Journal articles: 'Coupled tags'

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Majewski, L. A., C. Balocco, R. King, S. Whitelegg, and A. M. Song. "Fast polymer nanorectifiers for inductively coupled RFID tags." Materials Science and Engineering: B 147, no. 2-3 (2008): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2007.08.031.

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Abdulkawi, Wazie M., and Abdel-Fattah A. Sheta. "Four-State Coupled-Line Resonator for Chipless RFID Tags Application." Electronics 8, no. 5 (2019): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8050581.

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A novel quad-state coupled-line microstrip resonator is proposed for compact chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. The proposed resonator can be reconfigured to present one of four possible states: 00, 01, 10, and 11, representing, no resonance, resonance at f2, resonance at f1, and resonance at both f1 and f2, respectively. The frequency span between f2 and f1 can be easily controlled, thereby reducing the required spectrum. Moreover, the proposed technique allows the storage of a large amount of data in a compact size to reduce the cost per bit. A multi-resonator prototype consisting of six resonators is designed, analyzed, and experimentally characterized. This prototype is implemented on the RT Duroid 5880 substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.2, loss tangent of 0.0009, and thickness of 0.79 mm. The designed configuration can be reconfigured for 46 codes. Two complete the RFID tags, including the six resonators and two orthogonally polarized transmitting and receiving antennas, are implemented and tested. The first tag code is designed for all ones, 111111111111, and the second tag is designed as 101010101010 code. Experimental results show good agreement with the simulation.

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Tang, Weiwei, Jiancheng Wang, Wei Li, Chaojun Zhang, Ping Li, and Jun Chen. "Changes in Triacylglycerols Content and Quality Control Implications of Coix Seeds during Processing and Storage." Foods 11, no. 16 (2022): 2462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11162462.

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Coix seed is a kind of widespread cereal, and it is used as a folk medicine in China. The present work focuses on the analysis of changes in triacylglycerols (TAGs) content and mycotoxins of coix seed during the processing and storage period for its quality control. Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light-scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) techniques, 42 lipid components in coix seeds were identified, and seven molecular species of TAG in coix seeds from different localities in China were measured and compared, respectively. A correlation analysis between the morphological features and TAGs contents revealed the integrity instead of the particle size of the seed, displaying a highly positive correlation with its quality. The higher contents of TAGs in hulled coix seed than in polished coix seed proposed an alternative processing way. During storage, the changes in TAGs contents of seeds indicated that the storage period should be less than 3 months, and the intact seeds could maintain lipid stability better than the powder. Furthermore, the air humidity and temperature should be controlled during coix seed storage to prevent the production of mycotoxins. These results provide significant insight into the effective control of coix seed quality during processing and storage.

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Chernova, Alina, Rim Gubaev, Pavel Mazin, et al. "UPLC–MS Triglyceride Profiling in Sunflower and Rapeseed Seeds." Biomolecules 9, no. 1 (2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9010009.

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Sunflower and rapeseed are among the most important sources of vegetable oil for food and industry. The main components of vegetable oil are triglycerides (TAGs) (about 97%). Ultra- performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) profiling of TAGs in sunflower and rapeseed has been performed and the TAG profiles obtained for these species have been compared. It has been identified that 34 TAGs are shared by sunflower and rapeseed. It was demonstrated that TAGs 52:2, 52:5, 52:6, 54:3; 54:4, 54:7, 56:3, 56:4, and 56:5 had the highest variability levels between sunflower and rapeseed with the higher presence in rapeseed. TAGs 50:2, 52:3, 52:4, 54:5, and 54:6 also showed high variability, but were the most abundant in sunflower. Moreover, the differences in TAG composition between the winter-type and spring-type rapeseed have been revealed, which may be associated with freezing tolerance. It was shown that winter-type rapeseed seeds contain TAGs with a lower degree of saturation, while in spring-type rapeseed highly saturated lipids are the most abundant. These findings may give new insights into the cold resistance mechanisms in plants the understanding of which is especially important in terms of global climate changes.

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Caizzone, Stefano, Emidio DiGiampaolo, and Gaetano Marrocco. "Wireless Crack Monitoring by Stationary Phase Measurements from Coupled RFID Tags." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 62, no. 12 (2014): 6412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2014.2360553.

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Estienne, M., M. Fallot, L. Giot, et al. "Summation Calculations for Reactor Antineutrino Spectra, Decay Heat and Delayed Neutron Fractions Involving New TAGS Data and Evaluated Databases." EPJ Web of Conferences 211 (2019): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921101001.

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Three observables of interest for present and future reactors depend on the β decay properties of the fission products: antineutrinos from reactors, the reactor decay heat and delayed neutron emission. In these proceedings, we present new results from summation calculations of the first two quantities quoted above, performed with evolved independent yields coupled with fission product decay data, from various nuclear data bases or models. New TAGS results from the latest experiment of the TAGS collaboration at the JYFL facility of Jyväskylä will be displayed as well as their impact on the antineutrino spectra and the decay heat associated to fission pulses of the main actinides.

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Lopes, Bernardo, Tania Ferreira, and Joao N. Matos. "Design Guidelines for Gap Coupled Spiral Microstrip Resonators in Chipless RFID Tags." IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification 4, no. 4 (2020): 525–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jrfid.2020.3010196.

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Chen, Jiun-Peng, and Powen Hsu. "A Compact Strip Dipole Coupled Split-Ring Resonator Antenna for RFID Tags." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 61, no. 11 (2013): 5372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2013.2278481.

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Aroca, Rafael V., André C. Hernandes, Daniel V. Magalhães, Marcelo Becker, Carlos Manoel Pedro Vaz, and Adonai G. Calbo. "Calibration of Passive UHF RFID Tags Using Neural Networks to Measure Soil Moisture." Journal of Sensors 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3436503.

