Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cours de la Géomorphologie'
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Dobroniak, Christine. "Géomorphologie, hydrodynamique et écologie d'un estuaire temperé macrotidal : l'Authie, Manche Orientale, France." Littoral, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DUNK0036.
Full textThe Authie is a macrotidal (mean estuary-mouth spring tide range = 8. 54 m) estuary that has been largely infilled by marine sand transported by fllord dominant tides and storm waves. The estuary, which forms the terminus of a short (98 km) coastal river in northern France, has a long history of human occupation and is located on a sand-rich coast characterized by nearshore banks and coastal dunes. The patterns of recent sedimentation and erosion within the estuary were deduced from analyses of historical documents, bathymetric charts, aerial photographs, and from field work involving several hydrodynamic surveys covering water levels, waves and currents, and topographic surveys of the north bank of the estuary. The results show rapid infill of the Authie as a result of both massive accretion of a south bank sand platform that has extended northwards across the estuary mouth, under the influence of wave – and tide – induced longshore sand transport, and estuarine retention of sand, through flood-dominant asymmetry, eroded from north bank dunes exposed to storm waves. This massive accretion has almost completely infilled the estuary mouth which lacks the linear tidal ridges and channels typical of unfilled macrotidal estuaries. It also increasingly conditions the distribution of the estuarine fauna and flora. Large-scale empoldering of the estuary may have exacerbated flood asymmetry. The localized erosion and generalized sedimentation at the mouth of th estuary pose a number of severe management problems, notably estuarine shoreline protection, and call into question the very survival of the estuary itself
Fourrière, Antoine. "Morphodynamisme des rivières : sélection de largueur, rides et dunes." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077014.
Full textThe river morphology results from the interplay between the turbulent flow over an erodible bed and the sediment transport dynamics. This PhD thesis investigates two river related problems, shedding some light on both aspects. We have investigated experimentally the river width selection problem, comparing measurements performed in the field and on laboratory micro-rivers. We have show, that the power-law relating width and water discharge results form the local river dynamics, and not from the self-organization of river basins. We have analyzed the mean velocity fields and shown that transverse diffusion of momentum should be taken into account to reproduce experimental measurements. In order to investigate the formation of ripples and dunes on a river bed, we have performed the linear stability analysis of a sand bed sheared by a turbulent flow. We have computed the turbulent flow over a relief and characterized the effect of the various dynamical mechanisms (inertia, hydrodynamic roughness, turbulent fluctuations, free surface). We have shown that ripples form by a primary linear instability and that their initial wavelength is governed by the sediment transport relaxation length. On the contrary, dunes form by progressive merging of bedforms. This non-linear pattern coarsening is limited by the stabilizing effect of the free surface. Moreover, the same general framework has allowed to address the formation of Aeolian giant dunes
Nguyen, Thi Hoang Anh. "Les particularités de la transformation du lit du Fleuve Rouge entre Viet Tri et Ha Noi de l'Holocène à aujourd'hui." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30063.
Full textThe relationship between Man and the Red River since the Holocene to date, has been interlocked and complex. This thesis tries to show the particularities of the Red River through human activities. The valley of the Red River gave rise to an agricultural civilisation whose human activities, in turn, influenced the transformations of the river bed. The focus of this study was Viet Tri (the zone of convergence) and Ha Noi (the zone of divergence) during the Holocene, but in today’s context. This thesis is divided into two parts: the first part studies the regime of the Red River and the distribution of the population according to the relief of the terraces of the river. The second part brings to light the evolution of the river and the role of the Hoa Binh dam. This part insists on the transformation (the erosion and the alleviation) of the bed of the Red River before and after the construction of the dam in 1988. Data were analysed by use of GIS (geographical information system) and Remote sensing (through satellite images and aerial photos) to find the tracks of the ancient rivers so as to localize the sections of dikes in danger and find the drainages of the floods of the river
Landon, Norbert. "L'évolution contemporaine du profil en long des affluents du Rhône moyen : constat régional et analyse d'un hydrosystème complexe : la Drôme." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040295.
Full textFerdinand, Laurie. "La plaine alluviale de la Moyenne Garonne toulousaine au cours de l’holocène : apport d’une approche croisée archéologie et géomorphologie." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20069/document.
Full textThrough the prism of multidisciplinarity, the dichotomy between environment and human impacts is reduced as strong interrelationships in thresholds have been demonstrated. The valleys are favored supports of human-environnement relations, and many rivers have been the subject of this type of study in recent years. The Garonne’s choice result of a scientific blank in the most part of the channel in the South West of France, especially the middle section. Therefore this work focuses on the study of the relationship between human occupation and the low plain from Toulouse to the confluence of the Tarn since 10000 years. The valley is 25km wide in Toulouse and is the first Pyrenean flood spreading area, enabling the recording of past occupations and the alluvial dynamic associated. Without local repository, geomorphological and archaeological chronological framework was established for the Holocene, based on works completed in European and continental channels. These two component were analyzed separately on the plain of the Garonne river with a multidisciplinary approach. The results show that the floodplain’s occupation is continuous since the Neolithic, despite restitution biased by modern development works and taphonomy. This aspect is characterized by a high mobility channel f the Garonne and the identification of at least two episodes of incision in the 2nd Holocene and a net sedimentation decrease since Antiquity
Gaillardet, Jérôme. "Géochimie comparée de deux grands systèmes fluviaux tropicaux : le Congo et l'Amazone : géochimie isotopique du bore dans les coraux : érosion des continents et pH de l'océan." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA077196.
Full textAntonelli, Christelle. "Flux sédimentaires et morphogénèse récente dans le chenal du Rhône aval." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10058.
Full textSeizilles, de Mazancourt Grégoire. "Forme d'équilibre d'une rivière." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077097.
Full textThe shape of alluvial rivers is controlled by the feedback between the water flow and sediment transport. The flow, depends on the shape of the banks. It then entrains sediments and modifies the shape of the bed. First, we discuss rivers without any sediment transport. In this case, the tangential stress exerted on the banks equals the threshold stress. This condition selects the river morphology and predicts the width and slope of the river as a function of the water discharge. These equations correctly predict the shape of laminar laboratory rivers. The application to field data is less satisfactory: the exponent of the scaling laws are well predicted but the aspect ratio of natural rivers is wider than predicted from the equations. We show that the shape of a river cross-section also depends on the sediment discharge. In addition to their downstream motion, sediments entrained by the flow show fluctuations of their cross-stream velocity, likely due to the roughness of the underlying sediment bed. This causes particles to disperse laterally. This lateral spreading is the manifestation of a random walk, which causes transverse Fickian diffusion. The shape of a river cross-section is selected by the balance between the transyerse flux of sediments induced by gravity and this diffusive process. This balance leads to new equations relating the river width and slope to the sediment and water discharges. In particular, increasing the sediment discharge increasing the aspect ratio and the slope of the river. Above a threshold aspect ratio, the river destabilizes and forms a braided river. This behavior is observed qualitatively in both laminar flow experiments and in nature
Zarki, Hamid. "Evolution de la sédimentation fluviatile en Basse Moulouya (Maroc) au cours de l'holocène." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR4025.
