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Subroto, Wandi. "PERLUNYA KEADILAN RESTORATIF DALAM SISTIM PERADILAN ANAK TERHADAP KENAKALAN REMAJA." Jurnal Kelola: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial 5, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/jk.v5i1.491.
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Children and adolescents are the nation's most important assets, and they must be protected from harmful influences that might lead to juvenile delinquency, which leads to criminal activities, and punishment by the law. In Indonesia, a crime is punished according to the court's ruling. If done to children or teenagers, it can lead to negative stigma and discrimination that can impact their future development. For this reason, other approaches to child-related legal cases, such as restorative justice, must be considered. As a result, this study seeks to assess the impact of restorative justice in Indonesian juvenile courts. The research method used is normative juridical legal research, and the research strategy is legal. Secondary data sources include literature and document investigations. The research concluded that diversion is one of the alternatives for addressing legal issues outside of court, as stated in Law No. 11 of 2012 about the Juvenile Justice System, stressing deliberation among perpetrators, victims, families, and connected parties. Recovery, not vengeance, is the aim.
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Fowler, Eric, and Megan C. Kurlychek. "Drawing the Line." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 16, no. 3 (June 28, 2017): 263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204017708017.
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Every state maintains some mechanism by which youths can be tried as adults in criminal courts. While scholars have long debated the inherent benefits or detriments of prosecuting youths as adults, empirical studies of actual outcomes have provided mixed findings and have been limited by problems of selection bias and jurisdictional differences in processing. The current research aims to further inform this literature by capitalizing on a policy change in Connecticut that raised the age of criminal responsibility from 16 to 17 on January 1, 2010, creating a natural experiment to assess the recidivism differences for youths based upon the system of processing: juvenile versus adult court. Findings from a 2-year follow-up reveal that 16-year-olds processed in juvenile courts had substantially reduced rates of recidivism with odds of rearrest that were between .462 and .630 less than for 16-year-olds processed in adult courts dependent on model specification.
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Justyna Włodarczyk - Madejska. "Sylwetki nieletnich sprawców, wobec których sąd orzekł umieszczenie w młodzieżowym ośrodku wychowawczym lub zakładzie poprawczym." Archives of Criminology, no. XXXIX (January 2, 2017): 273–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak2017j.
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The article analyses the profiles of youth offenders with regard to whom courts in 2014 ruled one of the most severe penal measures specified in art. 6 of the Law on juvenile justice of 26 October 1982, i.e. placement in a youth care centre or youth correctional facility. The analysis was carried out using materials collected in the course of research at the National Institute of Justice for the Ministry of Justice within the framework of the project ‘Application of educational measures in the form of placement in youth care facilities and of correctional measures by family and youth courts in light of statistical data and court record research’. The research sample consisted of 397 juveniles (319 boys and 78 girls), who had been brought before a court for criminal offenses (demoralisation was indicated only in 75 of the cases). Information was also collected on 60 other juveniles with regard to whom the court had ruled non-isolation education measures or had discontinued proceedings. Due to the sizable disproportion between the two groups, the latter group was only used for comparative purposes at the stage of compiling the final report. It is not discussed in the article.For the purposes of the study, the notion of ‘juvenile profile’ was defined using the following variables: sex, age, school level, place of residence, problem behaviour at school and outside school, previous interaction with the system of justice, previously applied education measures and the nature of the offense. This ‘profile’ was supplemented by a description of the juvenile’s environment, including family structure, parents’ education and employment status, living conditions and occurring problems. A brief overview of Polish and international literature concerning the risk and protective factors when it comes to youth offenders confirms that it is useful to consider these two elements together. The aim of the analysis was to find out who were the offenders with regard to whom courts had ruled one of the most severe measures under art. 6 of the Juvenile law. Eight detailed research questions were formulated. Most of them came down to determining whether variables such as sex, age, school level, place of residence, negative behaviour in school or outside of school, previous experiences with juvenile courts and problems in the family had any influence on a higher incidence of offending. One of the questions was related to whether certain risk factors in the subjects’ family environment occurred more frequently depending on sex. Correlation between the variables was tested using cross tables and Cramer’s V and Phi statistical measures. Also included is a statistical analysis of juvenile delinquency based on the data of the Polish National Police Headquarters and of the Ministry of Justice.It was found that the juveniles with regard to whom the most severe measures had been ruled in 2014 were mostly boys who had committed criminal offenses, mostly property crimes, at the age of 15-16. They were middle school (gimnazjum) students, living in cities, causing problems both in school and beyond. More than half had previously come into conflict with the law and had previously been sentenced to different education measures. On average, one in two was growing up in a full family (whether biological, adoptive or reconstructed), in which the income did not exceed the national average. The living conditions of around half of them were average, while the family environment was characterised by various problems, ranging from substance abuse, criminality and prison sentences to domestic violence. Although the studied boys and girls presented a similar picture, a more detailed analysis of certain variables made it possible to bring out significant differences. These differences are visible when it comes to the reasons for launching proceedings before a court, the age at which the offense was committed, the problems caused, previous contacts with the law, as well as the type and frequency of previously applied education measures. The risk factors in the family environments of boys and girls were also largely the same. The only difference was the intensity of their occurrence – decidedly higher in the families of juvenile boys. This means that the boys had grown up in worse living conditions, their parents were less educated were rarely employed. The intensity of problems related to substance abuse, a criminal record and domestic violence in their homes was also higher.
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Stein, David M., Kendra J. Homan, and Scott DeBerard. "The Effectiveness of Juvenile Treatment Drug Courts: A Meta-Analytic Review of Literature." Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse 24, no. 2 (January 13, 2015): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1067828x.2013.764371.
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Revina, I. V., and N. V. Petrov. "IMPROVEMENT OF GUARANTEES FOR THE SUPPORT OF the RIGHTS of MINORs IN CRIMINAL PROCEDURES BY IMPLEMENTing the IDEAS OF JUVENILE JUSTICE: LEGAL ASPECTS." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 22, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2018-22-1-197-203.
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Russia's accession to the Council of Europe and the signing of relevant international agreements contributed to the development of regulations on the rights of a child and branching juvenile law in the Russian legal system. Meanwhile, it should be pointed out that processes of legal regulation in the field of the formation of the legislative basis of juvenile law are in some way incomplete, which is the result of the imperfection of the existing legal acts affecting the rights and interests of minors. The issue of the expediency of creating juvenile justice in Russia is being discussed for a long time in the legal papers and at the legislative level. The provision on the formation of juvenile justice was included in the 1991 Concept of Judicial Reform in the Russian Federation. Later, different authors worked out several draft Laws on Juvenile Justice. At parliamentary hearings in the State Duma, the prospects of creating juvenile courts in the system of courts of general jurisdiction were considered. Meanwhile, such close attention to the indicated problem does not have a significant impact on the increasing child and adolescent crime in the country. The plurality of the above-mentioned legal problems and their multifaceted nature necessitate improvement of justice in relation to minors. This raises a number of theoretical, legal, practical and ethical issues that require studying and adopting relevant decisions at the legislative level. Therefore, studies that allow analyzing the current Russian criminal procedure legislation from the point of view of the possibility of functioning of juvenile justice on its basis relying on international legal standards are really urgent. The criminal procedure legislation in the Russian Federation as a whole is focused on continuous improvement in the context of ensuring the maximum number of procedural guarantees of the legality of criminal proceedings, as well as observance of human rights with the application of their minimum restrictions, including in relation to such category of persons involved in criminal proceedings as minors. In this article, the authors consider the institution of juvenile justice as an additional guarantee of securing the rights of minors in criminal proceedings in Russia, propose the ways to address current and debatable aspects of this problem. The paper analyzes the current criminal procedural legislation, decisions of the Plenums of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation as well as the judgements of the courts in specific cases concerning the problems of the study. In the study of individual topics of the issue, scientific literature as well as statistical data have been used. The conclusions and proposals made in the work are aimed at improving the current legislation of the Russian Federation and law enforcement practice, and can also be used in the educational process.
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DeVault, Alicia, Vanessa A. Helfrick, Shawn C. Marsh, and Katie M. Snider. "Environmental Considerations for Trauma-Responsive Juvenile and Family Courts: A Review of the Literature with Recommendations for Practice." Juvenile and Family Court Journal 69, no. 2 (June 2018): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfcj.12109.
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Polii, Johanis L. S. S. "Criminal and criminal actions against minors." Gema Wiralodra 14, no. 3 (October 10, 2023): 1186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/gw.v14i3.495.
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This abstract conveys the importance of protecting children's rights as part of citizens. Every country in the world must provide adequate care and protection for children. This guidance and protection cover the child's overall physical, mental, and social growth and development. Even though there are cases of children involved in criminal acts, the development and protection of children remain the state's responsibility. In recent years, the media has often raised the issue of juvenile delinquency or crimes committed by children. This attracts public attention because children even become perpetrators of crimes. This research uses secondary data from library materials such as books, laws, literature, and journals. The educational punishment system is one form of the punishment system used today. This system pays more attention to children's rights and obligations and provides treatment to promote better integration of children into society. This treatment is carried out by placing children in care or coaching institutions that provide education job training and spiritual aspects to improve children's morals and spirituality so that mental improvement can be carried out more quickly. The rules for implementing juvenile crimes in Indonesia are regulated in the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHP) and Law Number 3 of 1997 concerning Juvenile Courts. In this way, it can be seen how the child punishment system currently applies in Indonesia.
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KHRABROVA, ELENA V., and EVGENIA V. CHERNYSHENKO. "Legal regulation and organization of the activities of parental committees in the FPS of Russia educational colonies." Vedomosti (Knowledge) of the Penal System 230, no. 7 (2021): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51522/2307-0382-2021-230-7-32-42.
