Academic literature on the topic 'Couplage spatial'

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Journal articles on the topic "Couplage spatial"

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Traoré, Amidou, Okana S. Sougué, Yacouba Simporé, and Oumar Traoré. "Null Controllability of a Nonlinear Age Structured Model for a Two-Sex Population." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2021 (March 28, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6666942.

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This paper is devoted to study the null controllability properties of a nonlinear age and two-sex population dynamics structured model without spatial structure. Here, the nonlinearity and the couplage are at the birth level. In this work, we consider two cases of null controllability problem. The first problem is related to the extinction of male and female subpopulation density. The second case concerns the null controllability of male or female subpopulation individuals. In both cases, if A is the maximal age, a time interval of duration A after the extinction of males or females, one must
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Chen, Shuo, Weihang Liu, Puyu Feng, Tao Ye, Yuchi Ma, and Zhou Zhang. "Improving Spatial Disaggregation of Crop Yield by Incorporating Machine Learning with Multisource Data: A Case Study of Chinese Maize Yield." Remote Sensing 14, no. 10 (2022): 2340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14102340.

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Spatially explicit crop yield datasets with continuous long-term series are essential for understanding the spatiotemporal variation of crop yield and the impact of climate change on it. There are several spatial disaggregation methods to generate gridded yield maps, but these either use an oversimplified approach with only a couple of ancillary data or an overly complex approach with limited flexibility and scalability. This study developed a spatial disaggregation method using improved spatial weights generated from machine learning. When applied to Chinese maize yield, extreme gradient boos
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Alves, M. C., L. G. Carvalho, and M. S. Oliveira. "Terrestrial Earth couple climate–carbon spatial variability and uncertainty." Global and Planetary Change 111 (December 2013): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2013.08.009.

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White, Corey T., Helena Mitasova, Todd K. BenDor, et al. "Spatially Explicit Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping for Participatory Modeling of Stormwater Management." Land 10, no. 11 (2021): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10111114.

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Addressing “wicked” problems like urban stormwater management necessitates building shared understanding among diverse stakeholders with the influence to enact solutions cooperatively. Fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) are participatory modeling tools that enable diverse stakeholders to articulate the components of a socio-environmental system (SES) and describe their interactions. However, the spatial scale of an FCM is rarely explicitly considered, despite the influence of spatial scale on SES. We developed a technique to couple FCMs with spatially explicit survey data to connect stakeholder conce
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Nikolaeva, O. V. "Surface albedo retrieval based on high spatial resolution data." Computer Optics 46, no. 3 (2022): 406–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-co-1046.

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The paper aims to compare the accuracy of three methods of solving the atmospheric correction problem for a Lambertian surface using high spatial resolution remotely sensed data. Three couples of formulas are presented. Each couple contains a formula for expressing the reflectance in a target pixel at the upper boundary of the atmosphere via albedo in target and adjacent pixels of the surface and a formula for the surface albedo in a target pixel via reflectances. The derivation of each couple of formulas is given. Derivation conditions are presented. Formulas of only one couple are found by s
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Vishnupriya, B. A., N. Senthamarai, and S. Bharathi. "Efficient NN Spatial Keyword Search Using Spatial Inverted (SI) Index." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.19 (2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.19.12101.

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"Spatial information mining", or learning revelation in spatial database, alludes to the illustration out of concealed information, spatial relations, or different examples that are not unequivocally put away in spatial databases. To get to the spatial database alongside the catchphrase another kind of inquiry called spatial watchword question is utilized. A spatial watchword inquiry get client area and client given catchphrases as contentions and gives web protests that are spatially and literarily material to these information. The current answers for such inquiries depend on IR2-tree that h
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Alam, Bhuiyan Monwar, Jeanette Eckert, and Peter S. Lindquist. "A Reflection on the Ph.D. Program in Spatially Integrated Social Science at the University of Toledo." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 3, no. 2 (2012): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jagr.2012040105.

