Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cours d'eau – Jaugeage'
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Simeoni-Sauvage, Sabine. "Modélisation hydrobiogéochimique de la Garonne à l'étiage estival : cas de l'azote entre Toulouse et Agen (120 kilomètres)." Toulouse, INPT, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPT042H.
Full textGouze, Jean-Claude. "Étude statistique des précipitations sur la région toulousaine et l'Aveyron et application de processus de transformation pluie-débit à la prévision des crues sur l'Aveyron." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT027H.
Full textSavy, Benoît. "Hydro-limnologie du haut bassin de la Charente : une approche géographique appliquée aux relations lac de barrage - émissaire : la température de l'eau en aval des lacs de Lavaud et Mas Chaban." Limoges, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIMO2012.
Full textHamaï, Kamal. "Modèles d'estimation du débit d'écoulement dans les cours d'eau naturels utilisant la méthode «vitesse index»." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23981/23981.pdf.
Full textLang, Claire. "Etiages et étirements : vers quelle modélisations ? : l'approche conceptuelle et l'analyse statistique en réponse à la diversité spatiale des écoulements en étiage des cours d'eau de l'Est français." Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ016L/document.
Full textHydrological drought of the last years, especialty the summer 2003, has clealy shown the vulnerability of human activitie exposed to water scarcity. Public authorities who use to monitor hydrological extermes should provide water resource .assessment and forecasting tools. The work relates to low analysis of rivers located in Rhine and Meuse basins. The contrasted physiographic characteristics are observed in order to be compared. The purpose in to propose a single mode fficient for all basins. Methods and modelling are based on recession analysis because during drought period the discharged of rivers essentially comes from groundwater flow. Finally uncertainties related to conceptual aspects have reduced by statistical and probability approaches
Makosso, Julien. "Exploitation de gravières en zone aquifère." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0023.
Full textThis research work concerned the exploitation of gravel pits located in aquifer zones and their impacts about flowrates and water quality. Three examples are studied : -Garon valley (69) ; -Vaudreuil sweep (27) ; - Miribel-Jonage isle (69 and 01). Using the fifferent results, we developed a general methodology to be used before any exploitation
Lejeune, Olivier. "Dynamiques d'érosion des bas plateaux de l'Est de la France : l'exemple du bassin-versant amont de la Marne." Reims, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REIML010.
Full textIn the heart of Paris basin, the Marne valley remained an area not well known from a geomorphologic point of view despite a few specific and often old studies, while the other surrounding valleys were the subject of many works. The objective of this work consists in trying to overwhelm this gap by bringing a certain number of new information, thus offering a better comprehension of the geomorphologic evolution of the Marne valley since the beginning of its cashing in the limestone plateau of the East of France. This work takes into account various temporal scales. Thus, this thesis proceeds according to three steps of time : 1) In the first part, the stages of the incision of the Marne valley during the Quaternary are described. This work is based on the study of the geomorphological and sedimentological indices, left by the Marne and its tributary rivers at the time of their cashing. These indices are also the subject of absolute datings, which allow to determine speeds of incision, which are then compared to the other rivers of the Paris basin. Seven levels of incision were defined, ordonating in three steps. The oldest step corresponds to two vast gutters, encased in summit surface. The second step coincides with one strong incision period where three levels of terraces are staged. The third step corresponds to the filling of the bottom of the valley in which two levels of incision are encased. This information allow to bring a new insight on the old assumptions, which thought that the upper Marne belonged formerly to the Meuse basin, while passing by the valleys of Ornain-Saulx, Aisne and Bar. These hypothesis appeared to be unfounded. 2) In the second part, the more recent events (Weichsélien/Tardiglaciaire/Holocene) are examined. They worked out the bottom of the Marne valley. The processes and the chronology of the alluvial filling of the bottom of the valley are explained. Then, the evolution of the bottom of the valley on a secular and annual scale is studied. The impact of human installations and the climatic variations are highlighted in order to explain the river dynamics of the Marne. Finally, an evaluation of the specific degradation in the Marne basin at the exit of the limestone plateau allow to replace this basin in the general geomorphologic context of the East of France. 3) In the third part, the use of hydrological methods revealed at the same time transfers of water inside a catchment area and towards the basins contiguous slopes. Some sectors of generalized infiltration, loss, average output and strong output appeared, meaning a divergence or a concentration of the flows according to the morpho-structural partitioning of the aquifers limestones and the differentials of incision of the valleys. A grid hydrogeologic of the interfluves between overdrawn and surplus sectors in water is obtained, which prove the water transfers. This process constitutes the " active stream piracy " often corroborated by hydrogeologic trackings. These "active captures", revealed by these methods in hot or interglacial period, prepare future hydrographic captures of surface, commonly recognized at the beginning of cold phase
Pelletier, Antoine. "Nappes et rivières : la piézométrie peut-elle améliorer la modélisation des étiages des cours d'eau ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS529.