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This paper presents a system to monitor soil moisture using standard UHF RFID tags buried on the soil. An autonomous mobile robot is also presented, which is capable to navigate on the field and automatically read the sensors, even if they are completely buried on the soil. Thus, passive RFID tags are buried on the soil, allowing wireless moisture measurement without the need of batteries for long periods. The system dispenses external cables and antennas and may be composed of a single RFID tag buried on the soil or by several RFID tags buried at different depths on the soil. An antenna coupled to a RFID reader can be pointed to the place of installation of these tags, and by measuring the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and other parameters, it allows to estimate the amount of water on the soil. The estimation of volumetric water content (VWC) on the soil was successfully obtained and calibrated with R2>0.9 using neural networks trained with experimental data from a reference capacitive soil moisture sensor. In addition to the simplified installation procedure, the system allows manual or automatic reading through irrigation systems or other systems to control irrigation systems. The system has been evaluated in several experiments, and nine tags were buried on the field, being used for at least three years. Experimental results show that it is possible to read tags at 40 cm deep in the soil with the RFID reader antenna 10 cm far from the soil surface.

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Raben, Hans, Johan Borg, and Jonny Johansson. "Design of Voltage Multipliers for Maximized DC Generation in Inductively Coupled RFID Tags." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 61, no. 11 (2014): 3309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2014.2327305.

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11

Wei, Qingmin, Jianjuan Lin, Fa Liu, et al. "Synthesis of MBA-Encoded Silver/Silica Core-Shell Nanoparticles as Novel SERS Tags for Biosensing Gibberellin A3 Based on Au@Fe3O4 as Substrate." Sensors 19, no. 23 (2019): 5152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235152.

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A surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) tag is proposed for high-sensitivity detection of gibberellin A3 (GA3). Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using citrate reduction. 4-Mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA) was used for the Raman-labeled molecules, which were coupled to the surface of the AgNPs using sulfydryls. MBA was coated with silica using the Stöber method to prevent leakage. GA3 antibodies were attached via the active functional groups N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and N-Ethyl-N’-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) to construct a novel immuno-AgNPs@SiO2 SERS tags. The captured SERS substrates were fabricated through Fe3O4 nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using chemical methods. These nanoparticles were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), dynamic light scattering, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). This immuno-AgNPs@SiO2 SERS tags has a strong SERS signal based on characterizations via Raman spectroscopy. Based on antigen-antibody reaction, the immuno-Au@Fe3O4 nanoparticles can capture the GA3 and AgNPs@SiO2 SERS tags. Due to the increasing number of captured nanoprobes, the SERS signal from MBA was greatly enhanced, which favored the sensitive detection of GA3. The linear equation for the SERS signal was y = −13635x + 202211 (R2 = 0.9867), and the limit of detection (LOD) was 10−10 M. The proposed SERS tags are also applicable for the detection of other food risk factors.

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Luo, Yinghua, Fanghao Yuan, Yanfang Li, Junyi (Danny) Wang, Boyan Gao, and Liangli (Lucy) Yu. "Triacylglycerol and Fatty Acid Compositions of Blackberry, Red Raspberry, Black Raspberry, Blueberry and Cranberry Seed Oils by Ultra-Performance Convergence Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry." Foods 10, no. 11 (2021): 2530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10112530.

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The triacylglycerol (TAG) compositions of blackberry, red raspberry, black raspberry, blueberry and cranberry seed oils were examined using ultra-performance convergence chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPC2-QTOF MS). A total of 52, 53, 52, 59 and 58 TAGs were detected and tentatively identified from the blackberry, red raspberry, black raspberry, blueberry and cranberry seed oils, respectively, according to their accurate molecular weight in MS1 and fragment ion profiles in MS2. OLL was the most abundant TAG in the blackberry, red raspberry and black raspberry seed oils. Furthermore, the fatty acid compositions of the five berry seed oils were directly determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, the seed oils had total phenolic contents ranging 13.68–177.06 µmol GAE (gallic acid equivalent)/L oil, and significant scavenging capacities against DPPH, peroxyl, and ABTS+ radicals. These results indicated that the combination of UPC2 and QTOF MS could effectively identify and semi-quantify the TAGs compositions of the berry seed oils with sn-position information for the fatty acids. Understanding the TAGs compositions of these berry seed oils could improve the utilization of these potentially high nutritional value oils for human health.

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Tanner, Scott D., Dmitry R. Bandura, Olga Ornatsky, Vladimir I. Baranov, Mark Nitz, and M. A. Winnik. "Flow cytometer with mass spectrometer detection for massively multiplexed single-cell biomarker assay." Pure and Applied Chemistry 80, no. 12 (2008): 2627–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200880122627.

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This paper describes the development and application of new metal-tagging reagents and a novel mass spectrometer (MS) detector for a flow cytometer that enables highly multiplexed measurement of many biomarkers in individual cells. A new class of tagging reagents, based on an acrylic polymer backbone that incorporates a reproducible number of lanthanide elements, has been developed. When linked to antibodies that specifically recognize target proteins of interest, determination of the tag elements is diagnostic for the presence and quantification of the antigen. The use of enriched stable isotope tags provides the opportunity for multiparametric assay. The new instrument uses inductively coupled plasma (ICP) to vaporize, atomize, and ionize individual cells that have been probed using the metal-labeled antibodies. The elemental composition, specifically of the metal tags, is recorded simultaneously using a time-of-flight (TOF)-MS that has been specifically designed for high-speed analysis during the short transient corresponding to the individual cell event. The detector provides for well-resolved atomic fingerprints of many elemental and isotopic tags, with little overlap of neighboring signals (high abundance sensitivity) and wide dynamic range both for a single antigen and between antigens.

