Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Courier Logistics'

Thesis (M.Eng. and S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 31).
Course assessment is a valuable tool for improving teaching and learning in a class. As part of the course assessment project being started for 6.042 and several other EECS classes, students took diagnostic entry exams and end-of-term surveys in which they were asked to rate themselves on various objectives of the class. I examined this data along with the students' grades, and performed calculations such as finding correlation coefficients to determine what areas of the course might need improvement. After analyzing four semesters of 6.042, it was discovered that the correlation coefficients were not as high as expected. However, the results are still useful in assessing the course, and with several improvements to the current assessment procedure, future results may be more clear.
by Simone N. Pugh.
M.Eng.and S.B.

Background: Investigators are often interested in using population-level health administrative data in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients to study disease outcomes, risk factors and treatment effects to enhance knowledge, shape clinical practice and influence health care policy. A major limitation of using health administrative data for these purposes is the lack of detailed clinical data to adjust for the confounding effects of differential disease severity on observed associations. Methods to account for disease severity using administrative variables would offer a major advance to population-level studies in IBD patients. Thus, in this study we aimed to use a cohort of IBD patients from The Ottawa Hospital (TOH) to validate a model that was originally developed in Manitoba for estimating clinical disease course in IBD patients through healthcare utilization measures. Objectives: The objectives of this thesis are: 1) To identify and characterize a reference cohort of IBD patients in the ambulatory clinics of four gastroenterologists from TOH on clinical disease course in the preceding year (reference cohort), based on a Manitoba definition of clinical disease course; 2) To fit a partial proportional odds (PPO) model for predicting IBD course, derived using Manitoba health administrative data, to the reference cohort of IBD patients using Ontario health administrative data; 3) To derive new PPO models of IBD disease course for the reference cohort using Ontario administrative variables and compare model performance; and 4) To apply the models to the Ontario Crohn’s and Colitis cohort (OCCC) to estimate IBD course in Ontario, and compare the distribution to that of the Manitoba IBD population.Methods: We first identified a reference cohort of IBD patients in Ontario from the outpatient clinics at TOH during fiscal year 2015. Through chart review, we classified these patients into one of four clinical disease categories (remission, mild, moderate, or severe) using the Manitoba definition. We linked these patients to Ontario health administrative datasets. Given slight differences in data structure and coding between Manitoba and Ontario, we were unable to directly test the Manitoba model and instead fit a PPO model to the Ontario cohort using analogous administrative variables to those used in the final Manitoba model (“adapted model”). We subsequently derived new PPO models using unique Ontario administrative variables under three strategies: 1) Stepwise variable selection (“stepwise model”); 2) Forced fitting of all variables (“all-variables model”); and 3) Using a two-step modelling algorithm that considered IBD-related hospitalizations separate from other administrative variables (“two-step model”). We then compared model performance from the four strategies. Finally, we applied the models to the Ontario IBD population from 2004 to 2016 and compared model estimates to those from Manitoba. Results: We identified 963 patients with IBD from TOH outpatient clinics, of which 52.3% (n=504) were males, 64.6% (n=622) had Crohn's Disease, and 89.2% (n=859) resided in an urban setting. Based on the Manitoba definition, 64.9% of patients within our reference cohort were classified as remission, while 11.4%, 14.1%, and 9.6% were classified as mild, moderate, and severe disease course, respectively. The adapted model (c-statistic 0.77, goodness-fit p-value 0.28) performed comparably to the other models: the stepwise model (c-statistic 0.77, goodness-fit p-value 0.50), the all-variables model (c-statistic 0.77, goodness-fit p-value 0.53), and the two-step model (c-statistic 0.78, goodness-fit p-value 0.75). The adapted model also resulted in overall similar estimates with regards to the disease course distribution among the Ontario IBD population. However, on closer inspection, our two-step model, in which individuals who had been hospitalized for an IBD-related indication within the past year were assumed to have severe disease, performed better with respect to accurately classifying individuals with moderate or severe disease, without sacrificing discriminative ability. Based on the two-step model, from 2004 to 2016, 89.2-91.2% of the Ontario IBD population was in remission, 0% had mild disease, 2.4-3.2% had moderate disease, and 5.9-8.4% had severe disease. Distribution of disease course among IBD patients in Ontario differed considerably than that in Manitoba. Conclusion: In the absence of clinical information within health administrative data, we present and compare four different models that can be used to partially account for the confounding effect of disease course among IBD patients in future population-based studies using Ontario health administrative data. Given that our models did not perform as originally expected, especially with regards to accurately identifying individuals with more active disease states, we advise researchers to use these models at their own discretion.