Full textReliable forecasting tools of river low-flows are necessary to adapt to droughts intensified by climate change. Among hydrological processes in catchments, those involving aquifers are crucial for droughts: indeed, aquifers have the ability to store water on the long run, which gives them a role in sustaining streamflow when the other components of the catchment do not contribute to streamflow any more. We explored the integration of groundwater level data as a possible way to improve low-flow modelling. First, we gathered a set of 107 French catchments, each of them being associated with one or several piezometers, which are representative of the catchment hydrogeological context. Then, we explored multiyear dynamics of streamflow and groundwater level time series, using two methods: hydrograph separation and study of data yearly statistics. Finally, we developed and validated a lumped conceptual hydrological model able to simulate both streamflow and groundwater level. We evaluated this model as a low-flow forecasting tool and we tried to improve its performance by assimilating observed data into the model. This work is an inter-disciplinary approach of river low-flows
Rocha, Nestor Raul. "Débits de crue et analyse hydrologique de petits bassins versants." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30696/30696.pdf.
Full textRenard, Benjamin. "Détection et prise en compte d'éventuels impacts du changement climatique sur les extrêmes hydrologiques en France." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0095.
Full textClimate change is widely considered as a reality by scientists. Nevertheless, impacts on hydrological extremes are more difficult to observe and to predict. The aim of this thesis is to answer the following questions: How to detect changes in hydro-climatic series? What are the observed changes for extreme discharges in France? How to take into account possible changes in frequency analysis? These objectives refer to both the local and the regional scales. For this purpose, methodological aspects have been explored, by evaluating the benefit ofusing statistical tools like the Bayesian analysis or the use of copulas as a model for spatial dependence
Catalogne, Clotaire. "Amélioration des méthodes de prédétermination des débits de référence d'étiage en sites peu ou pas jaugés." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENU030/document.
Full textEstimating water availability along the river network is a pre-requirement for water management purposes before defining water allocation at catchment scale. In France, rules for water allocation is partly based on QMNA5, the annual minimum monthly flow with a return period of 5 years ; QMNA5 is derived from time series with extended records of natural or naturalized discharges at gauged sites. In most cases, data is not warranted. Three contexts can be identified: (i) gauged site with short records, (ii) site with spot gauging data and (iii) no data available.This thesis aims at developing a general framework for estimating QMNA5 by using all the hydrological data available in the neighbouring of the location of interest (including short discharge records and spot gauging data). Different methods and strategies were adapted to data availability and tested on a large dataset. Their efficiency and sensitivity to the data collection strategy, the definition of neighbouring,… were assessed by cross validation and uncertainties were provided through a confidence interval. Lastly the most efficient methods for deriving QMNA5 are used to draw a national map with estimates along the main river network.In conclusion, one of most significant result can be illustrated by comparing the efficiency of the estimates according to the quantity of information available on the target location. Results show that a significant gain in accuracy in the estimated QMNA5 values, even when using only a few sporadic measurements to supplement regional information. The improvement depends on the amount of available data and the use of short record is logically more advantageous than the valuation of spot gauging data. Nevertheless, spot gauging data may offer obvious advantages in terms of monitoring at locations where embedment of a permanent gauging station is uneasy. Therefore using spot gauging data can be seen as a possible cost-effective trade-off to supply a reliable enough estimation for particular location of interest
Despax, Aurélien. "Incertitude des mesures de débit des cours d’eau au courantomètre. Amélioration des méthodes analytiques et apports des essais interlaboratoires." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU009/document.