Full textOllive, Vincent. "Dynamique d’occupation anthropique et dynamique alluviale du Rhin au cours de l’Holocène : géoarchéologie du site d’Oedenburg (Haut-Rhin, France)." Dijon, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684794v2.
Full textA wide methodological approach has been completed on a part of the Upper Rhine River. This dataset shows : 1/ documentary flood frequency variations of the Rhine River and 13 other rivers during the last 800 years. 2/ changes in the Rhine River and floodplain dynamics during Little Ice Age before major anthropogenic river management of 19th century. Planform changes, riverine forest, land use evolution, and anthropological settlement processes are described and quantified. These results allow the identification of major stratigraphic agent factors role responsible of these changes. 3/ the alluvial landscape character where the Oedenburg site settled, together with the evolution of the riverine forest influenced by the Rhine River hydrodynamics. 4/ of settlement dynamics during Antiquity. Four major settlement phases have been evidenced by spatial distribution analysis of roman coins found by pedestrian prospecting during the last twenty years. Settlement dynamics may have been influenced by either historical or environmental impacts. 5/ variations in alluvial dynamics of the Rhine River during Antiquity such as high water table or flooding events
Creuzé, des Châtelliers Michel. "Dynamique de répartition des biocénoses interstitielles du Rhône en relation avec des caractéristiques géomorphologiques (secteurs de Brégnier-Cordon, Miribel-Jonage et Donzère-Mondragon)." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10033.
Full textOliveira, Adriana Olivia Sposito Alves [UNESP]. "Contribuição teórico-metodológica para o ensino de Geomorfologia." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105065.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O tema desta pesquisa se configura em compreender as bases teórico-metodológicas do ensino de Geomorfologia inseridas nos curso de Geografia das universidades públicas do estado de São Paulo. A pesquisa tem como objetivo principal compreender as bases teórico-metodológicas do ensino de Geomorfologia e contribuir para o ensino de Geomorfologia tendo em vista a análise das principais instituições públicas de ensino superior em de Geografia do estado de São Paulo. Constituem-se objetivos específicos da pesquisa: a) Analisar as obras bibliográficas que tratam sobre os diferentes significados (ideológicos, sociais, geográficos, aplicação do conhecimento prático) que podem ser atribuídos ao relevo no contexto do Ensino de Geomorfologia; b) Compreender as influências das principais correntes teóricas na explicação da formação da Terra, como o Catastrofismo, Uniformitarismo e o Evolucionismo e o reflexo destas sobre as Teorias Geomorfológicas que explicam o relevo terrestre; c) Compreender as principais influências das escolas de pensamento geomorfológico anglo-americana e germânica sobre o Ensino de Geomorfologia brasileiro instituído no estado de São Paulo, bem como as tendências de derivações atuais seguidas tanto no campo do ensino, como da pesquisa; d) Compreender as bases teórico-conceitual que sustentam as disciplinas de Geomorfologia inseridas no curso de Geografia (Teoria, conceitos, terminologias, processos, método científico, abordagem pedagógica); e) Analisar os procedimentos metodológicos gerais e específicos desenvolvidos pelos professores nas universidades; f) Analisar as formas de avaliação e verificação de aprendizagem e as principais dificuldades dos alunos percebidas pelos professores; g) Refletir sobre as considerações dos professores a respeito das principais dificuldades apresentadas pelos alunos; h) Analisar a percepção...
La thématique de cette recherche se configure à comprendre les bases théoriqueméthodologiques de l'enseignement de Géomorphologie dans les contexte de la discipline de la Géographie des universités publiques de l'État de São Paulo. La recherche a comme objectif principal comprendre les bases théoriqueméthodologiques de l'enseignement de la Géomorphologie et contribuer pour l'enseignement de la Géomorphologie par rapport l'analyse des principales institutions publiques d'enseignement supérieur de la Géographie de l'État de São Paulo. Se constituent des objectifs spécifiques de la recherche : a) Analyser les ouvrages bibliographiques qui traitent sur les différentes significations (idéologiques, sociales, géographiques, application de la connaissance pratique) qui peuvent être attribués au relief dans le contexte de l'Enseignement de la Géomorphologie; b) Comprendre les influences des principales approches théoriques dans l'explication de la formation de la Terre, comme le Catastrophisme, Uniformitarisme et l'Evolucionisme et le réflexe sur les Théories Géomorphologiques qui expliquent le relief terrestre; c) Comprendre les principales influences des Écoles de la Pensée Géomorphologique anglo-américaine et germanique sur l'Enseignement de la Géomorphologie brésilienne institué dans l'État de São Paulo, ainsi que les tendances de dérivations actuelles suivantes tant dans le métier de l'enseignement et de la recherche ; d) Comprendre les bases theorique-conceptuelles qui soutiennent les disciplines de Géomorphologie dans le contexte en la discipline de Géographie (théorie, concepts, terminologies, processus, méthode scientifique, approche pédagogique); e) Analyser les procédures méthodologiques générales et spécifiques développées par les enseignants à les universités; f) Analyser les formes d'évaluation et la vérification... (Résumé complet accès électronique ci-dessous)
Schmitt, Laurent. "Typologie hydro-géomorphologique fonctionnelle de cours d'eau : Recherche méthodologique appliquée aux systèmes fluviaux d'Alsace." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR1GEO9.
Full textWe sought to categorise the natural hydro-geomorphological features of the rivers in the study area, the Alsatian watershed of the Rhine rift valley. We also sought to develop methodological principles that could be applied in other geographical settings. Our approach is based on a representative selection of water courses in the study area. Within this selection, 187 study sites were chosen. For each site 31 quantitative and qualitative variables were computed. This data base was integrated into the GIS ArcView and a number of different multivariate analyses were carried. The main results can been summarised as follows: m we developed a functional hydro-geomorphological typology of Alsatian rivers using successive iterations between statistical analysis and geomorphological interpretation. This typology comprises 17 categories;m these results demonstrate that inherited geomorphological features - such as paleo-dynamic, glacial and fluvio-glacial deposits - and neotectonics have a considerable influence on channel dynamics;m for simplification purposes we highlighted a synthetic hierarchy of the variables: type of regional unit drained, energy, valley bottom morphology, lateral dynamic of channels, sinuosity and width/depth ratio. This hierarchy enabled us to put forward a hierarchical conceptual model of the fluvial systems studied;m the statistically-based typology of the sites was then extrapolated to all the studied rivers in dividing them into sectors. The segmentation enabled us to build up a new linear-type data base in the GIS ArcView;m the research is relevant to the understanding and knowledge of the dynamics of the Alsatian hydrosystems. Looking forward it would seem appropriate to link hydro-geomorphological typology to ecological data such as macroinvertebrates and fish. It would also be useful to study in more detail the Rhine and Ill anastomoses and paleo-anastomoses. It would also be relevant to apply our methodology in other natural regions of occidental Europe. For reasons of time and cost, such a study can be more simple than ours which is more methodologically oriented
Gilet, Louis. "Charriage et obstacles à la continuité sédimentaire sur les cours d'eau du Morvan." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H059.
