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Journal articles on the topic 'Coupled climate model simulations'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Chen, Hua, Edwin K. Schneider, Ben P. Kirtman, and Ioana Colfescu. "Evaluation of Weather Noise and Its Role in Climate Model Simulations*." Journal of Climate 26, no. 11 (2013): 3766–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00292.1.

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Abstract The relationship between coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model simulations and uncoupled simulations made with specified SST and sea ice is investigated using the Community Climate System Model, version 3. Experiments are carried out in a perfect model framework. Two closely related questions are investigated: 1) whether the statistics of the atmospheric weather noise in the atmospheric model are the same as in the coupled model, and 2) whether the atmospheric model reproduces the SST-forced response of the coupled model. The weather noise in both the coupled and uncouple

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2

Falquina, Rafael, la Vara Alba de, William Cabos, Dmitry Sein, and Clemente Gallardo. "Impact of ocean-atmosphere coupling on present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification in Europe." Atmospheric Research 275 (May 5, 2022): 106223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106223.

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The effect of air-sea coupling in the simulation of the European climate is assessed through a climate type classification that uses surface temperature and precipitation from a regional atmosphere-ocean coupled model and from its atmospheric component. The atmospheric setup in both models is the same, differing only in the representation of the oceanic fields. The simulations cover the present and future-time climate under the RCP8.5 CMIP5 scenario. Climate type distributions obtained from both coupled and uncoupled simulations are similar to those obtained from ERA5 for the 1976&nd

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Nobre, Paulo, Leo S. P. Siqueira, Roberto A. F. de Almeida, et al. "Climate Simulation and Change in the Brazilian Climate Model." Journal of Climate 26, no. 17 (2013): 6716–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00580.1.

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Abstract The response of the global climate system to atmospheric CO2 concentration increase in time is scrutinized employing the Brazilian Earth System Model Ocean–Atmosphere version 2.3 (BESM-OA2.3). Through the achievement of over 2000 yr of coupled model integrations in ensemble mode, it is shown that the model simulates the signal of recent changes of global climate trends, depicting a steady atmospheric and oceanic temperature increase and corresponding marine ice retreat. The model simulations encompass the time period from 1960 to 2105, following the phase 5 of the Coupled Model Interc

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Bogenschutz, Peter A., Andrew Gettelman, Cecile Hannay, et al. "The path to CAM6: coupled simulations with CAM5.4 and CAM5.5." Geoscientific Model Development 11, no. 1 (2018): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-235-2018.

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Abstract. This paper documents coupled simulations of two developmental versions of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) towards CAM6. The configuration called CAM5.4 introduces new microphysics, aerosol, and ice nucleation changes, among others to CAM. The CAM5.5 configuration represents a more radical departure, as it uses an assumed probability density function (PDF)-based unified cloud parameterization to replace the turbulence, shallow convection, and warm cloud macrophysics in CAM. This assumed PDF method has been widely used in the last decade in atmosphere-only climate simulations but

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Nobre, Paulo, Marta Malagutti, Domingos F. Urbano, Roberto A. F. de Almeida, and Emanuel Giarolla. "Amazon Deforestation and Climate Change in a Coupled Model Simulation." Journal of Climate 22, no. 21 (2009): 5686–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2757.1.

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Abstract The effects of Amazon deforestation on climate change are investigated using twin numerical experiments of an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) with prescribed global sea surface temperature and the same AGCM coupled to an ocean GCM (CGCM) over the global tropics. An ensemble approach is adopted, with 10-member ensemble averages of a control simulation compared with perturbed simulations for three scenarios of Amazon deforestation. The latest 20 yr of simulation from each experiment are analyzed. Local surface warming and rainfall reduction are simulated by both models over

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Varma, V., M. Prange, and M. Schulz. "Transient simulations of the present and the last interglacial climate using a coupled general circulation model: effects of orbital acceleration." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 8, no. 7 (2015): 5619–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-5619-2015.

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Abstract. Numerical simulations provide a considerable aid in studying past climates. Out of the various approaches taken in designing numerical climate experiments, transient simulations have been found to be the most optimal when it comes to comparison with proxy data. However, multi-millennial or longer simulations using fully coupled general circulation models are computationally very expensive such that acceleration techniques are frequently applied. In this study, we compare the results from transient simulations of the present and the last interglacial with and without acceleration of t

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Varma, Vidya, Matthias Prange, and Michael Schulz. "Transient simulations of the present and the last interglacial climate using the Community Climate System Model version 3: effects of orbital acceleration." Geoscientific Model Development 9, no. 11 (2016): 3859–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3859-2016.