Full textDuring crisis (droughts or floods) hydrometric data are essential for decisions, in real-time, related to water resource management but also afterwards in cases of disagreement. Discharge measurements are the first step to produce such data and associated uncertainty has to be estimated in order to make coherent decisions. Although discharge measurements techniques have improved in recent years, uncertainty analysis is still a challenge in hydrometry.This study aims to estimate uncertainty in discharge measurements using the velocity-area method with potential perspective of ISO 748 standard updating. Different analytical methods, that follow the guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement, are available in the literature, all with their own limitations and drawbacks. To address the limitations of existing methods, this study presents a new methodology, called FLAURE, to estimate the uncertainty components. Special attention is given to the estimation of u’m component related to cross-sectional interpolation errors. High-resolution reference gaugings are used to assess the uncertainty component through a statistical analysis. The method then establishes an explicit link between the estimation of cross-sectional interpolation errors and a sampling quality index.It is a challenging task to assess which analytical method provides the best uncertainty estimation due to the lack of streamflow measurement reference standards in natural streams. A useful tool to empirically estimate the uncertainty of a gauging method is the field inter-laboratory experiments. This study presents a comparison between analytical methods and two field inter-laboratory experiments. The comparison has shown the limits of these two approaches and has not highlighted the best analytical method. However, further comparisons, with various site conditions, between the two approaches will probably consolidate analytical methods and improve the reliability of discharge uncertainty estimates
Rouhier, Laura. "Régionalisation d'un modèle hydrologique distribué pour la modélisation de bassins non jaugés. Application aux vallées de la Loire et de la Durance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS316.
Full textTo provide reliable simulations, hydrological models usually require the calibration of their parameters over streamflow data. However, the latter are limited and most of the catchments remained ungauged. Consequently, alternative methods termed ‘regionalization’ are needed to estimate model parameters. The thesis proposes to combine the three classical methods in order to regionalize the parameters of a distributed model over two large French catchments: the Loire catchment at Gien and the Durance catchment at Cadarache. On the basis of the three regionalization methods, the degree of spatialization is adapted to the different model parameters according to their characteristics and their hydrological role. In fine, the proposed multi-method and multi-pattern approach (i) significantly reduces the number of degrees of freedom, (ii) improves the representation of the catchment physical variability, and (iii) significantly improves the performance of the simulations. In the ungauged context, the parameter spatialization allows an improvement of about 10%, and in particular, the multi-method and multi-pattern povides an improvement of about 7% compared to a single regionalization method. Despite these improvements, the impact of the climatic input spatialization remains 6 times greater than th parameter spatialization
Jaillet, Joëlle. "Reconnaissance hydrogéologique en région de socle par l'analyse de tarissements de bassins versants et d'essais sur forages (Ouest du Massif central, France)." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20002.
Full textHauet, Alexandre. "Estimation de débit et mesure de vitesse en rivière par Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00116889.
Full textUne station LSPIV de mesure en continu et temps réel a été mise en place sur la rivière Iowa à Iowa City (USA). Les premières années de fonctionnement ont montré des estimations LSPIV de débit en bonne concordance avec la courbe de tarage du site et avec des mesures classiques réalisées au moulinet. L'établissement d'une importante base de données a permis une étude de sensibilité de la technique. Les sources d'erreur affectant la mesure ont été identifiées et quantifiées. L'étude de sensibilité a été affinée grâce à un simulateur numérique de la mesure LSPIV en rivière, outils capitalisant notre connaissance de la mesure et permettant d'évaluer l'importance relative de différentes sources d'erreur pour une situation donnée.
Une unité LSPIV motorisée (camionnette équipée d'un bras télescopique et d'une caméra) a été développée pour permettre l'application de la méthode en sites difficiles d'accès. Cette unité s'est montrée efficace, donnant des résultats d'excellentes qualités sur les différents sites testés. Des mesures LSPIV de champ de vitesse de surface ont été utilisées par ailleurs pour la validation de la modélisation hydraulique d'une zone d'écoulement complexe (la lône de Port-Galand sur l'Ain) et pour une étude de reconstitution de formes de fond de chenal en laboratoire.