Full textIn France, recent regulatory developments (WFD, 2000; LEMA, 2006) require sediment continuity across the dams to be ensured. This requirement is particularly acute in the Morvan massif, where a dozen dams have been installed since the middle of the 19th century. The questions are complex: several of the rivers on which the structures have been built have only been poorly studied (medium energy plane bed with mixed coarse substrate). In addition, the fluvial systems - the Upper Yonne, the Cure and the Chalaux - are marked by a long anthropogenic influence, characterized in particular by multiple uses prior to the dams (mills, log driving). Those rivers’ energy, partly governed by the dams, is an important factor but insufficient to understand current bedload transport. The latter is indeed significantly influenced by certain morphological parameters (very coarse substrate, sedimentary structures, slope). However, current morphological conditions appear to be largely the result of several decades of disturbance in liquid and solid inputs by dams. Their effects on river processes must therefore be understood on several time scales. The study indicates that they also depend on the influences inherited from previous hydraulic uses. The past hydromorphic trajectory of the river also seems to influence the morpho-sedimentary impacts that were observed following a dam removal. Rather than a clean slate or a step backwards, dams or their removal thus represent a new evolution of the river trajectory, made up of ruptures, continuities and mutations
Chauvet, Hugo. "Ecoulements secondaires dans les rivières : influence sur le transport de quantité de mouvement et de soluté." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077058.
Full textRiver flow can induce secondary currents orthogonal to the main flow direction. The acoustic Doppler effect allows measurements of these weak currents without modifying the flow. In a straight reach of the Seine river we use an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) mounted on a small raft to evaluate the time-averaged velocity in the river cross-section. These measurements reveal secondary flows organised in periodic counter-rotative pair of cells with a size comparable te the water depth and a velocity of about 1% of the streamwise velocity. The observation of these cells in rivers is reminiscent of previous laboratory measurements made by Blanckaert (2010). We complement these observations with new measurements in a smaller river using an unidirectional acoustic profiler fixed at the water surface. These measurements reveal secondary flow cas similar to the ones observed in the Seine river. Their influence on momentum transfer is then investigated in the framework of the shallow-water approximation. This approach is used to reproduce the streamwise velocity profile over the cross-section. We show that secondary flow cells transport as much momentum as turbulence in rivers. Then, using numerical simulations, we extend this result to the dispersion of solutes by a series of counter-rotative cells. We discuss finatly the origins of these recirculation cells
Farias, Marcelo. "Tectonique, érosion et évolution du relief dans les Andes du Chili Central au cours du Néogene." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00256817.
Full textTectonique compressive et soulèvement des Andes chiliennes n'ont pas été synchrones. Le soulèvement a eu lieu principalement entre 8 et 4 Ma, c'est-à-dire plusieurs millions d'années après l'épisode compressif majeur survenu sur le versant chilien des Andes centrales. En effet, le soulèvement des Andes du Chili central résulte essentiellement du fonctionnement d'un chevauchement majeur à vergence Est, qui émerge en surface en Argentine, et qui est issu du plan de Bénioff à 60 km de profondeur. Cette structure est articulée en plats et rampes, et sa géométrie est contrôlée par la stratification rhéologique de la lithosphère continentale. Cette structure joue un rôle fondamental pendant le développement andin car elle contrôle le transfert des déformations et des contraintes depuis la zone de subduction vers le continent. On observe que l'épisode majeur de soulèvement de la chaîne est corrélé avec la mise en place des porphyres cuprifères géants (gisement de El Teniente) du Chili central.
La réponse érosive au soulèvement de la chaîne a été très lente. Nous montrons à l'aide d'âges d'exhumation obtenus par traces de fission sur apatites, et à l'aide de la datation de niveaux volcaniques déposés dans les vallées au cours de leur formation, que l'incision des vallées dans la Cordillère Principale a eu lieu plusieurs millions d'années après le soulèvement de la chaîne. Les contrastes lithologiques, en contrôlant la vitesse d'érosion, ont favorisé le développement d'une vallée parallèle à la côte, entraînant la capture des cours d'eau descendant de la haute chaîne par quelques fleuves majeurs. Ce phénomène a été modélisé à l'aide du code de calcul APERO. Nous pensons donc que la Dépression Centrale n'est pas d'origine tectonique sensu-stricto, mais qu'elle résulte aussi de la mise en place du réseau de drainage et de son contrôle par la lithologie. Son creusement provient de la réponse érosive au grand soulèvement du Miocène supérieur.
L'épisode majeur de soulèvement qui a lieu vers 10 Ma ne concerne pas seulement le Chili central. Il s'observe également dans les Andes centrales (Altiplano) et dans l'avant-arc du Pérou central. Pourtant, la vitesse de convergence entre les plaques Nazca et le continent diminue à cette époque. Par contre, la vitesse absolue vers l'ouest de la plaque Amérique du sud augmente, ce qui suggère que la vitesse absolue du continent, plus que la vitesse de convergence, exerce un contrôle majeur sur l'orogenèse andine.
Enfin, le Chili Central constitue une région de transition entre deux zones climatiques et géomorphologiques : la région nord, plus sèche, est dominée par les processus constructifs tandis que les processus érosifs sont prépondérants dans la région sud. Ce contraste contribue à la disparition de la Dépression Centrale au nord de 33°S, même si l'influence de la géométrie de la subduction, qui passe à une subduction horizontale au nord de 33°S est aussi à prendre en compte.
Harmand, Dominique. "La Meuse lorraine : contribution à l'étude des alluvions anciennes de la Meuse entre Pagny s/Meuse et Mouson (Ardennes) : tentative d'une reconstitution paléographique et dynamique actuelle du bassin." Nancy 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN21008.
Full textAfter having presented the section of the valley as well as the former works and the methodology (first section), the author explains the conclusions of his research within 3 sections : study of the valley and conclusion (third section), study of the paleogeographic evolution and present evolution of the basin (fourth section). The alluvial sediments located between pagny s meuse and mouzon above all, are characterized by silicious deposits carried down from the vosges by the moselle river before its capture by the meurthe river. The sediments are either alluvial nappes-or more often- colluvial formations. The former recover 10 terraces from 0 to 200 m above the thalweg, the latter correspond to the lower terraces. Several measures (height, petrology, sedimentology, morphology,. . ) Have permitted the rebuilding pf 10 old fluvial nappes laid down during 10 different periods of alluviation which have been separated by periods of erosion. The alluvial units can be related to the fluvial formations of the high moselle valley. Besides, they allow us, first, to reconstitute the configuration of the successive paleovalley, secondly, to individualize the different cuestas so as the evolution of the lorraine meuse drainage basin. The numerous captures made at the expense of the latter would be mainly caused by a tectonic process
Nabet, Fouzi. "Etude du réajustement du lit actif en Loire moyenne, bilan géomorphologique et diagnostic du fonctionnement des chenaux secondaires en vue d'une gestion raisonnée." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001675.
Full textAbkhar, Fatima. "Étude géomorphologique de la basse vallée de l'Oum er-Rbia (Méséta côtière marocaine de sidi Saïd Maâchou à Azemmour)." Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA120043.
