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Journal articles on the topic 'Cours martiales'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Douzou, Laurent, and Virginie Sansico. "La Milice et les cours martiales. La cour martiale de Lyon (2 février-4 août 1944)." Histoire de la justice 29, no. 1 (2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhj.029.0115.

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2

Sansico, Virginie. "France, 1944 : maintien de l'ordre et exception judiciaire. Les cours martiales du régime de Vichy." Histoire@Politique 3, no. 3 (2007): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/hp.003.0002.

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3

Farcy, Jean-Claude. "Virginie Sansico, La Justice du pire. Les cours martiales sous Vichy, Paris, Payot, 2002,258 p., 21 €." Revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine 50-3, no. 3 (2003): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhmc.503.0231.

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4

Coutts, JA. "Courts-Martial Appeal Court." Journal of Criminal Law 62, no. 5 (October 1998): 449–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002201839806200504.

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5

Coutts, J. A. "Courts-Martial Appeal Court." Journal of Criminal Law 63, no. 2 (April 1999): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002201839906300203.

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6

Trethewey, Eric. "Courts Martial." Iowa Review 36, no. 2 (October 2006): 136–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0021-065x.6147.

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7

Nwankwo, Chimalum, and Festus Iyayi. "Awaiting Court Martial." World Literature Today 72, no. 1 (1998): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40153695.

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8

Monballyu, Jos. "Het uur van de vergelding. Vlaamse activisten voor de krijgsraad van het Groot Hoofdkwartier van het Leger (23 januari tot 30 juni 1919). Deel 2." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 70, no. 1 (March 24, 2011): 7–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v70i1.12328.

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Indien men de geschiedenis van de strafrechtelijke repressie van het Vlaamse activisme na de Eerste Wereldoorlog ten gronde wil bestuderen, moet men niet alleen de parlementaire verklaringen, de gerechtelijke statistieken en de kranten omrent die repressie raadplegen, maar vooral de gerechtelijke archieven uitpluizen die deze repressie heeft nagelaten. In dit artikel wordt dit voor de eerste keer gedaan voor de Vlaamse activisten die door de krijgsraad van het Groot Hoofdkwartier van het Leger werden veroordeeld. Die krijgsraad te velde kreeg tussen 19 november 1918 en 13 mei 1919 het monopolie van de bestraffing van zowel burgeractivisten als militaire activisten en behield dit monopolie tussen 14 mei 1919 en 30 september 1919 voor de militaire activisten. Na deze laatste datum werden de Vlaamse burgeractivisten vervolgd voor de provinciale Assisenhoven en de militaire activisten voor de provinciale krijgsraden.Het krijgsauditoraat van het Groot Hoofdkwartier vervolgde uiteindelijk 689 gewone burgers en 105 militairen voor (Vlaams en Waals) activisme (inbreuk op artikel 104, 115, lid 5 en 118bis van het Belgische strafwetboek). Hiervan moesten er zich uiteindelijk slechts drieëndertig Vlamingen (26 burgers en 7 militairen) verantwoorden voor de krijgsraad van het Groot Hoofdkwartier. Vier van hen werden vrijgesproken en negenentwintig tot een straf veroordeeld. De hoogste straf was een doodstraf, die in hoger beroep werd omgezet in een buitengewone hechtenis van twintig jaar. De laagste straf bestond uit een gevangenisstraf van twee jaar. Onder de veroordeelde burgers waren er twee die deel hadden uitgemaakt van de tweede Raad van Vlaanderen en twee die de Duitsers hadden benoemd in de door hen opgerichte Vlaamse administratie. Alle andere waren plaatselijke propagandisten van het Vlaamse activisme. De zeven militairen waren allen verdacht van activisme in het bezette België tijdens de zes laatste maanden van de oorlog. Drie van hen waren vanuit het Frontgebied naar het bezette gebied overgelopen en drie andere genoten van een vervroegde terugkeer uit een krijgsgevangenenkamp in Duitsland waar ze zich ook al maanden voor de Vlaamse zaak hadden ingezet.________The day of reckoning. Flemish activists court-martialled at the Main Headquarters of the Army (23 January until 30 June 1919)In order to carry out a thorough study of the history of the criminal repression of Flemish activism after the First World War, you need to consult not only the parliamentary declarations, the legal statistics and the newspapers on the subject, but more in particular research the court records reporting on that repression. This article is the first to study the Flemish activists who were sentenced by the court-martial at the Main Headquarters of the Army. From 19 November 1918 until 13 May 1919 that field court-martial was given the monopoly of prosecuting both civilian and military activists and it retained this monopoly for the prosecution of military activists between 14 May 1919 and 30 September 1919. After the latter date the Flemish civilian activists were prosecuted by the provincial Assize Courts and the military activists by the provincial court-martials. Eventually the military tribunal of the Main Headquarters prosecuted 689 civilians and 105 military on the basis of (Flemish and Walloon) activism (infringement of article 104, 115 paragraph 5 and 118bis of the Belgian Criminal Code). Finally only 33 Flemish (26 civilians and 7 military) had to account for their actions in front of the court-martial of the Main Headquarters. Four of them were acquitted and twenty-nine were sentenced. The most severe penalty was a death sentence, which was converted on appeal to an exceptional imprisonment of twenty years. The most lenient penalty was two years imprisonment. Two of the convicted civilians had been part of the Second Council of Flanders and two of them had been appointed by the Germans to be part of the Flemish administration they had established. All the others had been local propagandists of Flemish activism. The seven military had all been suspected of activism in occupied Belgium during the last six months of the war. Three of them had deserted from the Frontline to the occupied territory and three others had been granted an early return from a prisoner of war camp in Germany where they also had dedicated themselves for months to the Flemish cause.