Le, Normant Catherine. "Modélisation numérique tridimensionnelle des processus de transport des sédiments cohésifs en environnement estuarien." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT014H.
Full textLeymarie, Eloi. "Gestion et cultures de l'eau dans le sud du bassin garonnais : l'aménagement hydraulique face aux aquosités." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100128.
Full textIn the South-West from the region of Toulouse, the project of the reservoir of Charlas has met the clear opposition of the population and the environmental association for 20 years. While the needs for water stil) increases, the classical hydraulic solution to the water shortage seems now to create more problems rather than to resolve them. The recent freeze of the hydraulic development imbalances, in an original way, the assessment between supply and demand in water in the Garonne basin. Actually, the controversy from Charlas points out the contradiction between two points of view on water, two sensitivities and two culture regarding water that everything seems to tear apart. The pros and cons on Charlas depend on the approach taken, whether one insists on economic resources (such as irrigation) or on the necessity of the water environment preservation. The fact that the project does not get forward anymore can be understood as the surge of the "water heritage" in respect to the opposition power of the "economical water". The South-West of France is a region of interest as there, two territories (the hillsides of Gascogne and the valley of the Garonne) became interdependent due to the water shortage. What is at stake for the two of them creates a cleavage of interest leading to a rivalry. On the one hand, in Gascogne the water availability is understood as a socio-economic development. On the other hand, in the Garonne valley priority is given to the rebuilding of the natural low water level. Here the environmental heritage is at stake
Mahdade, Mounir. "Vers une représentation parcimonieuse de la variabilité morphologique des rivières non-jaugées adaptée au problème inverse hauteur-débit." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS168.
Full textThe lack of in situ measurements in ungauged rivers prevents the construction of rating curves, useful for several hydrological and hydraulic applications. In recent decades, the idea of estimating discharges by remote sensing methods has emerged, based on the principle of constructing a link between water elevation and discharge. However, this change is accompanied by a change in the scale of the elevation measurement, which is no longer attached to a cross-section but to the reach, leading to the notion of a reach-average rating curve under the same assumptions as a cross-section rating curve. This thesis treats the construction of such a curve. Since the parameters of friction, bathymetry and discharge are unknown, and to reduce the dimensionality of the problem, a hydromorphological study shows that the geometrical variability of rivers can be represented in 2D periodic model whose planform is based on a Kinoshita curve. In order to test and validate this model, a 2D reference simulation is produced on a 40km reach of the Garonne River with a continuous high-resolution topography. The simulated free surface can be considered as a set of "pseudo-observations" like those that will be produced by the SWOT mission. The 2D direct hydraulic model is based on a non-uniform geometric simplification (periodic model) and a solver of the Saint-Venant equations (Basilisk). A stochastic inversion by genetic algorithm allows to estimate the reach-averaged rating curve in a stationary regime by testing the geometrical and friction parameters that best reconstitute the observed signatures
Ioana-Toroimac, Gabriela. "La dynamique hydrogéomorphologique de la rivière Prahova (Roumanie) : fonctionnement actuel, évolution récente et conséquences géographiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10091/document.
Full textThe purpose of this paper is to contribute to a better knowledge of the Carpathian rivers' dynamics using a hydrogeomorphological approach, based on the analysis of cartographic documents, field observations and discharge data series. This approach is applied to the Prahova River. In 1900, Prahova River was creating: a sector of sinuous channel with braiding tendency in the Carpathians, a sector of braided channels in the Subcarpathians and in the piedmont Plain of Ploiesti which were turning into wandering channels on the last kilometres of the same plain and a sector of meandering channels in the subsidence Plain of Gherghita-Sarata. Between 1900 and 2005, the braidplain migrated laterally, narrowed and incised locally, thus favouring the emergence and development of a riparian forest. These processes endanger the transport infrastructure following Prahova valley in the Carpathians and in the Subcarpathians. The meanders which were cutt-off between 1855 and 1980 keep inside oxbow swamps; after 1980, the free and anchored meandering channel became less active. In the meandering sector, the frequency of the bankfull discharge exceeds 3 years and the decennial floods endanger the residential areas. This evolution is the consequence of the environmental changes and of the human interventions in the Prahova catchment after 1970. In conclusion, it is necessary to protect the Prahova River’s freedom space and to take into account the principle of longitudinal connectivity in order to prevent the river dynamics risk and to preserve the fluvial landscape diversity and the alluvial wetlands
Salou, Boris Idriss Gervais. "Estimation des apports au lac Saint-Charles à l'aide du modèle hydrologique SWAT." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25970/25970.pdf.