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Abstract. Numerical simulations provide a considerable aid in studying past climates. Out of the various approaches taken in designing numerical climate experiments, transient simulations have been found to be the most optimal when it comes to comparison with proxy data. However, multi-millennial or longer simulations using fully coupled general circulation models are computationally very expensive such that acceleration techniques are frequently applied. In this study, we compare the results from transient simulations of the present and the last interglacial with and without acceleration of t

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8

Xie, Zhiang, Dietmar Dommenget, Felicity S. McCormack, and Andrew N. Mackintosh. "GREB-ISM v1.0: A coupled ice sheet model for the Globally Resolved Energy Balance model for global simulations on timescales of 100 kyr." Geoscientific Model Development 15, no. 9 (2022): 3691–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3691-2022.

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Abstract. We introduce a newly developed global ice sheet model coupled to the Globally Resolved Energy Balance (GREB) climate model for the simulation of global ice sheet evolution on timescales of 100 kyr or longer (GREB-ISM v1.0). Ice sheets and ice shelves are simulated on a global grid, fully interacting with the climate simulation of surface temperature, precipitation, albedo, land–sea mask, topography and sea level. Thus, it is a fully coupled atmosphere, ocean, land and ice sheet model. We test the model in ice sheet stand-alone and fully coupled simulations. The ice sheet model dynami

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9

Cowling, S. A., Y. Shin, E. Pinto, and C. D. Jones. "Water recycling by Amazonian vegetation: coupled versus uncoupled vegetation–climate interactions." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1498 (2008): 1865–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.0035.

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To demonstrate the relationship between Amazonian vegetation and surface water dynamics, specifically, the recycling of water via evapotranspiration (ET), we compare two general circulation model experiments; one that couples the IS92a scenario of future CO 2 emissions to a land-surface scheme with dynamic vegetation (coupled) and the other to fixed vegetation (uncoupled). Because the only difference between simulations involves vegetation coupling, any alterations to surface energy and water balance must be due to vegetation feedbacks. The proportion of water recycled back to the atmosphere i

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10

Forster, Piers Mde F., and Karl E. Taylor. "Climate Forcings and Climate Sensitivities Diagnosed from Coupled Climate Model Integrations." Journal of Climate 19, no. 23 (2006): 6181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3974.1.

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Abstract A simple technique is proposed for calculating global mean climate forcing from transient integrations of coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs). This “climate forcing” differs from the conventionally defined radiative forcing as it includes semidirect effects that account for certain short time scale responses in the troposphere. First, a climate feedback term is calculated from reported values of 2 × CO2 radiative forcing and surface temperature time series from 70-yr simulations by 20 AOGCMs. In these simulations carbon dioxide is increased by 1% yr−1. The der

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11

Zou, Liwei, and Tianjun Zhou. "Can a Regional Ocean–Atmosphere Coupled Model Improve the Simulation of the Interannual Variability of the Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon?" Journal of Climate 26, no. 7 (2013): 2353–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00722.1.

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Abstract A flexible regional ocean–atmosphere–land system coupled model [Flexible Regional Ocean Atmosphere Land System (FROALS)] was developed through the Ocean Atmosphere Sea Ice Soil, version 3 (OASIS3), coupler to improve the simulation of the interannual variability of the western North Pacific summer monsoon (WNPSM). The regionally coupled model consists of a regional atmospheric model, the Regional Climate Model, version 3 (RegCM3), and a global climate ocean model, the National Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG)/Institute

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Pijanowski, Bryan, Nathan Moore, Dasaraden Mauree, and Dev Niyogi. "Evaluating Error Propagation in Coupled Land–Atmosphere Models." Earth Interactions 15, no. 28 (2011): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011ei380.1.

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Abstract This study examines how land-use errors from the Land Transformation Model (LTM) propagate through to climate as simulated by the Regional Atmospheric Model System (RAMS). The authors conducted five simulations of regional climate over East Africa: one using observed land cover/land use (LULC) and four utilizing LTM-derived LULC. The study examined how quantifiable errors generated by the LTM impact typical land–climate variables: precipitation, land surface temperature, air temperature, soil moisture, and latent heat flux. Error propagation was not evident when domain averages for th

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Brandefelt, J., E. Kjellström, J. O. Näslund, G. Strandberg, A. H. L. Voelker, and B. Wohlfarth. "A coupled climate model simulation of Marine Isotope Stage 3 stadial climate." Climate of the Past Discussions 7, no. 1 (2011): 79–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-7-79-2011.

