Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Courants de densité – Modèles mathématiques'
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Ahmed, Dhafar Ibrahim. "Experimental and numerical study of model gravity currents in coastal environment : bottom gravity currents." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0060/document.
Full textThe aim of this investigation is to contribute to a better understanding of the propagation dynamics and the mixing process of dense gravity currents. The Laboratory experiments proceeded with a fixed initial gravity current concentration in one experimental set-up. The gravity currents are injected using a rectangular injection channel into a rectangular basin containing the ambient lighter liquid. The injection studied is said in unsteady state volume, as the Reynolds number lies in the range 1111 - 3889. The experiments provided the evolution of the boundary interface of the jet, and it is used to validate the numerical model. The numerical model depends on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes equations (RANS). The k-ε (K-epsilon) and the Diffusion-Convective Equation (DCE) of the saline water volume fraction were used to model the mixing and the propagation of the gravity current jet. On the other hand, comparison of the mean flow (z⁄z0.5 =U/Umax) with previous two-dimensional numerical simulations and experimental measurements have shown similarities. The numerical simulations of the hydrodynamic fields indicate that the velocity maximum at 0.18 z0.5, where z0.5 is the height at which the mean velocity u is the half of the maximum velocity Umax
Drouilhet, Rémy. "Dérivée de mouvement brownien fractionnaire et estimation de densité spectrale." Pau, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PAUU3024.
Full textSaudreau, Marc. "Analyse de la dynamique des jets à densité variable en écoulement cocourant pulsé." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT002H.
Full textBalayn, Pierre. "Contribution à la modélisation numérique de l'évolution morphologique des cours d'eau aménagés lors de crues." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10111.
Full textHérouin, Eric. "Capacité de transport de sédiments dans les cours d'eau en régime non-uniforme." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO19011.
Full textTiedemann, Florian, and Florian Tiedemann. "Étude sur la relation compétition-densité de l'épinette noire au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24779.
Full textUn modèle intégrant des guides de gestion de la densité décrit l'«effet de compétition-densité» étant l'effet négatif du nombre d'arbres (densité) sur le volume moyen V . Pour les peuplements naturels d'épinette noire (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) au Québec, Tremblay et collab. (2000) constatent que le modèle simple d'Ando (1968) manque de précision. L'ajout du coefficient de distribution, défini comme le taux d'occupation des cellules subdivisant une placette échantillon en autant de cellules qu'il s'y trouvent d'arbres, a significativement amélioré un modèle simplifié de l'effet de compétition-densité (critère d'information d'Akaike) pour 63 placettes échantillons situées dans les régions Saguenay{Lac-St-Jean et Côte-Nord. Un faible CD, indicateur d'une dispersion spatiale en bouquets des arbres, a un effet négatif sur le V . En utilisant 8197 placettes échantillons du ministère des Ressources naturelles, nous avons significativement amélioré (critère d'information bayesien) le modèle simple d'Ando (1968) par l'ajout simultané de (1.a) l'indicateur de distribution diamétrale «RD4», qui est le rapport entre le diamètre moyen quadratique et le diamètre dominant, (1.b) W, qui est de 1 dans les sous-domaines bioclimatiques de l'ouest, et de 0 dans ceux de l'est et (1.c) RE2, qui est de 1 pour la végétation potentielle RE2 et de 0 pour l'autre végétation potentielle (RE3). Avec une racine d'erreur quadratique moyenne (RMSE) de 1,055 et un coeffiction de déterminantion (R2) de 0,936, nous avons obtenu une véritable amélioration de la précision du modèle réduit (RMSE = 1; 369 et R2 = 0; 787), tout en n'utilisant que des variables qui sont à la fois faciles à mesurer sur le terrain et qui se prêtent bien, en plus, à être utilisees dans les autres modèles composants d'un guide de gestion de la densité. Le modèle complétée par (2) la classe de pourcentage de couverture est également significativement meilleur (critère d'information bayesien) et plus précis (RMSE = 1; 303 et R2 = 0; 81) que le modèle réduit.
Machkour, Deshayes Nadia. "Méthode de déconvolution appliquée à l'étude de la densité surfacique d'un arc électrique de coupure basse tension à partir de mesures magnétiques." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF22456.
Full textMartel, Claire. "Etude expérimentale de la combustion turbulente prémélangée : analyse de modèles." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECAP0573.
Full textPiacenza, Guy. "Nouveaux matériaux énergétiques, modélisation et préparation de polyamines hétérocycliques." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30081.
Full textFekih, Salem Radhouane. "Modèles mathématiques pour la compétition et la coexistence des espèces microbiennes dans un chémostat." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01018600.
Full textRompas, Parabelem Tinno Dolf. "Un modèle numérique pour l'étude des courants marins dans le détroit de Bangka, Nord Sulawesi, Indonésie." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30023.