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9

Goh, Joshua Matthew. "The Development of Singapore’s Military Justice System." Journal of International Peacekeeping 20, no. 3-4 (August 17, 2016): 186–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-02003004.

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The global trend towards civilianization of military justice systems has had its own unique impact on Singapore’s brand of military justice, in particular its mode of trial by General Court-Martial. This paper explores the development of Singapore’s military justice system since Singapore’s independence, comparing it to developments in the United Kingdom and Canada, two countries that have also civilianized their military justice systems with input from their civil courts, and in the case of the uk, the European Court of Human Rights. These jurisdictions provide a useful comparison on the progress of Singapore’s civilianization reform given both their shared origin of military justice in the English court-martial system and the focus of all three jurisdictions on better protecting the rights of accused servicemen.

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10

Cowan, Robert. "HOW'S YOUR FATHER? A RECURRENT BILINGUAL WORDPLAY IN MARTIAL." Classical Quarterly 65, no. 2 (September 7, 2015): 736–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838815000282.

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The primary obscenity futuo (‘the male part in sexual intercourse with a woman’) is unsurprisingly rare in literary Latin. Apart from a single occurrence in Horace's Satires (1.2.127, in a passage evoking the adultery mime), its usage is limited to the even lower genre of scoptic epigram, as represented by Catullus, Octavian, Martial and the Priapeia, though it frequently occurs in graffiti. Adams has shown how it tends to be a neutral and even affectionate term, lacking any sense of aggression, though not of the assertion of conventional virility. Nevertheless, it is used almost exclusively of recreational, extramarital and/or illicit sex. This may be in part a function of the way in which its obscenity and low linguistic register (closely equivalent to its English equivalent ‘fuck’) restrict it to the low genres which tend to deal with such subject matter, but this is a potentially circular argument and, whether chicken or egg came first, the undeniable result is an association of the verb with intercourse which is not primarily or even in any way aimed at procreation. It is striking and anomalous, therefore, when Martial uses futuo, on five occasions, in contexts relating to the production (or avoidance of the production) of children. Of course, on a purely logical and biological level, the connection between futuo (specifically the penetration of the vagina by the penis, carefully differentiated by Martial in particular from sexual practices involving other orifices and/or members, such as pedicatio, fellatio and cunnilingus) and the engendering of children is an obvious one. Nevertheless, the aforementioned strong associations of the verb with sex aimed at everything but procreation renders its use in this context jarring. This incongruity and clash of registers is, of course, characteristic of Martial's technique, and the obscenity gains an added spice from being applied to respectable marital relations. The jarring quality is an end in itself and accounts for itself. Yet I wish to argue that there is a further dimension to this discordant association of ‘fucking’ and ‘begetting’, based on a bilingual wordplay between futuo and its near-homonym, the Greek verb φυτεύω. By means of this pun, Martial mischievously suggests not only that ‘fucking’ can be mentioned in the context of ‘begetting’, but also that the two are—in accordance with biology but against all decorum—identical.