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The use of spatial analysis tools is on the rise in many academic fields and practical applications. These tools enhance the ability to examine data from spatial perspectives. Though the study of place and space has traditionally been the domain of the field of geography, growing numbers of researchers are turning to these tools in the social sciences and beyond. The University of Toledo has established a unique Ph.D. granting program to encompass the theories, tools, and applications of spatially integrated social science. In the first couple of years of its inception the program has attracte
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WANG, XING-YUAN, TIAN WANG, DA-HAI XU, and FENG CHEN. "A SELECTIVE IMAGE ENCRYPTION BASED ON COUPLE SPATIAL CHAOTIC SYSTEMS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 28, no. 06 (2014): 1450023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979214500234.

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In this paper, we present a selective image encryption system based on couple spatial chaotic systems, the cascade one-dimensional Logistic map and high-dimensional spatial chaotic system has been used to generate the adequate encryption sequence, then the selective gray-level image encryption is implemented with the sequence, which can greatly improve the encryption performance and efficiency. In addition, we also adopt an index array to control the generation of the secret key, a completely different cipher text will be obtained if a pixel's value is altered in the original image, which can
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Yang, Chengdong, Jianlong Qiu, Kejia Yi, et al. "Robust Exponential Synchronization for a Class of Master-Slave Distributed Parameter Systems with Spatially Variable Coefficients and Nonlinear Perturbation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/380903.

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This paper addresses the exponential synchronization problem of a class of master-slave distributed parameter systems (DPSs) with spatially variable coefficients and spatiotemporally variable nonlinear perturbation, modeled by a couple of semilinear parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs). With a locally Lipschitz constraint, the perturbation is a continuous function of time, space, and system state. Firstly, a sufficient condition for the robust exponential synchronization of the unforced semilinear master-slave PDE systems is investigated for all admissible nonlinear perturbations. S
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Blair, Hugh T., Allan Wu, and Jason Cong. "Oscillatory neurocomputing with ring attractors: a network architecture for mapping locations in space onto patterns of neural synchrony." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1635 (2014): 20120526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0526.

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Theories of neural coding seek to explain how states of the world are mapped onto states of the brain. Here, we compare how an animal's location in space can be encoded by two different kinds of brain states: population vectors stored by patterns of neural firing rates, versus synchronization vectors stored by patterns of synchrony among neural oscillators. It has previously been shown that a population code stored by spatially tuned ‘grid cells’ can exhibit desirable properties such as high storage capacity and strong fault tolerance; here it is shown that similar properties are attainable wi
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Couplage spatial"

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Emidio, Fernando. "Analysis of multidimensional radiating structures by the spatial Fourier transform and computational electromagnetics." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STET4011.

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Ce manuscrit présente les travaux de recherche qui concernent l'analyse et la synthèse de structures rayonnantes multidimensionnelles en utilisant une approche qui combine méthode des moments et la transformée de Fourier spatiale. La distribution source (courant électrique) et le diagramme de rayonnement sont liées par la transformée de Fourier spatiale - la théorie de la Relation de Fourier (FR). La distribution des courants est déterminée en utilisant une méthode d'analyse en électromagnétisme (EM), à savoir la Méthode des Moments (MoM). Des travaux antérieurs utilisant la théorie FR ont été
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Castiñeiras, Carina. "Modeling and characterization of mode coupling in next generation of few mode optical fibers." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R030.

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Les fibres optiques légèrement multimodes (FMF) sont une classe de fibres optiques multimodes. Dans le domaine de la télécommunication, chaque mode d’une FMF peut être utilisé comme un canal indépendant de transmission, ainsi, des débits bien supérieurs aux fibres optiques conventionnelles pourrait être atteint. Cependant, l'un des problèmes à l'utilisation de ce type de fibre est le couplage de mode et la dispersion de mode qui dégradent les performances de transmission. Cette thèse entre dans le cadre de l’étude du couplage de mode de différents profils de fibre. Ce travail se décompose en d
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Guerrero, Olivier. "Comparaison et couplage de méthodes géophysiques pour l'amélioration des reconnaissances des sols dans les projets géotechniques en milieu périurbain." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0137/document.

