Academic literature on the topic 'Cournot'

Le philosophe et économiste A. Cournot écrit à soixante-trois ans une volumineuse histoire de l'éducation en France. Il manifeste une conception réaliste originale de l'enseignement en démontrant que ce sont les institutions sociales qui déterminent les institutions éducatives et non l'inverse. Ses préoccupations prioritaires vont au système de formation des enseignants, au contenu des programmes aux examens et à la sélection. Il propose une pédagogie expérimentale qui permettrait de mieux connaitre et de mieux orienter les élèves en fonction des nécessités sociales, économiques et culturelles. Il estime nécessaire de conserver les modèles du passé, tout en étant résolument tourné vers l'avenir. A travers l'analyse du système éducatif on retrouve ses préoccupations philosophiques : qu'est-ce que l'homme, qu'est-ce que le citoyen, qu'est-ce que vivre ? Ce sont les accumulations de connaissances et d'idées se manifestant dans tous les domaines qui permettent le progrès de l'esprit et de l'humanité<br>The philosopher and economist A. Cournot wrote, at the age of sixty-three, a voluminous history of education in France. He presents an original and realistic conception of teaching, by demonstrating that it is social institutions that determine economic institutions and not the contrary. He is concerned first and foremost with the system of teacher training, the content of the curriculum, and with examens and selection. He puts foward a set of experimental teaching methods which enable us to better understand and orientate the pupils according to their social, economic and cultural needs. He considers it necessary to retain the models of the past, whilist at the same time looking determinedly towards the future. In his analysis of the education system we encounter his philosophical concerns : what is man ? what is a citizen ? what is existence ? It is this amassing of knowledge and ideas in every domain which allows the avancement of the mind of humanity

La these se propose d'etudier lma relation qui unit la representation cournotienne des probabilites a sa philiosophie de la connaissance, pour montrer comment elles se conditionnent l'une l'autre. La reflexion philosophique de cournot sur la theorie mathematique des probabilites met en place une double distinction entre probabilites objective et subjective d'une part, probabilites mathematique et philosophique de l'autre, ce faisant, la demarche de cournot conduit a assigner au calcul des probalites le statut d'une theorie mathematique pure et a asseoir la connaissance du reel sur une dimension probabiliste, ou se lit l'orginalite de cournot tant dans l'histoire du calcul des probabilites que dans la philosophie des sciences. Dans un premier moment, la these analyse les conditions theoriques et historiques de l'interpretation cournotienne des probabilites, a savoir la nature des relations entre philosphie et calcul des probabilites, l'histoire du calcul des probalites dans sa periode classique, enfin sa relation a cette combinatoire generalisee que cournot nomme "syntactique", ceci permet d'etudier la doctrine probabiliste de cournot, c'est-a-dire d'interroger les problemes que soulevent sa theorie objectiviste du hassard, la facon dont il assure a la probalite mathematique une valeur objective, et, en consequence, la nature et la portee des applications du calcul des probabilites et de la statistique. Le troisieme moment de la these complete l'analyse precedente en interrogeant sa relation a la philosophie cournotienne de la connaissance : elle examine la nature des probabilites philosophiques et leur relation a la distin ction entre ordre rationnel et ordre logique, le rapport des mathematiques au reeal, le statut de l'induction, de la finalite et leurs relations a la theorie du hascard<br>The thesis aims to study the link between cournot's idea of probabilities and his philosophy cognition to emphathize their reciporcal influence. Cournot's philosophical reflection on the mathematical theory of probabilities shows a double distinction between objective and subjective probilities on the one hand, mathematical and philosophical probabilities on the other hand. Thus cournot's approach leads to give the calculus of probabilities the status of a pure mathematical theory and to establish the apprehension of reality on a probabilistic ground, where cournot's originality lies regarding the history of the calmculus of probabilities as much as the philosophy of science. The thesis first analyses the theoreticaland historical conditions of cournot's interpretation of probalilities, meaning the kind of connections between philosophy and the calculus of probabilities, then the hisotory of the calculus of probabilities in its classical period, and then its connection to the peneralized combinatory cournot calls "syntactic". That leads to a study of cournot's probabilistic doctrine, examining the problems his objectivistic theory of chance brings forward, the wary he grants the mathematical probability objective value, then and consequently the nature and reach of the applications of the calculus of probabilities and statistics. The third part of the thesis completes the previous analysis, examining its connection to cournot's philosophy of cognition ; it investigates the nature of philosophical probabilities and their relations to the distinction between rational order and logical order, the relation between mathematics and reality, the nature of induction, finality and their connections to the chance theory

Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 15, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. X. H. Wang Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

In duopoly Cournot competition with sequential moves, it is well known that each player prefers Stackelberg leadership without demand uncertainty. We study the same game when the demand is uncertain, and firms possess some private information about the uncertain demand. There are two effects of private information in this game. First, when the Stackelberg leader moves first, its private information is leaked to, or inferred by the Stackelberg follower via the output quantity. Hence, the Stackelberg follower makes decision based on more accurate information than the leader. Second, the leader incurs a cost to signal its information to the follower, which hurts the leader. Both effects hurt the Stackelberg leader, then the follower may earn more ex ante profit than the leader. When the demand is continuous, Gal-or (1987) assumes that firms follow linear decision rules and reports that the follower always sets a higher output quantity than the leader and earns more profit than the leader. However, our study finds that it is true if and only if the demand is unboundedly distributed. Otherwise, the Stackelberg leader's Pareto-optimal output quantity is not linear in its private information unless it observes the highest signal, and the follower does not always earn more ex ante profit than the leader. When the demand is discretely distributed, we study how the number of demand states influences the effect of cost of signaling. With more demand states, the effect of cost of signaling on the leader becomes more significant, and the follower may earn more ex ante profit than the leader.

In diesem Beitrag wird die Profitabilität und Wohlfahrtseffekte einer horizontalen Unternehmensfusion in einem räumlichen Wettbewerbsmodell mit asymmetrischer Nachfrage untersucht. Die Untersuchung wird für drei Unternehmen durchgeführt, von denen zwei miteinander fusionieren und eins unabhängig von dem fusionierten Unternehmen agiert. Die Standardtheorie über Unternehmensfusionen impliziert, dass Fusionen auf Grund des “business stealing effect” in integrierten Märkten häufig nicht profitabel sind. Die Resultate der Analyse im räumlichen Modell mit asymmetrischer Nachfragestruktur zeigen, dass dies in diesem Modellrahmen nicht zwingend so ist; eine Unternehmensfusion kann profitabel und wohlfahrtssteigernd sein, falls der Transportkostensatz relativ hoch ist und die Märkte eine nicht zu asymmetrische Größe aufweisen.

L'obiettivo di questa tesi è quello di applicare alcune nozioni tipiche dei sistemi dinamici discreti a una situazione economica. Si considerano vari casi di oligopolio, secondo il modello di Cournot, e si osserva che un sistema di n competitori inizia a essere instabile con l'aumentare di n. Si approfondisce poi il caso di un duopolio simmetrico in cui i competitori hanno limitate capacità produttive. Se ne studiano i punti di equilibrio e la loro stabilità e, considerando la funzione di reazione, si osserva che le variazioni degli attrattori prodotte da cambiamenti dei parametri nella funzione dei costi sono dovute alle border-collision bifurcations, cioè all'urto di tali attrattori con le discontinuità della funzione di reazione. Si danno in ultimo alcuni strumenti per trovare i bacini di attrazione.