Full textThe lower valley of the oum er-rbia is the biginning of the southern part of the morrocan coastal meseta and mostly extends on an east-west oriented synclinal depression its morphostructural importance can be seen in the juxtaposition of two differents regions seperated by the oum er-rbia. The formations through which the oum er-rbia has dug its valley date back the primary, secondary and tertiary eras. They consist in soft materials and resistant rocks, which were in most cases, eroded during the pliocene and reorganized during the quaternary. That era, the lower valley of the oum er-rbia just like the rest of the meseta was subject to climatic variations (pluvial cycle alternatin with interpluvial), eustatic movements (periods of encroachment of the sea and marine regression) and epierogenic movements. During the quaternary the lower valley filled by sedimentary strata wich are most the time superimposed : continental, marine or wind generated. All those strata are topped with alluvium or limestone accumulations
Cossin, Mélanie. "Caractérisation paysagère de quelques cours d'eau de taille moyenne des bassins du Rhône et de la Loire : éléments méthodologiques pour une gestion durable des corridors fluviaux." Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2008_out_cossin_m.pdf.
Full textRivers are the last "naturals” ecosystems in anthropic countries and are in the same time, very appreciated for their natural caracteristics. In France, the water laws of 1992 and 2006 state a global river management, between uses and protection of natural environment. In the same time, landscape is increasingly considered in management and traduced in a specific law in 1993 and in the European Landcsape Convention in 2000. Landcape studies are requested increasingly by managers and planners although they appears infrequently in global studies of rivers. In this research, we propose a methodological approach to landscape diagnosis of fluvial hydrosystems. It is based on a quantified analysis capable of being approved by all the actors concerned and of being reproduced. The aim is to realise a landscape diagnosis to propose solutions of landscape management inclusing uses and actors opinions
Raccasi, Guillaume. "Mutations géomorphologiques récentes du Rhône aval : recherches en vue de la restauation hydraulique et de la gestion des crues." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00321723.
Full textPoinsart, Danièle. "Effets des aménagements fluviaux sur les débits liquides et solides : l'exemple du Rhône dans les plaines de Miribel-Jonage et de Donzère-Mondragon." Lyon 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO31003.
Full textThe regulation works of the rhone has began during the last century. The first method consisted by the longitudinal embankments. The second method used of transversal dykes due to the civil engineer girardon. The results have been remarkable. S nevertheless, with the 20th century, the requirements of the navigation are became most importants and the fluvial management is considered according to the hydroelectric production. The diversion of a part of running water modify the hydrology and the transit of bed-load. The mobility of gravels is highly variable according to the functionning of the dams and the ancient inheritages, but rhe geological frame plays also a role on the stability and the instability of the sites. Since the second part of the 20th century, the extraction of gravels have modified the adjustement of fluvial parameters. Today, the management of the fluvial space is too frequently funded on the old view of the sedimentary load of the rhone, when this river, as the other european streams, shown a high reduction of this gravel load
Garcia, Govea Coral. "Approche hydro-géomorphologique comparée de deux cours d'eau et du bassin amazonien : le Río Beni et le Río Napo." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010598.
Full textFarias, Marcelo. "Tectonique, érosion et évolution du relief dans les Andes du Chili Central au cours du Néogène." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30212.
Full textThe structural evolution related to the uplift of the Andean Cordillera between 33 and 35ºS is well known in the eastern Argentinean flank of the belt, in which it has been developed an east vergent thrust system. In turn, deformation in the Chilean flank of the chain has not been very well constrained and several discrepancies exist in order to explain uplift and Central Depression development. This study shows that in the Andes of Central Chile, compressive deformation consisted in a tectonic inversion accommodating ca. 16 km shortening between 22 and 16 Ma. This shortening is much lesser than that accumulated in the eastern flank of the chain (1/5 of total shortening), in which more than 70 km of shortening has been accommodated between 16 and 4 Ma. Compressive tectonics and Andean uplift in Central Chile were diachronic. Surface uplift mainly occurred between 8 and 4 Ma, that is, several million years after deformation occurred in the Chilean flank of the belt. In fact, surface uplift essentially was the result of deep thickening because of an east-vergent detachment fault located at 10 km depth beneath the Principal Cordillera, which connects to the Benioff zone at 60 km depth through a ramp. This “ramp-flat” structure and its geometry are both controlled by lithospheric rheology. Moreover, this structure would have been essential during Andean evolution because it controls strain and stress transference from the subduction zone toward the continent, and because the flat segment facilitates shortening transfer at deep from higher deformed zones at surface. Therefore, this deformation mode in “simple-shear” would be the responsible for forearc uplift not only in Central Chile, but also along most of the Andean margin. .
Oliveira, Adriana Olivia Sposito Alves. "Contribuição teórico-metodológica para o ensino de Geomorfologia /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105065.
Full textBanca: Maria Cristina Perusi
Banca: Antonio Carlos Vitte
Banca: Paulo César Rocha
Banca: Fátima Aparecida Dias Gomes Marin
Resumo: O tema desta pesquisa se configura em compreender as bases teórico-metodológicas do ensino de Geomorfologia inseridas nos curso de Geografia das universidades públicas do estado de São Paulo. A pesquisa tem como objetivo principal compreender as bases teórico-metodológicas do ensino de Geomorfologia e contribuir para o ensino de Geomorfologia tendo em vista a análise das principais instituições públicas de ensino superior em de Geografia do estado de São Paulo. Constituem-se objetivos específicos da pesquisa: a) Analisar as obras bibliográficas que tratam sobre os diferentes significados (ideológicos, sociais, geográficos, aplicação do conhecimento prático) que podem ser atribuídos ao relevo no contexto do Ensino de Geomorfologia; b) Compreender as influências das principais correntes teóricas na explicação da formação da Terra, como o Catastrofismo, Uniformitarismo e o Evolucionismo e o reflexo destas sobre as Teorias Geomorfológicas que explicam o relevo terrestre; c) Compreender as principais influências das escolas de pensamento geomorfológico anglo-americana e germânica sobre o Ensino de Geomorfologia brasileiro instituído no estado de São Paulo, bem como as tendências de derivações atuais seguidas tanto no campo do ensino, como da pesquisa; d) Compreender as bases teórico-conceitual que sustentam as disciplinas de Geomorfologia inseridas no curso de Geografia (Teoria, conceitos, terminologias, processos, método científico, abordagem pedagógica); e) Analisar os procedimentos metodológicos gerais e específicos desenvolvidos pelos professores nas universidades; f) Analisar as formas de avaliação e verificação de aprendizagem e as principais dificuldades dos alunos percebidas pelos professores; g) Refletir sobre as considerações dos professores a respeito das principais dificuldades apresentadas pelos alunos; h) Analisar a percepção... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: La thématique de cette recherche se configure à comprendre les bases théoriqueméthodologiques de l'enseignement de Géomorphologie dans les contexte de la discipline de la Géographie des universités publiques de l'État de São Paulo. La recherche a comme objectif principal comprendre les bases théoriqueméthodologiques de l'enseignement de la Géomorphologie et contribuer pour l'enseignement de la Géomorphologie par rapport l'analyse des principales institutions publiques d'enseignement supérieur de la Géographie de l'État de São Paulo. Se constituent des objectifs spécifiques de la recherche : a) Analyser les ouvrages bibliographiques qui traitent sur les différentes significations (idéologiques, sociales, géographiques, application de la connaissance pratique) qui peuvent être attribués au relief dans le contexte de l'Enseignement de la Géomorphologie; b) Comprendre les influences des principales approches théoriques dans l'explication de la formation de la Terre, comme le Catastrophisme, Uniformitarisme et l'Evolucionisme et le réflexe sur les Théories Géomorphologiques qui expliquent le relief terrestre; c) Comprendre les principales influences des Écoles de la Pensée Géomorphologique anglo-américaine et germanique sur l'Enseignement de la Géomorphologie brésilienne institué dans l'État de São Paulo, ainsi que les tendances de dérivations actuelles suivantes tant dans le métier de l'enseignement et de la recherche ; d) Comprendre les bases theorique-conceptuelles qui soutiennent les disciplines de Géomorphologie dans le contexte en la discipline de Géographie (théorie, concepts, terminologies, processus, méthode scientifique, approche pédagogique); e) Analyser les procédures méthodologiques générales et spécifiques développées par les enseignants à les universités; f) Analyser les formes d'évaluation et la vérification... (Résumé complet accès électronique ci-dessous)
Doutor
Lejeune, Olivier. "Dynamiques d'érosion des bas plateaux de l'Est de la France : l'exemple du bassin-versant amont de la Marne." Reims, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REIML010.