Full textA numerical model makes it possible to study the marine currents in the Bangka strait (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) is proposed. This study is intended for the installation of hydroelectric in the place more adapted of strait in order to provide electric current to the close environment. The project uses a three-dimensional model of taking flow where the pressure distribution in the liquid vertical layers which is supposed hydrostatic. We are thus brought back to a twodimensional calculation using the shallow water equations. The objective of the study is the simultaneous obtaining of the current threads and the power availabilities of the tides per unit of horizontal area of the strait. The Bangka strait is 5500 m width for an average depth of 40 m. Numerical calculation is simulated using horizontal meshes of 60 side meters. The velocity data of the edge conditions result from experimental measurements. The numerical solutions were obtained by using a time step of one second. The results show that threads of currents and values of velocities correspond to the results of measurements. The values of the power available per m2 then obtained by calculation must make it possible to choose the more suitable place to install turbines adapted well for a future undersea power plant
Gomez, Evelyne. "Modèles d'estimation de la densité de population animale pour des échantillonnages par lignes de parcours et par points d'observation." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20074.
Full textMrabet, Kaïs. "Comportement mécanique en grandes déformations du polyéthylène haute densité : approche thermodynamique de l'état relaxé." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL036N.
Full textThe semicrystalline polymers are the subject of many scientific researchs aiming to understanding their microscopic mechanisms of deformation. Nevertheless, the modelling which we currently find in the literature do not approach the mechanical tests with unloading or the cyclic tests at large strains. Among the reasons of these insufficiencies appears themultiplicity of the internal reorganization processes which is seldom described finely in the physical modelling. Moreover, a main aspect of the semicrystalline polymer behaviour is often ignored, it acts of the relaxed state. Within the framework of formalism Distribution of Non Linear Relaxation (D. N. L. R. ), we are interested more closely in these two aspects of the mechanical behaviour: multiplicity of the mechanisms, relaxed state. To clarify these two concepts, the objective was to characterize the relaxed state at large strains and to propose a physical modelling based on the thermodynamics of irreversible processes and on the microscopic aspects of the deformation. The distribution of the weights of the various modes has been described following observations given by a clip tests. The material used is the High Density Polyethylene HOPE. The tests were carried out with VideoTraction technology. The relaxed state modulus measured during tension loading is definitely more important than that of the unloading, which translates a damage phenomenon. The irreversibility of the relaxed state imposes that the modelling must use a functional formulation which integrates the memory effect and damage. In addition, the dip test has shawn the presence of mechanical cross over. A bibliographical study showed that this phenomenon is closely related to the processes multiplicity. Thus, we have shawn that the modal partition adopted in practice has to be re-examined. We have shawn that the modelling set up is able to reproduce complex loadings, in particular the cyclic tests with relaxation, and to predict behavior very depending on the. Loading history and the irreversible relaxed state
Gbegbe, Zihewo Anicette. "Modélisation des machines par circuits couplés pour l'observation des courants de barres au rotor." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27154.
Full textThis work presents a fast high-order model able to model a rotor configuration in full cage or grid, reproduce bar currents and consider the space harmonics. The model is based on a Combination of Finite Element method and Coupled Circuits. Indeed, the calculation of inductances is performed with magnetostatic finite element resolutions which gives to the model an advanced accuracy.This method offers a significant gain in computing time on finite element for transient simulations. Two simulation tools are developed, one in time domain for dynamic resolutions and another in phasor domain whose application on StandStill Frequency response (SSFR) is also presented. The model construction method is described in detail as well as the modeling procedure of the rotor circuit. The model is validated by the study of synchronous machines: a laboratory machine of 5.4 KVA and a large hydrogenerator of 109 MVA whose experimental measurements are compared to the model simulation results for tests such as no-load, three-phase and two-phase short circuit and also a load test.
Beddek, Karim. "Propagation d’incertitudes dans les modèles éléments finis en électromagnétisme : application au contrôle non destructif par courants de Foucault." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10175.
Full textThe uncertainty quantification technique aims to quantify the effect of uncertainties of input parameters of numerical models, e.g. material, geometry, source terms, on the quantity of interest. In this thesis, we focus on probabilistic approaches in order to spread uncertainties of magnetic and electric behavior laws over large scale electromagnetic finite element models. The main objective of this work is to compare two spectral stochastic methods (Non Intrusive Spectral Projection (NISP) and Spectral Stochastic Finite Element Method (SSFEM)), which are based on chaos polynomial representation of the random quantities. The comparison between the NISP and the SSFEM is carried out by confronting the computational costs and the precision when scalar and vector complex quantities of interest are computed. The numerical applications show that the SSFEM method become as competitive as the NISP method in terms of computational cost when solving probabilistic problems with large number of random parameters. Thus, the SSFEM method is chosen as the best adapted to solve electromagnetic problems when the behavior laws are random. In fact, the NISP method is inappropriate to compute vector complex quantities when equipped with adaptive sparse grid procedures. Finally, the NISP and SSFEM methods are used to study the clogging of the Tube Support Plate (TSP) of steam generators of nuclear power plants. The effect of uncertainties of the permeability and the conductivity of the TSP and the magnetite (clogging product) on the control signal and the SAX ratio is investigated
Hanna, Pierre. "Modélisation statistique de sons bruités : étude de la densité spectrale, analyse, transformation musicale et synthèse." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12756.