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The article shows the importance of parental committees in educational work with juveniles sentenced to imprisonment, examines the current problems of legal regulation of the activities of parental committees in educational colonies of the Federal Penitentiary Service and suggests ways to solve them. The article is devoted to statistical data, domestic penal legislation, scientific literature on the topic of the article, the experience of educational colonies in organizing parental committees. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the high importance of the parental committees’ activities in the work with convicted juveniles, to highlight some of the gaps currently existing in the penal legislation that reduce the effectiveness of parental committees in educational work with convicted juveniles, to formulate specific amendments to the current regulatory legal acts. The methodological basis of the research was the statistical method, analysis, synthesis, induction, system-structural, formallogical methods, and the questionnaire method. As a result of the work carried out, the role of parental committees in educational work with juveniles sentenced to imprisonment is shown; the domestic penal legislation is analyzed from the perspective of organizing the activities of parental committees in educational colonies; a survey among the employees of 18 educational colonies is conducted; proposals improving the legislation on the organization of the parental committees’ activities in educational colonies are formulated. It has been established that a more precise definition of the legal status of parental committees will contribute to defining the rights and obligations of members of parental committees, which will have a positive effect on the effectiveness of their work in providing educational impact on juvenile convicts and assisting the administration in organizing the educational work. These decisions will have a positive effect on the organization of the process of reforming juvenile convicts in educational colonies of the FPS of Russia. Conclusions are drawn about the importance of defining the legal status of parental committees in educational colonies, the procedure for their formation, terms of functioning, the rights and obligations of members of parental committees, normative consolidation of requirements for their composition.of criminal and penal law, to the practical activities of courts, as well as institutions and bodies that execute criminal sentences. Keywords: educational work with convicts, parental committee, educational colonies of the FPS of Russia, juveniles sentenced to imprisonment, forms of educational work.
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Anwar, Syaiful, and Mardella Galih. "Juvenile, Prisons, and Justice: How Do Correctional Agencies Provide Legal Assistance for Children in Conflict with The Law?" Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijicle.v3i2.46171.
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The Juvenile Justice System in Indonesia has a special feature where a child facing the law in criminal justice must receive special protection by law enforcers. One of them is the Correctional Center which has an important role in providing input from the police, prosecutors and courts as a form of realization of the protection of children's rights. Children who are included in the group whose rules are in the national and international human rights instruments must receive special protection by providing legal assistance and the state must be responsible for the fulfillment of these special rights. The issues raised in this paper are: What is meant by children dealing with the law and what is the form of legal assistance by correctional institutions (BAPAS) for children dealing with the law. The method used in writing this paper is descriptive qualitative analysis using primary legal material data, secondary legal materials, and other literature study materials.
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Olga Sitarz and Dominika Bek. "Mediation with the Participation of a Minor: Victimological Issues." Archives of Criminology, no. XXXVI (January 1, 2014): 363–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak2014m.
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A child can participate in mediation in criminal cases where he/she is a party to the proceedings and in juvenile cases. This occurs in the basic situations where he/she is either the perpetrator or the victim of a criminal act. These are obviously very different roles. A child is involved in proceedings for different purposes when he/she has been wronged than when he/she is the wrongdoer. In either case, however, the child requires special protection and treatment on account of his/her physical, psychological, emotional and intellectual immaturity. The Polish legislature recognises this and has introduced special provisions for children, i.e. juvenile and youth offenders and minor victims. Mediation with juveniles has acquired its own regulations. It might not be overly popular, but it is relatively well formulated. There are no such special provisions, however, for minor victims of criminal acts. Nor has this issue been given much consideration in the literature. As if that were not worrying enough, the key statement of the courts (Supreme Court Decision I KZP 9/12 of 20 June 2012) gives additional cause for concern as it shows that the objectives and principles of mediation are not sufficiently understood by the Supreme Court. Determining whether mediation can be conducted with a child who has been wronged by a crime committed by one of his/her parents is the primary goal the authors have set themselves. This does not so much concern the normative layer – where the law does not impose any limitations – as the ability of the child to take part in a mediation meeting and the possibility of assuring him/her adequate protection. These considerations raise several detailed issues whose specifications require a “child”, a “victim” and a “wronged party”. The nature of reconciliation and forgiveness, as distinctive features of mediation agreements, have to be analysed. Whether certain types of criminal cases (and not just those involving children) are suitable for mediation proceedings is another question that has to be answered). Children are often victims of violent crimes. These types of cases are highly contentious in the context of mediation, even when the victims are adults. This issue is evaluated against the main principles of mediation, viz. that it be voluntary and that the two sides be evenly matched. Accepting the admissibility of children participating in mediation raises the following questions as to how this admissibility is to be qualified: the minimum age of the child; representation of the child by a parent, guardian or probation officer; and special mediator training. The problems identified in the study acquire a particularly drastic dimension when the perpetrators of crimes against children happen to be the children’s own parents. Mediation between a child-victim and a perpetrator-parent is so fraught with danger as to make it inadmissible in such cases. The authors’ reservations concerning mediation with minor victims do not
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Katner, David R. "The Mental Health Paradigm and the MacArthur Study: Emerging Issues Challenging the Competence of Juveniles in Delinquency Systems." American Journal of Law & Medicine 32, no. 4 (December 2006): 503–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885880603200402.
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Understanding the factors that impact a juvenile's adjudicative competence in delinquency and criminal proceedings today requires some familiarity with mental illness, mental retardation, and developmental immaturity. Current research and studies shed new light on these factors that juvenile advocates, prosecutors, judges, and policymakers must routinely confront. This article discusses some of the issues involved in competency determinations of juveniles awaiting trial; addressing both the more traditional factors, such as mental illness and mental retardation, and some of the more recent studies and literature identifying developmental immaturity as an emerging basis for challenging the competency of juveniles to stand trial.Juvenile justice systems routinely presume that adolescents accused of delinquent or criminal misconduct are competent to stand trial. Adults charged with criminal misconduct are also presumed to be competent. Competency requires that citizens accused of criminal misconduct understand the charges against them, have rudimentary understanding of the court process, be able to understand and answer questions posed to them by their counsel, and be able to make decisions about their trial such as whether to testify, and whether to accept or reject plea bargains.
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FEDOTOVA, EVGENIYA N. "Current state of practical applying criminal punishment in the form of imprisonment for a certain period in relation to juveniles." Vedomosti (Knowledge) of the Penal System 229, no. 6 (2021): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51522/2307-0382-2021-229-6-32-44.
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The article analyzes the criminal punishment in the form of imprisonment for a certain period in terms of its application to juveniles. The article considers the criminal, penal and criminological aspects, as well as the correlation of the procedure for applying the specified criminal punishment with the provisions of international standards in the administration of juvenile justice. The subject of the article is the statistical reporting of the Judicial Department at the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Russian legislation, provisions of international regulatory legal acts, scientific literature on the stated topic. The purpose of the study is to comprehensively analyze punishment in the form of imprisonment for a certain period of time as a type of punishment applied to juveniles, to identify problems in the practice of its appointment and execution in relation to the designated category of persons, as well as to find possible ways of eliminating such problems. The methodological basis of the research was made up of statistical, comparative legal, systemic and structural methods, analysis, synthesis, induction and other general scientific methods. The author has investigated the essence and content of imprisonment, the procedure for its appointment to juveniles, analyzed the data of judicial statistics. On the basis of statistical data of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, the practice of organizing the execution of sentences in the form of imprisonment in relation to underage persons has been studied. A criminological personality study of a juvenile convicted to this type of criminal punishment, held in an educational colony, has been carried out. The main tendencies and peculiarities of appointing imprisonment for juveniles and the practice of its implementation are revealed, the effectiveness of this type of punishment for juveniles is assessed, the existing problems are formulated, and the author's ways of eliminating them are proposed. In conclusion, the author states that, in general, the practice of applying imprisonment to juveniles does not have critical problems and complies with the requirements of international normative legal acts. The main problem is the weak organization of post-penitentiary monitoring of minors who have served their imprisonment sentence. Key words: juvenile, imprisonment, educational colony, juvenile delinquent, juvenile delinquency, re-socialization.
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Sanborn, Joseph B. "Certification to Criminal Court: The Important Policy Questions of How, When, and Why." Crime & Delinquency 40, no. 2 (April 1994): 262–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128794040002007.
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Recent juvenile justice commentators have been guilty of serious misrepresentations about the process of transferring juvenile defendants to criminal court. If accepted, these misrepresentations could lead to dramatic changes in juvenile court certification policy. The purposes of this article are twofold. The first is to thoroughly explicate the transfer phenomenon and thereby neutralize the misrepresentations in the literature. The second objective is to identify the perspectives of various juvenile court workers regarding certification so as to further enable policymakers to comprehend and to address this volatile subject.
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Gallego Córcoles, Ricardo, and Raquel Bartolomé Gutiérrez. "El efecto del género en la toma de decisiones en el sistema de Justicia Juvenil (The effect of gender on decision-making in the Juvenile Justice System)." Oñati Socio-legal Series 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 442–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1057.
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Existe evidencia de que cuestiones de género influyen en la toma de decisiones en Justicia Juvenil en diversos países. Sin embargo, en España no existen estudios empíricos al respecto. Una aproximación a nuestra realidad puede servir de punto de partida para realizar un análisis más profundo sobre la cuestión. Se diseñó un estudio descriptivo de naturaleza retrospectiva. La muestra estuvo constituida por 166 jóvenes, 127 chicos y 39 chicas, expedientados en el Juzgado de Menores de Guadalajara por cometer algún delito. Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias significativas entre chicos y chicas en cuanto a las decisiones que se toman con respecto a ellos en ninguna de las fases del procedimiento judicial. Tampoco si se analizan únicamente los delitos violentos, tradicionalmente considerados propios de los chicos. Todas las profesionales que han intervenido en la toma de decisiones analizada son mujeres. Esta circunstancia puede influir en los resultados. There is enough evidence in scientific literature about the effect of gender on the decision-making in the Juvenile Justice System. However, in Spain, there are no known empirical studies in this regard. An approximation to our reality might serve as a starting point for a deeper analysis on the issue. The aim of the present study was to perform a descriptive, retrospective study of the cases disposed to the juvenile court judge during eight months in the Juvenile Court of Guadalajara, Spain. The final data set contained 166 cases, 127 boys and 39 girls disposed to the Juvenile Court of Guadalajara for committing some crime in the territorial scope of this province, No differences between sexes occurred in any case. Neither if only violent crimes are considered. All professionals who have intervened in the decision-making were women. This circumstance could influence the results obtained.
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Mears, Daniel P., Joshua J. Kuch, Andrea M. Lindsey, Sonja E. Siennick, George B. Pesta, Mark A. Greenwald, and Thomas G. Blomberg. "Juvenile Court and Contemporary Diversion." Criminology & Public Policy 15, no. 3 (June 15, 2016): 953–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12223.
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Rhineberger-Dunn, Gayle, and Kristin Y. Mack. "Negative Impact of the Job: Secondary Trauma Among Juvenile Detention and Juvenile Probation Officers." Violence and Victims 35, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 68–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-18-00141.
