Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Courtship and Marriage'

Othello is the forgery of a comedic play turned tragedy, for the play begins where the ordinary comedy would end. While many critics prefer to discuss the racial and exotic aspects of William Shakespeare's tragedy, there are several critics who focus on the role of love and the marital relationships that are also important in terms of interpreting the actions of key characters. Carol Thomas Neely, Maurice Charney, and several other literary critics have focused primarily on the role of marriage and love in Othello. The topic of marriage is generally discussed in terms of the wooing scene (Act 1, scene 3) and the perverted consummation of the marriage rights (Act 5, scene 1), but there is little reflection on the courtly love rules and conventions from most critical approaches. Courtly lovers were a dying breed in Shakespeare's time, yet he employs the use of basic courtly love principles not only in Othello, but in many of his works, particularly comedies like the Merry Wives of Windsor and As You Like Lt. The use of such principles allows ridicule and scorn to take place in the plays, but in Othello, courtly love introduces the themes of cuckoldry and, most importantly, women's loss of power. Women's loss of power is another issue that critics often deconstruct, yet this concept is also linked to the principles of courtly love. Within the courtly love tradition men were often submissive to women—in Chretien de Troyes' Lancelot and Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Wife of Bath's Tale," men tended to bend to the will of women, often finding happiness and true love by doing so. The Moor General Othello is first presented as a submissive husband, but as the play progresses, the embarrassment of Desdemona's presumed infidelity begins to unravel his ideas of love. Instead of following the courtly conventions of dealing with adultery, Othello transforms into the Renaissance ideal Petrarchan lover, one who seeks spiritual love over physical love and views sexuality as sinful. The ideas and rules of courtly love contradicted the principles of the Renaissance Petrarchan lover. However, Shakespeare employed the tradition of courtly love to emphasize mockery and satire as overall themes of the play. For example, Othello and Desdemona are presented first and foremost as lovers that uphold the conventions of courtly love—they try to keep their relationship as secretive as possible and Othello appears subject to the will of his beloved. However, later in the play, instead of listening to the guidance and innocent speeches of his beloved, Othello returns to the love philosophies of antiquity. To the philosophers of classic love philosophy, love, and therefore passion, was considered sinful and untrustworthy, especially as a firm foundation for progress. Ultimately, it is Othello's devotion to his militaristic and social images that outweighs his love for Desdemona. Yet, instead of separating from his wife, the Moor feels that the only way to win control over the lord-vassal relationship is to murder her, or as he claims in Act 5, scene 1, to "sacrifice her." Othello depicts the ideas and rules of courtly love outlined and recorded by Andres Capellanus in The Art of Courtly Love. Whilst his contemporaries still dreamed of fair maidens with sparkling eyes, Shakespeare explored other methods and conventions from the Middle Ages and combined, as well as contrasted, them with the newer conventions of the Renaissance. His story is one of anti-courtly love—a story focusing on the death of chivalry, romantic courting, and Othello's inability to love. The play detests, destroys, and mocks the ideas of courtly wooing, marriage, and fidelity. A play of power, Othello reflects such characteristics through a verisimilitude of circumstances, specifically seen in the wooing of Desdemona, the marriage bed of Othello and Desdemona, and the loss of women's power in the play. Tainted with "honorable" murder, jealousy, and the fabliau tradition of cuckoldry, Othello has been preserved as Shakespeare's great tale of love gone awry.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 5, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English and Comparative Literature." Discipline: English and Comparative Literature; Department/School: English and Comparative Literature.