Full textRosa, Vargas José Ismäel de la. "Estimation de la densité de probabilité d'une mesure dans un cadre non-linéaire, non-gaussien." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112201.
Full textThe characterization and modeling of an indirect measurement procedure is led by a set of previously observed data. The modeling task is it self a complex procedure which is correlated with the measurement objective. Far from model building and model selection, a theoretical and practical problem persists: What is the correct probability density function (PDF) of a parametric model? Once this PDF is approximated, the next step is to establish a mechanism to propagate this statistical information until the quantity of interest. In fact, such a quantity is a measurement estimate and it is a nonlinear function of the parametric model. The present work proposes some different methods to make statistical inferences about the measurement estimate. We propose a first approach based on bootstrap methods. Such methods are classical in statistical simulation together with Monte Carlo methods, and they require a significative time of calcul. However, the precision over the measurement PDF estimated by these methods is very good. On the other hand, we have verified that the bootstrap methods convergence is faster than the Primitive Monte Carlo's one. Another advantage of bootstrap is its capacity to determine the statistical nature of errors which perturb the measurement system. This is doing thanks to the empirical estimation of the errors PDF. The bootstrap convergence optimization could be achieved by smoothing the residuals or by using a modified iterated bootstrap scheme. More over, we propose to use robust estimation when outliers are present. The second approach is based on other sampling techniques called Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), the statistical inference obtained when using these methods is very interesting, since we can use all a priori information about the measurement system. We can reformulate the problem solution by using the Bayes rule. The Gibbs sampling and the Metropolis-Hastings algorithms were exploited in this work. We overcome to the MCMC convergence optimization problem by using a weighted resampling and coupling from the past (CFTP) schemes, moreover, we adapt such techniques to the measurement PDF approximation. The last proposed approach is based on the use of kernel methods. The main idea is founded on the nonparametric estimation of the errors PDF, since it is supposed unknown. Then, we optimize a criterion function based on the entropy of the errors' PDF, thus we obtain a minimum entropy estimator (MEE). The simulation of this estimation process by means of Monte Carlo, MCMC, or weighted bootstrap could led to us to construct a statistical approximation of the measurement population. .
Hermet, Patrick. "Modélisation de la dynamique vibrationnelle des oligothiophènes." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20168.
Full textDurrleman, Stanley. "Modèles statistiques de courants pour mesurer la variabilité anatomique de courbes, de surfaces et de leur évolution." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00631382.
Full textDucasse, Alain. "Estimation de sous-harmoniques à l'aide de méthodes paramétriques." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT016H.
Full textQendro, Fatos. "Automatisation du contrôle non destructif par courants de Foucault, amélioration du rapport signal sur bruit." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD183.
Full textMajidi, Behzad. "Discrete Element Method Applied To The Vibration Process Of Coke Particles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29386/29386.pdf.
Full textPhysical, mechanical and chemical properties of raw materials have considerable effects on quality of carbon anodes for aluminium smelting process. The present work attempts to investigate the feasibility of application of Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations in anode production technology. Effects of coke particles shape and size distribution on vibrated bulk density (VBD) of dry coke samples are studied. Coke particles are digitized using two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging techniques and real-shape particles are used in DEM models of VBD test in Particle Flow Code (PFC). Internal friction coefficient of coke particles were estimated by means of angle of repose tests. Results showed that, as expected, VBD of coke samples is affected by shape and size distribution of the particles. Two-dimensional simulations confirmed that in general, mixed-sized samples have higher VBD than mono-sized cokes and as the fraction of coarse particles increases vibrated bulk density increases. However, existence of 10 wt.% of fine particles to fill the pores between coarse particles is essential. For 3D simulations also, the model follows the trend of experimental data showing that in the container of 2.9 mm diameter, as the content of -4+6 mesh (3.36-4.76 mm) particles increase, VBD increases. It can be concluded that a well-tailored DEM model is capable of predicting the particle rearrangement and density evolution during the vibration process.
Couto-Barba, Laurent. "Contribution à la simulation du mélange turbulent par la schématisation de fonctions densité de probabilité." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3014.