Statement of the Problem The national six-year graduation rate is less than 60 percent. This alarming yet consistent feature of higher education has led researchers like Bean (1980), Tinto (1975, 1993), Astin (1993), Adelman (1999), Braxton (2000) and DesJardins (2002) to create a body of research which attempts to explain the causes of student attrition and suggest possible interventions. Learning Communities and Freshman Experience courses are two efforts to improve retention which are derived from this research. The purpose of this study was to test portions of Tinto’s longitudinal model of institutional departure that relates academic fit to persistence and degree completion. The study examined placement testing and advising procedures and the effects these procedures have on eventual degree completion. The results of this study should inform the academic community about the efficacy of using a placement test to promote academic fit for first time freshmen enrolled in mathematics courses. Method This quantitative study was an ex-post facto, quasi experimental design which compared three procedures for placement into the initial college mathematics course and the impact on retention and eventual degree completion. The data for this study was obtained from existing data sources. Logistic regression was used to compare the three placement methods and the effect on the odds of eventual degree completion. Results While the placement instrument did provide some useful information for placement decisions about some courses, it does not provide as much information as other available measures, in particular, the high school history expressed as the grade point average. Quality point production at the end of the first year was found to be a strong predictor of eventual graduation. The results suggest that for each one unit increase in the quality points earned the odds of graduation are 1.042 times better. Statistically significant differences were found in the efficacy of the different placement methods; however these differences were overshadowed by the effect of the introduction of a new mathematics course. The average grade in the initial collegiate math class for the groups in this study has risen from a low of 1.87 to 2.37 after the introduction of Math Modeling to the curriculum.

Using period newspapers and books, mercantile correspondence, Spanish imperial archives, and the colonial records of the Caracas City Council, Consulado, and Venezuelan Intendancy, this dissertation highlights the enterprises of those who profited from sustaining the Spanish Empire in its frail and debilitated state. Whether they had prospered from or merely survived the commercial revolutions that shook the Atlantic World after 1789, all merchants and traders calculated the economic consequences of South American independence and encouraged their contemporaries to do so too.

The persistence rate in online classes remains significantly lower than in comparable face-to-face classes. There is a lack of research on strategies to help learners persist in online classes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between face-to-face orientations, instructor verbal immediacy behaviors, and persistence in online classes. It also explored the relationship between verbal immediacy and student satisfaction. Due to the disagreement in the literature, this study also investigated the relationship between student demographic variables, grade point average, and persistence. This quantitative study combined both causal-comparative and correlational research methods. The study took place at a community college in the southeastern United States. The participants were 171 students enrolled in online classes selected for inclusion in the study using a purposive sampling method. Students were invited to attend a face-to-face orientation prior to the start of the semester. Prior to the end of the course, students were invited to complete a survey consisting of modified versions of Gorham’s (1988) Verbal Immediacy Scale and the college’s Student Perception of Instruction survey. At the end of the semester, demographic and course completion data were collected from the college’s student information system. A chi-square analysis revealed that there was not a significant relationship between orientation attendance and persistence. A Pearson correlation analysis and a linear regression analysis revealed that there was not a significant relationship between instructor verbal immediacy and persistence. A second linear regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between verbal immediacy and student satisfaction. Perceived instructor verbal immediacy explained 33% of the variance in satisfaction. A logistic regression analysis found that while GPA was a significant predictor of persistence, age, gender, and race/ethnicity were not. The results of this study suggest that online faculty should receive training on communication strategies, such as verbal immediacy behaviors. Colleges should also consider using predictor variables, such as GPA, to identify and assist at-risk students. This study was one of the first to examine the relationship between verbal immediacy and persistence in online classes. Future research should continue to investigate this topic as well as other strategies to help students persist.