Situé dans les méthodologies de l’histoire transnationale, l’histoire culturelle, et l’histoire des émotions, cette œuvre examine et compare des modèles de fréquentation et de mariage entre la France et les Etats-Unis pendant les dix-neuvième et vingtième siècles. Les pratiques sociales de fréquentation et de mariage étant devenues des mécanismes aux travers desquels les frontières étaient franchies et de nouveaux espaces culturels étaient créés, ils représentent d’importants éléments d’enchevêtrements transnationaux. Ainsi, cette œuvre non seulement cherche à examiner comment des modèles visibles de mariage transnationaux émergent de ces espaces sociaux créées par ces rencontres interculturelles entre les deux sociétés, mais aussi à montrer comment les dynamiques de ces rencontres ont changé avec le temps. Bien que d’autres études sur le sujet ont pointé du doigt les évidentes raisons socio-économiques de ces mariages, je soutiens que de telles rationalisations sont simplement trop étroites et que de plus larges réflexions doivent inclure les motivations culturelles et émotionnelles, motivations qui ont toujours été en arrière-plan. En localisant et en identifiant les espaces transnationaux qui ont contribué à ces mariages, et en analysant les dimensions culturelles et émotionnelles de ces espaces, j’argumente que les acteurs de ces mariages étaient principalement guidés par un fort attachement émotionnel aux différences culturelles perçues, attachement qui va au-delà de l’unité sociale nationale. Au sein de ces contextes globaux changeant des dix-neuvième et vingtième siècles, ces mariages soulèvent donc d’importantes questions concernant la construction familiale, le rôle du mariage dans la construction d’une cohésion et d’une appartenance nationales, et la perméabilité des frontières nationales pendant les différentes étapes de la construction nationale
Situated in the methodologies of transnational history, cultural history, and the history of emotions, this work examines and compares courtship and marriage patterns that occurred between France and the United States during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Because the social practices of courtship and marriage became mechanisms through which borders were crossed and new cultural spaces were created, these relationships represent important elements of transnational entanglements. This work, therefore, not only seeks to examine the ways in which observable patterns of transnational marriage emerged out of social spaces of cross-cultural encounter between the two societies but also how the dynamics of those encounters changed over time. While existing scholarship on the subject has pointed to obvious socio economic motivations for these marriages, I contend that such rationalizations are simply too narrow and that greater analytical considerations need to include both cultural and emotional motivations that were always in the background. By locating and identifying transnational spaces that produced marriages, and analyzing the cultural and emotional dimensions of those spaces, I argue that marriage participants were largely driven by a strong emotional attachment to perceived cultural differences that stretched beyond the national polity. Within the shifting global contexts of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, these marriages, therefore, provoke important questions regarding family formation, the role of marriage in the making of national cohesion and belonging, and the permeability of national borders during different stages of the national project

This thesis reads three American Naturalist novels, Theodore Dreiser's Sister Carrie, Edith Wharton's The House of Mirth, and Kate Chopin's The Awakening, as challenges to both domestic ideology and to the market. Exploring the boundaries of an individual's interiority and exteriority, these novels suggest an alternate, more fulfilling existence, though never fully conceptualizing it. Naturalism presents characters who must make sense of their world almost wholly on a material level; the world presented in Naturalism is concerned with the what of a person, not the who. Capitalism splits the self by valuing the outward performance rather than the inward development. The female protagonists of these three novels attempt to gain happiness promised by consumerism through the only plot available to them, that of marriage. When this fails, they all three turn to artistic expression as a way to find the inner fulfillment their commercial society refuses. Carrie, Lily, and Edna value the art they pursue not because of its economic value, but because of the emotional liberation it allows them. In developing their art, each of these women gets the chance to examine the interior life that their societies deny. Looking at marriage and the market within these novels, this thesis examines the split between an individual's exterior and interior in fin-de-siècle American fiction.

Despite increased usage of online dating platforms, perceptions of meeting partners online remain generally stigmatized. When people internalize stigmatized online dating narratives as self-stigma, there are implications for psychological wellbeing and relational health. In the current study, through an open-ended online survey, I explored online dating narratives and perceptions of stigma in the experiences of 110 participants who met their partners online. I used thematic analysis (Braun and Clark, 2006) to identify and illustrate resulting themes, which revealed that (a) a general stigma about meeting partners online persists; (b) individuals are more likely to share that they met their partner online if they perceive their audience to be trustworthy; (c) intersections of race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation influence how people share their online dating narratives; (d) a hierarchy of legitimacy exists amongst online dating platforms; and (e) the benefits of meeting online often outweigh the stigma. I used both symbolic interactionist and narrative therapy frameworks to explore the implications of these findings and make suggestions for marriage and family therapists (MFT) working with clients who met their partners online. As well, I proposed competencies in online relationships for MFT education.
Ph. D.