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The purpose of this article is to extend the existing literature on the workplace experiences of staff who work with juvenile offenders. We do this by assessing the extent of secondary trauma among a sample of juvenile detention officers and juvenile probation officers, and examine whether or not predictors of secondary trauma differ by position. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression results based on a survey of 298 staff reveal that secondary trauma is relatively low among both juvenile detention officers and juvenile court/probation officers. Additionally, results indicate predictors of secondary trauma differ for each of these job positions. Experiencing threat or harm from offenders increased secondary trauma for detention officers but not for probation/court officers. However, having a higher level of education and input into decision-making decreased secondary trauma for probation/court officers, but not for detention officers. Greater support from coworkers led to decreased secondary trauma for both detention and probation/court officers. Implications for detention and probation agencies include efforts to improve supervisor and coworker support, as well as debriefing sessions after threat of harm incidents have occurred.
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Kincaid, Aleksis P., and Amanda L. Sullivan. "Parity or Disparity? Outcomes of Court-Involved Youth With and Without Disabilities." Remedial and Special Education 41, no. 6 (November 15, 2019): 368–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741932519887502.
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Youth with disabilities are overrepresented in the juvenile justice system, but few studies have investigated the mechanisms by which this occurs. In this study, we considered how juvenile court adjudication and length of commitment in secure facilities contributed to disproportionality in court involvement and detention, addressing an important gap in the intersection of disability and juvenile justice literature. Using linked educational and juvenile justice records of 41,812 youth, we sought to ascertain whether, among juvenile offenders, youth with disabilities had higher likelihood of adjudication as delinquent or placement in secure facilities for longer periods of time compared to youth without disabilities. Results indicated that youth with and without disabilities were adjudicated and placed similarly, suggesting that disparities contributing to overrepresentation of youth with disabilities in detained populations may manifest earlier in youths’ involvement in the justice system. We conclude with implications for research, policy, and practice.
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Kalist, David E., Daniel Y. Lee, and Stephen J. Spurr. "Predicting Recidivism of Juvenile Offenders." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 329–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2013-0188.
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Abstract This study uses a large data set to analyze and predict recidivism of juvenile offenders in Pennsylvania. We employ a split-population duration model to determine the effect of covariates on (1) the probability of failure, defined as a second referral to juvenile court, and (2) the time to failure, given that it occurs. A test of the predictive power of our estimates finds a false positive rate of 18.5% and a false negative rate of 20.7%, which compares favorably to the performance of other models in the literature.
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O.V., Yermak. "ON ISSUE CONCERNING TYPES OF OTHER CRIMINAL AND LEGAL MEASURES FOR JUVEMILES: NORMATIVE APPROACH." Scientific journal Criminal and Executive System: Yesterday. Today. Tomorrow 2020, no. 2 (December 22, 2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjcriminal.2020.02.007.
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Much attention in society is given to the problem of the impact of criminal and legal measures on juvenile offenders but it does not lead to radical change. Juveniles often commit various types of criminal offenses related to drug use and violence. In the process of analyzing the Criminal Code of Ukraine and special literature in order to study the legal nature of other measures of criminal law applicable to minors, the following their types are investigated: coercive measures of medical nature, special confiscation and coercive measures of educational nature. In order to treat, improve the mental state, prevent committing of new offenses against minors, coercive measures of medical nature are applied. Namely they are: providing compulsory outpatient psychiatric care; hospitalization in a psychiatric institution with regular supervision; hospitalization in a psychiatric institution of intensive care; hospitalization in a psychiatric institution under strict supervision. Special confiscation is a compulsory, gratuitous seizure by a court of state property of money, property and other property and applies to a minor in general. Determining the type of coercive measure takes place in court and depends on the severity of the crime and other circumstances. Coercive measures of educational nature are measures aimed at educating minors, providing additional control over them and preventing from committing of new socially dangerous actions. Types of such measures are warnings; restriction of leisure and establishment of special requirements for minor’s behavior; transferring under the supervision of parents or persons replacing them, or teaching or work staff with their consent, or individual citizens at their request; imposing on a minor who has reached the age of fifteen and has property, money or earnings, the obligation to compensate for the property damage caused; referral of a minor to a special educational institution and appointment of a minor educator. Key words: juvenile criminal law, Criminal Code of Ukraine, coercive measures of medical nature, special confiscation, coercive measures of educational nature, punishment.
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Setyawan, Vincentius Patria, and Anastasia Priska Kristianti. "Expansion of Diversion Regulations in the Trial of Children in Conflict with the Law." Jurnal Kepastian Hukum dan Keadilan 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.32502/khk.v4i2.5557.
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Diversion is a sort of alternative dispute resolution that diverts child cases away from the conventional legal system and toward more informal means of conflict settlement. Children who are threatened with incarceration for a term of less than seven (seven) years and who have not committed a crime may be eligible for a diversion mediation process under Article 7 paragraph (2) of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. This process may be applied to cases in which the child is not guilty of a crime. The structure for diverting cases that is included in the Supreme Court Regulation represents an expansion of the legal meaning. Nevertheless, the Supreme Court Regulation in this instance needs to be in compliance with the provisions of the law that is already in place. In this study, a qualitative research method was combined with an approach based on literature and legislation. According to the findings of the study, developments regarding diversion regulations are contained in Supreme Court Regulation Number 4 of 2014 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of Diversion in the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. As a result, this supreme court regulation permits diversion in terms of criminal acts that are punishable by imprisonment of 7 years or more in the form of a subsidiary.
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Golovko, N. V. "On the issue of bringing minors to criminal responsibility and execution of punishment against them." E-Journal of Dubna State University. A series "Science of man and society -, no. 1 (February 2020): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37005/2687-0231-2020-0-2-32-40.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of theoretical and legal issues related to the problems of bringing minors to criminal responsibility, as well as the execution of criminal punishment imposed by the court against them. The analysis of legal literature, legislative acts, as well as judicial and investigative practice regarding the privileges provided by the criminal law in relation to juvenile offenders. On the basis of the research, the author identified the main tasks facing law enforcement officers, who are charged with the duty to perform the criminal penalties established by the court against adolescents.
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Saefudin, Wahyu, and Nasirudin Nasirudin. "IMPLEMENTATION OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE BY PROBATION AND PAROLE OFFICERS IN INDONESIA." Journal of Correctional Issues 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52472/jci.v5i1.83.
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The cases enforcement of children in conflict with the law has shifted from retribution to restorative. This policy transformation was in line with the ratification of Act 11/2012 on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, which replaced Act 3/1997 on Juvenile Court. This study aims to examine the role of community mentors in Indonesia, both before and after implementing the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Act. This study utilizes a qualitative approach through literature review with primary data originating from legislation, scientific journals, and books then studied systematically and described descriptively. The study results explain that probation and parole officers have a significant role in implementing restorative justice in Indonesia. This role has been proven to reduce the number of child criminals who must end up in prison. This study shows differences in the number of prison sentences for children before and after the enactment of the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Act. Probation and parole officers are at the forefront of implementing restorative justice in Indonesia through their duties and functions
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Hughes, Tammy, Tara Raines, and Celeste Malone. "School Pathways to the Juvenile Justice System." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7, no. 1 (March 2020): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732219897093.
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School policies have increasingly criminalized students for common developmentally appropriate behaviors, such as talking back, public displays of affection, or repeated tardiness. Although their behaviors are no more problematic than their peers, children of color and children of color with disabilities are punished at higher rates. The increasing number of police in schools has also increased the number of arrests. In some cities, schools are the primary referral source to juvenile court. The literature on implicit bias, decision-making, and discipline disparities suggests new policy approaches: Evidence-based measures can disrupt these pathways to the justice system. A range of solutions could fortify efforts to protect all students and promote positive school climate.
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Nichols, Andrea, Sarah Slutsker, Melissa Oberstaedt, and Kourtney Gilbert. "Team Approaches to Addressing Sex Trafficking of Minors: Promising Practices for a Collaborative Model." Societies 13, no. 3 (March 11, 2023): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc13030066.
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The extant research literature is lacking in its focus on community-based responses (CBRs) to sex trafficking involving minors in the juvenile justice system. To address this research gap, the present study draws from 35 interviews with social service and justice system practitioners who work with juvenile justice-involved minors experiencing sex trafficking to examine collaborative responses in two Study Sites. Specifically, protocols to respond to trafficking and collaboration with community partners are explored. Results indicate that a formal protocol engaging a team approach inclusive of multiple community partners is a promising mezzo level response to addressing the sex trafficking of minors involved in the juvenile justice system. Informal and formal relationships, establishing a shared goal, open and ongoing communication, and trust building were also found to enhance community-based responses. Implications include establishing a protocol to respond to sex trafficking in the juvenile court system when sex trafficking is suspected and/or confirmed, which would engage a CBR team involving the survivor, parent(s)/guardian(s), DJO, supervisor, investigator, judge, Children’s Division caseworker, and social services provider(s). Establishing a shared goal within the CBR team and developing a pattern of communication and follow up can facilitate trust building, ultimately benefitting CBRs addressing the sex trafficking of minors involved with the juvenile justice system.
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Prastyoso, '., and '. Subekti. "PENJATUHAN PIDANA DENDA TERHADAP ANAK YANG MELAKUKAN TINDAK PIDANA PERSETUBUHAN DALAM PUTUSAN NOMOR 1/PID.SUS-ANAK/2019/PN.PTS." Recidive : Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Penanggulangan Kejahatan 9, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/recidive.v9i1.47389.
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<p>Abstrak<br />Penelitian hukum ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penjatuhan pidana denda terhadap anak yang melakukan tindak pidana persetubuhan dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Putussibau Nomor 1/Pid. Sus-Anak/2019/PN.PTS. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan sifat preskriptif. Pendekatan yang digunakan ialah pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Bahan hukum yang digunakan terdiri dari bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum yang digunakan ialah studi kepustakaan. Teknik analisis yang digunakan ialah teknik deduksi dengan metode silogisme hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan penjatuhan denda terhadap Anak telah diatur dalam Pasal 71 Ayat 3 Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 yang menyatakan bahwa penjatuhan pidana denda harus digantikan dengan pelatihan kerja bagi Anak.<br />Kata Kunci : Pidana Denda, Anak, Tindak Pidana Persetubuhan.</p><p>Abstract<br />This legal research aims to analyze the imposition of fine for a child who commits sexuality within The Verdict of Putussibau District Court Number 1/Pid.Sus-Anak/2019/PN.PTS. This research used normative legal research with prescriptive characteristic. This research used statute approach and case approach. The legal material consists of primary legal meterials and secondary legal materials, the legal sources was obtained by literature study. The legal sources was analyzed by using deductive sylogism law method. The result shows that Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning Juvenile Justice System has erased the provision on fine towards Juvenile Delinquency through the change of fine into work training form so they can’t be imposed by fine except in the form of work training. The Verdict of Putussibau District Court Number 1/Pid.Sus-Anak/2019/PN.PTS shows that is still such fine imposition towards Juvenile Delinquency which is not transferred into work training. The prosecutors and the judges in the mentioned verdict didn’t apply the provision of Article 71 paragraph 3 Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning Juvenile Justice System on indictment and conviction.<br />Keywords : Fines, Juvenile Delinquency, Sexuality</p>
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Lewis, B. D., and R. L. Goldingay. "Population monitoring of the vulnerable wallum sedge frog (Litoria olongburensis) in north-eastern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Zoology 53, no. 3 (2005): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo03063.