Full textGarcia, Florine. "Amélioration d'une modélisation hydrologique régionalisée pour estimer les statistiques d'étiage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066653.
Full textEstimating low-flow indices is of paramount importance to understand low flows and to manage water resources and risk assessments. These indices are derived from time-series of river discharges that are measured at gauged sites over long periods. At ungauged sites, the indices must be estimated. This research work is part of a project to improve “LoiEau”, a software package that is used by French regional environmental or water agencies. The main objective is to develop a simple and flexible rainfall-runoff model to simulate low-flow indices of ungauged sites at daily or longer time intervals. The model simplicity relies on the strong assumption that two free parameters are sufficient to provide accurate enough estimates of low-flow indices, yet making easier the regionalisation of models. The model accuracy depends on the objective function that is used to calibrate model parameters on gauged sites and had to be adapted to low-flow simulations. The model is flexible in the sense that it is designed to fit to a wide variety of catchments and hydro-meteorological behaviours. This model was compared with GR4J, a daily rainfall-runoff model which involves four parameters, and LoiEau, a monthly model. Comparisons were also carried out with a stochastic estimation method applied to a specific low-flow index. This research work shows the potential of the two-parameter model, but also the advantage of a daily time step to account for the temporal variability of precipitations, which is not without consequence on the assessment of average discharges due to the nonlinearity of rainfall-runoff models
Payan, Jean-Luc. "Prise en compte de barrages-réservoirs dans un modèle global pluie-débit." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003555.
Full textBraneyre, Martine. "Modélisation des échanges nappe-rivières : application à la détermination des zones sensibles aux remontées de nappe sur la communauté urbaine de Strasbourg." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20182.
Full textRouhier, Laura. "Régionalisation d'un modèle hydrologique distribué pour la modélisation de bassins non jaugés. Application aux vallées de la Loire et de la Durance." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS316/document.
Full textTo provide reliable simulations, hydrological models usually require the calibration of their parameters over streamflow data. However, the latter are limited and most of the catchments remained ungauged. Consequently, alternative methods termed ‘regionalization’ are needed to estimate model parameters. The thesis proposes to combine the three classical methods in order to regionalize the parameters of a distributed model over two large French catchments: the Loire catchment at Gien and the Durance catchment at Cadarache. On the basis of the three regionalization methods, the degree of spatialization is adapted to the different model parameters according to their characteristics and their hydrological role. In fine, the proposed multi-method and multi-pattern approach (i) significantly reduces the number of degrees of freedom, (ii) improves the representation of the catchment physical variability, and (iii) significantly improves the performance of the simulations. In the ungauged context, the parameter spatialization allows an improvement of about 10%, and in particular, the multi-method and multi-pattern povides an improvement of about 7% compared to a single regionalization method. Despite these improvements, the impact of the climatic input spatialization remains 6 times greater than th parameter spatialization
Pushpalatha, Raji. "Simulation et prévision des étiages sur des bassins versants français : Approche fondée sur la modélisation hydrologique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGPT0012.