Special Relationships examines depictions of love affairs, courtships and marriages between British and American characters in nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century American short stories and novels. I argue that these transatlantic love stories respond to shifting Anglo-American cultural, political, and economic exchanges during the period. In some cases, texts under consideration actually helped shape those interactions. I also suggest that many authors found such transnational encounters a useful way to define ideal versions of American national identity, and to endorse or challenge prevalent attitudes regarding class, race, and gender. Special Relationships begins with Cooper’s The Spy (1821), which I discuss in the Introduction. Part One examines works published by Cooper, Irving, Frances Trollope, Lippard, Warner, and Melville during the 1820s, 30s and 40s, and traces the emergence of the “fairytale” of the American woman who marries into English aristocracy. Part Two places works by Henry James, Burnett, and several other writers in the context of a real-life phenomenon: the plethora of American women who between 1870 and 1914 married into European nobility. I conclude by discussing the Anglo-American political rapprochement of the 1890s and the use by Jack London and Edgar Rice Burroughs of Anglo-American love stories to promote racial ‘Anglo-Saxonism.’

This study examines how novels that employ a marriage plot can be understood as didactic tales by readers, both personally on the surface level of the romance and on a deeper level as well, one that tackles questions of identity, gender roles and cultural values in ways that are neither simple nor superficial. The two Canadian novels which form the basis of this study are: Rosanna Leprohon's Antoinette De Mirecourt Or, Secret Marrying and Secret Sorrowing: A Canadian Tale (1864) and Louis Hémon's Maria Chapdelaine: Récit du Canada français (1916). In order to accomplish this study of one English-Canadian and one French-Canadian novel--both written in Quebec--I begin my analysis by briefly examining a particular type of social didacticism in literature, starting with conduct literature and focusing particularly on the genres of the courtesy novel (as an example, I examine Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice [1813] and how it functions didactically in the tradition of the courtesy novel), sentimental fiction and, finally, the French-Canadian roman de la terre . Since the symbolic messages of Antoinette De Mirecourt Or, Secret Marrying and Secret Sorrowing, A Canadian Tale and Maria Chapdelaine: Récit du Canada français are very different, it is difficult to compare these works on an allegorical level. Even so, it is possible to compare them on a surface level, in terms of the marriage plot, the character triangle (which includes a heroine, a hero and a counter-hero) and the four-part structure of place (composed of the heroine's home, the counter-hero's home, an establishment representative of society and, finally, nature). By comparing these novels in terms of the marriage plot and the similar literary conventions present in them, my analysis demonstrates how the actions and decisions of the characters in Antoinette De Mirecourt Or, Secret Marrying and Secret Sorrowing (A Canadian Tale) and Maria Chapdelaine: Récit du Canada français could have helped an observant reader, especially a female reader, cultivate important insights about her own prescribed social role and burden of choice.//Résumé : Le fardeau du choix : L'intrigue du mariage dans les romans Antoinette De Mirecourt Or, Secret Marrying and Secret Sorrowing (1864 ) de Rosanna Leprohon et Maria Chapdelaine (1916 ) de Louis Hémon. Ce projet analyse le rôle didactique, joue par les romans centrés sur une intrigue de mariage, auprès des lectrices. Ce rôle didactique concerne non seulement le plan personnel (au sens propre de l'intrigue amoureuse), mais aborde aussi des questions de fond telles que l'identité, les rôles sexuels et les valeurs culturelles. Les deux romans canadiens qui sont à la base de cette étude sont : Antoinette De Mirecourt Or, Secret Marrying and Secret Sorrowing: A Canadian Tale (1864) de Rosanna Leprohon et Maria Chapdelaine: Récit du Canada français (1916) de Louis Hémon. Malgré que, à première vue, ces deux romans ne semblent pas avoir beaucoup de points en commun, les deux sont des ouvrages allégoriques (avec une intrigue de mariage a leur centre) qui peuvent servir comme ressources didactiques pour lectrices attentives en les éduquant sur des sujets sociaux importants relies autant a des idées personnelles que nationales. Pour accomplir cette étude d'un roman canadien-anglais et un roman canadien - français - tous les deux écrits au Québec - je débute mon analyse en examinant rapidement une sorte particulière d'instruction sociale dans la littérature, commençant