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The literature on the population ecology of Australian frogs provides relatively few accounts of population monitoring. This has hampered our ability to understand how frog populations respond to dynamic rainfall patterns and to determine the stability of populations of threatened frog species. We conducted biannual monitoring of the wallum sedge frog (Litoria olongburensis) along transects at 10 sites over a 4-year period (1996–2000). We recorded six environmental parameters to assess their influence on our population indices. Monitoring of transects indicated that populations were rarely stable and fluctuated from year to year. Counts of adults were negatively influenced by rain during the previous day but positively influenced by rain during the previous week. This suggests that timing of recent rainfall has a differing influence on habitat use by adult frogs. Counts of adults were also significantly influenced by site and census period. Numbers of juveniles were influenced by rain during the previous three months, which may suggest that successful recruitment depends on higher water levels in the sedge swamps. Counts of juveniles were also significantly influenced by census period. Our analysis reveals that, after controlling for the influence of rainfall, the number of adult frogs per census varied between 10 and 20 per transect. The number of juveniles varied between 5 and 15 per transect per census. We conclude that the wallum sedge frog across the geographic range of our sites was not in decline during our monitoring period. In light of our findings we provide a review on population monitoring of Australian frogs.
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Kroese, Janique, Wim Bernasco, Aart C. Liefbroer, and Jan Rouwendal. "Single-Parent Families and Adolescent Crime: Unpacking the Role of Parental Separation, Parental Decease, and Being Born to a Single-Parent Family." Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology 7, no. 4 (December 2021): 596–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40865-021-00183-7.
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AbstractAddressing a gap in the extant literature on single-parent families and juvenile delinquency, we distinguish between different types of single-parent families. Using Dutch population register data on nearly 1.3 million children, we performed logistic regressions to assess the relation between growing up in a single-parent family before age 12 and the likelihood to engage in juvenile delinquency during adolescence. Our findings suggest that the likelihood of juvenile delinquency increases (1) when children are born to a single parent, followed by children with separated parents and children experiencing parental death, compared to children growing up with both biological parents; (2) when the single-parent family started at a younger age; and (3) when children grow up with only a biological mother, for both sons and daughters, compared to only a biological father. The relationship between growing up in single-parent families and juvenile delinquency is much more complex than often assumed. Future research should pay more attention to diversity in the composition of single-parent families.
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Mujiaka, Dita. "Juridical Overview of the Process of Proving Crimes Committed by Children according to Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System (Case Study Decision Number: 9/Pid.Sus- Anak/2019/Pn.Slw)." Journal of Law Science 4, no. 2 (April 26, 2022): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/jls.v4i2.2229.
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This study aims to determine the process of proving a crime if the perpetrator is a child according to Law no. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System and the obstacles faced in the process of proving criminal acts committed by children. This research was conducted in Tegal, namely the Tegal District Court, the Slawi District Attorney and the Tegal Police, the authors conducted interviews with 1 (one) prosecutor, 1 (one) judge and 1 (one) police investigator, as well as other data obtained through the relevant literature, namely literature, documents and laws and regulations relating to the problem. The data obtained were then processed and analyzed qualitatively-descriptively. Based on the results of research and discussion, the process of proving a crime in a child case is different from proving a general crime (a criminal case for adults). The process of proving a child's crime is regulated in Law no. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System starting from the process of investigation, arrest and detention, prosecution to examination in court. In terms of evidence in proving cases of child crimes, it is not specifically regulated in the SPPA Law, therefore it still refers to the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) Article 184. The absence of guidelines for the implementation of diversion practices for law enforcement officers causes the implementation diversion varies depending on the understanding of law enforcement officers and the lack of understanding in the application of the SPPA Law by law enforcement officers.
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Mujiaka, Dita. "Juridical Overview of the Process of Proving Crimes Committed by Children according to Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System (Case Study Decision Number: 9/Pid.Sus- Anak/2019/Pn.Slw)." Journal of Law Science 4, no. 2 (April 26, 2022): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/jls.v4i2.2229.
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This study aims to determine the process of proving a crime if the perpetrator is a child according to Law no. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System and the obstacles faced in the process of proving criminal acts committed by children. This research was conducted in Tegal, namely the Tegal District Court, the Slawi District Attorney and the Tegal Police, the authors conducted interviews with 1 (one) prosecutor, 1 (one) judge and 1 (one) police investigator, as well as other data obtained through the relevant literature, namely literature, documents and laws and regulations relating to the problem. The data obtained were then processed and analyzed qualitatively-descriptively. Based on the results of research and discussion, the process of proving a crime in a child case is different from proving a general crime (a criminal case for adults). The process of proving a child's crime is regulated in Law no. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System starting from the process of investigation, arrest and detention, prosecution to examination in court. In terms of evidence in proving cases of child crimes, it is not specifically regulated in the SPPA Law, therefore it still refers to the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) Article 184. The absence of guidelines for the implementation of diversion practices for law enforcement officers causes the implementation diversion varies depending on the understanding of law enforcement officers and the lack of understanding in the application of the SPPA Law by law enforcement officers.
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Hasanah, Lailatul Nur, and Sri Endah Wahyuningsih. "The Application Of Justice Principles Of Rapid Simple Fee In Criminal Justice System In The State Court (Case Study in State court of Pati)." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 2, no. 4 (April 7, 2020): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v2i4.8353.
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This study aims to determine and analyze the application of the principle of simple justice Rapid Simple Fee in the criminal justice system in the State court of Pati. As well as to identify and explain the barriers and solutions simple application of the principle of justice Rapid Simple Fee in the judicial system in State court of Pati. And to identify and explain the contribution principle is simple justice Rapid Simple Fee in the criminal justice system to reform the criminal justice system in the future. This study uses empirical juridical approach to analysis of the application of the principle of judicial issues simple, quick and inexpensive in the criminal justice system in the State court of Pati. Specifications research is descriptive analysis. With data collection techniques are primary and secondary data and research literature, analyzed using qualitative. The problem is analyzed with the theory of law enforcement and progressive legal theory. The results of this study showed that every judge shall comply with the laws that have been set ie power Act No. 48 of 2009 and Act No. 8 of 1981. Constraints in principle to simple justice Rapid Simple Fee is the human resources of the apparatus law enforcement, lack law enforcement and courtroom facilities, absence of the parties or witnesses. The solution is to determine the court calendar, giving sanction to the litigants or witnesses who have been called State court of Pati. Contributions in future expected law enforcement qualified for handling the case, mutual cooperation between law enforcement agencies and is able to imitate the criminal justice system in developed countries such as settling disputes out of court with mediation mechanism penal (penal mediation), restorative justice, diversion in juvenile justice and other forms that thrive in the community. It is considered necessary as part of the criminal law reform. Contributions in future expected law enforcement qualified for handling the case, mutual cooperation between law enforcement agencies and is able to imitate the criminal justice system in developed countries such as settling disputes out of court with mediation mechanism penal (penal mediation), restorative justice, diversion in juvenile justice and other forms that thrive in the community. It is considered necessary as part of the criminal law reform. Contributions in future expected law enforcement qualified for handling the case, mutual cooperation between law enforcement agencies and is able to imitate the criminal justice system in developed countries such as settling disputes out of court with mediation mechanism penal (penal mediation), restorative justice, diversion in juvenile justice and other forms that thrive in the community. It is considered necessary as part of the criminal law reform.Keywords: Principle of Simple Justice, Rapid Simple Fee In Criminal Justice System in Pati Court
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Sulfikar, Sulfikar HR, Ruslan Renggong, and Yulia A. Hasan. "ANALISIS PUTUSAN PENGADILAN NEGERI MASAMBA NOMOR 1/ PID.SUS-ANAK/2022/PN.MSB DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN ANAK." Indonesian Journal of Legality of Law 6, no. 1 (December 5, 2023): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35965/ijlf.v6i1.3821.
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Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Masamba Nomor 1/Pid.sus-Anak/2022/PN.MSB berdasarkan Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak dan faktor yang menjadi penghambat penerapan Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak di Kabuapten Luwu Utara. Penelitian ini merupukan penelitian normatif-empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang dilakukan di Polres Luwu Utara, Kejaksaan Negeri Luwu Utara dan Pengadilan Negeri Masamba. Metode yanggunakan adalah studi kepustakaan, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) pelaksanaan Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Masamba Nomor 1/Pid.sus-Anak/2022/PN.MSB dilakukan dengan tahapan (a) penyidikan oleh penyidik Anak dari unit PPA, (b) tuntutan yang dilakukan oleh Jaksa Penuntut Anak dan (c) pemeriksaan perkara oleh Hakim Anak di pengadilan dan menghasilkan putusan. Namun, pelaksaann putusan tersebut belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. (2) Faktor penghambat penerapan Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak di Kabupaten Luwu Utara adalah: (a) aturan hukum yang masih memungkinkan aparat penegak hukum yang tidak bersetifikasi SPPA untuk menangani perkara Anak, (b) penegak hukum: yang terdiri dari Penyidik Anak, Jaksa Penuntut Anak, dan Hakim Anak masih kurang dan masih ada yang belum mengikuti pendidikan teknis SPPA, (c) sarana/fasilitas yang ada belum memadai, (d) masyarakat yang anak atau keluarganya menjadi pelaku tindak pidana sering kali menyembunyikan anak atau keluarganya tersebut, sering pula ada yang menghalang-halangi Penyidik dalam melakukan penyidikan perkara anak. This research aims to analyze the Decision of the Masamba District Court Number 1/Pid.sus-Anak/2022/PN.MSB based on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System and the factors that hinder the implementation of the Juvenile Criminal Justice System in North Luwu Regency. This research is a normative-empirical research with a qualitative approach that was conducted at the North Luwu Police, the North Luwu District Attorney and the Masamba District Court. The methods used were literature study, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study showed that (1) the implementation of the Decision of the Masamba District Court Number 1/Pid.sus-Anak/2022/PN.MSB was conducted with the stages of (a) investigation by the Child investigator from the PPA unit, (b) charges made by the Child Prosecutor and (c) examination of the case by the Juvenile Judge in court and produce a decision. However, the implementation of the decision is not fully in accordance with the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. (2) The inhibiting factors for the implementation of the Juvenile Criminal Justice System in North Luwu Regency are: (a) the rule of law which still allows law enforcement officers who are not SPPA certified to handle cases of children, (b) law enforcers: consisting of Child Investigators, Prosecutors Children, and Child Judges are still lacking and there are still those who have not attended SPPA technical education, (c) the existing facilities are inadequate, (d) communities where children or their families become perpetrators of criminal acts often hide these children or their families, often there are obstacles to investigators in carrying out investigations into child cases.