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11

Cresswell, Stephen, and Edward M. Steel Jr. "The Court-Martial of Mother Jones." Journal of Southern History 63, no. 1 (February 1997): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2211989.

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12

Smith, Fletcher, and Edward M. Steel. "The Court-Martial of Mother Jones." Arkansas Historical Quarterly 56, no. 4 (1997): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40027898.

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13

Molloy, Scott, and Edward M. Steel Jr. "The Court-Martial of Mother Jones." Journal of American History 83, no. 3 (December 1996): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2945734.

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14

Franchetti, M. A. "Tarnished Scalpels: The Court-Martials of Fifty Union Surgeons." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 285, no. 16 (April 25, 2001): 2135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.16.2135.

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15

Smith, Lieutenant Commander Ursula, and Colonel Daniel J. Lecce. "Litigating National Security Cases under The United States Uniform Code of Military Justice." Journal of International Peacekeeping 20, no. 3-4 (August 17, 2016): 250–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-02003007.

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This paper will discuss classified litigation procedures in United States Military Courts-Martial, governed by Military Rule of Evidence 505 and the Uniform Code of Military Justice. The differences between United States Federal Court procedures and United States Military Commissions, governed by the Classified Information Privilege Act (cipa) and Military Commissions Rule of Evidence 505, are also discussed. Finally, best practices and selected military cases regarding espionage are presented.

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16

Dong, Hui Fang. "Building the AHP-Based Teaching Ability System for Martial Arts Teachers in Institutions of Higher Learning." Advanced Materials Research 187 (February 2011): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.187.29.

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This study builds with AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) the teaching ability system for martial arts teachers in institutions of higher learning, which falls into four layers: destination layer, criteria layer, feature layer and index layer. The destination layer refers to the teaching abilities of martial arts teachers; the criteria layer consists of two criterions, which are professional practice ability and teaching ability; the feature layer is made up of seven features, including martial arts skills, martial arts organization and judgment, martial arts culture, martial arts graph recognition and routine design, basic quality, basic skill and teaching organization; and the index layer consists of 19 indexes, which are self-defense skills, routine exercise skills, offensive and defensive skills, martial arts organization, martial arts judgment, schools of martial arts, martial arts culture, martial arts graph recognition, martial arts routine design, professional ethics, teamwork, humanistic quality, language expression, student management, teaching research, course design, teaching practice, teaching evaluation and teaching guide. The results show that the top five impact factors for the teaching ability of martial arts teachers in institutions of higher learning are course design, routine exercise skills, teaching practice, teaching research and martial arts routine design.

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17

Knight, Roger. "Book Review: Naval Courts Martial, 1793–1815." International Journal of Maritime History 22, no. 1 (June 2010): 394–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387141002200169.

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18

Bruttmann, Tal, and Claire Courtecuisse. "La cour martiale de l'Isère (30 août-6 octobre 1944)." Histoire de la justice 18, no. 1 (2008): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhj.018.0035.

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19

Bruttmann, Tal, and Claire Courtecuisse. "La cour martiale de l’Isère (30 août-6 octobre 1944)." Histoire de la justice 29, no. 1 (2019): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhj.029.0271.

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20

Smoller, Fred. "The Stage as a Classroom." Political Science Teacher 2, no. 4 (1989): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896082800000817.

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Orange—In a play that recalled one of the darker moments in U.S. history, an Army Colonel walked across a dimly lighted stage Monday, handed a pistol to a lieutenant and ordered the man to put the gun to his head and pull the trigger.“You can't be serious,” stammered the horrified lieutenant as his superior officer loudly repeated the order.Upset and confused, the lieutenant let an awkward moment of silence pass, then he quietly told the colonel, a prosecutor: “I can't do it.”So went the chilling climax of a morality play at Chapman College's Waltmar Theater on Monday as students from the freshmen seminar program moved the study of war and peace out of the classroom onto the stage….This is how a local paper reported a play my class wrote and performed about the court martial of Lt. William Calley. As you may recall, William Calley was the Army Lieutenant who, during the height of the Vietnam war, led his platoon into MyLai 4, a small village in South Vietnam. Expecting to find heavily fortified North Vietnamese and Viet Cong soldiers, Calley and his men instead encountered several hundred South Vietnamese civilians, most of them old men, women, children, and babies. The civilians were herded into groups. They were then shot. Calley was later court martialled in one of the most controversial trials in our nation's history.

