master effectiveness of State aid control. Indeed, they have fully understood their double task consisting in the notification control and the interpretation of State aid notion. However, French and Spanish courts incompletely draw consequences of an unlawful State aid. They make sure to guarantee the enforcement of illegal State aids cancellations and the implementation of Commission decisions ordering recovery. Nevertheless, interim measures practice and State liability due to the granting of illegal aids remains low because of a strict interpretation of application criteria
48
Dalto, Marzia. "Le juge constitutionnel colombien vis-à-vis du déplacement forcé." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839214.
Full textAbstract:
Cette recherche espère apporter quelques éléments nouveaux à la réflexion critique sur les migrations forcées intra-muros. Ce phénomène a été défini par la Cour Constitutionnelle comme une émergence sociale, et, par la littérature internationale et nationale, comme un problème des droits de l'homme et de droit international humanitaire. Notre étude concerne le rôle de la Cour Constitutionnelle face au déplacement colombien en tant que régulatrice des politiques publiques: il s'agit de démontrer que le juge constitutionnel colombien joue un rôle sui-generis, par rapport au traditionnel travail mis en place par le juge constitutionnel dans les systèmes de Western Legal Tradition. L'idée principale de ce travail est celle de souligner son hyper activisme, dans le cadre d'une démocratie qui fait face à un conflit armé interne. Cette compétence, qui avec le temps s'est consolidée dans la pratique constitutionnelle colombienne, peut être expliquée au travers du manque de volonté politique des autres pouvoirs de l'Etat pour mettre en place des politiques publiques dans certains domaines, davantage dans le domaine économique que dans celui des droits sociaux. Cette expérience pourrait envisager une nouvelle conception de démocratie à niveau global, dans laquelle la Cour Constitutionnelle fait pression sur les autres pouvoirs publics afin d'avancer, de facto, sur le plan de la protection des droits fondamentaux des victimes des violations des droits, et pourrait être un modèle pour d'autres pays qui vivent le drame du déplacement forcé.
49
Hilly, Laura Ellen. "Experienced justice : gender, judging and appellate courts." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d3f64853-898a-4c01-a17e-819d6a095f52.
Full textAbstract:
The under-representation of women in the senior appellate judiciary in common law jurisdictions remains an enduring problem. Much has been written about the lack of women’s participation in the judiciary and what strategies, if any, should be undertaken in order to resolve this persistent problem. However, this thesis takes a step back to ask a broader question: what impact does gender diversity have upon judicial decision making in appellate courts? It seeks to answer this question by engaging feminist standpoint theory to assess the experiences of men and women judges from three common law jurisdictions: England, South Africa and Australia. Through a series of interviews conducted with members of the senior judiciary in these jurisdictions in 2012 and 2013, this thesis explores the extent that interviewees consider that gendered experiences impact upon their own judging, and judging within the dynamics of collegiate appellate courts. This thesis concludes that while it is not possible to pinpoint one particular ‘contribution’ or ‘impact’ that gendered experiences have upon judging, it is nonetheless generally considered by those interviewed to be an important part of the judicial decision making process in several subtle, yet important, ways. Because of the considerable role that diverse gendered experiences play in judicial decision making, appointments processes should be sensitised to the need for diversity of experience and alive to the danger of ostensibly neutral appointment criteria devaluing diverse experiences, particularly the experiences of women in the law.
50
Thomlison, Riley. "Judicial Campaigns and Expensive Litigation; The Evolution of the Civil Justice System." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/501.
Full textAbstract:
The partisan election of state judges and costly litigation make the civil justice system in the United States vulnerable because they undermine the values upon which the system was founded. The public’s trust that courts administer justice fairly and impartially is questioned by partisan elections funded by large corporations. Moreover, with the advent of electronically stored information, and the market’s control over the price of legal resources, access to the civil justice system is limited by wealth. This thesis seeks to address these problems and analyze the solutions that are most effective and comprehensive.