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Hammond, Laura, and Maria Ioannou. "Age effects on juvenile homicide perpetration." Journal of Criminal Psychology 5, no. 3 (August 3, 2015): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-06-2015-0017.
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Purpose – In order to address a notable gap in the research literature, the purpose of this paper is to examine age-related differences in juvenile homicide perpetration. Design/methodology/approach – Data on 150 juvenile homicide offenders and their offences was derived from material available within the public domain, including media reports, case studies, court reports and previously published studies. Comparisons were then made between those aged 14 and under (n=63) and those aged 14-17 (n=87) across a range of offender, victim and offence-related variables. Findings – There were no significant differences between the child (U-14) and adolescent (14-17) offender samples on any of the measured variables. The two groups had similar backgrounds, selected similar types of victims, had comparable breakdowns of different types of victim-offender relationship and had similar patterns of weapon use. Research limitations/implications – The fact that the two groups did not differ significantly has notable implications in practical and applied domains. By identifying risk factors for juvenile homicide perpetration, findings open up a range of possibilities for identification, investigation and intervention. In addition, findings might inform the development of offender treatment and rehabilitation programmes. Key limitations relate to the quality and quantity of data employed. Ways of remedying these weaknesses in future research are addressed. Originality/value – This is the first study to directly compare child and adolescent perpetrators of homicide over a broad range of offender, victim and offence attributes.
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Bardi, Edoardo, Emanuele Lubian, Stefano Romussi, Nikhil Whitaker, and Alessia Giordano. "Hematological values of captive Indotestudo travancorica (Boulenger, 1907) and Batagur kachuga (Gray, 1931): a short communication." Veterinarski arhiv 93, no. 5 (October 25, 2023): 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.24099/vet.arhiv.1806.
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The Indian subcontinent is home to many species of herpetological and conservation interest. The aim of this study was to provide a first assessment of hematological values in Travancore tortoises (Indotestudo travancorica) and redcrowned roofed turtles (Batagur kachuga), two endangered species on which medical literature is still lacking. In late spring, 19 blood specimens of healthy I. travancorica and 17 of B. kachuga were sampled. Both populations were housed at the Madras Crocodile Bank Trust – Centre for Herpetology (Tamil Nadu, India). From each animal, a blood sample was obtained from the dorsal coccygeal vein and stored in a lithium-heparin test tube. For both species, manual red and white blood cell counts (RBC and WBC) were performed using a Natt & Herrick stain in a Neubauer chamber. Only for I. travancorica, hematocrit values were assessed by centrifugation of capillary tubes, and used to calculate mean corpuscular volume; this investigation was not performed on B. kachuga due to equipment malfunction. Due to the small sample size, only descriptive statistics were applied, and the obtained values were compared with the known references of other chelonians. Only for B. kachuga, the composition of the sampled population made it possible to run cross sectional comparisons between adult and juvenile individuals, as well as between males and females. No difference was found between males and females, but a significant difference (P<0,05) was found for WBC counts between juvenile and adult animals.
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Rossi-Semerano, L., V. Ravagnani, P. Collado, J. Vojinovic, J. Roth, S. Magni-Manzoni, E. Naredo, M. A. D’agostino, and S. Jousse-Joulin. "AB1447 VALIDITY OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN DETECTING ENTHESITIS IN CHILDREN: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 1952.1–1952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.3653.
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BackgroundSeveral studies have suggested a potential role for ultrasonography (US) in detecting enthesitis in children, thus enhancing the accuracy of the classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and improving the therapeutic approach. Because of no consensual definition of ultrasonographic enthesitis in children, the pediatric sub-taskforce of the OMERACT working group posed the research question of whether there are sufficient data to support the role of US in the diagnosis and follow-up of enthesitis in JIA, particularly enthesitis related arthritis (ERA).ObjectivesWe performed a systematic literature review (SLR) to assess the value of US for detecting enthesitis in JIA. The main objectives were to determine: i.which elementary lesions have been evaluated by US in JIA patients; ii.which definitions and scoring systems were used; and iii.the measurement properties of US in evaluating enthesitis in JIA according to the OMERACT Filter 2.1 Instrument Selection Algorithm (OFISA).MethodsPubMed and Embase databases were searched for articles published from January 1966 to May 2022; we selected those meeting the inclusion criteria according to the US definition of enthesitis and metric properties studied. We assessed the clinical features of the population, study design, the type and number of entheses examined, the definition and scoring system of US enthesitis and metric properties according to the OMERACT filter (truth, discrimination, feasibility). The quality of the studies was evaluated with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2.ResultsFive publications met the inclusion criteria (26 to 146 patients and 1 to 10 bilaterally examined entheses)[1-5]. All studies focused on lower-limb entheses. The elementary lesions included in the definition of adult enthesitis were generally assessed. Few studies reported US reliability, and none evaluated sensitivity to change of US. US revealed entheseal abnormalities in 9.4% to 53% of JIA patients and 20% to 83% of enthesitis-related arthritis cases. No significant abnormalities were found in healthy children. US findings were poorly correlated with clinical examination. The overall quality of the studies was low, mainly because of the lack of a reference standard.ConclusionUS could be a sensitive tool to detect entheseal abnormalities in JIA. Nevertheless, the current evidence highlights that a standardized US definition of enthesitis in children is lacking and US criteria and discriminant validity have not been established.References[1] ousse-Joulin S, Breton S, Cangemi C et al. Ultrasonography for detecting enthesitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011 Jun;63(6):849-55.[2] Shenoy S, Aggarwal A. Sonologic enthesitis in children with enthesitis-related arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016 Jan-Feb;34(1):143-7.[3] Guo R, Cao L, Kong X, Liu X et al. Fever as an initial manifestation of enthesitis-related arthritis subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: retrospective study. PLoS One. 2015 Jun 1;10(6):e0128979.[4] Laurell L, Court-Payen M, Nielsen S et al Ultrasonography and color Doppler of proximal gluteal enthesitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a descriptive study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2011 Aug 11;9(1):22.[5] Weiss PF, Chauvin NA, Klink AJ et al. Detection of enthesitis in children with enthesitis-related arthritis: dolorimetry compared to ultrasonography. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014 Jan;66(1):218-27.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Patty, Mercy Pratiwi, Deassy Jacomi Anthoneta Hehanussa, and Hadibah Zachra Wadjo. "Urgensi Laporan Penelitian Kemasyarakatan Dalam Penjatuhan Pidana Bagi Anak Pelaku Tindak Pidana." PATTIMURA Legal Journal 1, no. 2 (August 18, 2022): 101–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/pela.v1i2.6392.
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Introduction: Reality shows that crimes are not only committed by adults, but also by children. Children who commit crimes must be held accountable for their actions that violate the law.
Purposes of the Research: In order to analyze the juvenile offender, the law enforcement and sentencing process applied to the child is carried out specifically by prioritizing the best interests of the child.
Methods of the Research: Type of research: Juridical Empirical, Data Sources include primary data and secondary data. Techniques for reviewing and collecting primary and secondary data are using literature studies and interview results. Data analysis used in legal research is qualitative analysis.
Results Originality Findings of the Research: Based on the results of the study, it was found that the urgency of a community research report in imposing sanctions on children who commit criminal acts is an important matter. Community research reports that are made basically have an influence on the judge's decision in juvenile court. With the availability of community research reports, it can be used as consideration for judges in making their decisions as regulated in Article 60 Paragraph (3) of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. Furthermore, if the judge does not consider the community research report from the Community Counselor, the legal consequences arising from the decision on the child who commits the crime are null and void, as referred to in Article 60 Paragraph (4) of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System.
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Syahr, Zulfia Hanum Alfi, Tumbur Palti D. Hutapea, Umma Farida, Dian Hafit Syaifullah, and Buyamin. "The Role of Indigenous Peoples, Social Workers, and the Syar’iyah Court in Diversion of Children Perpetrators of Jinayah." Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 17, no. 1 (June 15, 2023): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v17i1.7349.
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The juvenile justice system as a legal efforcement to guarantee the rights of children who conflict with the law. The mechanism for the criminal justice system against children is carried out through diversion involving judicial officials. However, problems arise in enforcing the criminal justice system for children engaged in Jinayah cases. It is because the Jinayah case must obey the qanun implemented in Aceh. The punishment given to the perpetrators of Jinayah can be in the form of flogging or imprisonment. For a child, that punishment can be traumatic for the child’s mental health. Therefore, this research will examine various efforts to minimize the impact of this punishment on the psychological development of children who become perpetrators of Jinayah. The problem of this study is how a child can maintain his psychological health after becoming a perpetrator of Jinayah. This research is essential to protect children’s psychological development as perpetrators of Jinayah. The purpose of this study is to find various efforts to maintain the mental development of children as perpetrators of Jinayah. Thus, the research method used to answer these problems is qualitative with a normative approach and literature study. The normative research will analyze various legal regulations regarding criminal and Jinayah acts. Then, it will support a literature study to gain a comprehensive and depth understanding of the topic of study. The results are that children as perpetrators of Jinayah have a risk of psychological trauma, and juvenile criminal law needs to be strengthened. Strengthening this law can be in the form of harmonizing the diversion of children with the Jinayah law. The cooperation of various parties, namely, law enforcement officials, social workers, and indigenous peoples, can minimize the risk of child psychological trauma.
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Ingratubun, Yerusalina, Elsa Rina Maya Toule, and Hadibah Zachra Wadjo. "Diversi Dalam Penanganan Anak Yang Berkonflik Dengan Hukum Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak." PATTIMURA Legal Journal 2, no. 3 (December 7, 2023): 223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/pela.v2i3.10676.