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Dans le cadre d’un projet d’aménagement, la reconnaissance du sous-sol est une étape prépondérante pour la construction d’un bâtiment. Le géotechnicien se doit de définir le comportement mécanique des sols à partir d’un nombre limité de sondages. La problématique soulevée par les prospections géotechniques est qu’il est difficile d’une part d’étendre une information ponctuelle dans l’environnement proche des sondages, et d’autre part d’estimer la variabilité latérale des matériaux. Dans cette optique, cette thèse développe une approche novatrice de combinaison de méthodes géophysiques aidant à
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Hassoumi, Inès. "Approche multi-agents de couplage de modèles pour la modélisation des systèmes complexes spatiaux : application à l'aménagement urbain de la ville de Métouia." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066031/document.

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Dans ce travail, nous présentons une approche de couplage de modèles orientée agent pour la modélisation des systèmes complexes spatiaux. L’idée principale est d’utiliser l’espace comme medium d’interaction entre les modèles à coupler pour leur permettre de coexister et d’interagir conformément à un ensemble de règles qui régissent ces interactions. En jouant le rôle de facteur de couplage, l’espace permet aux agents chargés du couplage d’échanger des données et nous permet d’observer les résultats concrets du couplage des différents modèles constituant le système complexe spatial étudié. Cett
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Nuns, Thierry. "Étude du comportement des capteurs d'images CCD commerciaux en ambiance spatiale." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ESAE0009.

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Nous avons étudié le comportement de capteurs d'images CCD commerciaux sous contrainte radiative spatiale. L'objectif est de comparer la dégradation des paramètres sensibles de ces composants à celle observée sur des CCD durcis. Il apparaît que la densité de courant d'obscurité des CCD commerciaux est sensible à la dose cumulée. Pour des doses jusqu'à 200 Gy(Si), il s'agit même de la principale source de dégradation des capteurs. La charge d'oxyde est en grande partie responsable de ce comportement, comme le montre la guérison partielle du courant d'obscurité lors d'un recuit à 100°C. Il est m
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Hassoumi, Inès. "Approche multi-agents de couplage de modèles pour la modélisation des systèmes complexes spatiaux : application à l'aménagement urbain de la ville de Métouia." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066031.pdf.

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Dans ce travail, nous présentons une approche de couplage de modèles orientée agent pour la modélisation des systèmes complexes spatiaux. L’idée principale est d’utiliser l’espace comme medium d’interaction entre les modèles à coupler pour leur permettre de coexister et d’interagir conformément à un ensemble de règles qui régissent ces interactions. En jouant le rôle de facteur de couplage, l’espace permet aux agents chargés du couplage d’échanger des données et nous permet d’observer les résultats concrets du couplage des différents modèles constituant le système complexe spatial étudié. Cett
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Tandjè, Sourou Hugues Arsène. "Conception et caractérisation de fibres optiques à modes à moment angulaire orbital." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R032/document.

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Les fibres optiques (qu’elles soient à saut ou à gradient d'indice) sont largement utilisées pour les liaisons longue (intercontinentale, dorsale optique terrestre) et courte portée (centre de données, réseau d'accès). Certaines fibres, appelées fibres optiques de spécialité, jouent également un rôle important dans d'autres domaines telles que la médecine (endoscopie par exemple), les capteurs, les applications au laser, etc. La multiplication constante des services Internet combinée à la croissance du nombre d'utilisateurs rend nécessaire l'augmentation de la capacité actuelle des réseaux à f
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Nicolas, Judith. "On the link between saccadic adaptation and visuospatial attention." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1024/document.