Full textIn the heart of Paris basin, the Marne valley remained an area not well known from a geomorphologic point of view despite a few specific and often old studies, while the other surrounding valleys were the subject of many works. The objective of this work consists in trying to overwhelm this gap by bringing a certain number of new information, thus offering a better comprehension of the geomorphologic evolution of the Marne valley since the beginning of its cashing in the limestone plateau of the East of France. This work takes into account various temporal scales. Thus, this thesis proceeds according to three steps of time : 1) In the first part, the stages of the incision of the Marne valley during the Quaternary are described. This work is based on the study of the geomorphological and sedimentological indices, left by the Marne and its tributary rivers at the time of their cashing. These indices are also the subject of absolute datings, which allow to determine speeds of incision, which are then compared to the other rivers of the Paris basin. Seven levels of incision were defined, ordonating in three steps. The oldest step corresponds to two vast gutters, encased in summit surface. The second step coincides with one strong incision period where three levels of terraces are staged. The third step corresponds to the filling of the bottom of the valley in which two levels of incision are encased. This information allow to bring a new insight on the old assumptions, which thought that the upper Marne belonged formerly to the Meuse basin, while passing by the valleys of Ornain-Saulx, Aisne and Bar. These hypothesis appeared to be unfounded. 2) In the second part, the more recent events (Weichsélien/Tardiglaciaire/Holocene) are examined. They worked out the bottom of the Marne valley. The processes and the chronology of the alluvial filling of the bottom of the valley are explained. Then, the evolution of the bottom of the valley on a secular and annual scale is studied. The impact of human installations and the climatic variations are highlighted in order to explain the river dynamics of the Marne. Finally, an evaluation of the specific degradation in the Marne basin at the exit of the limestone plateau allow to replace this basin in the general geomorphologic context of the East of France. 3) In the third part, the use of hydrological methods revealed at the same time transfers of water inside a catchment area and towards the basins contiguous slopes. Some sectors of generalized infiltration, loss, average output and strong output appeared, meaning a divergence or a concentration of the flows according to the morpho-structural partitioning of the aquifers limestones and the differentials of incision of the valleys. A grid hydrogeologic of the interfluves between overdrawn and surplus sectors in water is obtained, which prove the water transfers. This process constitutes the " active stream piracy " often corroborated by hydrogeologic trackings. These "active captures", revealed by these methods in hot or interglacial period, prepare future hydrographic captures of surface, commonly recognized at the beginning of cold phase
Grivel, Stéphane. "La Loire des îles, du Bec d'Allier à Gien : rythme d'évolution et enjeux de gestion." Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/143287982#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThe Loire is one of the main fluvial systems in France. The islands are an integral part of the landscape, particularly the anastomosing fluvial pattern of the Middle Loire, hence the name "Loire islands". This thesis focuses on the functioning of this unknown river. The islands of the Loire river result from morphological fluvial readjustment as well as customs and practices used by inhabitants of the area. The morphological approach concentrates on the evolution of the river since the 19th century, through different spatial and temporal scales. Under a Geographic Information System (GIS), it was possible to monitor the riverbed since 1850 and to analyze in detail mechanisms and rhythms of the river formation. The islands are not stabilized, therefore they can be regarded as forms of river adjustment caused by environmental perturbations (initiating factors: the discontinuation of navigation; aggravating factors: absence of large flood, incision of the riverbed, decline in agriculture, extraction of sediment). The landscape of the Loire Islands is still in transition and is indicating the trend towards the river channelization, dominated by alluvial forests. The fine scale analysis is based on studies on seasonal and inter-annual evolution of islands, as well as secondary channels. Digital Elevation Models (DEM), longitudinal profiles and topographic cross-sections integrated GIS help to quantify precisely erosion and sedimentation, according to the hydrological year. The islands are sites of sediment trapping and they emphasize the sediment deficit recorded since the middle of the 20th century. The situation of secondary channels is contrasted, but the excessive growth of vegetation in some channels triggers their perennial functioning. The results of the thesis brings tools to the Loire river management
Jugie, Marion. "Trajectoire hydrogéomorphologique d'un petit cours d'eau périurbain francilien : aménagement, "désaménagement"?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H087/document.
Full textThe objective of this research is, first of all, to identify and characterize the spatio-temporal trajectory of a small low energy periurban river, through the example of the Merantaise River located in the Seine Basin. These objects of investigation are too often neglected by the scientific community even though the environmental issues of ecological restoration politics, advocated for several decades by the WFD, are important (impacts of urbanization and ancient watermills). An interdisciplinary geohistorical and hydromorphological approach allowed to reconstruct the past and present evolution of the river: the valley has been heavily developed since the Middle-Ages by modest hydraulic equipment but has beenaffected on more than 80% of the channel. Water mills were abandoned during the 20th century, partially clearing the channel. Nowadays, the current trajectory is marked by recent significant morphological adjustments and is less controlled by old hydraulical structures than by current anthropogenic pressures affecting the watershed (urbanization, transport and drainage network, intensification of agriculture). Finally, this thesis is also an opportunity to question the ecologically relevant and hydromorphologically sustainable nature of ecological restoration. This doctoral work also proposes to consider restoration operations as new river facilities responding to new socio-political needs and fully participating of the river's functional trajectory
Toone, Julia. "Discontinuités géomorphologiques et organisation des communautés benthiques sur le continuum fluvial de la rivière Drôme." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2009_out_toone_j.pdf.