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21

Connelly, M. "British Courts Martial in North Africa, 1940-3." Twentieth Century British History 15, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 217–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/15.3.217.

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22

Freedus, Matthew S., and Eugene R. Fidell. "Conviction by Special Courts-Martial: A Felony Conviction?" Federal Sentencing Reporter 15, no. 3 (February 1, 2003): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2003.15.3.220.

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23

Boustany, Katia. "Brocklebank: A Questionable Decision of the Court Martial Appeal Court of Canada." Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 1 (December 1998): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1389135900000258.

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During the Canadian mission in Somalia pursuant to resolution 794 (1992) of the Security Council, a stunning incident occurred involving some Canadian soldiers who tortured to death a sixteen-year-old unarmed Somali civilian. The victim was captured during the night of 16 March 1993 while attempting an intrusion into the camp of Belet Huen. Shidane Arone did not offer any resistance and was entrusted to chief corporal Matchee to be kept in custody in a bunker designed for this purpose. This is where the unfortunate Somali had to endure frightful ill-treatment, mainly at Matchee's hands.

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24

Lee, Lisa. "A Case From Australia's War Crimes Trials: Lieutenant-General Nishimura, 1950." Deakin Law Review 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2013vol18no2art42.

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In the aftermath of World War II, Australia undertook domestic trials of suspected Japanese war criminals between 1945 and 1951. This article focuses on Australia’s war crimes trial of Lieutenant-General Nishimura as held at the Los Negros court in mid-June 1950, and the subsequent petitioning period and confirmation process. The Australian war crimes courts were military courts vested with broad discretionary powers that facilitated the expeditious trials of accused. The procedure of war crimes courts differed from that of field general courts-martial in two main areas: admissible evidence and sentencing range — and this article highlights concomitant problems arising during the trial and subsequent case on review. This article examines the prosecution of the case entirely on documentary evidence; the impact of low admissibility thresholds for evidence; issues regarding the voluntariness and reliability of witness evidence; and the option of capital punishment in the Nishimura trial.

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25

Gale, Chris. "Disciplinary Uniformity in Uniform—A Success of the Human Rights Act 1998?" Journal of Criminal Law 72, no. 2 (April 2008): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/jcla.2008.72.2.489.

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Apart from an awareness of shameful treatment to some shell-shocked soldiers on active duty in the First World War, the subjects of military discipline in general and courts-martial in particular are unlikely to permeate the consciousness of the public at large or, indeed, the vast majority of criminal lawyers. This article explores some of the history of both, the current position in relation to courts-martial and the planned reforms under the Armed Forces Act 2006. That the Human Rights Act 1998 exposed some of the anomalities and worst practices of courts-martial is undeniable. It seems equally likely that the 1998 Act was at least a catalyst for the wholesale review and modernisation of military discipline carried out by the 2006 Act.

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26

Beresford, C. "Regina v Lyons: [2011] EWCA Crim 2808; Courts-Martial Appeals Court: Toulson LJ, Openshaw, Hickinbottom JJ: 1 December 2011." Oxford Journal of Law and Religion 1, no. 2 (July 17, 2012): 531–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rws017.

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27

Yost, Mark J., and Douglas S. Anderson. "The Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act of 2000: Closing the Gap." American Journal of International Law 95, no. 2 (April 2001): 446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2661425.

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On November 22, 2000, President Clinton signed into law the Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act of 2000, closing a jurisdictional gap that had concerned the military since the 1950s. The new law establishes federal jurisdiction for crimes committed by civilians who accompany military forces outside the United States, as well as crimes by former members of the military who leave active duty before being prosecuted by courts-martial. Jurisdiction to prosecute under the new statute, however, is granted only to U.S. Article III courts and not to courts-martial.

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28

Bernard, F., V. Baccini, D. Bagneres, P. Rossi, A. L. Demoux, S. Bonin-Guillaume, Y. Frances, and B. Granel. "Thrombocytose et hyperleucocytose sévères au cours d’une anémie par carence martiale : à propos d’un cas." La Revue de Médecine Interne 29, no. 8 (August 2008): 662–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2008.01.006.

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29

Le Fevre, Peter. "THE EARL OF TORRINGTON'S COURT-MARTIAL, 10 DECEMBER 1690." Mariner's Mirror 76, no. 3 (January 1990): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.1990.10656307.

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30

Holland, Robert F. "Unique Procedural Aspects of Court-Martial Sentencing by Jury." Federal Sentencing Reporter 27, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2014.27.2.91.