Full textThis thesis considers a method which simplifies the mixing at different levels, depending on turbulence length and time scales. The analysis is here restricted to the case of homogeneous and isotropic turbulent flows. The model is based on elementary fluid particles considered in their different levels of neighborhoods. For each vicinity level, a specific mixing model is applied. The approach takes into account - from small to high length scales - laminar diffusion (Fick diffusion process), internal mixing into fluid particle (Kerstein model, 1988), external mixing between fluid particles contained into a same eulerian volume (inspired from the LMSE model developpef by Dopazo, 1974, or from the Curl model,1963) and turbulent dispersion (where lagrangian moves are computed). An internal clock organizes the sequence of applications of the different models. Each one is applied instantaneously at different periodic times. Two different cases have been studied. The first case is the time evolution of mixing between two components initially introduced in two different areas. The numerical results have been compared to those of Direct Numerical Simulations by Eswaran & Pope (1988). The time evolution of Probability Density Functions, and the evolutions of variance, symetry coefficient and flatness coefficient have been compared. A parametrical study of the parameter governing the sequence of application of the different models has been performed. The second case considers thermal mixing layers emitted from one or two hot films placed inside a grid turbulence with uniform mean flow. Numerical results are in qualitative agreement with the experimental results by Warhaft (1984)
Laffitte, Elodie. "Modélisation de la propagation de la houle en présence de courants cisaillés et par bathymétrie variable." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0017.
Full textThis PhD thesis focuses on a specific part of the interactions between waves, current and bathymetry: the influence of the vorticity on the Bragg resonance phenomenon. Two numerical models, based on hyperbolic equations, are compared: the Mild Slope equation and the Modified Mild Slope equation, both extended to consider vorticity. To establish some trends about the wave behaviour in such configuration, the influence of the vorticity has been compared to the influence of the surface current velocity, in a parametric study. To go further, an experimental campaign has been settled in a wave flume, and the reflexion of regular waves propagating above sinusoïdal bathymetry and horizontally varying sheared currend has been registered for a large range ofwaves frequencies. Sorne strong conclusions asserted themselves: under the influence of a varying sheared current, the maximum of reflexion is reduced, both in amplitude and frequency, but another local maximum appears in higher waves frequencies (between 1.25 and l .45Hz). Moreover, our modelling achieved to represent the amplitude of the Bragg Peak quite well, but always overestimated the associated frequency. Thanks to a strong questioning of the theory and a collaboration between several researchers, a new modelling arised, with an original decomposition of the velocity potential taking into account the asymmetry between the incident and reflected wavenumbers. The first results are very optimistic: find the Bragg Peak frequency is not a problem anymore, and the study on the vorticity influence can continue. This new approach in coastal engineering will generate as many questions as opportunities
Marsaleix, Patrick. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle de la circulation océanique dans le Golfe du Lion." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30072.
Full textVoillemont, Jean-Charles. "Caractérisation par micro-sismicité induite des milieux poreux fracturés : modélisations par la méthode des lignes de courant d'un site géothermique HDR (Soultz-sous-Forêts, France)." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL040N.
Full textGosselin, Frédéric. "Modèles stochastiques d'extinction de population : propriétés mathématiques et leurs applications." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066358.
Full textJiang, Zixian. "Contrôle non destructif via des sondes courants de Foucault : nouvelles approches." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2014. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00943613.
Full textDallaire, Jonathan. "Modélisation des changements de phase solide-liquide : effet de la variation de la densité avec la phase et du couplage thermomécanique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27716.
Full textPhase change materials (PCM) are commonly used in a vast range of engineering applications in which they can serve, for example, as a way of storing thermal energy in the form of latent energy. Solid-liquid phase change has been the subject of many studies in the past decades both experimentally and numerically. Due to the different ways in which matter is organized at the molecular level, the physical properties of the solid and liquid phases are different. In particular, the density variations during phase change leads to volume variations, i.e., the PCM will either expand or shrink, depending on the relative density of each phase. In most studies, however, volume variations during solid-liquid phase change were deemed negligible and were not taken into account. The additional complexity and the challenges associated with the mathematical and numerical modeling of solid-liquid phase change with variable density are such that only a handful of studies on the topic may be found in literature, especially in the case where the PCM interacts with its physical boundaries (thermo-mechanical coupling). The goal of this thesis is therefore to contribute to the state of the art in terms of mathematical and numerical modeling of solid-liquid phase change when both density variations and thermo-mechanical coupling between the PCM and its container are taken into account. First, a new set of conservation equations is derived for solid-liquid phase change with different properties for each phase, especially the density. By representing the mushy region of the PCM as a porous medium (similarly to the well-known enthalpy-porosity model), macroscopic average conservation equations are developed by applying a method of volume averaging to the exact conservation equations for the solid and liquid phases at the pore level. The choice of the assumption regarding the velocity of the solid phase within the mushy region (stationary or moving) is achieved by the use of a single numerical parameter. Numerical simulations of a 1D solidification problem were performed with a finite volume code on Matlab to outline the differences between the new model and the existing enthalpy-porosity model. Then, the mathematical model developed in the first part of this thesis was extended in order to account for the interaction of the PCM with its physical boundaries. Two new models for the thermo-mechanical coupling were introduced. In the first model, it was assumed that the PCM expansion was constrained by an elastic wall and that the pressure rise within the PCM followed a modified Hooke’s law. In the second model, an air gap was introduced on top of the PCM in order to allow the latter to expand more easily. Analytical correlations were derived to predict relevant physical quantities at equilibrium, such as the pressure rise within the system, the melting temperature, the height of the PCM slab, etc. The finite volume code developed during the first part of this work was extended with a moving mesh technique to accommodate the volume variations of the PCM. The problem studied was the solidification of a 1D PCM slab of finite height. The numerical results were compared against the analytical predictions at equilibrium and showed good agreement. Finally, the elastic wall model introduced in the previous part of the thesis was applied to the problem of solidification of water near its density extremum in a 2D cavity with natural convection. The complete model was implemented in commercial software package (Fluent). A new methodology was developed in order to improve the capabilities of the software and the thermo-mechanical coupling was achieved with the help of a set of User-Defined Functions (UDF). The effect of the confinement of water as it solidifies inside the cavity was studied by varying the stiffness of the elastic wall. It was shown that the pressure rise resulting from the thermo-mechanical coupling significantly influences the flow pattern and the solidification rate of the PCM.