Full textA mixed bedrock-alluvial reach of the River Drôme, France forms the central focus of this thesis. The first part examines long-term changes in channel morphology, and the development of present-day geomorphic zonation. The second part examines the present-day organisation of in-stream macroinvertebrate communities and associations with channel morphology. The study reach is located 200 m downstream from the Béoux sub-catchment, a site chosen for the experimental remobilisation of sediment to rehabilitate degradation along the reach and in downstream parts of the Drôme. The third part evaluates the likely morphological and ecological impacts of this management strategy. Analyses reveal that degradation is a discontinuous process both in time and in space. A large flood in 1978 is seen as the catalyst of zonation. By locking the reach into a particular geometry it imposed substantial spatial discontinuity in the capacity and the propensity of the channel to adjust. Spatial differences in macroinvertebrate community structure reflect spatial differences in channel behaviour. Zone-scale variation in longitudinal, lateral and vertical connectivity, and in particular bed disturbances associated with zone-scale regimes of sediment transfer and storage, control the organization of in-stream fauna. It is considered that the present-day mixed bedrock-alluvial morphology supports a more diverse fauna than historical, alluvial channels. If fluxes of bedload reintroduced to the Drôme are not inferior or excessive to the present-day regimes responsible for maintaining zonation, then this self-regulating dynamic could be maintained. This would also maintain the present-day patterns of macroinvertebrate community structure and so it is concluded that if the reach is secured with a moderate and frequent supply of bedload then the remobilization of sediment is a desirable management strategy
Guillou, Mikael. "Analyse hydrologique et morphologique d'un cours d'eau agricole de la plaine du Saint-Laurent." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29245/29245.pdf.
Full textViel, Vincent. "Analyse spatiale et temporelle des transferts sédimentaires dans les hydrosystèmes normands : Exemple du bassin versant de la Seulles." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00803223.
Full textVautier, Franck. "Dynamique géomorphologique et végétalisation des cours d'eau endigués : l'exemple de l'Isère dans le Grésivaudan." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10026.
Full textVella, Marc-Antoine. "Approches géomorphologique et géophysique des interactions sociétés / milieux en Corse au cours de l’Holocène." Corte, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CORT0013.
Full textTo think about populating, one must take into consideration the notion of territory. This study is based on geomorphology and applied geophysics with an approach of an archaeological settlement at local and regional scale. We have tried to establish the evolution of the interaction between these societies, their environments and what have been built in process of time. To focus on this relationship, we chose two distinct geographical areas: the desert of the Agriate (France, Haute-Corse, 2B) and the lower valley of the Taravo (France, Corse du Sud, 2A). These two areas represent a different geographical context. The first one is characterised by a mineral/rocky and hilly landscape that presents at first sight a few agro-pastoral potential ; the second one, on the other side, shows much vegetal, animal and raw material potential. A methodology of study has been put in place and was enable to fit to the features of the land. The technics used were electrics and electromagnetics methods with mechanical boreholes and geological observations which brought us the following results. For the oriental side of the desert of the Agriate : _the repetition of periods of erosion and then stabilization of soils, related to charcoal flows, suggests a rhythmic evolution of the catchment area, associated with populating phases, the importance of the anthropization, even if it is difficult to evaluate, is still an essential problematic of this study. For the lower valley of the Taravo : the cuts and the electromagnetic prospectings allow a precise visualization of the spatial distribution of the sediment, _different morphological phases for ancient periods have been brought to light, the pond of Caniccia shows a relation between the morphological evolution and human occupation,privileged areas for archaeological research have been delimited. The prospects studies involve : a complementary geomorphological study in the desert of the Agriate and of the Nebbiu, with a participation to archaeological excavations,pluridisciplinary rospectings-inventories (archaeological and geomorphological) in the lower valley of the Taravo, new mechanical boreholes in the floodplain and in the pond of Caniccia, comparison with others valleys of Corsica, comparison with others island of the Meterranean sea
Rabarimanana, Mamy Herisoa. "Analyse des facteurs de l'érosion en lavaka par télédétection et système d'information géographique : rôle du drainage le long des cours d'eau." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066592.
Full textEcrepont, Stéphane. "Analyse des effets d'échelle, d'organisation spatiale et de structuration géomorphologique pour la modélisation des débits et de flux hydrochimiques en bassins non jaugés." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B007/document.
Full textThe knowledge of hydrological and hydrochemical dynamics is essential for policy makers to develop appropriate policies of remediation, but this goal is hard to achieve in « ungauged catchments ». Through the inversion of a geomorphology-based hydrological modelling, the net rainfall entering the stream network is assessed from a gauged catchment. This net rainfall is scale independant and can be convoluted in another (ungauged) catchment. This method is applied for the first time in a pluvio-nival context on 21 catchments from Québec. Success of the simulation depends of the hydrological similarity between gauged and ungauged catchments, which is defined as the ensemble of caracteristics insuring a close functionning. We test how riverwater chemical composition reveals this similarity through a synoptic spectral analysis developped on western France. Groups of catchments are identified by their spatial homogeneity/heterogeneoty of the hydrochemical facies, and the area at which hydrochemical stabilisation occurs. This result suggest that riverwater chemical composition is informative of a hydrological similarity. This hypothesis is successfully tested on six mesoscale catchments, by transposing hydrographs and concentration discharge relatioships (CQ), best transpositions are associated to similar catchments. Finally, the coupling of hydrological simulation to CQ curves allowed the prediction of hydrochemical fluxes in ungauged catchments with a 15 minutes timestep
Peiry, Jean-Luc. "Approche géographique de la dynamique spatio-temporelle des sédiments d'un cours d'eau intra-montagnard : l'exemple de la plaine alluviale de l'Arve (Haute-Savoie)." Lyon 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO31009.
Full textGarnier, Aline. "La dynamique d’un système fluvial et des zones humides associées en Afrique soudano-sahélienne au cours de l'Holocène : Approches géomorphologique et biogéographique. L'exemple du Yamé au Mali." Caen, 2013. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01084539.
Full textThe fluvial system is shaped by water discharge and sediment supply which dynamics are depending on the watershed environmental conditions. Valley bottom sedimentary records are also a crucial indicator of the relationships between nature and societies. However, in West Africa, researches were mostly focused on other environments, principally lacustrine environments. In this context, a long term evolution model of the fluvial system is proposed in order to question the acting controlling factors (natural and/or anthropogenic). This research is focused on the study of the Yamé watershed, a right bank tributary of the Niger River (Pays Dogon, Mali). Two approaches were developed to answer the research questions: (1) a geomorphological approach permitting reconstructing the hydro-sedimentary dynamics of the valley and (2) a biogeographical approach informing on the Holocene vegetation dynamics, by means of phytoliths analysis. This work permits better understanding the transformations of the fluvial system as a response to climatic crises. Finally, it questions the environmental consequences of the economic, societal and technical transitions which marked the last centuries such as the emergence of agro-pastoral activities and metal industry or more recently the population growth. This work finally proposes to highlight new knowledge about the climatic and anthropogenic evolution of western Africa, and more globally on the human impact on sudano-sahelian environments
Salomon, Ferréol. "Géoarchéologie du delta du Tibre : Evolution géomorphologique holocène et contraintes hydrosédimentaires dans le système Ostie– Portus." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20040.