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31

Cameron, Craig M., and John C. Stevens. "Court-Martial at Parris Island: The Ribbon Creek Incident." Journal of Military History 63, no. 4 (October 1999): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/120624.

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32

Rubin, Gerry. "Courts Martial from Bad Nenndorf (1948) to Osnabrück (2005)." RUSI Journal 150, no. 2 (April 2005): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071840509441969.

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33

Finnane, Mark, and Yorick Smaal. "Character, Discipline, Law: Courts Martial in World War I." Australian Historical Studies 51, no. 3 (July 2, 2020): 324–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2020.1741657.

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34

Kieval, Hillel J. "La vie de la communauté juive en Pologne au XVIIIe siècle (note critique)." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 49, no. 3 (June 1994): 671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1994.279286.

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Durant les années 1980, toute une série de facteurs politiques, institutionnels et diplomatiques se sont combinés pour une renaissance de l'historiographie juive polonaise qu'on ne peut comparer qu'à celle des années 1930. La naissance du mouvement ouvrier Solidarité, au début de la décennie, a conduit à court terme à la menace d'une intervention soviétique et à l'imposition de la loi martiale, mais elle a permis en même temps aux Polonais d'exprimer un certain nombre de revendications politiques et culturelles auxquelles rien jusque-là ne faisait écho dans la vie officielle du pays. Parmi celles-ci, une réévaluation complète de l'expérience historique moderne du pays depuis les fatals partages de la Pologne, à la fin du xviiie siècle. Or, dans toutes les confrontations avec le passé s'est posée la question des « Juifs de Pologne », de leur enracinement — ou de leur manque d'enracinement — dans le paysage historique et de leur condition de victimes de l'histoire, une histoire au cours de laquelle il y eut d'une certaine manière convergence avec la nation polonaise, mais aussi par d'autres aspects essentiels une évidente divergence.

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35

Wang, Yunsong, Aili Qi, and Fangfang Cui. "Application of the Multimedia Teaching System Based on Real-time Shooting and Production in Martial Art Course." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 11, no. 03 (March 30, 2016): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v11i03.5347.

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as higher education goes deep continuously, teaching method has become an important research topic of teaching theory in recent years. Multimedia teaching is one of methods in teaching system. On this basis, this paper develops and designs a multimedia teaching system which can achieve shooting and production at any time, and applies it to teach Martial Art course. Besides, computer technology is applied to design an operable system and construct multimedia teaching system for Martial Art course. Then, by example verification of students in Martial Art class of a college and statistical analysis of data, preliminary trial of multimedia teaching is achieved in practical application. Thus, this paper verifies that multimedia teaching system which can achieve shooting and production at any time can improve teaching quality, and further expounds the function and significance of multimedia teaching method from learning attitude and learning effect.

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36

Sowa, Jan. "„W czym vertitur powaga moja hetmańska…” Organizacja i procedura sądu hetmańskiego w Koronie w latach 1683-1699." Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne 65, no. 1 (November 2, 2018): 203–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cph.2013.65.1.08.