avec la littérature de conduite sociale et mettant une attention particulière sur les genres du courtesy novel (comme exemple, j 'examine Pride and Prejudice [1813 ] et la manière dont ce roman fonctionne en tant que ressource didactique dans la tradition du roman de courtoisie), la littérature sentimentale et le genre canadien-français du roman de la terre. La littérature de conduite sociale date des temps médiévaux et avait initialement pour objectif d'enseigner aux courtisans les bonnes manières, ainsi que les comportements appropriés compte tenu de leur statut social. Lorsque l'importance de l'aristocratie en Europe a commencé à diminuer au fil des années, le but de ce genre littéraire a changé aussi, s'éloignant des arènes politiques et sociales et en se tournant vers la sphère domestique en général, et, plus particulièrement, vers le rôle de la femme dans cette sphère. Suite à ce changement, la littérature de conduite sociale s'est vue attribuer un nouveau rôle, soit celui d'apprendre aux femmes comment remplir les rôles féminins présents pour elles par la société. Cette évolution a aussi vu la diffusion du matériel de conduite sociale dans d'autres genres littéraires, notamment dans le roman. Au Canada au dix-neuvième siècle, les auteur (e)s canadiens-anglais, en manque d'une tradition littéraire qui leur était propre, luttaient pour se définir en tant qu'écrivain (e)s. Par conséquent, plusieurs d'entre eux se sont tournés vers l'Angleterre et la tradition littéraire britannique déjà bien connue (surtout dans le monde littéraire anglophone) pour trouver des genres et des conventions littéraires qui pouvaient bien s'adapter à leurs expériences et qui les permettaient de partager des messages didactiques avec leurs lectrices. Plusieurs des auteur (e)s qui voulaient éduquer les lectrices en matières politiques et personnelles ont choisi la fiction sentimentale comme outil didactique et ont écrit des ouvrages semblables (en style et en but) aux courtesy novels. La même lutte pour développer une identité et une tradition littéraire a aussi eu lieu au Québec, mais un genre littéraire didactique existait déjà au Canada français : le roman de la terre. Le genre du roman de la terre avait un but didactique très différent de celui de la littérature sentimentale; c’était un genre qui mettait l'accent sur le rôle social des femmes dans le contexte des valeurs approuvées par l'Église catholique et qui était destiné à promouvoir un style de vie agraire et la continuité des valeurs et traditions canadiennes-françaises. Malgré ce fait, les ouvrages qui se classent dans ce genre littéraire ont souvent utilisé des intrigues et des conventions littéraires semblables à celles vues dans les romans de courtoisie et la fiction sentimentale du Canada anglais pour accomplir leurs buts instructifs. Les messages symboliques dans Antoinette De Mirecourt Or, Secret Marrying and Secret Sorrowing: A Canadian Tale et Maria Chapdelaine: Récit du Canada français sont très différents et, par conséquent, il n'est pas aisé de les comparer sur le plan allégorique. Malgré ce fait, il est possible de les comparer en termes de l'intrigue de mariage, du triangle de personnages (ce qui inclut l'héroïne, le héros et le contre-héros), ainsi qu'en ce qui concerne la structure de lieu en quatre parties (composée de la maison de l'héroïne, la maison du contre-héros, un établissement représentatif de la société et, finalement, la nature). Le mariage entre cultures vécu par Antoinette dans le roman & Antoinette De Mirecourt Or, Secret Marrying and Secret Sorrowing: A Canadian Tale représente un pas vers un bel avenir, autant sur le plan littéral (pour la protagoniste ) que sur le plan symbolique (pour le Canada) , tandis que dans Maria Chapdelaine: Récit du Canada français, le mariage symbolise un moyen pour Maria (et, en même temps, tout le peuple canadien-français ) de sauvegarder son passé. Dans les romans de Leprohon et Hémon, une héroïne canadienne-française se trouve forcée à choisir entre un prétendant anglais et un prétendant français (et, dans les deux cas, le choix qu'elle fait a des répercussions similaires sur les plans personnel et allégorique du roman). Malgré ceci, une lectrice attentive peut voir qu'en ce qui concerne l'intrigue amoureuse dans les deux romans, le choix personnel de chaque protagoniste est plus complexe qu'il en avait initialement l’air. En examinant Antoinette De Mirecourt Or, Secret Marrying and Secret Sorrowing, A Canadian Tale et Maria Chapdelaine: Récit du Canada français en fonction de l'intrigue de mariage et les conventions littéraires similaires qui sont présentés dans ces romans, cette analyse démontre comment les actions et les décisions des personnages dans ces ouvrages auraient pu aider une lectrice attentive à réunir des informations importantes, tant sur son rôle féminin présent par la société que sur le fardeau de ses choix personnels .