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Abstract. We present a coupled global climate model (CGCM) simulation, integrated for 1500 years to quasi-equilibrium, of a stadial (cold period) within Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3). The simulated Greenland stadial 12 (GS12; ~44 ka BP) annual global mean surface temperature (Ts) is 5.5 °C higher than in the simulated recent past (RP) climate and 1.3 °C lower than in the simulated Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21 ka BP) climate. The simulated GS12 climate is evaluated against proxy data of sea surface temperature (SST). Simulated SSTs fall within the uncertainty range of the proxy SSTs for 30–50

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14

Li, Camille, and David S. Battisti. "Reduced Atlantic Storminess during Last Glacial Maximum: Evidence from a Coupled Climate Model." Journal of Climate 21, no. 14 (2008): 3561–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli2166.1.

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Abstract The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), 21 000 yr before present, was the time of maximum land ice extent during the last ice age. A recent simulation of the LGM climate by a state-of-the-art fully coupled global climate model is shown to exhibit strong, steady atmospheric jets and weak transient eddy activity in the Atlantic sector compared to today’s climate. In contrast, previous work based on uncoupled atmospheric model simulations has shown that the LGM jets and eddy activity in the Atlantic sector are similar to those observed today, with the main difference being a northeastward extens

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15

Gaetani, Marco, and Elsa Mohino. "Decadal Prediction of the Sahelian Precipitation in CMIP5 Simulations." Journal of Climate 26, no. 19 (2013): 7708–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00635.1.

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Abstract In this study the capability of eight state-of-the-art ocean–atmosphere coupled models in predicting the monsoonal precipitation in the Sahel on a decadal time scale is assessed. To estimate the importance of the initialization, the predictive skills of two different CMIP5 experiments are compared, a set of 10 decadal hindcasts initialized every 5 years in the period 1961–2009 and the historical simulations in the period 1961–2005. Results indicate that predictive skills are highly model dependent: the Fourth Generation Canadian Coupled Global Climate Model (CanCM4), Centre National d

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Merlis, Timothy M., Isaac M. Held, Georgiy L. Stenchikov, Fanrong Zeng, and Larry W. Horowitz. "Constraining Transient Climate Sensitivity Using Coupled Climate Model Simulations of Volcanic Eruptions." Journal of Climate 27, no. 20 (2014): 7781–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00214.1.

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Abstract Coupled climate model simulations of volcanic eruptions and abrupt changes in CO2 concentration are compared in multiple realizations of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model, version 2.1 (GFDL CM2.1). The change in global-mean surface temperature (GMST) is analyzed to determine whether a fast component of the climate sensitivity of relevance to the transient climate response (TCR; defined with the 1% yr−1 CO2-increase scenario) can be estimated from shorter-time-scale climate changes. The fast component of the climate sensitivity estimated from the response of the c

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17

Huebener, H., U. Cubasch, U. Langematz, et al. "Ensemble climate simulations using a fully coupled ocean–troposphere–stratosphere general circulation model." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 365, no. 1857 (2007): 2089–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.2078.

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Long-term transient simulations are carried out in an initial condition ensemble mode using a global coupled climate model which includes comprehensive ocean and stratosphere components. This model, which is run for the years 1860–2100, allows the investigation of the troposphere–stratosphere interactions and the importance of representing the middle atmosphere in climate-change simulations. The model simulates the present-day climate (1961–2000) realistically in the troposphere, stratosphere and ocean. The enhanced stratospheric resolution leads to the simulation of sudden stratospheric warmi

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18

Min, Ki-Hong, and Wen-Yih Sun. "Atmosphere-Cryosphere Coupled Model for Regional Climate Applications." Advances in Meteorology 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/764970.

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There have been significant advances in our understanding of the climate system, but two major problems still exist in modeling atmospheric response during cold seasons: (a) lack of detailed physical description of snow and frozen soil in the land-surface schemes and (b) insufficient understanding of regional climate response from the cryosphere. A multilayer snow land-surface model based on the conservations of heat and water substance inside the soil and snow is coupled to an atmospheric RCM, to investigate the effect of snow, snowmelt, and soil frost on the atmosphere during cold seasons. T

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19

Delworth, Thomas L., Anthony Rosati, Whit Anderson, et al. "Simulated Climate and Climate Change in the GFDL CM2.5 High-Resolution Coupled Climate Model." Journal of Climate 25, no. 8 (2012): 2755–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00316.1.