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This paper describes the sand procedure of the Hetman’s Court in the Crown Army at the time of the Great Turkish War (1683-1699). The Court has not been the subject of a separate study since the 1920s, whereas older studies relied on a very meagre source base. Meanwhile, there were availble Hetman’s registers (copies of documents issued by Hetman’s chancellery) from the period when the offi ce was held by Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski, the Ruthenian Palatine and later Kraków Castellan. The registers, albeit incomplete (registers for 1683-1685, 1687-1689 and 1696 are missing), contain, inter alia, decrees issued by the Court Martial (i.e., the Hetman’s Court), which served as the basis for this discussion. The Great Crown Hetman, similarly to the connétable de France (until 1627), combined in his hand the authority of the Commander-in-Chief of the regular army and the administrative authority over it. One of the major aspects of the latter was administration of justice over soldiers. Originally, the hetman had exclusive jurisdiction in this respect but the demands of nobility who suffered from robberies by soldiers resulted in subjecting soldiers to the jurisdiction of ‘civil’ (i.e. non military) courts. In the late 17th century, one can speak of the practically overlapping jurisdiction of the Hetman’s Court, Crown Tribunal and fi scal organs with relation to so-called causae iniuriatorum (causes of the aggrieved: nobility vs. the army). The Great Crown Hetman did not have as extensive a judicial apparatus as some western European armies at that time. Most causes were adjudicated by Jabłonowski himself (possibly with the assistance of junior judges). The Court Martial had also its own instigator and ushers. The competences of military judges are not very clear. To perform certain evidentiary acts (such as inquisition – an equivalent of scrutinum conducted in district courts (sądy ziemskie) – a kind of on-site inspection combined with the hearing of witness testimony) the Hetman would delegate trusted offi cers or national enlistment comrades and, not infrequently, local ‘civil’ offi cers. The role of military police was doubtless performed by the Hetman’s company of Hungarian infantry. The procedure of the Hetman’s court was similar to that of a trial before a district court. A military trial was in principle instituted by a complaint, it was adversarial and controlled by the parties. Proceedings were instituted by bringing a complaint to the military instigator who, in turn, petitioned the Hetman to issue a writ of summons. The penalty for a failure to appear on the fi rst date was contumacy (a fi ne – so-called niestanne). A writ of summons for the second date was announced publicly. The second term was a strict one – a failure to appear meant losing the case, having one’s pay distrained (this, by the way, was the most effective remedy) and – theoretically – being dishonourably discharged from the army (wytrąbienie). The most common evidence included inquisition, interrogation (involving torture in the case of people of non-noble descent) and an oath. The most important penalties imposed by the Court Martial included the penalty of the throat (death penalty – imposed very rarely, it practically was not executed in the case of noblemen), imprisonment in a tower and fi nally damages, which had the greatest practical value.

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37

Zhao, Qisheng, Yanyan Xu, Yang Liu, and Jie Chang. "Experimental Study on Action Learning of Different Visual Teaching Methods in Wushu." SHS Web of Conferences 123 (2021): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112301003.

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Wushu course is a basic content in physical education teaching in colleges and universities. The teaching content of Wushu course is mainly routine teaching. Because Wushu routine is composed of many individual movements, the direction, route, rhythm and body posture are complicated and different from the students’ daily activities and other sports teaching materials, many students feel that Wushu is “difficult to learn” and “forget quickly “. In order to overcome the phenomena of “difficult to teach “,” difficult to learn” and “forget quickly “, we must deeply study the teaching methods in order to improve the teaching effect of martial arts. Demonstration teaching method is the main teaching method used in Wushu teaching, and it is also one of the effective ways to improve the teaching effect of Wushu. As multimedia teaching is more and more used in teaching, demonstration teaching method also has more new teaching methods. [1] This paper analyzes the effect of martial arts teachers in the teaching process through the experimental study of three classes in the martial arts curriculum of physical education major in Dehong Teachers College. In order to study the teaching effect of different intuitive teaching methods in martial arts class.

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38

Burg, B. R. "Sodomy, Masturbation, and Courts-Martial in the Antebellum American Navy." Journal of the History of Sexuality 23, no. 1 (January 2014): 53–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7560/jhs23103.

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Crowe, Jonathan, and Suri Ratnapala. "Military Justice and Chapter III: The Constitutional Basis of Courts Martial." Federal Law Review 40, no. 2 (June 2012): 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22145/flr.40.2.2.

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The High Court has long struggled with the constitutional status of military tribunals established to hear disciplinary charges against service personnel. The Court's judgments reveal three distinct theories on this issue. The first view holds that military tribunals exercise judicial power, but not ‘the judicial power of the Commonwealth’ within the meaning of s 71 of the Constitution. The second view holds that the power in question is not judicial power at all for constitutional purposes. The third view holds that the power is ‘the judicial power of the Commonwealth’, but can be exercised by courts martial under a limited exception to the rules set out in Chapter III of the Constitution. The first view dominated the High Court's reasoning until Lane v Morrison (2009) 239 CLR 230, where the judges endorsed the second view. This article contends that the first and second views pose insuperable difficulties when placed in their broader constitutional context. The authors therefore argue for the third interpretation. They further argue that the constitutional basis for the third view strongly implies that military tribunals may only exercise jurisdiction over offences by military personnel that relate to service discipline.

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Romanowska, Elżbieta. "PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE ON MARTIAL LAW: NOTE FROM THE MEETING OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL OF STATE WITH THE PROSECUTORS OF THE GENERAL PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE ON FEBRUARY 15, 1982." Roczniki Administracji i Prawa 1, no. XVIII (June 30, 2018): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.5991.