Elektrifizierte Lastenfahrräder werden als ein Lösungsansatz für die wachsenden Herausforderungen des städtischen Wirtschaftsverkehrs gesehen. Fokus dieser Arbeit ist eine Abschätzung des Einsatzpotenzials dieses Fahrzeugkonzepts unter Betrachtung von konzeptionellen, verkehrlichen und wirtschaftlichen Aspekten. Als kumulative Dissertation enthält sie fünf Fachartikel, gruppiert zu drei Forschungsbeiträgen. Im ersten Forschungsbeitrag wird erörtert, wie erfolgversprechend das E-Lastenrad, eine Neuauflage des alten Konzepts Lastenfahrrad, in einem Markt mit ersten Anwendern (Kurierdienstleistung) ist. Die Auftragsstruktur im Stadtkuriergeschäft bietet ein substanzielles Marktpotenzial für E-Lastenräder, allerdings erschwert die Positionierung zwischen zwei etablierten Modi (Pkw und Fahrrad) den Markteintritt. Der zweite Teil der Analyse weitet den Blick auf alle Branchen und bietet eine strukturierte Beschreibung der verschiedenartigen Einflussfaktoren (Treiber und Hemmnisse), die auf die Lastenradnutzung im städtischen Wirtschaftsverkehr wirken. Als relevante Entscheidungskriterien konnten identifiziert werden: fahrzeugseitige Aspekte, Strukturen und Prozesse des adoptierenden Unternehmens, Einstellungen der Entscheider*innen, weiche Faktoren sowie regulative und räumliche Rahmenbedingungen. Der dritte Beitrag thematisiert die operative Eignung des E-Lastenrads, indem seine Fahrtzeiten einem Pkw gegenübergestellt werden. Bei Strecken bis zu 3 km sind beide Modi nahezu gleich schnell. Die Hälfte aller Fahrten bis 20 km Distanz würde bei einem Wechsel vom Pkw zum Lastenrad höchstens 2–10 min länger dauern (ohne Berücksichtigung der Parksuchzeit). Bereits kleine Änderungen an den Verkehrsbedingungen könnten noch bestehende Vorteile des Pkw spürbar verringern. Insgesamt erweitert die Arbeit maßgeblich das Wissen zu einem „neuen alten“ Fahrzeugkonzept, dem ein Potenzial zur Auflösung von bislang auf das Automobil hin ausgerichteten Systemen beigemessen wird.
Shifting trips to electric cargo bikes is one possible solution to deal with the growing challenges of urban commercial transport. This thesis combines conceptual, transport-related, and economic aspects as a foundation to assess the feasibility of this vehicle concept for freight and service trips. It contains five scientific papers, which provide three research contributions. The first contribution identifies the potentials of electric cargo bikes among first users (i.e., courier logistics services). Electric cargo bikes are an updated and re-envisioned version of freight bicycles. The features of point-to-point courier logistics assignments offer a substantial market opportunity for electric cargo bikes. However, being positioned between two established modes (i.e., car and bicycle) handicaps the market entry of cargo bikes. For the second contribution, the scope was widened to include all business sectors. A structured description is presented of the various determinants (i.e., drivers and barriers) affecting commercial cargo bike use. Among these were vehicle-specific factors, structures and practices of the company, attitudes of decision-makers, soft factors, regulatory frameworks, and spatial conditions. The third contribution explores the travel time differences between electric cargo bikes and cars for commercial trips. For trip distances of up to 3 kilometers, the travel times of both modes largely overlap. Half of all trips up to 20 kilometers would take only a maximum of 2 to 10 minutes longer by electric cargo bike (excluding the additional time for finding a parking spot). Small modifications in traffic could have considerable effects in reducing the current travel time advantages of cars. Consequently, this dissertation contributes towards the state-of-research by expanding the scientific knowledge of a type of vehicle that has the potential to disrupt car-dependent transportation systems.