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14

Patron, Damiano, William Mongan, Timothy P. Kurzweg, et al. "On the Use of Knitted Antennas and Inductively Coupled RFID Tags for Wearable Applications." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems 10, no. 6 (2016): 1047–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2016.2518871.

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El-Sawy, Salma, Wasim Nawaz, Mohamed Osama, and Ahmet Tekin. "Low-cost thin-film passive RFID circuits and detector system." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 12, no. 5 (2020): 356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175907871900151x.

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AbstractThis paper discusses the design of chip-less RFID tags of a standard pocket size of 69 mm by 156 mm. These tags are based on lumped elements of copper metal traces constructed on a thin polyamide flexible substrate. Moreover, a low-cost single-chip Bluetooth detector circuit system is demonstrated. Two different detection methods: variable coil load coupling and optical light intensity detection were combined to yield 256 unique ID codes. In the first method, by utilizing simple 4 MHz digital drivers and an integrated analog to digital converter (ADC) in the reader controller; various inductively coupled resonant loads corresponding to multiple distinct tags could be differentiated, yielding eight different (3-bit) ID codes. The additional via-based hole pattern reflectometer method creates additional 32 distinct levels (5-bit) utilizing 650 nm visible light-emitting diode and a simple trans-impedance operational along with the same analog ADC pins of a Bluetooth controller. The printed circuit board trace coil on the two-layer low-cost FR-4 waterproof sealed detector unit is simultaneously used as a Qi wireless power receiver to charge the120 mAh 2450 Lithium Polymer (LiR) battery. The device could remain operational for more than a month with a single charge; remaining connected with a mobile device and enabling 10 readouts daily.

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Shcherbo, Dmitry, Christopher S. Murphy, Galina V. Ermakova, et al. "Far-red fluorescent tags for protein imaging in living tissues." Biochemical Journal 418, no. 3 (2009): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20081949.

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A vast colour palette of monomeric fluorescent proteins has been developed to investigate protein localization, motility and interactions. However, low brightness has remained a problem in far-red variants, which hampers multicolour labelling and whole-body imaging techniques. In the present paper, we report mKate2, a monomeric far-red fluorescent protein that is almost 3-fold brighter than the previously reported mKate and is 10-fold brighter than mPlum. The high-brightness, far-red emission spectrum, excellent pH resistance and photostability, coupled with low toxicity demonstrated in transgenic Xenopus laevis embryos, make mKate2 a superior fluorescent tag for imaging in living tissues. We also report tdKatushka2, a tandem far-red tag that performs well in fusions, provides 4-fold brighter near-IR fluorescence compared with mRaspberry or mCherry, and is 20-fold brighter than mPlum. Together, monomeric mKate2 and pseudo-monomeric tdKatushka2 represent the next generation of extra-bright far-red fluorescent probes offering novel possibilities for fluorescent imaging of proteins in living cells and animals.

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Kramberger-Kaplan, Lukas, Tina Austerlitz, and Holger Bohlmann. "Positive Selection of Specific Antibodies Produced against Fusion Proteins." Methods and Protocols 3, no. 2 (2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps3020037.

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A method for the positive selection of specific antibodies for target proteins expressed as fusion proteins for the production of antiserum is presented. As proof of concept, the fusion protein FLAG::His::GFP::His::FLAG was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and used for the immunization of rabbits. The obtained serum was precleared via protein A affinity. A CusF::FLAG fusion protein was expressed in the periplasm of E. coli and purified. GFP without tags was also expressed in E. coli and purified via organic extraction. These proteins were then coupled to NHS-activated sepharose and used for the positive selection of Anti-GFP and Anti-FLAG antibodies. The obtained sera were tested for their specificity against different protein samples and fusion proteins in Western blots. A high specificity of the antibodies could be achieved by a single affinity chromatography step. In general, we advise to express the target protein with different tags and in different E. coli compartments for antibody production and affinity chromatography.

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Lyukmanova, E. N., Z. O. Shenkarev, N. F. Khabibullina, et al. "N-Terminal Fusion Tags for Effective Production of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors in Bacterial Cell-Free Systems." Acta Naturae 4, no. 4 (2012): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2012-4-4-58-64.

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G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) constitute one of the biggest families of membrane proteins. In spite of the fact that they are highly relevant to pharmacy, they have remained poorly explored. One of the main bottlenecks encountered in structural-functional studies of GPCRs is the difficulty to produce sufficient amounts of the proteins. Cell-free systems based on bacterial extracts from E. coli cells attract much attention as an effective tool for recombinant production of membrane proteins. GPCR production in bacterial cell-free expression systems is often inefficient because of the problems associated with the low efficiency of the translation initiation process. This problem could be resolved if GPCRs were expressed in the form of hybrid proteins with N-terminal polypeptide fusion tags. In the present work, three new N-terminal fusion tags are proposed for cellfree production of the human 2-adrenergic receptor, human M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, and human somatostatin receptor type 5. It is demonstrated that the application of an N-terminal fragment (6 a.a.) of bacteriorhodopsin from Exiguobacterium sibiricum (ESR-tag), N-terminal fragment (16 а.о.) of RNAse A (S-tag), and Mistic protein from B. subtilis allows to increase the CF synthesis of the target GPCRs by 538 times, resulting in yields of 0.63.8 mg from 1 ml of the reaction mixture, which is sufficient for structural-functional studies.

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Gbamélé, Fernand Konan, Y. B. Ouattara, and Serge Tapigue. "High Coupled UHF RFID Tags Localization Using the Multilateration RSSI and Genetic Algorithm (GA) Optimization." International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation (IRECAP) 11, no. 6 (2021): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/irecap.v11i6.21172.