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Abstract The authors present results for simulated climate and climate change from a newly developed high-resolution global climate model [Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model version 2.5 (GFDL CM2.5)]. The GFDL CM2.5 has an atmospheric resolution of approximately 50 km in the horizontal, with 32 vertical levels. The horizontal resolution in the ocean ranges from 28 km in the tropics to 8 km at high latitudes, with 50 vertical levels. This resolution allows the explicit simulation of some mesoscale eddies in the ocean, particularly at lower latitudes. Analyses are presented base

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Fyke, J. G., W. J. Sacks, and W. H. Lipscomb. "A technique for generating consistent ice sheet initial conditions for coupled ice sheet/climate models." Geoscientific Model Development 7, no. 3 (2014): 1183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1183-2014.

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Abstract. A transient technique for generating ice sheet preindustrial initial conditions for long-term coupled ice sheet/climate model simulations is developed and demonstrated over the Greenland ice sheet using the Community Earth System Model (CESM). End-member paleoclimate simulations of the last glacial maximum, mid-Holocene optimum and the preindustrial are combined using weighting provided by ice core data time series to derive continuous energy-balance-model-derived surface mass balance and surface temperature fields, which are subsequently used to force a long transient ice sheet mode

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Krinner, Gerhard, Chloé Largeron, Martin Ménégoz, Cécile Agosta, and Claire Brutel-Vuilmet. "Oceanic Forcing of Antarctic Climate Change: A Study Using a Stretched-Grid Atmospheric General Circulation Model." Journal of Climate 27, no. 15 (2014): 5786–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00367.1.

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Abstract A variable-resolution atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) is used for climate change projections over the Antarctic. The present-day simulation uses prescribed observed sea surface conditions, while a set of five simulations for the end of the twenty-first century (2070–99) under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario uses sea surface condition anomalies from selected coupled ocean–atmosphere climate models from phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3). Analysis of the results shows that the prescribed sea surface condition anomalies

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22

Jones, Chris D., Vivek Arora, Pierre Friedlingstein, et al. "C4MIP – The Coupled Climate–Carbon Cycle Model Intercomparison Project: experimental protocol for CMIP6." Geoscientific Model Development 9, no. 8 (2016): 2853–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2853-2016.

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Abstract. Coordinated experimental design and implementation has become a cornerstone of global climate modelling. Model Intercomparison Projects (MIPs) enable systematic and robust analysis of results across many models, by reducing the influence of ad hoc differences in model set-up or experimental boundary conditions. As it enters its 6th phase, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) has grown significantly in scope with the design and documentation of individual simulations delegated to individual climate science communities. The Coupled Climate–Carbon Cycle Model Intercompariso

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23

Joseph, Renu, and Sumant Nigam. "ENSO Evolution and Teleconnections in IPCC’s Twentieth-Century Climate Simulations: Realistic Representation?" Journal of Climate 19, no. 17 (2006): 4360–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3846.1.

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Abstract This study focuses on the assessment of the spatiotemporal structure of ENSO variability and its winter climate teleconnections to North America in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) simulations of twentieth-century climate. The 1950–99 period simulations of six IPCC models are analyzed in an effort to benchmark models in the simulation of this leading mode of interannual variability: the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Coupled Model version 2.1 (CM2.1), the coupled ocean–atmosphere model of the Goddard Institute for Spac

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Griffies, Stephen M., Michael Winton, Leo J. Donner, et al. "The GFDL CM3 Coupled Climate Model: Characteristics of the Ocean and Sea Ice Simulations." Journal of Climate 24, no. 13 (2011): 3520–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli3964.1.

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Abstract This paper documents time mean simulation characteristics from the ocean and sea ice components in a new coupled climate model developed at the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). The GFDL Climate Model version 3 (CM3) is formulated with effectively the same ocean and sea ice components as the earlier CM2.1 yet with extensive developments made to the atmosphere and land model components. Both CM2.1 and CM3 show stable mean climate indices, such as large-scale circulation and sea surface temperatures (SSTs). There are notable improvements in the CM3 climate simulation re

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Johns, T. C., C. F. Durman, H. T. Banks, et al. "The New Hadley Centre Climate Model (HadGEM1): Evaluation of Coupled Simulations." Journal of Climate 19, no. 7 (2006): 1327–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3712.1.