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L’attention et l’Adaptation Saccadique (AS) sont des composants essentiels de la perception visuelle, le premier renforce le traitement sensoriel des items sélectionnés, le second maintient la précision des mouvements des yeux vers ceux-ci. Ils partagent aussi une dichotomie : les saccades volontaires et l’orientation endogène de l’attention suivent nos buts internes tandis que les saccades réactives et l’orientation exogène répondent aux changements soudains dans l’espace visuel. Leurs substrats neuronaux se superposent en partie. Enfin, chacun impacte l’autre au niveau comportemental. Ce tra
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Gallet, Valentin. "Dispositifs expérimentaux pour la caractérisation spatio-temporelle de chaines laser femtosecondes haute-puissance." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112189/document.

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Un des avantages des lasers femtosecondes de haute puissance (TW-PW) est de pouvoir obtenir, au foyer d'une optique focalisante, des intensités très élevées atteignant jusqu'à 10^22W.cm^-2 soit un champ électrique de 2.7 PV.m^-1. Pour cela, ces chaînes lasers délivrent nécessairement des faisceaux de grands diamètres (jusqu'à 40 cm) et des impulsions très courtes (de l'ordre de la dizaine de femtosecondes). En conséquence, les propriétés spatiales et temporelles de l'impulsion ne sont généralement pas indépendantes. Ce type de dépendance, appelée couplage spatio-temporel, a pour conséquence d'
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Cornus, Sabine. "Un couplage perception-mouvement dans un enjambement d'obstacle." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX22066.

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Cette etude questionne l'information necessaire au controle des approches locomotrices et les mecanismes de controle sous-jacents. Dans l'approche ecologique, la perception est en etroite relation avec le mouvement : le mouvement du sujet et/ou de l'environnement genere un flux optique porteur d'informations que le sujet utilise pour controler l'action (gibson, 1979/1986). Sur la base d'un tel couplage perception-mouvement, warren (1988) suggere que percevoir l'information specifique a une action donnee, c'est percevoir non seulement le comportement permis par cette action (i. E. , l'affordanc
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Books on the topic "Couplage spatial"

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McGuiness, C. L., R. K. Smith, M. E. Anderson, P. S. Weiss, and D. L. Allara. Nanolithography using molecular films and processing. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533060.013.23.

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This article focuses on the use of molecular films as building blocks for nanolithography. More specifically, it reviews efforts aimed at utilizing organic molecular assemblies in overcoming the limitations of lithography, including self-patterning and directed patterning. It considers the methods of patterning self-assembled organic monolayer films through soft-lithographic methods such as microcontact printing and nanoimprint lithography, through direct ‘write’ or ‘machine’ processes with a nanometer-sized tip and through exposure to electron or photon beams. It also discusses efforts to pat
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Jha, Sadan, Dev Nath Pathak, and Amiya Kumar Das, eds. Neighbourhoods in Urban India. BLOOMSBURY INDIA Bloomsbury Publishing India Pvt. Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9789390252695.

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‘…a brilliant exploration of urbanism between the concept city and the lived city.… The volume focuses on urban life lived between home and the world, institutions and experiences, representations and affects…. Its fascinating range of empirically rich and analytically sophisticated excavations of neighbourhoods make the volume a must-have in the bookshelf on South Asian urban studies.’ –Gyan Prakash, Princeton University ‘A must-read for those who wish to study the micro aspects of contemporary urbanity.’ –Sujata Patel, Savitribai Phule Pune University ‘This book is a powerful addition to the
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Book chapters on the topic "Couplage spatial"

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Lang, Thilo. "Urban Resilience and New Institutional Theory – A Happy Couple for Urban and Regional Studies?" In German Annual of Spatial Research and Policy 2010. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12785-4_2.

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Castillo-Santiago, Miguel Ángel, Edith Mondragón-Vázquez, and Roberto Domínguez-Vera. "Sample Data for Thematic Accuracy Assessment in QGIS." In Land Use Cover Datasets and Validation Tools. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90998-7_6.