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Liu, Huiling, Yangjun Zhang, Jinglan Wang, et al. "Method for Quantitative Proteomics Research by Using Metal Element Chelated Tags Coupled with Mass Spectrometry." Analytical Chemistry 78, no. 18 (2006): 6614–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac060895j.

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Thomaidis, Nikolaos Christoforos, and Vasileios Zeimpekis. "Investigation of operational parameters that affect the use of drones in goods’ stock count process: Evidence from experimental results." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 17, no. 1 (2024): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.6446.

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Purpose: Recently, the complexity of managing warehouses has been amplified significantly due to factors that include increased requests for more frequent and smaller order fulfilment, reduction of operational cost, and improvement of customer experience. Product stock count is a critical process in order to address the aforementioned challenges. This articles presents experimental results from the adoption of drones coupled with RFID tags used for real time goods’ stock count.Design/methodology/approach: The research methodology adopted combines three different methods, namely Systematic Literature Review (SLR) for identifying parameters that affect the performance of drones in stock count process, survey via questionnaire and interviews to logistics managers to map needs and requirements in warehouse operations, as well as laboratory testing via Design of Experiment (24 full factorial design & ANOVA) methodology to investigate how certain parameters corelate and affect the reading accuracy of RFID tags as well as the time needed by a drone for stock count completion. Findings: The results of the experiments are encouraging, showing that the use of drones coupled with RFID tags may support faster, cost-effective, and safer stock count in warehouses. In both ambient and chilled storage environment an 100% RFID tag reading accuracy was achieved. Less stock-count completion time when compared to manual stock-count was achieved in both cases.Research implications: Understanding the effect of technical and operational parameters of RFID technology in conjunction with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)-drones may have the potential to radically transform the stock count process by considerably increase the efficiency and accuracy of the process.Practical implications: Real-time stock count via drones has significant cost-saving implications for organizations. The elimination of manual stock counting saves operational expenses and increases staff safety. Furthermore, real-time data collection of existing product stock allows managers to efficiently allocate resources, enhancing overall efficiency and performance.Originality/value: This research is among the first studies that aim to present evidence from experimental results that assess the use of drones coupled with RFID technology for real-time stock count. The results from laboratory experiments demonstrate the effect of certain operational parameters, such as drone speed, number of rack levels, and RFID tag location on products, during the execution of the stock count process in terms of RFID reading accuracy and stock-count completion time.

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Oteri, Marianna, Giovanni Bartolomeo, Francesca Rigano, et al. "Comprehensive Chemical Characterization of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Seed Oil with a Focus on Minor Lipid Components." Foods 12, no. 1 (2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12010023.

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A comprehensive chemical characterization of different lipid components, namely fatty acid composition after derivatization in fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), triacylglycerols (TAGs), phospholipids (PLs), free fatty acids (FFAs), sterols, carotenoids, tocopherols, and polyphenols in Chia seed oil, obtained by Soxhlet extraction, was reported. Reversed phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) coupled to UV and mass spectrometry (MS) detectors was employed for carotenoids, polyphenols, and TAGs determination; normal phase-LC in combination with fluorescence detector (FLD) was used for tocopherols analysis; PL and FFA fractions were investigated after a rapid solid phase extraction followed by RP-LC-MS and NanoLC coupled to electron ionization (EI) MS, respectively. Furthermore, gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionization (FID) and MS detectors were used for FAMEs and sterols analysis. Results demonstrated a significant content of bioactive compounds, such as the antioxidant tocopherols (22.88 µg mL−1), and a very high content of essential fatty acids (81.39%), namely α-linolenic (62.16%) and linoleic (19.23%) acids. In addition, for the best of authors knowledge, FFA profile, as well as some carotenoid classes has been elucidated for the first time. The importance of free fatty acids in vegetable matrices is related to the fact that they can be readily involved in metabolic processes or biosynthetic pathways of the plant itself. For a fast and reliable determination of this chemical class, a very innovative and sensitive NanoLC-EI-MS analytical determination was applied.

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Fouilloux, Chloe A., Guillermo Garcia-Costoya, and Bibiana Rojas. "Visible implant elastomer (VIE) success in early larval stages of a tropical amphibian species." PeerJ 8 (August 10, 2020): e9630. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9630.

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Animals are often difficult to distinguish at an individual level, and being able to identify individuals can be crucial in ecological or behavioral studies. In response to this challenge, biologists have developed a range of marking (tattoos, brands, toe-clips) and tagging (banding, collars, PIT, VIA, VIE) methods to identify individuals and cohorts. Animals with complex life cycles are notoriously hard to mark because of the distortion or loss of the tag across metamorphosis. In amphibians, few studies have attempted larval tagging and none have been conducted on a tropical species. Here, we present the first successful account of VIE tagging in early larval stages (Gosner stage 25) of the dyeing poison frog (Dendrobates tinctorius) coupled with a novel anesthetic (2-PHE) application for tadpoles that does not require buffering. Mean weight of individuals at time of tagging was 0.12 g, which is the smallest and developmentally youngest anuran larvae tagged to date. We report 81% tag detection over the first month of development, as well as the persistence of tags across metamorphosis in this species. Cumulative tag retention vs tag observation differed by approximately 15% across larval development demonstrating that “lost” tags can be found later in development. Tagging had no effect on tadpole growth rate or survival. Successful application of VIE tags on D. tinctorius tadpoles introduces a new method that can be applied to better understand early life development and dispersal in various tropical species.

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Liu, Qi, Yufeng Yu, and Sailing He. "Capacitively Loaded, Inductively Coupled Fed Loop Antenna With an Omnidirectional Radiation Pattern for UHF RFID Tags." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 12 (2013): 1161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2013.2281070.