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Abstract A new coupled general circulation climate model developed at the Met Office's Hadley Centre is presented, and aspects of its performance in climate simulations run for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4) documented with reference to previous models. The Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model version 1 (HadGEM1) is built around a new atmospheric dynamical core; uses higher resolution than the previous Hadley Centre model, HadCM3; and contains several improvements in its formulation including interactive atmospheric aerosols (sulphate, bla

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Yook, Simchan, David W. J. Thompson, Susan Solomon, and Seo-Yeon Kim. "The Key Role of Coupled Chemistry–Climate Interactions in Tropical Stratospheric Temperature Variability." Journal of Climate 33, no. 17 (2020): 7619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-20-0071.1.

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AbstractThe purpose of this study is to quantify the effects of coupled chemistry–climate interactions on the amplitude and structure of stratospheric temperature variability. To do so, the authors examine two simulations run on version 4 of the Whole Atmosphere Coupled Climate Model (WACCM): a “free-running” simulation that includes fully coupled chemistry–climate interactions and a “specified chemistry” version of the model forced with prescribed climatological-mean chemical composition. The results indicate that the inclusion of coupled chemistry–climate interactions increases the internal

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27

Jenkins, G. S., and E. J. Barron. "Global climate model and coupled regional climate model simulations over the eastern United States: GENESIS and RegCM2 simulations." Global and Planetary Change 15, no. 1-2 (1997): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8181(96)00011-2.

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Fyke, J. G., W. J. Sacks, and W. H. Lipscomb. "A technique for generating consistent ice sheet initial conditions for coupled ice-sheet/climate models." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 6, no. 2 (2013): 2491–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-2491-2013.

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Abstract. A new technique for generating ice sheet preindustrial 1850 initial conditions for coupled ice-sheet/climate models is developed and demonstrated over the Greenland Ice Sheet using the Community Earth System Model (CESM). Paleoclimate end-member simulations and ice core data are used to derive continuous surface mass balance fields which are used to force a long transient ice sheet model simulation. The procedure accounts for the evolution of climate through the last glacial period and converges to a simulated preindustrial 1850 ice sheet that is geometrically and thermodynamically c

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Jüling, André, Xun Zhang, Daniele Castellana, Anna S. von der Heydt, and Henk A. Dijkstra. "The Atlantic's freshwater budget under climate change in the Community Earth System Model with strongly eddying oceans." Ocean Science 17, no. 3 (2021): 729–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-17-729-2021.

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Abstract. We investigate the freshwater budget of the Atlantic and Arctic oceans in coupled climate change simulations with the Community Earth System Model and compare a strongly eddying setup with 0.1∘ ocean grid spacing to a non-eddying 1∘ configuration typical of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) models. Details of this budget are important to understand the evolution of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) under climate change. We find that the slowdown of the AMOC in the year 2100 under the increasing CO2 concentrations of the Representative Concentr

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Ho, H. T. M., B. Rockel, H. Kapitza, B. Geyer, and E. Meyer. "COSTRICE – three model online coupling using OASIS: problems and solutions." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 5, no. 4 (2012): 3261–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-5-3261-2012.

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Abstract. The coupled system COSTRICE is developed for the first time in order to reproduce the interactions and feedbacks between atmosphere, ocean and sea-ice in a two-way online coupled model system containing three component models for regional climate simulations over Baltic Sea and North Sea regions. The regional climate model CCLM1 is coupled to the regional ocean model TRIMNP1 and the sea ice model CICE1 via the coupler OASIS3. In this study, CCLM is setup with a horizontal grid mesh size of 50 km and 32 vertical atmosphere layers and driven by the 6-h ERA-interim reanalysis data as in

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Griffies, S. M., A. Gnanadesikan, K. W. Dixon, et al. "Formulation of an ocean model for global climate simulations." Ocean Science Discussions 2, no. 3 (2005): 165–246. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-2-165-2005.