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Introduction: Children in conflict with the law in the juvenile criminal justice system, the form of settlement is with a restorative justice approach through diversion which is an initial step in the settlement process before proceeding to the next legal process.
Purposes of the Research: This study aims to analyze and examine the implementation of diversion in handling children in conflict with the law.
Methods of the Research: The type of research used in this research is empirical. Sources of data include primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques through interviews and literature study and data analysis using qualitative analysis.
Results of the Research: The results showed that the implementation of diversion in handling criminal acts committed by children was in accordance with what was mandated by the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Act at the stages of investigation, prosecution and trial. If the settlement of a criminal case committed by a child through diversion is successful in peace between the parties, the report will be revoked because there has been a mutual agreement in the peace made. The settlement process with this diversion did not all run smoothly and succeeded in reaching a peace agreement between the parties. If the diversion process does not result in an amicable agreement or the diversion agreement is not implemented, then the juvenile criminal justice process will proceed to the Court. In the settlement of criminal cases committed by children, there are still obstacles faced by law enforcement officers and litigants and there are still factors that hinder the implementation of diversion.
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Kjellén, Nils. "Importance of a bird migration hot spot: proportion of the Swedish population of various raptors observed on autumn migration at Falsterbo 1986–1995 and population changes reflected by the migration figures." Ornis Svecica 7, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v7.22975.
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The importance of Falsterbo, Sweden, as a concentration site for migrating raptors was assessed by recording total numbers of various species during ten autumns 1986–1995. Population estimates and number of fledged young per pair were taken from the literature to estimate the Swedish autumn population. These estimates were compared with the average numbers of migrants at Falsterbo to see how large proportion was recorded there and if there was any difference between adults and juveniles. The proportion observed at Falsterbo varied from below 1% in Goshawk Accipiter gentilis to 38% in Red Kite Milvus milvus. Species with more southerly distribution (breeding closer to Falsterbo), like Red Kite and Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus were recorded to a higher degree compared to northerly species like Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus and Rough-legged Buzzard Buteo lagopus. Thermal migrants like Honey Buzzard Peris apivorus, Red Kite and Common Buzzard Buteo buteo were more concentrated at Falsterbo compared to active flyers like harriers and falcons, which are less inclined to follow leading lines. In most species a higher proportion of juveniles was recorded. This may be due to adults generally wintering further north or being less inclined to follow leading lines. Three species (Honey Buzzard, Rough-legged Buzzard and Peregrine Falco peregrinus) showed a higher percentage of adults. In these species I suggest the adults use their previous experience to follow established safe and efficient routes to their known winter quarters. Systematic autumn counts of migrating birds at Falsterbo have been conducted since 1973. The correlation of annual numbers with these standardised counts is significant in all species, although the average figures are between 38 and 214 percent higher in this study due to a better coverage. Most species are at the moment stable or increasing. Recent population increases in Red Kite, Marsh Harrier and Peregrine are very well reflected by the counts. Standardised migration counts at Falsterbo are presently the best way to follow long-time changes in the Swedish raptor populations.
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Rojas, Erika Y., and Mark E. Olver. "Validity and Reliability of the Violence Risk Scale–Youth Sexual Offense Version." Sexual Abuse 32, no. 7 (June 28, 2019): 826–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063219858064.
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The present study examined the validity and reliability of a youth sexual offense risk assessment and treatment planning tool, the Violence Risk Scale–Youth Sexual Offense Version (VRS-YSO), on a sample of 102 court-adjudicated youth referred to assessment and/or treatment outpatient services followed up an average of 11.7 years in the community. VRS-YSO scores demonstrated “good” to “excellent” interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] = .64-.83). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the static and dynamic items identified three latent dimensions consistent with the extant risk literature labeled Sexual Deviance, Antisocial Tendencies, and Family Concerns. VRS-YSO scores showed strong patterns of convergence with scores from the Estimate of Risk for Adolescent Sexual Offense Recidivism (ERASOR), Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol–II (J-SOAP-II), and the Juvenile Sexual Offense Recidivism Risk Assessment Tool–II (J-SORRAT-II). VRS-YSO scores, in turn, demonstrated moderate to high predictive accuracy for sexual, violent (sexual and nonsexual), and general recidivism (significant areas under curve [AUCs] = .67-.88). Examination of pre–posttreatment change data on the subset of youth who attended treatment services found VRS-YSO change scores to be significantly associated with reductions in general recidivism, but not other recidivism outcomes. Future research and clinical applications of the VRS-YSO in youth sexual offense assessment and treatment planning are discussed.
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Hresa, N. V., I. V. Zhdanova, and O. G. Marchenko. "Specificity of personal characteristics of juvenile offenders with different levels of guilt awareness." Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 102, no. 3 (Part 1) (September 29, 2023): 244–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2023.3.22.
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The results of the study on the generalisation of psychological characteristics of juvenile offenders with different levels of guilt awareness during their adaptation to the conditions of the educational colony are presented. Based on the theoretical analysis of the philosophical, psychological, scientific and legal literature and the study of legislative acts, the authors characterise guilt as a psychological formation which includes cognitive (assessment of criminal law consequences of a criminal act), behavioural (desire to confess to a crime, to condemn one's actions in front of other convicts, assessment of the likelihood of committing a crime in the future) and emotional (assessment of the attitude towards the crime, its consequences, the victim and the court verdict) components.
The personal characteristics of juvenile offenders with different levels of guilt awareness have been determined on the basis of generalisation of empirical studies of emotional and social intelligence, prognostic competence and locus of control as psychological factors of guilt awareness. The empirical part of the study is based on the use of the authors' own and modified methods.
Based on the analysis of the components of guilt awareness, the studied adolescents have been divided into three groups: 1) with a high level of guilt awareness (characterised by almost complete guilt awareness); 2) with an average level of guilt awareness (manifested in partial guilt awareness); 3) with a low level of guilt awareness (characterised by the absence or weak guilt awareness).
The expediency of using factor analysis to generalise the personal characteristics of juvenile offenders with different levels of guilt awareness has been substantiated. Using this procedure, the latent factors that are significant in the process of assessing the level of guilt consciousness of adolescents have been identified using the principal components method with Varimax raw rotation. Based on the results of the study, the recommendations for the organisation of differentiated psychological and correctional work with each group of juvenile offenders have been formulated. The essence of educational, psychological, correctional and preventive work is the development of personality traits that determine a high level of awareness of guilt for a crime, and all components of the phenomenon under study (cognitive, behavioural, emotional) require attention.
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Mallon, Gerald P., and Jazmine Perez. "The experiences of transgender and gender expansive youth in Juvenile justice systems." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 6, no. 3 (April 6, 2020): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-01-2020-0017.
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Purpose Recent research finds that youth who identify as transgender or gender-expansive are disproportionately incarcerated in juvenile justice systems and are treated differently from their non-trans peers (Himmelstein and Brückner, 2011; Hunt and Moodie-Mills, 2012; Irvine, 2010; Mitchum and Moodie-Mills, 2014). Juvenile justice systems have paid little attention to this group of young people in terms of their unique service needs and risk factors. Using qualitative methods, the researchers analyze in-depth interviews and focus group findings from formerly incarcerated trans youth in juvenile justice settings to better understand their experiences. This paper aims to examine the challenges for young people, and, as well as considered recommendations for juvenile justice professionals to study toward making changes in policies, practices and programs that are needed to support young people who are transgender or gender expansive. Design/methodology/approach Using qualitative, case examples and descriptive analysis, this paper describes the experiences of trans youth in juvenile justice settings and studies toward developing models of promoting trans-affirming approaches to enhance juvenile justice institutions for trans and gender-expansive youth placed in them. The paper describes the evolution of an approach used by the authors, in New York state juvenile justice settings to increase a trans-affirming perspective as a central role in the organization’s strategy and design, and the methods it is using to institutionalize this critical change. Findings culled from the focus groups and in-depth interviews with 15 former residents of juvenile justice settings and several (3) key staff members from the juvenile justice system, focusing on policies, practices and training models are useful tools for assessing progress and recommending actions to increase the affirming nature of such systems. At its conclusion, this chapter will provide clear outcomes and implications for the development of policies, practices and programs with trans and gender expansive youth in juvenile justice systems. Findings Finding are conceptualized in six thematic categories, namely, privacy, access to health and mental health care, the difference between sexual orientation and gender identity, name and pronoun use, clothing, appearance and mannerism, and housing issues. Research limitations/implications This study is limited as it focuses on formerly incarcerated youth in the New York City area. Practical implications The following implications for practice stemming from this study are as follows: juvenile justice professionals (including judges, defense attorneys, prosecutors, probation officers and detention staff) must treat – and ensure others treat – all trans and gender-expansive youth with fairness, dignity and respect, including prohibiting any attempts to ridicule or change a youth’s gender identity or expression. Having written nondiscrimination and anti-harassment policy is also essential. These policies can address issues such as prohibiting harassment of youth or staff who are trans or gender expansive, requiring the use of respectful and inclusive language and determining how gender rules (e.g. usage of “male or “female” bathrooms, gender-based room assignments) will be addressed for transgender and gender-nonconforming youth. Programs should also provide clients and staff with training and helpful written materials. Juvenile justice professionals must promote the well-being of transgender youth by allowing them to express their gender identity through choice of clothing, name, hair-style and other means of expression and by ensuring that they have access to appropriate medical care if necessary. Juvenile justice professionals must receive training and resources regarding the unique societal, familial and developmental challenges confronting trans youth and the relevance of these issues to court proceedings. Training must be designed to address the specific professional responsibilities of the audience (i.e. judges, defense attorneys, prosecutors, probation officers and detention staff). Juvenile justice professionals must develop individualized, developmentally appropriate responses to the behavior of each trans youth, tailored to address the specific circumstances of his or her or their life. Social implications Providing trans-affirming services to youth in juvenile justice settings is a matter of equity and should be the goal strived for by all systems that care for these young people. Helping trans and gender-expansive youth reenter and reintegrate into society should be a primary goal. There are many organizations and systems that stand ready to assist juvenile justice systems and facilities in supporting trans and gender expansive youth in their custody and helping them to rehabilitate, heal and reenter a society that welcomes their participation and where they can thrive and not just survive. Originality/value The paper is original in that it examines the lived experiences of trans and gender-expansive youth in juvenile justice systems. An area, which has not been fully explored in the professional literature.