Active learning methodologies (ALM) are associated with student success, but little research on this topic has been pursued at the community college level. At a local community college, students in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) courses exhibited lower than average grades. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the use of ALM predicted STEM course grades while controlling for academic discipline, course level, and class size. The theoretical framework was Vygotsky's social constructivism. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression were performed on data collected through an anonymous survey of 74 instructors of 272 courses during the 2016 fall semester. Results indicated that students were more likely to achieve passing grades when instructors employed in-class, highly structured activities, and writing-based ALM, and were less likely to achieve passing grades when instructors employed project-based or online ALM. The odds ratios indicated strong positive effects (greater likelihoods of receiving As, Bs, or Cs in comparison to the grade of F) for writing-based ALM (39.1-43.3%, 95% CI [10.7-80.3%]), highly structured activities (16.4-22.2%, 95% CI [1.8-33.7%]), and in-class ALM (5.0-9.0%, 95% CI [0.6-13.8%]). Project-based and online ALM showed negative effects (lower likelihoods of receiving As, Bs, or Cs in comparison to the grade of F) with odds ratios of 15.7-20.9%, 95% CI [9.7-30.6%] and 16.1-20.4%, 95% CI [5.9-25.2%] respectively. A white paper was developed with recommendations for faculty development, computer skills assessment and training, and active research on writing-based ALM. Improving student grades and STEM course completion rates could lead to higher graduation rates and lower college costs for at-risk students by reducing course repetition and time to degree completion.

The study's purpose was to identify demographics, educational background, finances, formal and informal education and experiences, reading habits, external environmental factors, psychological factors, and computer efficacy factors that predict a student's ability to successful complete an online (Web-based) distance learning community college course. Major student retention theories and student attrition and persistence research guided the study. Distance learners (N = 926) completed four surveys, which collected data for 26 predictor variables that included age, gender, marital status, ethnicity, support others, course load, first-time student, last semester attended, student type and location, financial stability, tuition payment, prior learning experiences, reading habits, family support, enrollment encouragement, study encouragement, time management, study environment, employment, extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, locus of control, self-efficacy, computer confidence and skills, and number of prior online courses. Successful or unsuccessful course completion was the dependent variable. Statistical analyses included Cronbach's alpha, Pearson chi-square, two-sample t test, Pearson correlation, phi coefficient, and binary logistic regression. Variables in each factor were entered sequentially in a block using separate binary logistic regression models. Statistically significant variables were course load, financial stability, prior learning experiences, time management and study environment, extrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, and computer skills. Selected predictor variables (N = 20) were entered hierarchically in a logistic regression model of which course load, financial stability, and self-efficacy were statistically significant in the final block. Correlation coefficients were computed for statistically significant predictor variables to determine whether the significance was confined to the control group or an overall level of significance. Findings were supported through cross-validation and forward stepwise entry of variables in logistic regression. Despite having two or more at-risk factors, distance learners who had high levels of self-efficacy, good computer and time management skills, financial stability, a favorable study environment, were enrolled in more than one course, and believed their prior learning experiences helped prepared them for their course were more likely to be successful.

The thesis explores the influence of economic recession and recovery on strategy of courier, express and parcel service providers and on a change of the service portfolio. It then focuses on the development of the supply chain caused by increasing volume of small consignment. The thesis also analyzes the impact of the economic crisis on employment and turnover of selected service providers.

Analysis of Forwarding and Courier Services in Czech Republic was carried out fron the end of a service portfolio, quality and cost at the end. The following companies were in a scope of analysis: DHL Express (Czech Republic) s.r.o., FedEx s.r.o., UPS s.r.o., TNT s.r.o., DACHSER EST a.s., Gebrüder Weiss s.r.o., DB Schenker s.r.o.