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AbstractWe present an approach that is widely used in the field of remote sensing for the validation of single LUC maps. Unlike other chapters in this book, where maps are validated by comparison with other maps with better resolution and/or quality, this approach requires a ground sample dataset, i.e. a set of sites where LUC can be observed in the field or interpreted from high-resolution imagery. Map error is assessed using techniques based on statistical sampling. In general terms, in this approach, the accuracy of single LUC maps is assessed by comparing the thematic map against the reference data and measuring the agreement between the two. When assessing thematic accuracy, three stages can be identified: the design of the sample, the design of the response, and the estimation and analysis protocols. Sample design refers to the protocols used to define the characteristics of the sampling sites, including sample size and distribution, which can be random or systematic. Response design involves establishing the characteristics of the reference data, such as the size of the spatial assessment units, the sources from which the reference data will be obtained, and the criteria for assigning labels to spatial units. Finally, the estimation and analysis protocols include the procedures applied to the reference data to calculate accuracy indices, such as user’s and producer’s accuracy, the estimated areas covered by each category and their respective confidence intervals. This chapter has two sections in which we present a couple of exercises relating to sampling and response design; the sample size will be calculated, the distribution of sampling sites will be obtained using a stratified random scheme, and finally, a set of reference data will be obtained by photointerpretation at the sampling sites (spatial units). The accuracy statistics will be calculated later in Sect. 5 in chapter “Metrics Based on a Cross-Tabulation Matrix to Validate Land Use Cover Maps” as part of the cross-tabulation exercises. The exercises in this chapter use fine-scale LUC maps obtained for the municipality of Marqués de Comillas in Chiapas, Mexico.
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Ramkrishna and Rajveer S. Yaduvanshi. "BWDS-Based Spatially Dabble Couple Horizontal-Vertical 4-Port PIPO DRA with Poly-Pattern Diversity." In Modern Electronics Devices and Communication Systems. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6383-4_15.

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Takabe, Hideaki. "Basic Properties of Plasma in Fluid Model." In Springer Series in Plasma Science and Technology. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45473-8_2.

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AbstractIf the spatial variation of plasma is longer than the particle mean free path and the time variation is sufficiently longer than the plasma Coulomb collision time, the plasma can be approximated as being in local thermal equilibrium (LTE) at any point (t, r). Then the velocity distribution functions of the particles become Maxwellian. In addition, assuming Maxwellian is also a good assumption in many cases even for collisionless plasmas such as high-temperature fusion plasmas. In the fluid model of plasmas, The plasmas can be described in terms of five variables characterizing local Maxwellian: the density n(t, r), flow velocity vector u(t,r), and temperature T(t, r). So, the mathematics used in fluid physics is widely applicable to studying plasma phenomena.Although conventional fluids are neutral, plasma fluids of electrons and ions couple with electromagnetic fields. It is, therefore, necessary to solve Maxwell’s equations simultaneously. It is also possible to approximate electrons and ions as two different fluids or as a single fluid in case-by-case. This requires an insight into what kind of physics is important in our problem.After reviewing the basic equation of fluids, several fluid models for plasmas are shown. Especially, a variety of waves appears because of charged particle fluids are derived to know why waves are fundamental to knowing the plasma dynamics. The mathematical method to obtain the wave solutions as an initial value problem is explained as well as the meaning of the resultant dispersion relations.Magneto-hydrodynamic equations (MHD) are derived to explain the effects of the Biermann battery, magnetic dynamo, etc. The relationship of magnetic field and vortex flow is studied. Resistive MHD is derived including the Nernst effect, which becomes important for the magnetic field in strong electron heat flux.Finally, electromagnetic (EM) waves in magnetized plasmas are derived to see how to use for diagnostics in the laboratory and observation of wide range of electromagnetic waves from the Universe.
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Obara, Samuel, and Jake L. Hammons. "Visual Discrimination: Spatial Reasoning Activity for Enhancing Children’s Spatial Skills." In Active Learning - Research and Practice for STEAM and Social Sciences Education. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106189.