Full textOstia and Portus are two important harbour cities located on theThyrrenian coast, near the ancient Rome. This location corresponds to a fastly changing landscape (river and coastline mobility). The aim of this study is to reconstruct the Tiber hydrosedimentary dynamics in its delta plain during Ancient times (mainly in the 1st c. BC - 1st c. AD) and to identify their impact on the system Ostia-Portus. To complete this work, we analyse sedimentary cores drilled in the palaeomeander of Ostia and the canals of Portus. These results are compared to the archaeological and historical data. Crossing sedimentary, archaeological and textual data allows to consider hydrosedimentary anthropoclimatic crisis in the Tiber River watershed, during the period between the second part of the Ist century BC and the beginning of the Ist century AD. This crisis is expressed in Ostia, by: (1) a sediment accumulation at the mouth of the Tiber River, leading to the filling of the river mouth harbour of Ostia; (2) several major floods (at Rome - sometimes torrential floods); and (3) perhaps an increase of the groundwater levels. During this hydrosedimentological crisis or before, a strong lateral mobility of the Tiber mouth and the palaeomeander of Ostia probably affect the development of the city. Obliged by a strong demographic pressure in Rome and by the socio-economical context, Claude built Portus in the middle of the 1st century AD. Portus is planned with the idea to overcome the shortcomings of Ostia’s harbour: (1) by an increased harbour basin area (200 ha), and (2) by its establishment, 3 km north of the Tiber mouth, to avoid the main hydrosedimentary constraints. For logistical reasons (goods transport to Rome), Portus includes a fluvial canal system, connected to the Tiber River. However, Roman engineers take care to separate the canal system and the harbour basins (sediment load) and some of these canals are considered floodways (flood management). Sedimentary analysis characterise the canal functioning and filling (Canale Traverso, Canale Romano). This work is complemented by a methodological reflection on the Passega diagram and by a modeling of the Holocene evolution of the Tiber delta’s northern part , based onthe analysis of core samples
Boucher, Étienne. "Analyse hydro-climatique et géomorphologique des déglacements mécaniques de la rivière Necopastic au Québec nordique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25534/25534.pdf.
Full textAhamdach, Noureddine. "Mobilité de l'uranium, du thorium et des éléments de terres rares au cours de l'altération latéritique, de l'infiltration d'eau météorique en milieu granitique et de la diagenèse d'une formation volcano-sédimentaire." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL125N.
Full textMansor, Sandra. "Le processus d'avulsion : enregistrement stratigraphique et sédimentologique : application aux éventails turbiditiques de l’Amazone et du Zaïre." Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES2049.
Full textOur study focuses on the avulsion process, the key process for the depocenter migration of stacked channel-levee systems in the deepsea. To present, the avulsïon process has been explained as the abandonment of a channel (parent channel) and the birth of a new one (new channel). A true indice of avulsion has been given by the detection of the HARPs, a seismic term known since the 80s for highamplitude reflection packets at the base of new channel-levee systems. The HARPs are suggested, in analogy to the studies from ODP Leg 155 of the Amazon Fan, to be sandy deposits in lows adjacent to breached parent channels. Our present work, by re-visiting the Amazon Fan with multichannel high-resolution seismic data, highlights the great complexity of the HARPs architecture and their lithological heterogeneity. The study of some specific zones within the Zaïre Fan allowed revealing both the earliest stages of an avulsion process related to levee breaches and first splays linked to unconfined flows on the levee, and the latest stage of this process, with the first levee deposition and evolution following the HARPs deposition. These results provide new insights for the understanding of the processes involved during an avulsion event (levee breach, HARPs accumulation, levee aggradation). By describing the inter-relationship of the different architectural sub-bodies of the HARPs and giving details on both the earliest and latest stages of the avulsion, our results also provide clues to refine the previous conceptual models and reach a higher resolution knowledge of this process
Dzana, Jean-Guy. "Le lit de la Seine de Bar à Montereau : étude morphodynamique, rôle des aménagements." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010595.
Full textOur thesis concern the upper part of the river Seine between the towns of Bar and Montereau. The study presented focuses on the morphological adjustments of an underfit stream. These adjustments are regarded as river responses to spatial and temporal variations in water and sediment discharge or to noticeable modification of the channel internal geometry (cross-section, longitudinal profil and planform). The methodological approach which has been chosen for this study gives great importance to an analysis of the channel evolution and fluvial processes in a short (1 year), medium (10-12 years) and long 13-14 years) time scales. Before apprehending the modes and rhytms of the channel changes, we examine in the first part of the thesis the influence of the geomorphological setting (chapter 1) and flow regime (chapter 2) on the physical structure as well as on the hydrosystem functionning. Particular attention is given to the hydro-morphological caracterisation and hydraulic conductivity of the floodplain. In the second part, three aspects are examined : lateglacial and holocene evolution of the floodplain (chapter 3), historical changes in meander pattern (chapter 4) and morphological consequences of engineering works (chapter 5). Essentially based on stratigraphic and sedimentologic analyses of sampled boreholes, the study of the river activity during holocene shows that the present floodplain relief has been definitely constructed during the sub-boreal and the sub-atlantic periods with the deposition of a 1. 25 to 1. 75m thick silty-clay fill by vertical aggradation. At a secular time scale, the comparison and the analysis of river courses, with a series of computerized programs, reveal a noticeable elongation of channel centerlines in a period of about 160 years (1828-1990). The channel elongation is associated with an increasing complexity of the meander pattern and the reorganisation of the structure of curvature upstream and downstream from troyes. These natural changes are disturbed since the second half of the seventieth century by successive engineering works, particularly by those undertaken during the 1970s. In the third and last part, channel adjustments are examined at a time scale equivalent to an annual hydrologic cycle
Meyer, Albin. "Processus et dynamique de la recolonisation et de la bio-diversité dans les bras du Rhin et autres cours d'eau restaurés de la plaine d'Alsace après reconnexion." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974842.
Full textCorenblit, Dov. "Structure et dynamique du paysage fluvial : études des rétroactions entre processus hydro-géomorphologiques et dynamique de la végétation du Tech (Pyrénées orientales)." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30197.
Full textCapderrey, Cécile. "Effets de la géomorphologie des rivières en tresses sur les communautés d’invertébrés aquatiques et sur la structuration génétique des populations du crustacé isopode souterrain Proasellus walteri." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10124/document.
Full textBraided rivers are large alluvial rivers found in piedmont mountainous areas. These rivers are very dynamic systems in space and time and exhibit particular geomorphology. The river flows alternatively into large alluvial plains or narrowing parts (also defined as canyons). This geomorphology impacts groundwater-surface water exchanges and sedimentary thickness. Groundwater-surface water exchanges occur at different scales, then interacting to shape biotic and abiotic filters for invertebrate communities. Canyons can reduce sedimentary continuity or interrupt it and may represent strong barriers to dispersal for sedimentary-dwelling organisms. This present work aimed at evaluating the effects of geomorphology in invertebrate community structure and as a potential barrier to dispersal in the subterranean organism Proasellus walteri. The different results obtained have shown that geomorphology structured invertebrate communities, highlighting a strong response in groundwater communities but not in surface communities and have shown that downstream parts of alluvial plains were hotspots of biodiversity. The results of this study also concluded on a positive effect of geomorphology in braided rivers on the genetic structure of P. walteri and underlined large effective population size and high dispersal ability, then removing some misconceptions about subterranean environment
Simoncini, Cristina. "Studio delle problematiche legate ai sedimenti fluviali ed applicazione di una metodologia finalizzata alla gestione a scala di bacino idrografico." Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2008_out_simoncini_c.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this research project is to develop a methodology aimed to identify extent, severity and possible trends of instability processes (erosion, deposition) at the catchment scale, to provide a basic knowledge to support sediment management. The methodology is intended to be specifically suitable in the Alpine - Apennine context, where channels are typically characterised by a relatively high sediment transport. The methodology includes three main modules: (1) Historical and recent channel changes. The results of this phase will consist on an accurate reconstruction of past channel changes, identifying areas of higher channel instability, types of adjustments, rates of channel migration, etc. (2) Potential reintroduction areas of sediment. We adopt a semi-quantitative methodology based on the attribution of different scores, considered the more important parameters in relation to the process of sediment production. (3) Sediment budgets. In order to quantify channel changes and responsible processes, sediment budgets can be conducted by traditional hydraulic methods combined with geomorphological methods and grain size surveys. (4) Strategy of sediment management. In the last phase we define the strategies and the recommendations for the management of sediment based on conservation or improvement of the actual condition of active channel
Steinmann, Ronan. "L'influence climatique et anthropique sur trois cours d'eaux bourguignons : géoarchéologie de sites de franchissement sur la Loire, la Saône et le Doubs au cours de l'Holocène." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOL032/document.