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Rahmawati, Clarysa Dwi, Wasis Suprayitno, and Kukuh Dwi Kurniawan. "Tinjauan Yuridis Sosiologis Perlindungan Identitas Anak Korban Kejahatan Seksual." Indonesia Law Reform Journal 2, no. 2 (November 24, 2022): 254–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/ilrej.v2i2.22076.
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Legal protection for children who are victims of sexual crimes is a manifestation of the obligations given by the State specifically. One of these protections is the protection of the confidentiality of the identity of children who are victims of sexual crimes. This embodiment aims to prevent children from negative treatment from any party that can adversely affect their growth and development of children. It has been explained in the provisions of law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Articlen19 paragraph (1). However, there are still many identities of children in conflict with the law that are not kept secret in case decisions are published on the Supreme Court Decision Directory Site. Therefore, the researchers raised two problem formulations. First, how to protect the identity of child victims of sexual crimes according to the laws and regulations. Second, how to protect the identity of child victims of sexual crimes according to the Malang District Court Class IA. The research method used a sociological juridical approach to collect literature study materials and interviews. Conclusions and suggestions from writing this final project, namely Article 19 of Law Numbern11 ofn2012 concerning the Criminal Justice System regarding the identity of children who are victims of sexual crimes whose identities are published if there are parties who violate the law that has set them up. Strict sanctions.
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Tasmo, Tasmo, and Rakhmat Bowo Suharto. "The Legal Consequence Of The Judge Decision In The Case Of Children Criminal Justice Which Do Not Based On Society Research From Society Supervisor (Studies on Settlement Case of Children Crime In State Court of Cirebon)." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 2, no. 4 (April 5, 2020): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v2i4.8362.
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This study to answer the question: 1) The legal consequences of the Juvenile Judge decision who do not based �the Society Research (Litmas) of Society Supervisor (PK) in the State Court of Cirebon, 2) The value of justice verdict child in considering Society Research (Litmas) of Society Supervisor (PK) in the State Court of Cirebon.The approach used in this study is a sociological juridical approach. The kind of this research is descriptive analysis. Data were collected by interview and literature method. The method used by researchers is sociological approach juridical law and specification in this study were included descriptive analysis. As for sources and types of data in this study are primary data obtained from interviews with field studies State Court of Cirebon, and secondary data obtained from the study of literature.The final conclusion is: 1) The legal consequences of the judge's decision not to consider children who Litmas Results PK Bapas under Article 60 of Child Law Criminal Justice System, child verdict is declared null and void, and the cancellation do not require cancellation; 2) Society Research (Litmas) Society Supervisors (PK) Correctional Center did not bring a positive impact to deliver a fair verdict and best for the child, when the judge makes it just as a mere formality and not as consideration verdict. Put forward suggestions: 1) It should be implemented in law changes SPPA clearly so Litmas PK Bapas not only as a formal requirement child judges in decisions; 2)Institutions should set up an oversight judge to judge that the judge's ruling the child can be declared as null and void the decision, and the judge supervision should stipulate that convicted child can not be executed by the Public Prosecutor.Keywords: Law Effects; Judge Decision; Child Crime; Society Research; Society Supervisor.
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Yu. E., Pudovochkin. "Compulsory Educational Measures." Rossijskoe pravosudie, no. 10 (September 27, 2021): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2072-909x.2021.10.71-85.
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Problem Statement. Improvement of juvenile justice presupposes active and priority application of alternative measures to criminal punishment. Such, according to the Criminal Code of Russia, are compulsory educational measures, which are imposed in the order of exemption from criminal liability or from criminal punishment. Their proper application implies a clear definition of the content of educational measures, clarification of the order of their appointment and execution. Nevertheless, these matters are not fully regulated in the law, which poses a inconsistent practice of their application and ultimately reduces the effectiveness of juvenile justice. In this regard, the task of concretizing the content of compulsory educational measures is seen as urgent. Goals and Objectives of the Study. Specification of the normative prescriptions that define the content of compulsory educational measures and the determination on this basis of the main directions for improving the application practice of the provisions of Art. 90 and Art. 92 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Methods. Formal-logical analysis of the legal acts that determine the content, application procedure and execution of educational measures; study and critical assessment of literature on the research topic; statistical analysis of judicial practice; documentary analysis of court files in criminal cases. Results, Summary Conclusions. The list of compulsory educational measures established by the law is adequate to the tasks of correcting juvenile offenders and preventing crimes on their part. However, improving the quality of justice in criminal cases involves: disclosure of the content of such a measure of influence as a warning in the text of a judicial act; unification of ideas about the state body, under the supervision of which minors can be transferred and the recognition as such of the territorial commission on minors; the definition of such a measure as the imposition of the obligation to make amends for the harm caused analogously to other situations of exemption from liability and the use of this measure as a backup; normative establishment of the terms for the application of such measures of influence as warning and imposition of the obligation to make amends for the harm caused; further study of regional differences in the enforcement of compulsory educational measures.
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Knutson, Melinda G., Randy K. Hines, Larkin A. Powell, Mary A. Friberg, and Gerald J. Niemi. "An Assessment of Bird Habitat Quality Using Population Growth Rates." Condor 108, no. 2 (May 1, 2006): 301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/108.2.301.
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Abstract Survival and reproduction directly affect population growth rate (λ), making λ a fundamental parameter for assessing habitat quality. We used field data, literature review, and a computer simulation to predict annual productivity and λ for several species of landbirds breeding in floodplain and upland forests in the Midwestern United States. We monitored 1735 nests of 27 species; 760 nests were in the uplands and 975 were in the floodplain. Each type of forest habitat (upland and floodplain) was a source habitat for some species. Despite a relatively low proportion of regional forest cover, the majority of species had stable or increasing populations in all or some habitats, including six species of conservation concern. In our search for a simple analog for λ, we found that only adult apparent survival, juvenile survival, and annual productivity were correlated with λ; daily nest survival and relative abundance estimated from point counts were not. Survival and annual productivity are among the most costly demographic parameters to measure and there does not seem to be a low-cost alternative. In addition, our literature search revealed that the demographic parameters needed to model annual productivity and λ were unavailable for several species. More collective effort across North America is needed to fill the gaps in our knowledge of demographic parameters necessary to model both annual productivity and λ. Managers can use habitat-specific predictions of annual productivity to compare habitat quality among species and habitats for purposes of evaluating management plans.
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Buker, Hasan, and Ayhan Erbay. "Is This Kid a Likely Experimenter or a Likely Persister? An Analysis of Individual-Level and Family-Level Risk Factors Predicting Multiple Offending Among a Group of Adjudicated Youth." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 13 (February 7, 2018): 4024–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x18755917.
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To implement effective diversion programs and determine for a well-suited intervention strategy, ascertaining who, among the adjudicated youth, is more likely to involve in multiple offending, rather than desisting after an initial delinquent behavior, is of great significance. The overall objective of this study, therefore, is to contribute to the existing knowledge on assessing the risks for multiple offending during juvenile adjudication processes. In this regard, this study examined the predicting powers of several individual-level and family-level risk factors on multiple offending during adolescence, based on a data set derived from court-ordered social examination reports (SERs) on 400 adjudicated youth in Turkey. Two binomial regression models were implemented to test the predictor values of various risk factors from these two domains. Results indicated the following as significant predictors of multiple offending among the subjects: younger age of onset in delinquency, dropping out of school, having delinquent/drug abusing (risky) friends, being not able to share problems with the family, increased number of siblings, and having a domestically migrated family. Conclusively, these findings were compared with the existing literature, and the policy implications and recommendations for future research were discussed.
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Alhakim, Abdurrakhman, Emiliya Febriyani, Ampuan Situmeang, and David Tan. "Unveiling the Controversy: Legal Analysis of Juvenile Narcotics Use for Medical Purposes." Jurnal Jurisprudence 13, no. 2 (December 18, 2023): 225–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jurisprudence.v13i2.3143.
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ABSTRACT Purpose of the study: This research aimed to fill gap by detailing the arguments around legal responsibility of juvenile narcotics use that are not intended for recreational purposes, but rather for medical purposes. This seeks to contribute to the growing literature on restorative justice in Indonesia, particularly for the development of the juvenile justice system. Methodology: This study examined the phenomenon of narcotics uses in the self-medication context, particularly among youth, utilizing the normative legal research method and bolstered by a case study (Judicial Decision). It also utilized the statutory approach, which involved an in-depth analysis of applicable legal provisions regarding juvenile crimes and narcotics. Results: While conceptual analysis found that there are many connections between the emerging trend of self-diagnosis and self-medication with narcotics use among children, yet the normative support to deal with this phenomenon through restorative justice remains poor. The impact of the lack of normative support is shown in the judicial decision, in which restorative justice through the application of diversion was applied incautiously, blurring children’s well-being; disturbed by medical issue at first and later worsened by marijuana addiction. Applications of this study: The study can be an instrumental reference in guiding legal reforms, shaping healthcare policies for juvenile narcotic use, and providing information on educational and awareness programs that distinguish between medical and non-medical use of narcotics by minors. Novelty/Originality of this study: The originality of this study lies in its specific accent on the intersection of juvenile law, narcotics use, and medical treatment, which is a relatively underexplored area in legal research in Indonesia. It is also found in its analysis of a decision of a juvenile court regarding the use and possession of narcotics. Keywords: Legal Responsibility, Medical Purposes, Narcotics Crime, Restorative Justice, Case Study ABSTRAK Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisi kesenjangan dengan menjelaskan argumen seputar tanggung jawab hukum penggunaan narkotika oleh anak di bawah umur yang tidak dimaksudkan untuk tujuan rekreasi, melainkan untuk tujuan medis. Penelitian ini juga dilakukan untuk berkontribusi terhadap berkembangnya literatur mengenai keadilan restoratif di Indonesia, khususnya untuk pengembangan sistem peradilan anak. Metodologi: Studi ini mengkaji fenomena penggunaan narkotika dalam konteks swamedikasi, terutama di kalangan anak-anak, dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif yang didukung oleh studi kasus (Putusan Pengadilan). Studi ini juga menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang, yang melibatkan analisis mendalam terhadap ketentuan hukum yang ada mengenai tindak pidana remaja dan narkotika. Temuan: Analisis konseptual menunjukkan bahwa meskipun terdapat banyak keterkaitan antara tren berkembangnya swadiagnosis dan swamedikasi dengan penggunaan narkotika di kalangan anak-anak, dukungan normatif untuk mengatasi fenomena ini melalui keadilan restoratif masih kurang. Dampak dari kurangnya dukungan normatif ini terlihat dalam putusan pengadilan di mana keadilan restoratif melalui penerapan diversi diterapkan dengan tergesa-gesa, tanpa fokus pada kesejahteraan anak, yang awalnya terganggu oleh masalah medisnya dan kemudian memburuk akibat kecanduan ganja. Kegunaan: Studi ini dapat menjadi referensi penting dalam reformasi hukum, membentuk kebijakan kesehatan yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan narkotika pada anak, dan menginformasikan program pendidikan dan kesadaran yang membedakan antara penggunaan narkotika untuk tujuan medis dan non-medis oleh anak di bawah umur. Kebaruan/Orisinalitas: Orisinalitas penelitian ini terletak pada fokus spesifiknya pada titik temu antara hukum peradilan anak, penggunaan narkotika, dan perawatan medis, yang merupakan area yang kurang dieksplorasi dalam penelitian IndonesiaIndonesia. Orisinalitas juga terletak pada analisisnya terhadap putusan pengadilan anak mengenai penggunaan dan kepemilikan narkotika. Kata Kunci: Tanggung Jawab Hukum, Tujuan Medis, Kejahatan Narkotika, Keadilan Restoratif, Studi Kasus
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Guzman, Jaime, Oralia Gómez-Ramírez, Roman Jurencak, Natalie J. Shiff, Roberta A. Berard, Ciaran M. Duffy, Kiem Oen, et al. "What Matters Most for Patients, Parents, and Clinicians in the Course of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis? A Qualitative Study." Journal of Rheumatology 41, no. 11 (September 15, 2014): 2260–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.131536.