Rodriguez, Cuevas Clemente. "Modélisation numérique des courants océaniques. Application à la région du Golfe du Mexique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30039.
Full textWe introduce a parallel numerical code for solving 3D Navier-Stokes equations, in the case of an incompressible flow with free surface, and under the hydrostatic pressure assumption. A semi-implicit finite difference method has been used. The method is (mainly) of secondorder accurate in space. The code was validated by comparing numerical results with experimental measurements carried out for recirculating shallow-water flow in the wake of conical islands models with gently sloping sides. Thereafter, the code was adapted to the study of oceanic circulation in the Gulf of Mexico and more particularly to the phenomenology study of the Loop Current stability. The effect of physical parameters was firstly investigated using a reduced gravity model (two-dimensional). Then, the effect of density stratification was shown by using a 3D Navier-Stokes model with free surface. The present code is operational, of simple use, and requires a low running cost
Durrleman, Stanley. "Statistical models of currents for measuring the variability of anatomical curves, surfaces and their evolution." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4072.
Full textThis thesis is about the definition, the implementation and the evaluation of statistical models of variability of curves and surfaces based on currents in the context of Computational Anatomy. Currents were introduced in medical imaging by Joan Glaun\`es and Marc Vaillant in order to define a metric between curves and surfaces which does not assume point correspondence between structures. This metric was used to drive the registration of anatomical data. In this thesis, we propose to extend this tool to analyze the variability of anatomical structures via the inference of generative statistical models. Besides the definition and discussion of these models, we provide a numerical framework to deal efficiently with their estimation. Several applications on real anatomical database in brain and cardiac imaging tend to show the generality and relevance of the approach. In the first part of the manuscript, we extend the work of Joan Glaun\`es and introduce new numerical tools to deal with currents. First, a discretization framework based on linearly spaced grids is provided: it enables to give finite-dimensional projection of currents which converges to the initial continuous representation as the grids become finer. This leads to a generic way to derive robust and efficient algorithms on currents, while controlling the numerical precision. This gives for instance a more stable numerical implementation of the registration algorithm of currents. Then, we define an approximation algorithm which gives a sparse representation of any currents at any desired accuracy via the search of an adapted basis for currents decomposition. This sparse representation is of great interest to compress large sets of anatomical data and to give interpretable representation of statistics on such data sets. In the second part, we define a statistical model which considers a set of curves or surfaces as the result of random deformations of an unknown template plus random residual perturbations in the space of currents. The inference of such models on anatomical data enables to decompose the variability into a geometrical part (captured by diffeomorphisms) and a ``texture'' part (captured by the residual currents). Three applications are provided: first, the analysis of variability of a set of sulcal lines is used to describe the variability of the cortex surface, second, the inference of the model on set of white matter fiber bundles shows that both the geometrical part and the texture part may contain relevant anatomical information and, third, the variability analysis is used in a clinical context for the prediction of the remodeling of the right ventricle of the heart in patients suffering from Tetralogy of Fallot. In the third part, we define statistical models for shape evolution. First, we define a spatiotemporal registration scheme which maps successive scans of one subject to the set of successive scans of another subject. This registration does not only account for the morphological differences between subjects but also for the difference in terms of speed of evolution. Then, we propose a statistical model which estimates a mean scenario of evolution from a set of longitudinal data along with its spatiotemporal variability in the population
Jay, Stéphane. "Modélisation de la combustion au moyen de bilans d'aire interfaciale et de surface de flamme : application à la combustion cryotechnique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0922.
Full textBarthémémy, Audrey. "Modélisation numérique de la combustion dans les chambres de statoréacteurs." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0894.
Full textCheaytani, Jalal. "Calcul par éléments finis des pertes supplémentaires dans les motorisations performantes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10007/document.