The reported study investigated temporal agency (i.e., the assignment of cause for temporal shift) in newlyweds’ courtship narratives. Transcripts of courtship narratives generated by each partner of 23 recently married couples (approximately 3 months) participating in the PAIR project (Huston, McHale, & Crouter, 1986) were analyzed for the presence of different linguistic strategies for encoding temporal shift. Statements were coded as “human agency assignments” when they assigned the cause of temporal shift to humans (e.g., we started seeing each other in June); statements that assigned temporal shift to abstract entities such as the events themselves (e.g., the summer started out well for us) or to the relationship (e.g., the relationship started to slow down) were coded as “abstract agency assignments.” The frequency with which narrators mentioned positiveand negative emotions was also coded to explore the possibility that emotional valence mediated agency assignments. The frequency of different agency assignments and emotion words were considered in the context of portions of the courtship accounts that narrators designated as describing “upturns” (episodes that increased the likelihood of marriage) or “downturns” (episodes that decreased marriage likelihood). Results indicated that the frequency of human agency assignments and positive emotion mention were higher in upturn than downturn narrative segments; in contrast, abstract agency assignments and negative emotion mention were more frequent in downturn than upturn segments. Subsequent analyses indicated that positive word mention partially mediated human agency assignments in upturns and that negative word mention partially mediated abstract agency assignments in downturns. These findings are consistent with previous research demonstrating an association between the emotional valence of an event and temporal agency assignment: In general, people assign temporal agency to themselves when describing positive events, but prefer abstract agency assignments for negative events (McGlone & Pfiester, 2009).
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碩士
國立中正大學
外國語文學系
85
As an outstanding novelist in both American and English Literature, Henry James is well-noted in his presentation of the international theme which is mainly on the confrontation between the American innocence and the European experience. Besides comparing the international theme in The Portrait of a Lady and Daisy Miller, based on the former novel, this thesis is going to examine the female protagonist's state of mind from the process of being suited to the marriage life she chooses, and to explore the four proposers' characteristics which are in fact closely related with their background. The first chapter is a brief introduction to the international theme which is revealed through the process of courtship and marriage. In the second chapter, a clear analysis will be given to the personalities of the female protagonist and the four proposers. Such an analysis will become a good explanation to their behaviors. Courtship is then the focus of the third chapter. The methods the four proposers take, the attitudes the female protagonist takes toward them and the reasons for her refusal are the points to be discussed. Chapter Four will be a complete presentation of the differences between the innocent girl and the experienced man. Such great differences in many aspects finally cause this couple to be destined to have an unhappy marriage. In the conclusion, the fifth chapter, a prediction and an affirmation will be given to the future of the female protagonist who is now standing alone in the world to face the evil things around her.

The benefits of being average were examined within the context of romantic relationships by focusing on courtship progression and events for 164 married couples. The courtship progression was captured using a graph of the fluctuations in the percentage chance of marriage for each spouse from when couples first began dating up until the wedding day. Five factors were then used to capture the graph: Time elapsed to progress from 25 to 75% chance of marriage, turbulence in chance of marriage values, average change in percent chance of marriage between relationship events, courtship length, and the sum of squared deviations from a straight line connecting when couples first started dating until their marriage date. Couples also reported on the timing of important relationship events (i.e., meeting parents, first fell in love, first sexual intercourse, and engagement) that were then compared to the order of the average courtship event progression. Deviations from the average courtship in terms of either graphical or event indicators did not significantly predict whether or not couples divorced in the first 13 years of marriage.
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This dissertation examines how religious meanings adopted by people and cultures influence the manner in which they perceive everyday reality and how they act within it. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) is used as a test case for understanding how doctrine, teachings, and culture affect beliefs and practices. In particular, I identify how the unique doctrine of celestial marriage and beliefs surrounding it establish a normative way of being Mormon. This study is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in LDS congregations in Utah and New England. It draws upon 70 in-depth interviews with married and unmarried Latter-day Saints and participant observation in church meetings, singles groups, dances, and dinners. My analysis builds upon sociological studies of coupling and the mate-selection process, feminist theory, Mormon scholarship, and on theories of lived religion and agency to explore the distinctive courtship patterns of the Latter-day Saints. My findings indicate that the belief in celestial marriage among Latter-day Saints is instrumental as they "do" gender and religion. The theological mandate to marry, the rigorous guidelines set by the church, and the cultural expectations of the Mormon community combine to influence members' beliefs about relationship formation and to dictate practices in daily life. Most active Latter-day Saints follow the guidelines of the church unquestioningly. They date with purpose and in appropriate ways, they marry in the temple, and they conform to theologically sanctioned gender norms. However, their practices do not always match their beliefs. Those who are not model Mormons may remain within the boundaries as long as they aspire to the ideal. While men and women experience the path to the ideal differently, both are "disciplined agents." Women work to empower themselves by reshaping or reframing doctrine and teachings, while men simultaneously conform to church teachings and subtly resist gender inequalities in the family. Men's efforts to alter gender norms, however, remain limited to the home. The most significant finding of this study is that even when practices are at odds with stated beliefs, the community provides ways to prevent disconfirmation and reinforce its identity and beliefs.
2021-05-31