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Children can connect with and grasp complex geometric concepts when we harness and integrate spatial thinking into learning situations. In this chapter, we’ll look at a couple warm-ups and a few classroom exercises that show how thoughtful resources and unique geometry assignments may help students enhance their understanding in the complex context of the K-12 classroom. Throughout the class, students used a number of spatial abilities, such as visualization and mental rotations, while building and working with polyominoes.
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Alam, Bhuiyan Monwar, Jeanette Eckert, and Peter S. Lindquist. "A Reflection on the Ph.D. Program in Spatially Integrated Social Science at the University of Toledo." In Geographic Information Systems. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2038-4.ch083.

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The use of spatial analysis tools is on the rise in many academic fields and practical applications. These tools enhance the ability to examine data from spatial perspectives. Though the study of place and space has traditionally been the domain of the field of geography, growing numbers of researchers are turning to these tools in the social sciences and beyond. The University of Toledo has established a unique Ph.D. granting program to encompass the theories, tools, and applications of spatially integrated social science. In the first couple of years of its inception the program has attracted students from different places and diverse backgrounds. It is expected that the program will continue to thrive in attracting diverse students, securing external grants, and positively impacting on the economy of Northwest Ohio. This paper is a personal reflection of the views of the authors on the Ph.D. program in Spatially Integrated Social Science at the University of Toledo two years after its inception in fall 2009. The views, by no means, are of the University of Toledo, its SISS program, or any of the participating departments and faculty members.
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VIGNY, Christophe, and Emilie KLEIN. "Cycle sismique de la subduction chilienne : méga-séismes, gap sismique et couplage." In Le cycle sismique. ISTE Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9038.ch5.

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Le Chili est un pays sismique. A cause de la convergence rapide entre deux grandes plaques tectoniques, beaucoup de séismes s’y produisent. En moyenne une fois par décennie l’un d’entre eux dépasse la magnitude 8. Les segments susceptibles de produire ces grands séismes sont révélés par la mesure précise de la déformation de la surface terrestre au moyen de la géodésie spatiale.
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Lemon, Robert. "The Spatial Practices of Food Trucks." In Food Trucks, Cultural Identity, and Social Justice. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262036573.003.0009.

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There is a profusion of food trucks roaming the streets in the United States that cater to a variety of people. In this paper I argue that food truck types can be defined through their mobility practices. To this end, I present an original framework for food studies through the exploration of spatial practices. I then empirically evaluate a mixed ethnic couple that owns and operates a taco truck and the ways in which they navigate the Latino and Anglo landscapes of Columbus, Ohio. Their practices make evident the city’s uneven social terrain and how aspects of social injustice sculpt the city’s cultural contours. I conclude by considering what social justice means for taco truck operators and their Mexican clientele.
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Gray, John S., and Michael Elliott. "Spatial variations in sediment systems." In Ecology of Marine Sediments. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198569015.003.0010.

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In this chapter the primary emphasis is on spatial scales of disturbances, and we will follow on from our earlier discussions on the mechanisms of competition and predation and the controversy over their importance in controlling species richness. Huston (1994) realized that the effects of competition, predation, and general physical disturbance were similar in that individuals were removed from the assemblage. We now show that there is a need to link these aspects with the tolerances of individual species, for example to determine in which of these cases the organisms are absent because the conditions now fall outside the optimal tolerance ranges. Thus we discuss disturbance as a general phenomenon which includes the effects of any processes that lead to a reduction in numbers of individuals and/or biomass. Disturbance includes physical disturbance as well as biological processes such as the effects of competition and predation on assemblages. The spatial scales covered range from micrometres to many hundreds of kilometres for the effects of bottom trawling, which is now considered to be one of the most serious and damaging threats to sediment habitats and assemblages. Disturbance effects caused by trawling and by pollution are considered in the following chapters. First, it is necessary to consider scale since many new insights have developed in the past few years of research. In the past couple of decades a new branch of ecology, landscape ecology, has developed, devoted to considering patterns over large areas, and a terminology of spatial scales has been defined. Grain is the first level of spatial resolution; it relates to the individual data unit and can be described as fine-grained to coarse-grained. Extent refers to the overall size of the study area. A map of 100 km2 and one of 100 000 km2 differ in extent by a factor of 1000. Grain and extent are illustrated in Fig. 6.1. A third component is lag, which is the betweensample distance. Figure 6.2 summarizes temporal and spatial scales of disturbances (modified from Zajac et al. 1998). The figure shows the main types of disturbances affecting soft-sediment systems, and separates them into natural and anthropogenic effects (see also Chapter 11, which indicates some of the management responses to these effects).
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Kahime, Kholoud, Moulay Abdelmonaim El Hidan, Denis Sereno, et al. "Climatic Factors Impacting Leishmaniasis Risk in a Global View." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7775-1.ch018.