Full textThe stray load losses (SLL) in electrical machines represent a non-negligible contribution to the total losses and are a key point for an accurate evaluation of the energy efficiency of the considered device. The aim of this work is to investigate the SLL, to determine and quantify their origins using precise models of the studied motors. The SLL model calculation, developed in this thesis, is based on the normalized Input-Output test. This later requires models for the core and harmonic eddy current losses. The choice has been made for calculating the losses in the post- processing step of a finite element code. These models were tested, first, on a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), where the influence of the carrier harmonics is studied. Then, the SLL were calculated for a 500 kW induction motor and for two 6 kW motors with skewed and non-skewed rotor bars. Several studies have been performed to study the origins of the SLL such as the end-region leakage fluxes, the zig-zag leakage fluxes and the skew leakage fluxes, and quantify their contributions. The comparison, between the simulation results and those measured on the PMSM and both 6 kW motors, shows a good agreement. This demonstrates the ability of an accurate estimation of the core, eddy currents and SLL losses using the proposed post-processing calculation method, for different types of electrical machines under different operating conditions
Da, Rocha Sophie. "Modélisations des effets du désordre cationique dans le spinelle MgAl2O4 par mécanique moléculaire et théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4009.
Full textCationic disorder in MgAl2O4 spinel has been studied in the framework of both molecular mechanics and density functional theory in local density approximation. New interatomic potentials have been optimized to reproduce disordered spinel properties. The evolution of cationic disorder rate with temperature and isostatic pressure is deduced from thermodynamic model and ab initio simulation. Relative density and heat capacity excess evolution are simulated as a function of cationic disorder. Infrared modes are calculated in the Brillouin zone centre for several disordered spinels. High pressure phase transitions have been also considered. It has been shown that a disordered spinel can not disproportionate into Al2O3 and MgO
Fekih-Salem, Radouane. "Modèles Mathématiques pour la compétition et la coexistence des espèces microbiennes dans un chémostat." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00940100.
Full textAucejo-Galindo, Vicente. "Méthode tensorielle générale pour une modélisation multiphysique de dispositifs magnétomécaniques rapides." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ028S/document.
Full textCurrently the goal of knowledge magnetomechanical devices is completed by means of several complementary approaches. On one hand the physical approach with mathematical formulations of magnetic forces. On the other hand, multiphysics approaches to achieve a deeper insight and more real, physical phenomena associated with interactions that act in the devices. And finally, the interdisciplinary approach that takes into account the lifecycle of the product, so called eco-design. A design of a ultra fast micromotor with induced magnetization and axial flux is presented in this paper with the physical approach showing the restrictions thereof. Accordingly therefore, the physical approach, a new tensor method is developed as a general contribution to a multiphysics modeling of magnetomechanical devices, bringing together the various numerical formulations of magnetic forces. A characterization of the new tensor is presented and applied to calculate the forces on bodies in contact
Vauquelin, Aurélien. "Contribution à l'amélioration des performances des machines à courant continu à aimants permanents dans des applications automobiles à forts courants." Compiègne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010COMP1879.
Full textIn many applications of electrical engineering, DC machines with mechanical commutator are a relevant solut ion to the implementation of an electromechanical actuator. Their high reliability and manufacturing costs remain relatively low despite the undeniable benefits of recent advances in electronics. This justifies the current research on these machines. In such a context, the starter motor must meet static and dynamic specifications. These works present the study of electrical machines used in the starters. Two modeling methodologies are presented. The first one consists in solving the equations governing the behavior of equivalent electrical circuits for different topologies of the machine. It can show the temporal evolutions of ail the electrical and magnetic quantities of the machine. The second one, farter, uses the theory of modeling of synchronous machines by space vector. A generalization of this theory to the DC machine has been developed. Several experimental devices have served to enhance these models and carry out a separation of two starter losses : the FS18 and FS20. A new principle called VIVA has been developed to increase the performance of the machine. Experimental validation led to the model verification and validation concepts
Castelle, Bruno. "Modélisation de l'hydrodynamique sédimentaire au-dessus des barres sableuses soumises à l'action de la houle : application à la côte aquitaine." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12859.
Full textThis thesis presents the first complete study of wave dynamics, wave-induced currents, and morphodynamics of nearshore sandy bars on the aquitanian coast beaches. This study is based on a physical modeling approach, associated with satellite imagery as well as treatment and analysis of field data. From the 12th to the 19th of october 2001 at Truc Vert beach, hydrodynamic and sedimentary data were collected during PNEC 2001 field measurements for energetic swell conditions. From the analysis of these data, the hydrodynamic module of the morphodynamic model developed during this thesis has been validated, and the dynamics of waves and wave-induced currents has been described. Simulations over aquitanian coast ridge and runnel systems and nearshore crescentic bar system show an intense tidal modulation of physical processes. Rip currents are induced by shore normal incidence long swells and an oscillating longshore current is induced by oblic incidence swells. The morphodynamic coupling including tidal cycles shows that self-organization mechanisms are responsible for the formation fo ridge and runnel systems in the intertidal domain and crescentic bar systems in the nearshore zone. The morphological characteristics of simulated systems are in agreement with observations. The development of these bars is also studied, as well as its sensitivity to wave forcing. The study leads to a new conceptual model of sandy bars morphology on the aquitanian coast
Beauseroy, Pierre. "Analyse automatique de signaux "courants de Foucault" multivoies : application au diagnostic des tubes de générateurs de vapeur." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD529.