This study provides evidence that individuals who share similar experiences that are grounded in the actual features of the courtship are likely to remain married over 13 years later. Using logistic regression and path analyses to examine 168 married partners, results support previous research suggesting that “enduring dynamics” best predicts the developmental pathway for couples who remain married, whereas “disillusionment” prefigures marital instability. Specifically, findings revealed that marriages are more likely to be stable when premarital partners (a) feel similar depths of love for one another, (b) move toward marriage at comparable rates over the course of the courtship, and when feelings of (c) love and (d) ambivalence reflect how frequently they experience conflict and downturns in their estimations of the likelihood of marriage. Gender differences and exceptions to this pattern are discussed.
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碩士
輔仁大學
跨文化研究所翻譯學碩士班
106
This study investigates the linguistic style of Chang Rang in her translation of Alice Munro's Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage. In her original writings, Chang uses concise, terse language, while as a translator, she strives to replicate Munro's style. However, this produces an unnatural effect, as she maintains the literal meanings and linguistic structures of the original English text. Divided into five chapters, this study seeks to discern the unique linguistic features of Chang's translation through a comparison of different texts. The first chapter discusses the background and goals of this study, and reviews previous research on the linguistic styles of Chang and Munro, as well as past studies on writer-translators and professional translators. The same chapter closes by discussing the research materials and methodology used. The second chapter analyzes Chang's translation, with particular focus on her use of vocabulary, syntax, and punctuation. A comparison is also made between Chang's translation and those published by Yilin Press and ECUS Publishing House. The third chapter examines whether Chang's writing style has extended to her translation through a comparison of vocabulary, syntax, and punctuation in her original works with those of her translation. The fourth chapter highlights differences between Chang's translation and the translation of a professional translator, with specific regard to vocabulary, sentences, and translation notes, which help to illustrate the translation strategies employed by Chang as a non-professional translator/writer-translator. The final chapter summarizes the linguistic relationship between Chang's original works and her translation, and suggests directions for future research. This study finds that Chang has indeed brought the vocabulary choices from her original works to her translation. Her use of translation notes also reflects her attributes as a writer. However, Chang's use of punctuation only partially reveals these characteristics; she obviously worked hard to duplicate the punctuation and sentence patterns which are representative of Munro’s style.

Dissertação de mestrado em Língua, Literatura e Cultura Inglesas
This thesis considers issues regarding a married woman’s ownership of property, divorce and child custody, during the Victorian period. The punitive and unequal nature of the divorce laws had a deterrent effect on women seeking to break their matrimonial ties, for they were dissuaded from seeking legal escape from an unsatisfactory marriage. Caroline Elizabeth Sarah Sheridan Norton fought to change the unfair marriage laws which she came to regard as punitive shackles. Taking her story as a case study, the legal framework of marriage and its implications for women will be analysed. Rather than focus entirely on the negative facets of the marriage institution, this thesis will also examine the courtship and marriage rituals in vogue during Queen Victoria’s reign, thereby shedding light on the social mores of the time.
Esta dissertação considera questões relativas à propriedade de uma mulher casada, ao divórcio e à custódia de crianças, durante o período vitoriano. A natureza punitiva e a desigualdade das leis do divórcio tiveram um efeito repressivo sobre as mulheres que pretendiam quebrar os seus laços matrimoniais, as quais eram dissuadidas de procurar uma solução legal para um casamento insatisfatório. Caroline Elizabeth Sarah Sheridan Norton lutou para mudar as leis matrimoniais injustas, que encarava como algemas punitivas. Neste sentido, fazendo da sua história um estudo de caso, serão analisados o enquadramento legal do casamento e as suas implicações para as mulheres. Em vez de se concentrar inteiramente nas facetas negativas da instituição do casamento, esta dissertação também examinará os rituais de namoro e de casamento em voga durante o reinado da Rainha Victoria, focando, assim, as normas sociais da época.