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Blanco-Covián, Lucía, Verónica Montes-García, Alexandre Girard, et al. "Au@Ag SERRS tags coupled to a lateral flow immunoassay for the sensitive detection of pneumolysin." Nanoscale 9, no. 5 (2017): 2051–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nr08432j.

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Türker, İlker, and Eyüb Ekmel Sulak. "A multilayer network analysis of hashtags in twitter via co-occurrence and semantic links." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 04 (2018): 1850029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218500297.

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Complex network studies, as an interdisciplinary framework, span a large variety of subjects including social media. In social networks, several mechanisms generate miscellaneous structures like friendship networks, mention networks, tag networks, etc. Focusing on tag networks (namely, hashtags in twitter), we made a two-layer analysis of tag networks from a massive dataset of Twitter entries. The first layer is constructed by converting the co-occurrences of these tags in a single entry (tweet) into links, while the second layer is constructed converting the semantic relations of the tags into links. We observed that the universal properties of the real networks like small-world property, clustering and power-law distributions in various network parameters are also evident in the multilayer network of hashtags. Moreover, we outlined that co-occurrences of hashtags in tweets are mostly coupled with semantic relations, whereas a small number of semantically unrelated, therefore random links reduce node separation and network diameter in the co-occurrence network layer. Together with the degree distributions, the power-law consistencies of degree difference, edge weight and cosine similarity distributions in both layers are also appealing forms of Zipf’s law evident in nature.

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Huang, Song Lin, and Jian Zhong Cui. "The Design of Passive RFID Reader System Based on MF RC500." Advanced Materials Research 1022 (August 2014): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1022.135.

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RFID is a technology that uses radio frequency signals coupled to the space (alternating magnetic or electromagnetic), to achieve the purpose of non-contact transfer of information and automatic identification. In this paper, RFID reader system is designed based on the MF RC500. Compared with the automatic identification technology such as the barcodes, magnetic cards and IC cards, The RFID reader has many outstanding advantages: firstly, it is safe and suitable for high security terminal. The second, a plurality of electronic tags can be recognized simultaneously. The third, there is no mechanical wear. The fourth, it is convenient to use with non-contact operation and without human intervention when identifying.

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Raihani, Hind, Ali Benbassou, Mohammed El Ghzaoui, Jamal Belkadid, and Sudipta Das. "Patch Antennas with T-Match, Inductively Coupled Loop and Nested-slots Layouts for Passive UHF-RFID Tags." Journal of Nano- and Electronic Physics 13, no. 3 (2021): 03033–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/jnep.13(3).03033.

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Wu, Yongmei, Kai Sheng, Yongqin Liu, Qian Yu, and Baoxian Ye. "Enzyme spheres as novel tracing tags coupled with target-induced DNAzyme assembly for ultrasensitive electrochemical microRNA assay." Analytica Chimica Acta 948 (December 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2016.10.005.

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Zhang, Mingzhe, Wujian Chen, Xi Chen, et al. "Multiplex Immunoassays of Plant Viruses Based on Functionalized Upconversion Nanoparticles Coupled with Immunomagnetic Separation." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/317437.

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A sensitive, specific and rapid method for the detection of three different kinds of plant viruses includingtomato ringspot virus(ToRSV),bean pod mottle virus(BPMV) andarabis mosaic virus(ArMV) was demonstrated using novel upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as a fluorescence marker coupled with immunomagnetic separation. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs, ~100 nm) were coated with different antibodies were employed to capture and enrich the target viruses. Then antibody-conjugated UCNPs as signal probes were added to form sandwich complexes. This was followed by a fluorescence measurement using a 980 nm laser. This method not only avoids the difficulty in simultaneous detection of multiple independent organic fluorphores that require distinct excitation wavelengths, and auto-fluorescence of biological samples due to the higher-energy excitation of QDs but also amplifies detection signal by UCNPs-tags together with easy separation of samples by magnetic forces, demonstrating the potential to be used for detecting virus in the field of environmental safety and other fields.

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Hamoy, Fatimah Nasra P., Diana G. Romero, Lea Cristina D. Macaraig, and Erwin P. Enriquez. "Inkjet Printing of UHF RFID Antennas Using Silver and Gold Inks." Key Engineering Materials 913 (March 18, 2022): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-5v0h1p.

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Compared with current methods, additive manufacturing processes could offer a more environment-friendly and cost-effective solution in producing long lasting RFID tags for identification and sensing applications. In this work we report the fabrication of UHF RFID antennas by inkjet printing on a flexible substrate. Silver and gold were chosen as ink materials since they are more resistant to weathering than other metals, particularly for applications that require long-term reusability. We compared the print performance of a commercial silver ink and our lab-developed gold nanoparticle (AuNP) ink on polyethylene naphthalate. The printing process for each ink is described using an adopted loop antenna design optimized for 866-868 MHz frequency range. Assembled passive and battery-assisted RFID tags using single-and double-layer sintered, printed antennas coupled with a readable UHF RFID chip showed tolerable detection distances using a commercial compact reader (with short read range specifications). Additionally, we observed a more consistent print behavior and quality, and consequently longer read ranges for the gold antennas (up to 40 cm with battery). Furthermore, the silver antennas oxidized over time resulting in decreased read ranges. Overall, our results show the viability of a printable gold RFID antenna with a tag working range that may be fit for close range non-contact reading.

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Marigliano, Lucile, Bruno Grassl, Joanna Szpunar, Stéphanie Reynaud, and Javier Jiménez-Lamana. "Nanoplastic Labelling with Metal Probes: Analytical Strategies for Their Sensitive Detection and Quantification by ICP Mass Spectrometry." Molecules 26, no. 23 (2021): 7093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237093.