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Abstract. This paper summarizes the formulation of the ocean component to the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's (GFDL) coupled climate model used for the 4th IPCC Assessment (AR4) of global climate change. In particular, it reviews elements of ocean climate models and how they are pieced together for use in a state-of-the-art coupled model. Novel issues are also highlighted, with particular attention given to sensitivity of the coupled simulation to physical parameterizations and numerical methods. Features of the model described here include the following: (1) tripolar grid to resolve t

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Brandefelt, J., E. Kjellström, J. O. Näslund, G. Strandberg, A. H. L. Voelker, and B. Wohlfarth. "A coupled climate model simulation of Marine Isotope Stage 3 stadial climate." Climate of the Past 7, no. 2 (2011): 649–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-649-2011.

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Abstract. We present a coupled global climate model (CGCM) simulation, integrated for 1500 yr to quasi-equilibrium, of a stadial (cold period) within Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3). The simulated Greenland stadial 12 (GS12; ~44 ka BP) annual global mean surface temperature (Ts) is 5.5 °C lower than in the simulated recent past (RP) climate and 1.3 °C higher than in the simulated Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21 ka BP) climate. The simulated GS12 is evaluated against proxy data and previous modelling studies of MIS3 stadial climate. We show that the simulated MIS 3 climate, and hence conclusions d

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Mahowald, N., K. Lindsay, D. Rothenberg, et al. "Desert dust and anthropogenic aerosol interactions in the Community Climate System Model coupled-carbon-climate model." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 5 (2010): 6617–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-6617-2010.

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Abstract. Coupled-carbon-climate simulations are an essential tool for predicting the impact of human activity onto the climate and biogeochemistry. Here we incorporate prognostic desert dust and anthropogenic aerosols into the CCSM3.1 coupled carbon-climate model and explore the resulting interactions with climate and biogeochemical dynamics through a series of transient anthropogenic simulations (20th and 21st centuries) and sensitivity studies. The inclusion of prognostic aerosols into this model has a small net global cooling effect on climate but does not significantly impact the globally

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Mahowald, N., K. Lindsay, D. Rothenberg, et al. "Desert dust and anthropogenic aerosol interactions in the Community Climate System Model coupled-carbon-climate model." Biogeosciences 8, no. 2 (2011): 387–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-387-2011.

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Abstract. Coupled-carbon-climate simulations are an essential tool for predicting the impact of human activity onto the climate and biogeochemistry. Here we incorporate prognostic desert dust and anthropogenic aerosols into the CCSM3.1 coupled carbon-climate model and explore the resulting interactions with climate and biogeochemical dynamics through a series of transient anthropogenic simulations (20th and 21st centuries) and sensitivity studies. The inclusion of prognostic aerosols into this model has a small net global cooling effect on climate but does not significantly impact the globally

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Bukosa, Beata, Jenny A. Fisher, Nicholas M. Deutscher, and Dylan B. A. Jones. "A Coupled CH4, CO and CO2 Simulation for Improved Chemical Source Modelling." Atmosphere 14, no. 5 (2023): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14050764.

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Understanding greenhouse gas–climate processes and feedbacks is a fundamental step in understanding climate variability and its links to greenhouse gas fluxes. Chemical transport models are the primary tool for linking greenhouse gas fluxes to their atmospheric abundances. Hence accurate simulations of greenhouse gases are essential. Here, we present a new simulation in the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model that couples the two main greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), along with the indirect greenhouse gas carbon monoxide (CO), based on their chemistry. Our updates inclu

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Guarino, Maria-Vittoria, Louise C. Sime, David Schroeder, Grenville M. S. Lister, and Rosalyn Hatcher. "Machine dependence and reproducibility for coupled climate simulations: the HadGEM3-GC3.1 CMIP Preindustrial simulation." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 1 (2020): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-139-2020.

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Abstract. When the same weather or climate simulation is run on different high-performance computing (HPC) platforms, model outputs may not be identical for a given initial condition. While the role of HPC platforms in delivering better climate projections is to some extent discussed in the literature, attention is mainly focused on scalability and performance rather than on the impact of machine-dependent processes on the numerical solution. Here we investigate the behaviour of the Preindustrial (PI) simulation prepared by the UK Met Office for the forthcoming CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercompar

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Huo, Yiling, William Richard Peltier, and Deepak Chandan. "Mid-Holocene monsoons in South and Southeast Asia: dynamically downscaled simulations and the influence of the Green Sahara." Climate of the Past 17, no. 4 (2021): 1645–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1645-2021.