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Leishmaniasis is a complex disease comprised of multiple organisms in association. Each of these organisms responds differently to external factors. The environmental and socio-economic associations contribute to the dynamics and emergence of leishmaniasis across the globe. Ecological dynamics of the vector-parasite-host system of leishmaniasis influenced directly and indirectly both human and animal health. The transitions and rapid climate and socio-economic changes caused a transition of emergence and re-emergence of leishmaniasis outbreaks. The pattern of changes is influenced by the distribution and abundance as well as the spatial dynamics of vector and reservoirs species, which in turn disrupts ecosystem structure of vector and parasite. In Morocco, leishmaniasis are endemic and constitute a major public health threat. The observations showed significant variations in its spatial distribution and forms through Morocco with increase in the number of recorded cases during the last couple of years. Here, the authors discuss disease change related to climate and socio-economic influence.
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Conference papers on the topic "Couplage spatial"

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Chen, C. W., K. Y. Han, R. Iyer, et al. "Insulated-Gate MQW Structures on InGaAs/InP for Discrete Optical Modulators and CCD Addressed SLMs." In Spatial Light Modulators and Applications. Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/slma.1990.ma2.

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Optoelectronic effects in MQW structures, for optical modulators and switches, have attracted wide interest because of their potential applications in high speed signal processing(1). Due to the Quantum Confined Stark effect, a red shift of the absorption edge is expected in such quantum well devices in the presence of an orthogonally applied electric field. This mechanism presents the possibility of high speed electrically and optically addressed switches compatible with semiconductor processing technology(2). In addition to discrete devices, GaAs based MQW SLMs with Charge Couple Device (CCD
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Dulou, Cyril, Vincent Rey, and Max Belzons. "Etude expérimentale de l'évolution spatio-temporelle du couplage onde-fond sédimentaire en zone de déferlement." In Journées Nationales Génie Côtier - Génie Civil. Editions Paralia, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5150/jngcgc.2000.012-d.

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Trillo, S., and G. Cappellini. "Spatial Instability and Bifurcations in the Nonlinear Third-Order Three-Wave Mixing Interaction in Single-Mode Fibers." In Nonlinear Dynamics in Optical Systems. Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nldos.1990.dmmpcps466.

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When pump depletion is fully taken into account the nonlinear parametric interaction of an intense central frequency wave with a couple of Stokes and antiStokes frequency-shifted waves in a single-mode optical fiber exhibits bifurcations of spatial eigensolutions and spatial instabilities. Potential applications of such instability are discussed.
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Willeke, Leonard, David Schneider, and Benjamin Uekermann. "A preCICE-FMI Runner to Couple FMUs to PDE-Based Simulations." In 15th International Modelica Conference 2023, Aachen, October 9-11. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp204479.

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Partitioned simulation or co-simulation allows simulating complex systems by breaking them up into smaller subsystems. The Functional Mock-Up Interface (FMI) enables co-simulation for models based on ODEs and DAEs, but typically not PDEs. However, only PDE-based models are able to accurately simulate physical aspects requiring spatial resolution, such as heat transfer or fluid-structure interaction. We present a preCICE-FMI runner software to integrate FMUs with the open-source coupling library preCICE. preCICE couples PDE-based simulation programs, such as OpenFOAM or FEniCS, in a black-box f
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Huang, Shuguang, and Joseph M. Schimmels. "The Degree of Translational-Rotational Coupling of a Spatial Stiffness." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0108.