The South African pharmaceutical market is seen as part of the so called "pharmerging" markets, together with countries like India, China and Brazil. These "pharmerging" markets are the fastest growing markets within the global pharmaceutical industry. The distribution of chronic medicine in South Africa is a growing market, as the disease burden in South Africa continues to escalate, with the incidence of chronic conditions growing at a rapid rate. The study will focus on one of South Africa’s pioneer courier medication service providers, with more than twenty years’ experience in the healthcare industry. The company will be referred to as Pharmacy X. The mission of Pharmacy X is to provide the right chronic medication, to the right patient, at the right place, at the right time. It is imperative to ensure that a patient receives his/her chronic medication on the scheduled date of delivery to ensure compliance and customer satisfaction. To achieve a competitive advantage, companies increasingly depend on their supply chain partners to minimize cost and improve business processes. The core value chain activity of outbound logistics has been outsourced by Pharmacy X to several courier companies. This study will aim to understand the importance of the outbound logistics function within the value chain of the company and the costs involved with the outsourcing of the function. The primary objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of an in-house courier operation in the Bloemfontein area versus the current outsourced courier model. In order to achieve the primary objective of the study, several secondary objectives were set and reached throughout the four chapters of this study. The study applied cost benefit analysis techniques to determine the feasibility of the Bloemfontein courier investment project. All the cost benefit analysis techniques concluded that the Bloemfontein courier investment will be a financial viable operation. The Bloemfontein courier investment will increase shareholder value over the period of the project compared to the current outsourced model. The contribution of this case study to determine the feasibility of a courier operation investment can be of value to Pharmacy X. The current projected total courier cost of Pharmacy X for the 2013 financial year amounts to more than a third of the total operational cost. The findings within the case study can lead to a greater national roll out of courier operations in order to reduce costs and increase profit margins for Pharmacy X.
MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The subject-matter of the degree work is an analysis of forwarding and courier services in Czech Republic (the ``Analysis{\crqq}). The Analysis is prepared based on seven biggest forwarding companies in Czech Republic, i.e. Česká pošta, s.p. (Czech Postal Service, a State-owned Firm), DPD, s.r.o., DHL, s.r.o., PPL, s.r.o., TNT, s.r.o., FedEx, s.r.o. and UPS, s.r.o. The logistics are described as a whole in the first part of the degree work, all this upon findings obtained from special literature. The second part of the degree work includes a detailed description of the forwarding services as provided by selected forwarding companies doing business on the Czech Republic territory, an analysis of comparison, incl. The last part of the degree work is devoted to an assessment of data obtained from questionnaires submitted for answers to legal persons (entities) using the services of the forwarding companies subject to the Analysis.

碩士
立德大學
地區發展管理研究所
96
In order to follow the downsizing policy given by the government in Taiwan, the Armed Forces are accordingly streamlining its organization annually, aiming to accelerate the chain of command, speed up the operation of the logistic support, and efficiently lower its manpower requirement, so as to fulfill the need of military transformation. However, Air Force, as a bulky bureaucracy, is losing its organization memories and experiences due to excessive organizational reforms. As to the operations of supply chain in the Air Force, this problem has caused some deficiencies in the Air Force, such as lousy screenings of materiel application, loosen integration on supply chain, without sharing materiel application information with suppliers, along with inefficient preliminary preparation, etc. All of which have also indirectly affected the readiness of aircraft sorties and the whole performance of logistics. Amid the major causes to those ineffective performances lies on the professional ability of its personnel .For the modernization of logistics can only be done by the personnel with logistic profession and common ability. This research is aimed to, by realizing those critical factors’ weight ratios of Professional knowledge and techniques employed by logistic personnel and the level of current personnel with professional knowledge, along with the exploration on the basic professional course requirement and importance of logistic personnel, offer Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) with feedbacks and evaluations on its logistic profession course designs and training results. Meanwhile, it also builds up the preliminary concept of course planning for its four-year-college and can be applied as reference of the course planning so that the objective of all subjects will be reached. Furthermore, it is hoped that it can assist cadets to have gone through the complete logistic and management courses and acquired professional knowledge and techniques before joining their workplaces. In other words, it aims to narrow down the differentiation between the education in school and workplaces, truly cultivating appropriate manpower. Finally, it is hoped that the further research can be focused on the assessments of Profession Courses and Professional Knowledge and Techniques, offering related universities with possible directions on screening and cultivations its students and workers.