This thesis examines the romantic relationship of Henry Tutte and Edith Willey according to three main influences – religion, gender, and letter writing – seeking to understand Henry and Edith’s conceptions of courtship and marriage by analyzing their love letters to one another. It argues that all three shaped their relationship – religion and gender serving as frameworks of understanding and correspondence as a space for identity creation. Edith and Henry’s status as officers in the Salvation Army meant that they were officially regulated by Army sanction and unofficially regulated by the Salvationist community. The couple followed the majority of the regulations placed on them but at times negotiated and refashioned the limits of acceptably in order to foster emotional and spiritual intimacy. Henry and Edith saw connections between the spiritual love supported by Army ideology and the romantic love that they felt for one another, which lead them to couch their relationship in their faith. Conceptual connections between faith and gender continued as they wrote about their future roles as husband and wife, imagining their lives together and molding one another through subtle written interactions.
Graduate

碩士
國立臺南大學
特殊教育學系碩士班
100
This study is conducted with a narrative research. The interviewee is interviewed with the semi-structured interview of subject headings. From the interviewee’s self statements, the most accurate and in-depth information is gathered. In a narrative way, the interviewee naturally delivered his experiences and feelings. This study aimed at understanding the characteristics of the male visually impaired’s views on love and main obstacles he was faced with during the marriage courses and what worrying consideration and his coping strategies related to the factors affecting the course of marriage. After analysis, some conclusions can be summarized as follows: 1. Characteristics of the male visually impaired’s views on love and marriage are conservative and closed with a distance between females. An unwillingness was shown to actually face his relationships. With an uncertainty in marriage, and worries about wasting others’ time, he didn’t consider stepping into marriage. With worries about parenting issues, he chose not to have children. 2. The main obstacles encountered by the male visually impaired in marriage course are the economic pressures and problems because of the shrinking job opportunities. Self-closeness affects his attitude while meeting other females. Massage workplace temptation also affected his marriage and family; friends and relatives’ unfriendliness also contribute to his alienation of the affinity. 3. The impact of male visually impaired’s worry considerations in the course of marriage is the fear of objections from his date’s family. Besides, worrying about children''s upbringing and lack of economic ability will affect its marriage. 4. The coping strategies while male visual impaired faced with the factors affecting marriage course are actively seeking employment, efforts to increase economic capability, actively improvements of relations between her in-law’s family, sharing housework, responsibility for all the family expenses, and careful management of the marital relationship. Firmness to resist other temptations was used to maintain a loving family. The choice not to explicitly exposing his visual impairment to his in-laws was made to successfully enter the road of marriage. His choice not to have children was made to avoid imperfect parenting because of his vision conditions. According to the research results, there are some suggestion made to encourage male visual-impaired to open themselves, accept themselves, carefully handle the interpersonal relationship because of lacking the visual clues and rationally face the workplace temptations. For the visually impaired institutes, some suggestions are made to provide sharing of marriage management, genetic counseling on having children, parenting and care-taking skills, law education, interpersonal interaction and interpretation skills. There are some suggestions for the follow-up studies. For example, it is better to increase research samples. As for the quantitative research, personal privacy should be paid attention to and the male visual-impaired’s intimacy attitudes can be further discussed.

This thesis focuses on the motifs of courtship and marriage as experienced by the female characters in the novels published from the end of the 18th century till the second half of the 19th century. These novels include Evelina (1778), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Jane Eyre (1847) and The Mill on the Floss (1860). As all these novels are written by female authors, the thesis provides a unique female perspective of the issue. The chosen texts deal with the motifs of courtship and marriage, play with the conventional discourse, and at the same time challenge the established perception of the role of a woman in the process of courting. Besides discussing the novels, I explore also the way the themes of courtship and marriage are presented in the original 18th and 19th century literature. For this purpose, I scrutinized various conduct books and essays of the period. The first chapter of the thesis is introductory and explains the main ideas and terms used in the thesis. The second chapter focuses on the social background the heroine comes from - her family, character and education. Hence, the role of the family is discussed in reference to the process of courtship. Great attention is given primarily to the role of a father as a possible social guardian and the model of a future husband. The third...