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The detection and quantification of nanoplastics in aquatic environments is one of the major challenges in environmental and analytical research nowadays. The use of common analytical techniques for this purpose is not only hampered by the size of nanoplastics, but also because they are mainly made of carbon. In addition, the expected concentrations in environmental samples are below the detection limit of the majority of analytical techniques. In this context, the great detection capabilities of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) in its Single Particle mode (SP-ICP-MS) have made of this technique a good candidate for the analysis of nanoplastics. Since the monitoring of carbon by ICP-MS faces several difficulties, the use of metal tags, taking advantage of the great potential of nanoplastics to adsorb chemical compounds, has been proposed as an alternative. In this perspectives paper, three different strategies for the analysis of polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics by SP-ICP-MS based on the use of metals species (ions, hydrophobic organometallic compound, and nanoparticles) as tags are presented and discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of each strategy, which rely on the labelling process, are highlighted. The metal nanoparticles labelling strategy is shown as a promising tool for the detection and quantification of nanoplastics in aqueous matrices by SP-ICP-MS.

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Whitaker, Darroch M., Ian G. Warkentin, Keith A. Hobson, Peter Thomas, and Rinchen Boardman. "Fall and Winter Movements of Newfoundland Graycheeked Thrushes (Catharus Minimus Minimus)." Animal Migration 5, no. 1 (2018): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ami-2018-0004.

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Abstract The Newfoundland subspecies of Gray-cheeked Thrush (Catharus minimus minimus) has declined since the 1980s and degradation of winter habitat has been suggested as a contributing stressor. However, the winter range of this subspecies is not well understood, so we fitted 29 males with archival GPS tags during summer 2016. Four tagged thrushes were recaptured in summer 2017 and, though all tags had missing locations and broken antennae, the data retrieved showed that one thrush wintered in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM) in northern Colombia, one in the nearby Sierra de Perija in Venezuela, and a third may have settled in the same region. One tag provided locations until April 21 and that thrush was consistently detected within a ~1 ha area through the winter. Locations obtained during fall migration indicated that thrushes travelled to South America via Central America and possibly by directly crossing the Caribbean. Contemporary research indicates that the SNSM is an important migratory stopover for Northern Gray-cheeked Thrushes (C. m. aliciae) but a historical report coupled with our observations suggest winter use of the SNSM and adjacent areas in northern South America by C. m. minimus, though numbers may be lower than during the 1900s.

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Liu, Rui, Qingquan Fu, Steven Lonergan, et al. "Identification of S-nitrosylated proteins in postmortem pork muscle using modified biotin switch method coupled with isobaric tags." Meat Science 145 (November 2018): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.07.027.

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Liu, Zhengru, Xiaoting Li, Guangyang Xiao, Beibei Chen, Man He, and Bin Hu. "Application of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the quantitative analysis of biomolecules with exogenous tags: A review." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 93 (August 2017): 78–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2017.05.008.

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Wang, Xin, Yangjun Zhang, Xueying Wang, Hongjun Lin, Weijie Qin, and Xiaohong Qian. "Multiplex relative quantitation of peptides and proteins using amine-reactive metal element chelated tags coupled with mass spectrometry." Analytical Methods 4, no. 6 (2012): 1629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ay25275a.

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Alam, M., N. M. Alandis, E. Sharmin, N. Ahmad, B. F. Alrayes, and D. Ali. "Characterization of Leucaena (Leucaena leucephala) oil by direct analysis in real time (DART) ion source and gas chromatography." Grasas y Aceites 68, no. 2 (2017): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.0939162.

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For the first time, we report the characterization of triacylglycerols and fatty acids in Leucaena (Leucaena leucephala) oil [LUCO], an unexplored nontraditional non-medicinal plant belonging to the family Fabaceae. LUCO was converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). We analyzed the triacylglycerols (TAGs) of pure LUCO and their FAMEs by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) followed by multivariate analysis for discrimination among the FAMEs. Our investigations for the analysis of LUCO samples represent noble features of glycerides. A new type of ion source, coupled with high-resolution TOF-MS was applied for the comprehensive analysis of triacylglycerols. The composition of fatty acid based LUCO oil was studied using Gas Chromatography (GC-FID). The major fatty acid components of LUCO oil are linoleic acid (52.08%) oleic acid (21.26%), palmitic acid (7.91%) and stearic acid (6.01%). A metal analysis in LUCO was done by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The structural elucidation and thermal stability of LUCO were studied by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques and TGA-DSC, respectively. We also measured the cytotoxicity of LUCO.

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Allen, William J., Daniel W. Watkins, Mark S. Dillingham, and Ian Collinson. "Refined measurement of SecA-driven protein secretion reveals that translocation is indirectly coupled to ATP turnover." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 50 (2020): 31808–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2010906117.

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The universally conserved Sec system is the primary method cells utilize to transport proteins across membranes. Until recently, measuring the activity—a prerequisite for understanding how biological systems work—has been limited to discontinuous protein transport assays with poor time resolution or reported by large, nonnatural tags that perturb the process. The development of an assay based on a split superbright luciferase (NanoLuc) changed this. Here, we exploit this technology to unpick the steps that constitute posttranslational protein transport in bacteria. Under the conditions deployed, the transport of a model preprotein substrate (proSpy) occurs at 200 amino acids (aa) per minute, with SecA able to dissociate and rebind during transport. Prior to that, there is no evidence for a distinct, rate-limiting initiation event. Kinetic modeling suggests that SecA-driven transport activity is best described by a series of large (∼30 aa) steps, each coupled to hundreds of ATP hydrolysis events. The features we describe are consistent with a nondeterministic motor mechanism, such as a Brownian ratchet.