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Abstract. Proxy records suggest that the Northern Hemisphere during the mid-Holocene (MH), to be assumed herein to correspond to 6000 years ago, was generally warmer than today during summer and colder in the winter due to the enhanced seasonal contrast in the amount of solar radiation reaching the top of the atmosphere. The complex orography of both South and Southeast Asia (SA and SEA), which includes the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in the north and the Western Ghats mountains along the west coast of India in the south, renders the regional climate complex and the simulation of th

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Chandler, M. A., L. E. Sohl, J. A. Jonas, H. J. Dowsett, and M. Kelley. "Simulations of the mid-Pliocene Warm Period using two versions of the NASA/GISS ModelE2-R Coupled Model." Geoscientific Model Development 6, no. 2 (2013): 517–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-517-2013.

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Abstract. The mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP) bears many similarities to aspects of future global warming as projected by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007). Both marine and terrestrial data point to high-latitude temperature amplification, including large decreases in sea ice and land ice, as well as expansion of warmer climate biomes into higher latitudes. Here we present our most recent simulations of the mid-Pliocene climate using the CMIP5 version of the NASA/GISS Earth System Model (ModelE2-R). We describe the substantial impact associated with a recent correction

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Justino, F., A. Timmermann, U. Merkel, and W. R. Peltier. "An Initial Intercomparison of Atmospheric and Oceanic Climatology for the ICE-5G and ICE-4G Models of LGM Paleotopography." Journal of Climate 19, no. 1 (2006): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3603.1.

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Abstract This paper investigates the impact of the new ICE-5G paleotopography dataset for Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) conditions on a coupled model simulation of the thermal and dynamical state of the glacial atmosphere and on both land surface and sea surface conditions. The study is based upon coupled climate simulations performed with the ocean–atmosphere–sea ice model of intermediate-complexity Climate de Bilt-coupled large-scale ice–ocean (ECBilt-Clio) model. Four simulations focusing on the Last Glacial Maximum [21 000 calendar years before present (BP)] have been analyzed: a first simula

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Dommenget, Dietmar. "Analysis of the Model Climate Sensitivity Spread Forced by Mean Sea Surface Temperature Biases." Journal of Climate 25, no. 20 (2012): 7147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-11-00600.1.

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Abstract Uncertainties in the numerical realization of the physical climate system in coarse-resolution climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) cause large spread in the global mean and regional response amplitude to a given anthropogenic forcing scenario, and they cause the climate models to have mean state climates different from the observed and different from each other. In a series of sensitivity simulations with an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a Slab Ocean Model, the role of differences in the control mean sea surface temperature (S

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Ho-Hagemann, Ha Thi Minh, Vera Maurer, Stefan Poll, and Irina Fast. "Coupling the regional climate model ICON-CLM v2.6.6 to the Earth system model GCOAST-AHOI v2.0 using OASIS3-MCT v4.0." Geoscientific Model Development 17, no. 21 (2024): 7815–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7815-2024.

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Abstract. Interactions and feedback between components of the Earth system can have a significant impact on local and regional climate and its changes due to global warming. These effects can be better represented by regional Earth system models (RESMs) than by traditional stand-alone atmosphere and ocean models. Here, we present the RESM Geesthacht Coupled cOAstal model SysTem (GCOAST)-AHOI v2.0, which includes a new atmospheric component, the regional climate model Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON)-CLM, which is coupled to the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) and the hydrol

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Grewe, Volker, Martin Dameris, Christine Fichter, and Robert Sausen. "Impact of aircraft NOx emissions. Part 1: Interactively coupled climate-chemistry simulations and sensitivities to climate-chemistry feedback, lightning and model resolution." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 11, no. 3 (2002): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2002/0011-0177.

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Delworth, Thomas L., Anthony J. Broccoli, Anthony Rosati, et al. "GFDL's CM2 Global Coupled Climate Models. Part I: Formulation and Simulation Characteristics." Journal of Climate 19, no. 5 (2006): 643–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3629.1.

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Abstract The formulation and simulation characteristics of two new global coupled climate models developed at NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) are described. The models were designed to simulate atmospheric and oceanic climate and variability from the diurnal time scale through multicentury climate change, given our computational constraints. In particular, an important goal was to use the same model for both experimental seasonal to interannual forecasting and the study of multicentury global climate change, and this goal has been achieved. Two versions of the coupled model

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Stenke, A., M. Dameris, V. Grewe, and H. Garny. "Implications of Lagrangian transport for coupled chemistry-climate simulations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 5 (2008): 18727–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-18727-2008.