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Martial law was introduced in Poland on December 13th, 1981. It started the pe¬riod of massive repressions against the public, going on with varying intensity until the end of the People’s Republic of Poland. Immediately after the imposition, the regulations of martial law were implemented in the units of the PRL Prosecutor’s Office. The formation of proper cri¬minal repression by prosecutors in particular categories of crime, especially in cases conducted ad hoc was of particular importance for the authorities. It was demanded that prosecutors influence court rulings, mainly through active participation in court hearings. Specific basic penalties and additional penalties were expected to be imposed, as well as legal remedies for wrongful decisions from the point of view of power. During the martial law period, a great deal of emphasis was placed on improving the work inside the PRL Prosecutor’s Office, improving the efficiency of its operation, principality, loyalty and availability to the party.

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Shyshko, O. "Odessa drumhead court-martials in the system of white terror (August 1919 – January 1920)." Scholarly Works of the Faculty of History, Zaporizhzhia National University, no. 51 (2018): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26661/swfh-2018-51-004.

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조상혁. "A Study on Confirmation Procedure of Convening Authority in Martial Court." Journal of hongik law review 17, no. 3 (September 2016): 341–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.16960/jhlr.17.3.201609.341.

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Crook, John R. "Brief Notes: Court-Martial Proceedings Against Civilian Defense Contractor in Iraq." American Journal of International Law 102, no. 3 (July 2008): 669–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002930000247180.

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Hicks, Louis. "Book Review: Court-Martial at Parris Island: The Ribbon Creek Incident." Armed Forces & Society 27, no. 4 (July 2001): 644–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x0102700409.

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Gale, Christopher. "Courts Martial: Compatibility with European Convention on Human Rights, Article 6." Journal of Criminal Law 69, no. 5 (October 2005): 375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/jcla.2005.69.5.375.

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Talmadge, Stephen A. "Possible False Confession in a Military Court-Martial: A Case Study." Military Psychology 13, no. 4 (January 2001): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327876mp1304_4.

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Muirí, Réamonn Ó. "A 1798 Court Martial: With Reference to Arthur O Neill, Harper." Seanchas Ardmhacha: Journal of the Armagh Diocesan Historical Society 12, no. 2 (1987): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/29745263.

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Ala Alryyes. "War at a Distance: Court-Martial Narratives in the Eighteenth Century." Eighteenth-Century Studies 41, no. 4 (2008): 525–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ecs.0.0006.

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49

Crowe, Jonathan, and Suri Ratnapala. "Military Justice and Chapter III: The Constitutional Basis of Courts Martial." Federal Law Review 40, no. 2 (June 2012): 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x1204000202.

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50

Mahfutt, Mahfutt, Khairil Anwar, and Billi Belladona Matindas. "THE ROLE OF MARTIAL COURT IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT IN INDONESIA." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 6, no. 22 (March 5, 2021): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.622006.

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The position of the Military Court is a body that executes the judicial power in the circle of the Indonesian National Armed Forces to enforce the law and justice with due observance of the interest in the state defense and safety. The Military Court is authorized to try the crimes committed by someone who when committing such crime is a soldier of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, a member of a group or office or body or equal to a soldier pursuant to the Law and someone is not included in the said group as set forth in the Law Number 31 of 1997 on Military Court. Following the reform of 1988, the existence of the Military Court is developed by some activists and the public that observe the Military Court, insisting the Parliament of the Republic of Indonesia to revise Law Number 31 of 1997 on Military Court, with the focus point for a soldier of the Indonesian National Armed Forces who commits a general crime to be tried in the General Court with the reason that the Military Court practice is closed in nature, and another reason is the equalization of rights before the law. The method used in this research is the normative law research that is carried out to obtain the necessary data relating to the problem. The data used is secondary data consisting of primary law materials, secondary law materials, and tertiary law materials. In addition, primary data is also used as the support of the secondary data law materials. The data is analyzed by the qualitative juridical analysis method. The results of the research show that the Military Court is one of the mechanisms that are always tried to be maintained. The outcome from the research discovers that the role of the Martial Court in Indonesia remains effective, fair, and democratic to this date realistically marked by fair punishment within the jurisdiction offended, which corresponds to the need of TNI institution in the aspects of Culture, Benefit, Assurance, and Fairness. It is recommended that the RI Government continuously develop and improve the same by maintaining the role of the Martial Court in punishing criminal offenses committed by military members on the Martial Court system currently in force.

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