Full textA geoarchaeological study was led on four sections of the valleys of the Loire, Saône and Doubs rivers (Burgundy, France) in order to point out the factors influencing the alluvial dynamics on a multimillennial scale, and their effects on the preservation of archaeological information. Investigations started by roman and medieval remains of bridges discovered in active channels, were then carried out on larger parts of alluvial plains, and altogether allowed the evolutions of the channels during the Holocene period to be deducted. Various types of information on alluvial characteristics were crossed through time and space: ancient maps and XXth century or aerial photographs for centennial scale, archaeological data, geomorphological analysis, but mostly alluvial deposits for older periods. Facies analyses on fluvial sediments led to the identification and the reconstitution of successive sedimentary environments through time. The main steps of the evolution of the three rivers, after being identified and dated, were compared to previous studies in order to estimate the respective roles of climatic changes and anthropic influence on alluvial dynamics, on this regional scale, during the Holocene. Preservation of archaeological information in fluvial deposits is therefore discussed here, to reach a better understanding of taphonomic issues in such environmennts, which are potentially rich in archaeological remains
Hortobágyi, Borbála. "Multi-scale interactions between riparian vegetation and hydrogeomorphic processes (the lower Allier River)." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAL001/document.
Full textN ecosystems, such as rivers, salt marshes, mangroves, coastal dunes which are exposed to frequent and regular hydrogeomorphic fluxes (i.e. physical disturbances), feedbacks between geomorphology (water, sediment and landforms) and plants (e.g. Populus nigra L., Salix alba L., Salix purpurea L. in rivers) can occur. Vegetation esta¬blishment is controlled by hydrogeomorphic processes which in turn are modulated by vegetation. Such feedbacks control riparian ecosystem dynamics. In this thesis, we addressed two main questions in an effort to better understand feedbacks between riparian vegetation and hydrogeomorphic processes: (i) How does riparian vegetation respond to hydrogeomorphic constraints? (ii) How, and to what extent, do established engineer plants affect fluvial geomorphology? We studied these questions through a nested multi-scale approach from landscape pattern to plant trait scales on the dynamic wandering Allier River (France). We tested the applicability of the method of photogrammetry to quantify the response and the effect of riparian vegetation and biogeomorphic feedbacks at different spatio-temporal scales (i.e. corridor, alluvial bar and individual). At the corridor scale, we searched for the topographic signature of riparian vegetation in the landscape, using photogrammetric and LiDAR data. At the intermediate alluvial bar scale, we investigated the aptitude of three dominant pioneer riparian Salicaceae species (P. nigra, S. purpurea and S. alba) to establish and to act as ecosystem engineers by trap¬ping fine sediment. At the finest, plant trait scale, we quantified the relation between response trait attributes of young P. nigra plants and their exposure to three different levels of mechanical stress (a highly exposed bar-head, a less exposed bar-tail, a chute channel). We identified some difficulties or failures to properly apply photogrammetry in biogeomorphic feedback studies. However, photogrammetry appeared as a useful tool to quantify a set of relevant parameters to respond to fundamental research questions concerning biogeomorphic feedbacks at the three nested spatial scales. At the broadest, the topographic signature of vegetation was not easy to capture because of the complex shifting mosaic of landforms of the Allier River. However, by focusing on more connec¬ted, restricted areas (i.e. alluvial bars), the signature of vegetation could be captured. It seems to increase with increasing vegetation height corresponding to the evolutionary phases of the fluvial biogeomorphic succession (FBS) model. At the intermediate, alluvial bar scale, biogeomorphic feedbacks could be well identified. The capacity of riparian plants to establish and act as ecosystem engineers depended both on species and their physiognomy, their age and their location on alluvial bars. At the finest, individual plant scale, we captured the contrasting morphological and biomechanical response of P. nigra to variable mechanical stress exposure from a trait perspective. In all hierarchical levels, scale-related biogeomorphic feedbacks were detected and described in a conceptual model. The three scales were considered as cycles composed of four different phases, which can have a variable temporality. The broadest spatio-temporal scale represents the evolution over several decades of the landscape mosaic resulting from the balance between constructive (vegetation establishment, growth and succession) and destruc¬tive (floods) forces. [...]
Uzel, Jessica. "Evolution morphotectonique post-compressive de la chaîne des Pyrénées : altération et démantèlement d'une surface d'aplanissement en cours de soulèvement." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B040.
Full textThe late to post-compressive evolution of the Pyrenees is characterized by the formation of a planation surface whose relics are observed today on top of the range. This surface is the subject of an abundant literature, where authors focused on the characterization of its geometry, extent and on the age and mechanism of its formation. The most recent studies showed that the planation surface probably formed at high elevation during the Oligocene - Upper Miocene interval. However, this elevation remains unconstrained. Our work brings a new qualifying element of the relics of the Pyrenean planation surface, which is the description of subtractive weathering profiles developed on these surfaces. Weathering in samples collected below surface remnants was dated by the 40Ar/39Ar applied to potassic manganese oxides. A Cretaceous age, consistent with the timing of the Pyrenean rifting during which the top of tilted blocs surfaced, and a Quaternary age were obtained. The lack of geochronological information between those two ages isinterpreted as a result of the reactivation of weathering profiles due to uplift during the post-compressive period. These results show that weathering continued until Quaternary times in the Pyrenees. The geomorphological analysis of the dismantling of the planation surface, based on miocene to present-day fluvial incisions analysis in the Western Pyrenees reveals the occurrence of an uplift of the range, which started during middle Miocene times. This uplift is confirmed for present-day by the analysis of a new InSAR dataset. The forcing mechanism of this uplift is discussed ar the African and Eurasian plates-scale. The middle Miocene to present-day uplift of the Pyrenees which provokes the dismantling of the planation surface may be explained by a propagation of the deformation from active plates boundaries toward intraplate areas caused by a reorganization of African - Eurasian plate motion
Moulin, Bertrand. "Variabilité spatiale et temporelle du bois mort dans le réseau hydrographique de l'Isère à l'amont de Grenoble." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00532671.
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