Yiu Tat-choi.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-69).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Student Ratings of Instructors --- p.2
Chapter 1.2 --- Research Plan and Difficulties Encountered in the Study --- p.4
Chapter 2 --- Data and An Overall Picture of Study --- p.7
Chapter 2.1 --- The Questionnaire and Data Collection Method --- p.7
Chapter 2.2 --- Pilot Study --- p.8
Chapter 2.3 --- Data Editing --- p.12
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Clerical Error --- p.12
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Strange Patterns --- p.13
Chapter 2.4 --- Missing Items ´ؤ Item Nonresponse --- p.14
Chapter 2.5 --- Missing Items - Unit Nonresponse --- p.16
Chapter 2.6 --- Effective Class Size --- p.21
Chapter 2.7 --- Imputation of Item Nonresponse Data --- p.23
Chapter 2.8 --- Overall Picture of Study --- p.25
Chapter 3 --- Data Analysis I: Logistic Regression --- p.28
Chapter 3.1 --- Conditional Independence --- p.29
Chapter 3.2 --- Partial Correlation --- p.30
Chapter 3.3 --- Simultaneous p-value --- p.31
Chapter 3.4 --- Logit Model --- p.32
Chapter 3.5 --- Logit Model for Ordinal Variables --- p.35
Chapter 3.6 --- Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares (IRLS) Algorithm --- p.36
Chapter 3.7 --- Criteria for Assessing Model Fit --- p.38
Chapter 3.7.1 --- Assessing the Fit of the Model --- p.39
Chapter 3.7.2 --- Pearson Chi-Square and Deviance --- p.40
Chapter 3.8 --- Interpretation of the Coefficients of The Weighted Logistic Re- gression Model --- p.42
Chapter 3.8.1 --- Nominal Independent Variable --- p.42
Chapter 3.8.2 --- Continuous Independent Variable --- p.45
Chapter 4 --- Data Analysis II: Adjusted Instructor Score --- p.49
Chapter 4.1 --- Removing Effects of Class Characteristics Factor and Adjust- ing the Score --- p.50
Chapter 4.2 --- Adjusted Instructor Score (AIS) --- p.54
Chapter 4.3 --- Estimate Standard Error of AIS by Bootstrap Method --- p.55
Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.58
Chapter 5.1 --- Comparison Between the AIS and Average Score --- p.58
Chapter 5.2 --- Discussion --- p.60
Appendix A1: Course Evaluation Survey Form --- p.63
Appendix A2: Course Evaluation Supplementary Form . --- p.64
Appendix B: Descriptive Statistics for Response Rate --- p.65
Appendix C: The Descriptions of Class Characteristics Dummy Variables --- p.67
Bibliography --- p.68