Full textKavazović, Zanin. "Modélisation mathématique du pressage à chaud des panneaux MDF : couplage du modèle mécanique avec le modèle couplé de transfert de chaleur et de masse." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22585.
Full textVidal, Bastías Marcia. "Modélisation du pressage à chaud des panneaux de fibres de bois (MDF) par la méthode des éléments finis." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18667.
Full textThis study describes a mathematical-physical model to predict temperature, gas pressure and moisture content during MDF hot pressing in batch and continuous processes. The final system is composed of three differential equations: gas conservation, water vapor conservation and energy conservation. This model introduced the moisture diffusion term which was not considered in the basis model. The system of equations was solved by the finite element method using the MEF++ software developed by the GIREF at Laval University. The boundary conditions used during simulation are of the Neumann or Dirichlet type depending on the process considered. In order to validate the numerical results in 2-D and 3-D, we compared them with experimental data obtained from the batch process in the pressing laboratory and from the continuous process in an industry. For this purpose, MDF panels of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BPS) were manufactured and temperature measurements made using thermocouples on the surface and the center of the mat. The gas pressure was also measured using a pressure probe located inside the mat. Moreover, in order to evaluate moisture content, seven sorption models were extrapolated and compared with experimental values from the literature. The Malmquist model gives the best correspondence for the relative humidities considered and was therefore used. The numerical results indicate that the predicted temperature, moisture content and gas pressure are in agreement with experimental results for the two processes considered without using an adjustment factor. We concluded that the mathematical-physical model and the finite element method have a great potential to solve this type of problem to control the quality of panels and the losses during manufacturing. It is strongly recommended to look further into research on the values of the physical parameters involved in this process.
Déon, Sébastien. "Transfert d'espèces ioniques dans les membranes de nanofiltration : étude expérimentale et modélisation de la sélectivité." Lorient, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LORIS098.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study the separation of charged molecules by nanofiltration. This study is based on the understanding of the various transport phenomena governing the ions rejection by a charged membrane. For this purpose, a knowledge model was developed including a bi-dimensional description of the transport within the polarization layer, the membrane / solution interface partitioning and the pore transport. An experimental study of various salts rejections was also performed with an AFC 40 membrane (PCI). Estimation of the various parameters and validation of the model were carried out from experiments on various single salt solutions. Behaviour of binary solutions was thus investigated to understand the interactions between the physical mechanisms governing the selectivity between mono- and divalent ions. Finally, a critical review of the physical approach was proposed to introduce potential improvements
Moon, Hee-Jang. "Modèles de combustion turbulente appliqués à l'autoinflammation. Comparaison avec la simulation numérique directe." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUES010.
Full textBrisson, Élodie. "Étude expérimentale et numérique du frittage-assemblage d’un composite conducteur l’Ag-SnO2 par courants pulsés." Thesis, Lorient, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORIS339.