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Hrichi, Soukaina, Francesca Rigano, Raja Chaabane-Banaoues, et al. "Identification of Fatty Acid, Lipid and Polyphenol Compounds from Prunus armeniaca L. Kernel Extracts." Foods 9, no. 7 (2020): 896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9070896.

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Apart from its essential oil, Prunus armeniaca L. kernel extract has received only scarce attention. The present study aimed to describe the lipid and polyphenolic composition of the dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts on the basis of hot extraction, performing analysis by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. A total of 6 diacylglycerols (DAGs) and 18 triacylglycerols (TAGs) were detected as being present in all extracts, with the predominance of OLL (dilinoleyl-olein), OOL (dioleoyl-linolein), and OOO (triolein), with percentages ranging from 19.0–32.8%, 20.3–23.6%, and 12.1–20.1%, respectively. In further detail, the extraction with ethyl acetate (medium polarity solvent) gave the highest signal for all peaks, followed by chloroform and dichloromethane (more apolar solvent), while the extraction with ethanol (polar solvent) was the least efficient. Ethanol showed very poor signal for the most saturated TAGs, while dichloromethane showed the lowest percentages of DAGs. Accordingly, the screening of the total fatty acid composition revealed the lowest percentage of linoleic acid (C18:2n6) in the dichloromethane extract, which instead contained the highest amount (greater than 60%) of oleic acid (C18:1n9). Polyphenolic compounds with pharmacological effects (anti-tumor, anti-coagulant, and inflammatory), such as coumarin derivative and amygdalin, occurred at a higher amount in ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts.

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Rawlings, Andrea E. "Membrane protein engineering to the rescue." Biochemical Society Transactions 46, no. 6 (2018): 1541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20180140.

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The inherent hydrophobicity of membrane proteins is a major barrier to membrane protein research and understanding. Their low stability and solubility in aqueous environments coupled with poor expression levels make them a challenging area of research. For many years, the only way of working with membrane proteins was to optimise the environment to suit the protein, through the use of different detergents, solubilising additives, and other adaptations. However, with innovative protein engineering methodologies, the membrane proteins themselves are now being adapted to suit the environment. This mini-review looks at the types of adaptations which are applied to membrane proteins from a variety of different fields, including water solubilising fusion tags, thermostabilising mutation screening, scaffold proteins, stabilising protein chimeras, and isolating water-soluble domains.

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Zhang, Ziyu, Faying Liu, YunYun Xu, et al. "GZFLW Induces Apoptosis of Ectopic Endometrial Stromal Cells via Promoting VPS53 Protein Stability." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (December 13, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1293630.

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Endometriosis is still a major problem in obstetrics and gynecology. While GZFLW (Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan) has been originally used for treating gynecological diseases, however, the molecular mechanism that GZFLW acts on endometriosis is not clear. To investigate the molecular mechanism that GZFLW plays role on endometriosis, iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) proteomics and human endometrial stromal cells (Y14) obtained from a patient with endometriosis were used in in vitro study. Our results demonstrated that GZFLW decreased Y14 cells proliferation while increased cells apoptosis. The differential expression protein VPS53 (Vacuolar protein sorting 53 homolog) was predicted by iTRAQ coupled LC-MS/MS and further identified by western blot. Besides, GZFLW induced VPS53 protein level by promoting its stabilization. Our findings highlight a novel role for VPS53 in gynecology and provide a potent therapeutic strategy against endometriosis.

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Jarujamrus, Purim, Runglawan Chawengkirttikul, Juwadee Shiowatana, and Atitaya Siripinyanond. "Towards chloramphenicol detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) linked immunoassay using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as element tags." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 27, no. 5 (2012): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ja10319b.

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Opiteck, Gregory J., James W. Jorgenson, M. Arthur Moseley, and Robert J. Anderegg. "Two-dimensional microcolumn HPLC coupled to a single-quadrupole mass spectrometer for the elucidation of sequence tags and peptide mapping." Journal of Microcolumn Separations 10, no. 4 (1998): 365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-667x(1998)10:4<365::aid-mcs6>3.0.co;2-e.

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Daswani, Bhavna, Manoj Kumar Gupta, Shubhangi Gavali, et al. "Monocyte Proteomics Reveals Involvement of Phosphorylated HSP27 in the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis." Disease Markers 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/196589.

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Peripheral monocytes, precursors of osteoclasts, have emerged as important candidates for identifying proteins relevant to osteoporosis, a condition characterized by low Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and increased susceptibility for fractures. We employed 4-plex iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) coupled with LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry) to identify differentially expressed monocyte proteins from premenopausal and postmenopausal women with low versus high BMD. Of 1801 proteins identified, 45 were differentially abundant in low versus high BMD, with heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) distinctly upregulated in low BMD condition in both premenopausal and postmenopausal categories. Validation in individual samples (n=80) using intracellular ELISA confirmed that total HSP27 (tHSP27) as well as phosphorylated HSP27 (pHSP27) was elevated in low BMD condition in both categories (P<0.05). Further, using transwell assays, pHSP27, when placed in the upper chamber, could increase monocyte migration (P<0.0001) and this was additive in combination with RANKL (receptor activator ofNFkBligand) placed in the lower chamber (P=0.05). Effect of pHSP27 in monocyte migration towards bone milieu can result in increased osteoclast formation and thus contribute to pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Overall, this study reveals for the first time a novel link between monocyte HSP27 and BMD.

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Pandey, Aditya, Muzaddid Sarker, Xiang-Qin Liu, and Jan K. Rainey. "Small expression tags enhance bacterial expression of the first three transmembrane segments of the apelin receptor." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 92, no. 4 (2014): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/bcb-2014-0009.