Full textLong-term stream low-flow forecasting is one of the emerging issues in hydrology due to the escalating demand of water in dry periods. Reliable long-lead (a few weeks to months in advance) streamflow forecasts can improve the management of water resources and thereby the economy of the society and the conditions for aquatic life. The limited studies on low flows in the literature guided us to address some of the existing issues in low-flow hydrology, mainly on low-flow simulation and forecasting. Our ultimate aim to develop an ensemble approach for long-term low-flow forecasting includes several prior steps such as characterisation of low flows, evaluation of some of the existing model's simulation efficiency measures, development of a better model version for low-flow simulation, and finally the integration of an ensemble forecasting approach. A set of catchments distributed over France with various hydrometeorological conditions are used for model evaluation. This data set was first analysed and low flows were characterized using various indices. Our objective to better evaluate the models' low-flow simulation models resulted in the proposition of a criterion based on the Nash-Sutcliffe criterion, but calculated on inverse flows to put more weight on the errors on extreme low flows. The results show that this criterion is better suited to evaluate low-flow simulations than other commonly used criteria. Then a structural sensitivity analysis was carried out to develop an improved model structure to simulate stream low flows. Some widely used models were selected here as base models to initiate the sensitivity analysis. The developed model, GR6J, reaches better performance in both low- as well as high-flow conditions compared to the other tested existing models. Due to the complexity of rainfall-runoff processes and the uncertainty linked to future meteorological conditions, we developed an ensemble modelling approach to issue forecasts and quantify their associated uncertainty. Thus the ensemble approach provides a range of future flow values over the forecasting window. Here observed (climatological) rainfall and temperature were used as meteorological scenarios fed the model to issue the forecasts. To reduce the level of uncertainty linked to the hydrological model, various combinations of simple updating procedures and output corrections were tested. A straightforward approach, similar to what can be done for flood forecasting, was selected as it proved the most efficient. Last, attempts were made to improve the forecast quality on catchments influenced by dams, by accounting for the storage variations in upstream dams. Tested on the Seine and Loire basins, the approach showed mixed results, indicating the need for further investigations
Mansanarez, Valentin. "Non-unique stage-discharge relations : Bayesian analysis of complex rating curves and their uncertainties." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU006/document.
Full textComplex rating curves, with stage and additional variables as inputs are necessary to establish streamflow records at sites where the stage-discharge relation is non-unique. Within the same Bayesian framework, hydraulically-based methods are introduced and tested to develop complex rating curves and estimate their uncertainties: stage-gradient-discharge (SGD) models to address hysteresis due to transient flow, stage-fall-discharge (SFD) models to address variable backwater at twin gauge stations, stage-period-discharge (SPD) model to address net rating changes due to bed evolution. Each model was applied to contrasting hydrometric stations and evaluated through sensitivity analyses. For each of the three sources of non-uniqueness in the stage-discharge relation, the proposed Bayesian methods provide not only quantitative uncertainty analysis but also efficient solutions to recurrent problems with the traditional procedures for complex ratings
Chevallier, Pierre. "Complexité hydrologique du petit bassin versant : exemple en savane humide, Booro-Borotou (Côte-d'Ivoire)." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20221.
Full textPushpalatha, Raji. "Simulation et prévision des étiages sur des bassins versants français : Approche fondée sur la modélisation hydrologique." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00912565.
Full textEcrepont, Stéphane. "Analyse des effets d'échelle, d'organisation spatiale et de structuration géomorphologique pour la modélisation des débits et de flux hydrochimiques en bassins non jaugés." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B007/document.
Full textThe knowledge of hydrological and hydrochemical dynamics is essential for policy makers to develop appropriate policies of remediation, but this goal is hard to achieve in « ungauged catchments ». Through the inversion of a geomorphology-based hydrological modelling, the net rainfall entering the stream network is assessed from a gauged catchment. This net rainfall is scale independant and can be convoluted in another (ungauged) catchment. This method is applied for the first time in a pluvio-nival context on 21 catchments from Québec. Success of the simulation depends of the hydrological similarity between gauged and ungauged catchments, which is defined as the ensemble of caracteristics insuring a close functionning. We test how riverwater chemical composition reveals this similarity through a synoptic spectral analysis developped on western France. Groups of catchments are identified by their spatial homogeneity/heterogeneoty of the hydrochemical facies, and the area at which hydrochemical stabilisation occurs. This result suggest that riverwater chemical composition is informative of a hydrological similarity. This hypothesis is successfully tested on six mesoscale catchments, by transposing hydrographs and concentration discharge relatioships (CQ), best transpositions are associated to similar catchments. Finally, the coupling of hydrological simulation to CQ curves allowed the prediction of hydrochemical fluxes in ungauged catchments with a 15 minutes timestep
Cadier, Eric. "Hydrologie des petits bassins du Nordeste brésilien semi-aride." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20257.