Full textThis thesis is part of the "IMPULSE" project, which is financed by the NationalAgency of Research. This project concerns the development of innovative process to produce multimaterials by pulsed currents. The ability of sintering and joining Ag-SnO2 powder on a copper support in the same process under pressure by pulsed currents is investigated. This problematic, linked to industrial applications of Schneider Electric Industries SEI), has been approached through numerical simulations and experimental tests of sintering-joining. Sintering and joining steps have been dealt separately in this works. Sintering phenomena and specific effects of pulsed currents still divide the scientific community. Sintering and sintering-joining test by resistive heating thanks different kinds of current (pulsed, DC, AC) have been realized. They have enabled to highlight that there are not specific effects of pulsed currents in the Ag-SnO2 case. Consequently, a classical stationary electrokinetic model has been used for electrical aspects in the macroscopic sintering model. These tests have also revealed the importance of the contact resistance (CR) present between tools and sample, and more particularly the electrical CR between punches and sample and the thermal CR between die and sample. The non-stationary thermal model chose is strongly coupled with the electrokinetic model. Characterization tests have shown that electrical and thermal conductivities increase with inter-granular contact rate improvement, which is caused by strain during densification and by diffusion ("cohesion" mechanisms). The behavior laws used to calculate the density and the conductivities (electrical and thermal) of the Electrokinetic-Thermal model (ET), take into account these microstructural evolutions by mean of internal variables of "densification" and "cohesion". Electrical and thermal contact resistances, measured in LIMatB’s device versus pressure and temperature, are implemented in the ET model. From a mechanical point of view, a Norton model combined with a Green criterion has been chosen to modeling the viscoplastic behavior of matter and the irreversible compressibility of Ag-SnO2 material during sintering under pressure. The criterion functions depend on the relative density. The densification kinetic is calculated from the trace of the irreversible deformation kinetics. The properties (viscoplastic parameters, elasticity limit,...) of mechanical behavior law have been identified by inverse methods using SiDoLo and Abaqus software from thermo-mechanical tests achieved on LIMatB’s Gleeble machine. The mechanical properties don’t depend of cohesion mechanisms. The mechanical behavior law has been implemented in the finite element code Sysweld to simulate sintering tests. The agreement between numerical and experimental results (tensions, temperatures, extensometric measurements) is correct and the differences remain inferior to the experimental errors. Tests of joining of Ag-SnO2 on a copper support, non isothermal under low pressure, have been achieved on Gleeble machine. Different thermal kinetics and different maximal temperatures have been explored to highlight time and temperature effects on diffusion mechanisms at the interface. Shear tests of the joining have enabled the calculation of an observable to estimate the bonding quality. From these results, a model which only depends of temperature reached in the sample has been developed to estimate the Ag-SnO2/Cu joining resistance. This joining model could be easily integrated in the more complex sintering model
André, Gaël. "Échanges côte-large à moyenne échelle au niveau de la pente continentale du Golfe du Lion : processus et modélisation." Toulon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUL0018.
Full textDynamics of water mass exchanges between the Gulf of Lions (GoL) and the open sea are driven by several physical processes, which influence circulation at several spacio-temporal scales. This study, based on a realistic modelling during two years, aims to bring a better knowledge of circulation and hydrodynamics processes occurring in the NW Mediterranean Sea and in the GoL. Firstly, the NW Mediterranean Basin circulation modelled during the year 2001 is compared with Sea Surface Temperature (SST) satellite measurements (AVHRR) and with the MEDATLAS climatology. These comparisons show a good agreement concerning surface patterns and seasonal variability of the large scale circulation. At lower scale, several processes influence circulation over the shelf and the GoL's continental slope. These processes are studied by comparing model results to SST and chlorophyll satellite measurements. Secondly, an improved modelling configuration had been used with in-situ measurements collected during the ECOLOPHY experiment (June - December 2005) to investigate the mesoscale variability generated on the onshore Northern Current (NC) front. The one-year time series of ADCP current measurements revealed that mesoscale activity strengthens during winter due to seasonal variability of the NC and to local wind effect. Current fluctuations evidenced by meanders and eddies, are attributed to baroclinic and barotropic instability processes. Finally, modelling test cases show that wind forcing and bathymetry influence the generation of these instabilities
Ferrani, Yacine. "Sur l'estimation non paramétrique de la densité et du mode dans les modèles de données incomplètes et associées." Thesis, Littoral, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DUNK0370/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of asymptotic properties of e kernel (Parzen-Rosenblatt) density estimate under associated and censored model. In this setting, we first recall with details the existing results, studied in both i.i.d. and strong mixing condition (α-mixing) cases. Under mild standard conditions, it is established that the strong uniform almost sure convergence rate, is optimal. In the part dedicated to the results of this thesis, two main and original stated results are presented : the first result concerns the strong uniform consistency rate of the studied estimator under association hypothesis. The main tool having permitted to achieve the optimal speed, is the adaptation of the Theorem due to Doukhan and Neumann (2007), in studying the term of fluctuations (random part) of the gap between the considered estimator and the studied parameter (density). As an application, the almost sure convergence of the kernel mode estimator is established. The stated results have been accepted for publication in Communications in Statistics-Theory & Methods ; The second result establishes the asymptotic normality of the estimator studied under the same model and then, constitute an extension to the censored case, the result stated by Roussas (2000). This result is submitted for publication
Duka, Anesti. "Caractérisation et modélisation du séchage de solides divisés dans un réacteur à lit transporté vibro-fluidisé." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD847.
Full textImperiale, Alexandre. "Méthodes d'assimilation de la donnée image pour la personnalisation de modèles mécaniques - Application à la mécanique cardiaque et aux images de marquage tissulaire." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00936027.
Full textLaudebat, Lionel. "Modélisation et identification sous représentation diffusive de comportements dynamiques non rationnels en génie électrique." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30220.
Full textThis study falls within the framework of the development of input-output dynamic models in electrical engineering taking into account distributed phenomena. From some precision level in the diffusive representation suggests a formalism well adapted for modelling of such operators, by an infinite dimensional approximations lead to cheap numerical simulations. This study illustrates the great interest to use diffusive representation concept in terms of modelling and parametric identification. This concept has been used for dielectric materials modelling, to take into account the eddy currents in magnetic materials and to consider the losses in transmission lines