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Abstract Previously, we have shown that, to realize an arbitrary spatial stiffness matrix, spring components that couple the translational and rotational behavior along/about an axis are required. We showed that, 3 such coupled components and 3 uncoupled components are sufficient to realize any full-rank spatial stiffness matrix and that for some spatial stiffness matrices 3 coupled components are necessary. In this paper, we show how to identify the minimum number of components that provide translational-rotational coupling required to realize an arbitrarily specified spatial stiffness matrix
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Fried, Nathaniel, and Avik Dutt. "Enhanced Control of Intermodal Coupling in Photonic Waveguides." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2023.jw2a.62.

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We introduce a rigorous first-principles methodology to simultaneously couple multiple transverse spatial modes of multimode waveguides with arbitrary amplitudes/phases and show techniques to suppress undesired crosstalk arising from nonideal nonlinear effects by ~20 dB.
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Huang, Shuguang, and Joseph M. Schimmels. "Spatial Compliances Achieved With Serial Elastic Mechanisms." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2392.

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Abstract Previously, the structure of a spatial stiffness matrix and its realization using a parallel elastic system have been addressed. This paper extends those results to the analysis and realization of a spatial compliance matrix using a serial mechanism. We show that, a spatial compliance matrix can be decomposed into a set of rank-1 primitive matrices, each of which can be realized with an elastic joint in a serial mechanism. To realize a general spatial compliance, the serial mechanism must contain joints that couple the translational and rotational motion along/about an axis. The struc
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Jim Moharam, M. G. "Diffraction Analysis of Multiplexed Holographie Gratings." In Holography. Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/holography.1986.tud2.

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Optical diffraction by periodic structures are of increasing importance in an expanding variety of engineering applications [1]. Diffraction of electromagnetic waves by spatially periodic media has been analyzed by numerous authors over the last fifty years [1]. In almost all previous analyses, only diffractive structure with one single grating (and its harmonics) were considered. Recent applications for holographic optical elements include associative storage, optical computing, multiple holographic storage, beam coding, multiple beam generation and combining, multi-color displays, multi-colo
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Richard, Robert E., John A. Rule, and Robert L. Clark. "Genetic Spatial Optimization of Active Elements on an Aeroelastic Delta Wing." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1708.

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Abstract Reduced-order models of potential-flow aerodynamics have been developed and greatly facilitate the analysis and design of aeroelastic systems in the early design phase. Models capturing 95% of the physics with 8% of the modeling effort can be realized to evaluate various active and passive design considerations. A delta wing model has been developed to determine the most effective locations and shapes for transducers required to provide flutter control. The basic design philosophy is presented based upon an analytical model of the structure. A genetic algorithm was used to determine t
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González-Palacios, Max A., and Jorge Angeles. "The Design of a Novel Mechanical Transmission for Speed Reduction." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/mech-5816.

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Abstract The design of a novel transmission for speed reduction is reported in this paper. The transmission is based on the layout of pure-rolling indexing cam mechanisms, and hence, eliminates backlash and friction, which are the main drawbacks of gear transmissions. The design relies on a unified methodology for indexing cam mechanisms, whereby the same procedure is used to design planar, spherical, and spatial mechanisms. Two versions of the speed reducer, that we term Speed-o-Cam, are described here, namely, planar, to couple shafts of parallel axes, and spherical, to couple shafts of inte
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Reports on the topic "Couplage spatial"

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Stjernberg, Mats, Anna Vasilevskaya, and Oskar Penje. Towards a grid-based Nordic territorial typology - A new tool for analysis across the urban-rural continuum. Nordregio, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2024:91403-2503.

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This report presents the grid-based Nordic urban–rural typology, which was developed as a new analytical tool for studying different types of spatial phenomena across Nordic territories. In this study this meant developing a typology that classifies all Nordic territories into seven different typology classes based on different degrees of urbanity and rurality. A key starting point for this work was the need for a territorial typology that would help enrich and provide new understanding of different types of urban and rural areas across the Nordic countries and shed light on how they are devel
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