碩士
華梵大學
資訊管理學系碩士班
102
Implementations of “streamlining project”,“refining project”and follow-up with “essence project”have resulted in adjusted military structure and significantly loss of logistic manpower. The disconnected information and knowledge gap between new recruits and the professional logistic manpower with professional competency needed to be solved.Utilization of E-learning facilitates the transmission of knowledge and experiment from teacher to students.E-learning also converts the traditional teaching system to the efficient and flexible way. Hence, E-learning provides a good opportunity to improve the disadvantage of traditional teaching system. The purpose of this research is to explore the factors that may influent the research of E-learning on logistic training course. The sampling subjects are come from logistic personnel who work in Air Force of the ROCC.User’s perspectives were collected by AHP questionnaire.A three-layered hierarchy structure was built based on the survey results.The main influential factors are “suitable training courses”,“staff’spassion”,and“leadership cultivation”. This study provides practical advices to build E-learning system in the future.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ensino das Ciências apresentada à Universidade Aberta
Resumo Nas últimas décadas houve uma massificação do ensino, que incrementou a heterogeneidade e a diversidade cultural dos alunos com interesses e motivações diversas, provocando a formação de turmas com características bastante díspares entre elas e entre os seus elementos constituintes, onde as motivações, os interesses, os níveis sócio-culturais, as aptidões e os recursos são diferentes e multi-diversificados. Será que a escola tem respondido e/ou contribuído, e poderá responder, às carências de qualificações decorrentes das mutações sociais e tecnológicas entretanto operadas? Qual é, por conseguinte, a influência da Escola Pública nas escolhas profissionais e qual a importância que daí advém na posterior inserção social e profissional dos alunos? O objectivo deste estudo é contribuir para a compreensão de qual o apoio e importância que a Escola tem (poderia e deveria ter) no processo de opinião e decisão dos alunos quanto às suas perspectivas profissionais, com aplicação de modelos lineares hierárquicos. Em Educação, as populações investigadas têm uma estrutura hierárquica, por níveis, isto é: alunos, turmas, escolas, etc., constituem uma sequência natural de agrupamentos aninhados, de tal forma que as variáveis de um nível podem interagir com outras variáveis, dentro do mesmo nível hierárquico ou de outro nível. Os modelos estatísticos mais adequados à análise de dados desta natureza são os modelos lineares hierárquicos (MLH). Eles incorporam bem a variabilidade existente entre escolas e intra escola, assim como outros factores contextuais – de natureza social, cultural ou familiar – que exercem influência no percurso escolar do aluno
Résumé Au long de ces dernières décennies, c’est dessiné un nouveau panorama au niveau de l’éducation : la massification de l’éduction, celle-ci a développé l’hétérogénéité et la diversité culturelle des élèves qui ont des intérêts et des motivations diverses. Ce phénomène a provoqué la formation de classes bien différentes les unes des autres et surtout aussi au niveau de la constitution de ses éléments, où les motivations, les intérêts, les niveaux socioculturels, les aptitudes et les ressources sont différents et multi-diversifiés. Est-ce que l'école a répondu et/ou a contribué, et pourra répondre, au manque de qualifications dû aux mutations sociales et technologiques? Quelle est, donc, l'influence de l'école publique dans les choix professionnels et quel est son importance dans une postérieure insertion sociale et professionnelle de l’élève? L'objectif de cette étude a pour but de contribuer à la compréhension dont l'appui et l'importance que l'école a (devrait avoir ou pourrait avoir), dans le processus de l’opinion et de la décision des élèves au niveau de ses perspectives professionnelles, avec l'application des modèles linéaires hiérarchiques. Au niveau de l'éducation, les populations étudiées ont une structure hiérarchique, par niveaux, c’est à dire: élèves, classes, écoles, etc., constituent une séquence normale de groupements nichés, de telle manière que les variables d'un niveau peuvent interagir avec d’autres variables de l'intérieur d'un même niveau hiérarchique ou d'un niveau différent. Les modèles statistiques plus adéquats à l'analyse des données de cette nature sont les modèles linéaires hiérarchiques (MLH). Ils incorporent la variabilité existante entre les écoles et intra écoles, bien comme d'autres facteurs contextuels – de nature sociale, culturelle ou familière – qui exercent une influence dans le parcours scolaire de l’élève
Abstract In the last few decades the schools have been crowded and that developed the heterogeneity and the cultural diversity of the students with interests and various motivations, turning the formation of classes into very different characteristics between them and their own elements, where the motivations, the interests, social and economical levels, the aptitudes and the resources are different and multi-diversified. Has the school answered and/or contributed (and will be able to) to the lack of qualifications derived from the social and technological changings? Which is, therefore, the influence of the Public School in the professional choices and which is the importance taken from there in the future social and professional insertion of the students? The aim of this study is to contribute for the understanding the school has, could and should have in the students’ opinion and decision process about their professional perspectives, with the application of hierarchical linear models. In Education, the studied populations have a structure defined by levels, that is: pupils, classes, schools, etc. They constitute a natural sequence of groups gathered in such a way that a level variables can interact with other variables, in the same hierarchic level or others. The statistic models more adequate to this type of data analysis are the hierarchical linear models (HLM). They incorporate the existing variability inside and among each school, as well as other contextual factors - of social, cultural or familiar kind - which have great influence in the student school way