Full textKouame, Brou. "Adéquation de différents modèles globaux pluie-débit pour déterminer les apports en eau dans les zones de transition et de forêt de la Côte - d'Ivoire : essai de régionalisation des paramètres." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20249.
Full textGarcia, Florine. "Amélioration d'une modélisation hydrologique régionalisée pour estimer les statistiques d'étiage." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066653/document.
Full textEstimating low-flow indices is of paramount importance to understand low flows and to manage water resources and risk assessments. These indices are derived from time-series of river discharges that are measured at gauged sites over long periods. At ungauged sites, the indices must be estimated. This research work is part of a project to improve “LoiEau”, a software package that is used by French regional environmental or water agencies. The main objective is to develop a simple and flexible rainfall-runoff model to simulate low-flow indices of ungauged sites at daily or longer time intervals. The model simplicity relies on the strong assumption that two free parameters are sufficient to provide accurate enough estimates of low-flow indices, yet making easier the regionalisation of models. The model accuracy depends on the objective function that is used to calibrate model parameters on gauged sites and had to be adapted to low-flow simulations. The model is flexible in the sense that it is designed to fit to a wide variety of catchments and hydro-meteorological behaviours. This model was compared with GR4J, a daily rainfall-runoff model which involves four parameters, and LoiEau, a monthly model. Comparisons were also carried out with a stochastic estimation method applied to a specific low-flow index. This research work shows the potential of the two-parameter model, but also the advantage of a daily time step to account for the temporal variability of precipitations, which is not without consequence on the assessment of average discharges due to the nonlinearity of rainfall-runoff models
Munier, Simon. "Modélisation intégrée des écoulements pour la gestion en temps réel d'un bassin versant anthropisé." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00525756.
Full textCaillouet, Laurie. "Reconstruction hydrométéorologique des étiages historiques en France entre 1871 et 2012." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU011/document.
Full textExtreme low-flow events have significant consequences on numerous socio-economic fields. Hydroclimate projections for the 21st century suggest an increase in low-flow severity and frequency. Nevertheless, projected events as well as recent observed events can hardly be put into a sufficiently long historical perspective due to the lack of hydrometeorological data before the 1970s. This work proposes to improve the knowledge on past extreme low-flow events having affected France since the end of the 19th century thanks to a hydrometeorological reconstruction. It also provides a new methodological framework to study these extreme events.Information on the atmospheric synoptic situation since the end of the 19th century have recently been released to the scientific community through extended global reanalyses like the Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR). This work introduces the SCOPE method that provides local meteorological reconstructions on the entire France derived from the 20CR reanalysis. SCOPE produces a 25-member ensemble of spatially coherent meteorological series of daily precipitation, temperature and evapotranspiration over the 1871-2012 period and on a 64 km² grid covering France. This dataset, called SCOPE Climate, is then used as forcings to run continuous hydrological simulations over more than 600 near-natural French catchments leading to a 25-member ensemble of daily streamflow time series -- called SCOPE Hydro -- between 1871 and 2012. SCOPE Climate and SCOPE Hydro show a relatively high skill during validation experiments against independent data.Spatio-temporal extreme low-flow events are finally identified and characterised from SCOPE Hydro reconstructed series. The events are first locally identified based on deficit characteristics under a novel combination of a fixed threshold and a daily variable threshold. A spatial matching procedure at the scale of France is developed in order to spatially assemble local extreme events into the same spatio-temporal event. After these steps, an event can either be studied at the local or national scale through its spatial extent, duration or severity characteristics. This work identified past and little known exceptional extreme events (1878, 1893, 1942-1949) or recent but poorly documented events (1972, 1978, 1985) besides well-known events (1921, 1976, 1989-1990, 2011). The evolution of these events since 1871 shows that a greater proportion of the French territory is affected by extreme low-flow events since the 1940s. A good coherence is found between reconstructed events and documentary sources on historical droughts.This work contributes to timely scientific issues, especially within the context of climate change and its hydrological impacts. This work proposes two innovative methods on multivariate statistical downscaling and spatio-temporal identification of extreme low-flow events. It also produced two reference hydroclimatic datasets that may be used in any study requiring long hydrometeorological series