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Abstract. For the first time a purely Lagrangian transport algorithm is applied in a fully coupled chemistry-climate model (CCM). We use the Lagrangian scheme ATTILA for the transport of water vapour, cloud water and chemical trace species in the ECHAM4.L39(DLR)/CHEM (E39C) CCM. The advantage of the Lagrangian approach is that it is numerically non-diffusive and therefore maintains steeper and more realistic gradients than the operational semi-Lagrangian transport scheme. In case of radiatively active species changes in the simulated distributions feed back to model dynamics which in turn affe

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Xinmin, Zeng, Zhao Ming, Su Bingkai, et al. "Simulations of a hydrological model as coupled to a regional climate model." Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 20, no. 2 (2003): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00376-003-0008-5.

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Krinner, Gerhard, Bérangère Guicherd, Katia Ox, Christophe Genthon, and Olivier Magand. "Influence of Oceanic Boundary Conditions in Simulations of Antarctic Climate and Surface Mass Balance Change during the Coming Century." Journal of Climate 21, no. 5 (2008): 938–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1690.1.

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Abstract This article reports on high-resolution (60 km) atmospheric general circulation model simulations of the Antarctic climate for the periods 1981–2000 and 2081–2100. The analysis focuses on the surface mass balance change, one of the components of the total ice sheet mass balance, and its impact on global eustatic sea level. Contrary to previous simulations, in which the authors directly used sea surface boundary conditions produced by a coupled ocean–atmosphere model for the last decades of both centuries, an anomaly method was applied here in which the present-day simulations use obse

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Gillett, Nathan P., Hideo Shiogama, Bernd Funke, et al. "The Detection and Attribution Model Intercomparison Project (DAMIP v1.0) contribution to CMIP6." Geoscientific Model Development 9, no. 10 (2016): 3685–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3685-2016.

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Abstract. Detection and attribution (D&amp;A) simulations were important components of CMIP5 and underpinned the climate change detection and attribution assessments of the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The primary goals of the Detection and Attribution Model Intercomparison Project (DAMIP) are to facilitate improved estimation of the contributions of anthropogenic and natural forcing changes to observed global warming as well as to observed global and regional changes in other climate variables; to contribute to the estimation of how historical

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Rothenberg, D., N. Mahowald, K. Lindsay, S. C. Doney, J. K. Moore, and P. Thornton. "Volcano impacts on climate and biogeochemistry in a coupled carbon–climate model." Earth System Dynamics 3, no. 2 (2012): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-3-121-2012.

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Abstract. Volcanic eruptions induce a dynamical response in the climate system characterized by short-term global reductions in both surface temperature and precipitation, as well as a response in biogeochemistry. The available observations of these responses to volcanic eruptions, such as to Pinatubo, provide a valuable method to compare against model simulations. Here, the Community Climate System Model Version 3 (CCSM3) reproduces the physical climate response to volcanic eruptions in a realistic way, as compared to direct observations from the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo. The model's b

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Rothenberg, D., N. Mahowald, K. Lindsay, S. C. Doney, J. K. Moore, and P. Thornton. "Volcano impacts on climate and biogeochemistry in a coupled carbon-climate model." Earth System Dynamics Discussions 3, no. 1 (2012): 279–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-3-279-2012.

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Abstract. Volcanic eruptions induce a dynamical response in the climate system characterized by short-term, global reductions in both surface temperature and precipitation, as well as a response in biogeochemistry. The available observations of these responses to volcanic eruptions, such as to Pinatubo, provide a valuable method to compare against model simulations. Here, the Community Climate System Model Version 3 (CCSM3) reproduces the physical climate response to volcanic eruptions in a realistic way, as compared to direct observations from the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo. The model bi

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Paik, Kyungrock, and Won Kim. "Simulating the evolution of the topography–climate coupled system." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 5 (2021): 2459–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2459-2021.

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Abstract. Landscape evolution models simulate the long-term variation of topography under given rainfall scenarios. In reality, local rainfall is largely affected by topography, implying that surface topography and local climate evolve together. Herein, we develop a numerical simulation model for the evolution of the topography–climate coupled system. We investigate how simulated topography and rain field vary between “no-feedback” and “co-evolution” simulations. Co-evolution simulations produced results significantly different from those of no-feedback simulations, as illustrated by transects

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