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Objective.To assess which clinical features are most important for patients, parents, and clinicians in the course of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Methods.Forty-nine people participated in 6 audience-specific focus group discussions and 112 reciprocal interviews in 3 Canadian cities. Participants included youth with JIA, experienced English- and French-speaking parents, novice parents (< 6 mos since diagnosis), pediatric rheumatologists, and allied health professionals. Participants discussed the importance of 34 JIA clinical features extracted from medical literature. Transcripts and interview reports underwent qualitative analysis to establish relative priorities for each group.Results.Most study participants considered medication requirements, medication side effects, pain, participant-defined quality of life, and active joints as high priority clinical features of JIA. Active joint count was the only American College of Rheumatology core variable accorded high or medium priority by all groups. Rheumatologists and allied health professionals considered physician global assessment as high priority, but it had very low priority for patients and parents. The parent global assessment was considered high priority by clinicians, medium to high by parents, and low by patients. Child Health Assessment Questionnaire scores were considered low priority by patients and parents, and moderate or high by clinicians. The number of joints with limited motion was given low to very low priority by all groups. Parents gave high priority to arthritis flares.Conclusion.If our findings are confirmed, medication requirements, medication side effects, pain, participant-defined quality of life, and active joint counts should figure prominently in describing the course of JIA.
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Waruwu, Charista Eforina, and Itok Dwi Kurniawan. "PUTUSAN HAKIM DALAM MENJATUHKAN SANKSI PIDANA PENJARA KEPADA ANAK PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PENGANIAYAAN (Putusan Nomor: 3/Pid.Sus-Anak/2020/PN-Enr)." Verstek 11, no. 3 (August 26, 2023): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jv.v11i3.60237.
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<p>This article aims to determine the suitability of the judge's decision in imposing prison sentences on children who are perpetrators of abuse based on the provisions of Article 354 Paragraph (2) of the Criminal Code and the Law on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. The type of research used is normative legal research which is prescriptive and applied. This legal research approach is a case approach. The legal materials used consist of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The technique of collecting legal materials used is literature study. The technique of analyzing legal materials used in writing this law is the syllogism method using deductive thinking patterns. The results of this study indicate that the judge's decision in the Enrekang District Court Decision Number 3/Pid.sus-Anak/2020/PN-Enr has given a decision that is not in accordance with the provisions contained in Article 79 Paragraph (2) of the Child Criminal Protection System Act. because the Judge did not give consideration that refers to Article 354 of the Criminal Code.</p><p><em>K</em><em>eywords: <a href="/verstek/article/view/60237">Judge's Decision, Persecution, Child Defendant</a></em></p>
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Alicja Sokołowska. "Educational prognosis in the case of children from homes broken by divorce." Archives of Criminology, no. XIV (October 17, 1987): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak1987c.
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The family, the child's first environment in which his social traits are formed, is imposed upon him and all it is able and wants to offer him is given to him without his consent, choice, and frequently awareness. The parents or persons who replace them decide for the child and organize his existence in his interest in the early stages of his life, and hand down to him the norm sand values according to their own consciousness and beliefs. All of their activities, aimed at the child and at other persons or things as well as their way of perception of and reaction to outer factors, constitute the fabric from which the child derives patterns for his own behaviour. The parents and the closest environment shape the child’s attitude towards himself and other persons through purposeful action and through situations specially created or rendered accessible to the child. In the early childhood in particular, before the child goes to school, his parents play the leading part in his development. For this reason, their human quality is of importance. Despite the fact that there is a vast literature on the family the specialists and practicians in social sciences keep submitting new problems that want explanation. The prognosis of the child's future fate depends first of all on his family environment. The child's socialization, development and mental growth take a normal course if conditions have been provided for his needs to be satisfied. Particularly in the case of a child, the need of love, and attachment predominates among mental needs, with that of favourable contacts with other persons developing somewhat later. A child accepted by his family and cherished with affection –provided he is convinced of that - feels safe and believes that his guardians act for his benefit. The climate at home which is created first and foremost by the parents, is not only important for the child's development but frequently leaves permanent traces in the mind of an adult –often as patterns of behaviour. Children devoid of favourable conditions of socialization in their families often cause serious educational problems and are commonly defined as difficult. The origins of their maladjustment can first of ,all be found in a faulty socialization which makes them more open to bad influence and more apt to break the obligatory social and legal norms. In studies of juvenile delinquents, the symptoms of disturbances in their families are usually found. Divorce is always a result of certain anomalies within the family and brings about disadvantageous conditions for the child's socialization. The future way or life of the child is usually difficult to forecast, during proceedings before the court in particular. For this reason, in more difficult or even doubtful cases, the court appoints an expert who is usually a psychologist or an educator. Admittedly, the expert's observations and findings influence the court’s decision; yet after the decision has become valid and the further course of events does not call for reopening of the proceedings, hardly anybody cares whether the decision concerning the child was really in his interest and whether the situation imposed upon him corresponds with his wishes. At the Faculty of Psychology of the Warsaw University, examinations ordered by the court have for many years been performed in case of children and young persons, including divorce cases of parents, Examination took at least 2-3 visits which rendered possible a comprehensive appraisal of the environment and of the child entangled in his parents conflict. Examination ordered by the court went beyond the child's future situation, including his past and future as well. This made it possible to roughly estimate the influence of a new family situation on the further course of the child's mental development and process of socialization. A follow-up was planned beforehand to verify the conclusions of the examination and the court’s decision. It was interesting to learn about the child's further fate, to compare it with the earlier prognosis, and to examine the child's attitude towards his previous situation (during his parents divorce) and the influence it exerted on him. The above follow-up was conducted in 1984. A hundred persons from Warsaw who had grown of age after the divorce proceedings were included in the study. Therefore, while at the moment of the examination the youngest examined person was aged 2, and the eldest nearly 18, at the moment of follow-up, the previously examined as children were aged 18 to over 30. The time between these two examinations varied from 5 to over 17 years. Only the youngest subjects were just finishing secondary school or starting higher education or some kind of professional training at the time of the follow-up. The elder ones were students or those starting their professional career, while the eldest ones prepared to set up a family and an independent life. The follow-up provides data to verify the prognosis which may either be confirmed or prove incorrect, particularly if new circumstances emerged (or those unknown before) that vitally influenced the examined person's fate. The follow-up may be related to the prognosis in the following four ways: the prognosis was positive which is confirmed by the follow-up (P+F+); the prognosis was negative and negative data are also provided by the follow-up (P-F-); the prognosis was positive which is however not fonfirmed by the follow-up (P+F-); the prognosis was negative but the follow-up appears positive (P -F +). The findings of the follow-up were included in all of the above four group's as follows: P+F+ 82 cases P- F- 4 cases P+F - 6 cases P-F+ 8 cases There were no surprises in the extreme groups: the fates of the child were anticipated to take a favourable course provided the court takes the expert's conclusions into account (P+F+); or the prognosis was bad irrespectively of the court's possible decision (P- F-). On the other hand, in the groups where the follow-up failed to confirm the prognosis, either the diagnosis was wrong or new facts occurred after the examination which conclusively influenced the child's situation. The most numerous was the group of cases in which follow-up confirmed a favourable prognosis. In those cases, the family environment involved was different, as much as the parents mentality and personality traits, cultural standards, living conditions, the child's emotional ties with his parents and many other features. However, there were certain common features which favourably influenced the child's fate and they justified good prognosis. Divorcing parents accepted the court's decision truly in the child's interest pushing their own wishes and ambitions to the background. They remained loyal to each other and respected the child’s rights. They were able to create a climate which guaranteed the feeling of safety of the child and respect for his affection towards the parents. In these conditions, the effects of divorce were less painful for the child and the child could regain mental balance shaken by his parents conflict. In the cases where follow-up confirmed a negative prognosis, the parents considered divorce proceedings to be their business exclusively. The child was just a supplement to their lives which they did not take into consideration; they provided no support for the child who had to depend on himself only, trying to overcome difficulties for which he was not prepared. The fates of the children in the case of whom prognosis proved not consistent with follow-up are interesting. A change for the better meant that the expertise and the court's decision mobilized the parents, and the subsequent course of events confirmed the fact that parents are indispensable if they act in genuine good faith, manifesting kindness towards the child and mutual tolerance and trust. In the last group, the follow-up failed to confirm a favourable prognosis. This was due to facts that occurred some time after the first examination and were difficult to anticipate, which negatively influenced the child's fate (e.g. death of a good guardian). The follow-up made it possible to verify the relevance of methods applied in the examination as well as its general conception, according to which the child referred by the court for examination is an important but not the only element of his parents divorce. In such cases, the expert examines in a different way and context and from a different point of view the same problems in which the court is interested; however, he is able to examine more extensively and penetratingly the conditions that are inaccessible or difficult of access for the court, due to the lack of professional knowledge if not for other reasons. The follow-up confirmed the importance of the family in the child's education and socialization. A broken home creates conditions that can eventually lead to a minor's maladjustment: if there are no factors to stop it, a broken home may produce a delinquency originating situation for the child.