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G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are inherently dynamic membrane protein modulators of various important cellular signaling cascades. The apelin receptor (AR or APJ) is a class A GPCR involved in numerous physiological processes, implicated in angiogenesis during tumour formation and as a CD4 co-receptor for entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to cells. Due to the lack of efficient methods to produce full-length GPCRs enriched with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) active 15N, 13C, and (or) 2H isotopes, small GPCR fragments typically comprising 1–2 transmembrane segments are frequently studied using NMR spectroscopy. Here, we report successful overexpression of transmembrane segments 1–3 of AR (AR_TM1-3) in the C41(DE3) strain of Escherichia coli using an AT-rich gene tag previously reported to enhance cell-free expression yields. The resulting protein, with 6 additional N-terminal residues due to the expression tag, was purified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Far UV circular dichroism spectropolarimetry demonstrates that AR_TM1-3 has the predicted ∼40% α-helical character in membrane-mimetic environments. 1H-15N HSQC NMR experiments imply amenability to high-resolution NMR structural characterization and stability in solution for weeks. Notably, this small expression tag approach may also be generally applicable to other membrane proteins that are difficult to express in E. coli.

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Zhang, H., Z. Li, S. Zheng, Y. Liu, P. Zheng, and X. Zou. "LEADER-FOLLOWER COOPERATIVE LOCALIZATION BASED ON VIO / UWB LOOSE COUPLING FOR AGV GROUP." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-3/W1-2022 (April 22, 2022): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-3-w1-2022-263-2022.

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Abstract. In this paper, we propose a Leader-Follower cooperative localization system for AGV group, which equipped with camera/IMU/UWB anchors as the Leader and IMU/UWB tags as the Follower. Firstly, we introduce the plane constraint with SE(2) into VIO to suppress drift in 2D motion; Secondly, the Follower receives the Leader's VIO pose and calculates the relative pose through the multiple groups of UWB ranging. The algorithm of Leader and Follower is decoupled, which means Leader can choose different self_localization technology to adapt to different scenario, such as LiDAR-Inertial Odometry(LIO), GNSS, etc. In the Follower, a tightly coupled graph optimization based algorithm to fuse UWB ranging and IMU is proposed to estimate its relative pose to the Leader. Lastly, extensive field experiment shows the system can realize omni-directional cooperative positioning in indoor and outdoor environments and the accuracy of collaborative positioning reaches centimeter level.

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MacLean, Grant. "Weak GPS Signal Detection in Animal Tracking." Journal of Navigation 62, no. 1 (2008): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037346330800502x.

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The weak GPS signal-processing work described here was part of the development of an innovative GPS tag – TrackTag™. The technology is aimed at animal tagging applications and therefore has particular challenges. These primarily relate to designing a tag to be small enough in physical size and weight so as not to impact the behaviour of the animal under study as well as robust enough to operate wherever the animal goes. TrackTag's architecture differs from that of a conventional GPS receiver. The key differences are that very short (typically 24 ms) snapshots are used and there is no processing intelligence on the tag itself. Such a short length of ON time, with no need for longer warm or cold starts, results in very little energy being used. This, in turn, allows the design of the tag to be made very small with a minimal battery size requirement and capable of being used over far greater periods than conventional GPS tags. Processing of the data is done on a PC following the download of the tag's memory.The GPS signal-processing using such short snapshots must not compromise the accuracy of the positions calculated and they should be comparable or better than normal GPS receivers. Weak signal processing is also a requirement for tracking signals in harsh environments involved with tagging animals in their natural habitat. This research has demonstrated that weak-signal processing coupled with the short snapshots, and careful integration of a suitable antenna, allows tracking under rainforest canopy and marine environments. Conventional GPS tends not to work well under those conditions.

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Yan, Hui, FeiRan Hao, QiChen Cao, et al. "A novel method for identification and relative quantification of N-terminal peptides using metal-element-chelated tags coupled with mass spectrometry." Science China Chemistry 57, no. 5 (2014): 708–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11426-013-5049-8.

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Kumar, B. Kalyan. "Smart Shopping Trolley and Notification System Based on IoT." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (2022): 1128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43596.

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Abstract: In a grocery store, for example, a smart shopping system may connect all of the items. Low-cost RFID tags may be added to each item in an IoT system, which may be read by a smart shopping cart's RFID reader when the item is put in the cart. To avoid lengthy lines at the register, clients may now pay for their purchases using their smartphones. This system may also be coupled with RFID scanners, which enable it to maintain track of inventory and, if required, communicate stock changes to a central server. Additionally, inventory management is simplified thanks to the use of RFID readers instead of laborers who must manually scan every item in the system. Design criteria, a prototype system, and a secure communication protocol are some of the methods used in this study to prove the system's viability in the real world. We believe this is the first time that a smart shopping system with security in mind has been offered.

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Abas, Mohd Azman. "Estimating Road Vehicle Instantaneous Fuel Consumption by Aerial Traffic Observation with a Multi-Rotor Drone." Current Science and Technology 1, no. 2 (2021): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/cst.v1i2.7164.

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This study presents a preliminary approach to estimate instantaneous fuel consumption base on image processing from aerial observation using a multi-rotor drone. A drone was deployed over an actual road traffic to capture images of vehicle activities and feed into a program that was developed in this study. The program identifies and tracks the vehicle activities using pixel-based adaptive approach. The vehicle activities were then processed into variables as an input for the generic vehicle model. Coupled with model constants, the generic vehicle model then estimates the instantaneous fuel consumption and CO2 emission and tags the estimated results on the tracked vehicle on the program user-interface. In comparison with the actual experimental measurements, the estimated instantaneous fuel consumption shows a trend with correlation coefficient of 0.741 with higher total fuel usage by 10.6%. The estimation results were useful to map the distribution of fuel consumption over the routes of the observed area in relation to the natural traffic.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Coupled tags'

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