Journal articles: 'Courtship'

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Noureddine, Maher, Fred Singer, Anthony Morris, Elizabeth Becker, Susan Riechert, Hongfa Xu, and Jeanette Hale. "ANALYSIS OF COURTSHIP SUCCESS IN THE FUNNEL-WEB SPIDER AGELENOPSIS APERTA." Behaviour 137, no. 1 (2000): 93–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853900501890.

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AbstractLaboratory studies of the funnel-web spider Agelenopsis aperta were conducted to determine the action patterns displayed by males and females during courtship, and to identify the elements of courtship associated with subsequent acceptance by the female. When placed on a female's web, a male usually went through a courtship sequence that included lateral swaying of his abdomen and flexing the web with his walking legs. These displays were punctuated with rest periods of varying duration. In all successful matings, females entered a cataleptic state in which they collapsed and appeared unconscious. In some courtships, males began mating with the female immediately after inducing catalepsis. But in most successful courtships (79%) males abandoned the cataleptic female and resumed the courtship sequence. Successful males were more active than unsuccessful males during the early stages of courtship. Successful males also tended to sway their abdomens with higher frequency than unsuccessful males during the courtship dance. We hypothesize that females are selecting males on the basis of vibratory performance during courtship, but that other factors, including chemical communication, may also play a role in mate selection.

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Bedoya-Pérez, Miguel A., Emilio A. Herrera, and Elizabeth R. Congdon. "Potential female mate choice in a male dominated system: the female capybara, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris." Journal of Mammalogy 101, no. 3 (May 22, 2020): 718–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa032.

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Abstract Capybaras, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Rodentia: Caviidae: Hydrochoerinae), show a strict social hierarchy among males, wherein the top-ranking male gains preferential access to females. Despite minimal sexual size dimorphism, males have a prominent scent gland on their snouts that is greatly reduced in the females. Top-ranking males have a larger gland and mark more frequently than subordinate males. This species also shows a moderately complex courtship that seems to be modulated by female behavior. In this study, we evaluated several components of courtship, as well as the females’ interactions with males during and outside courtship, in relation to the hierarchy rank of males. We found that subordinate males engaged in longer courtships than top-ranking males. However, there was no difference in the number of mount attempts or the success rate of these mounts as a function of the social status of the male, despite the longer courtship performed by subordinate males in comparison to top-ranking males. Outside courtship, females directed the same number of social interactions to males regardless of status. However, during courtship, females avoided copulation by subordinate males both directly and indirectly by encouraging courtship disruption by higher-ranking males. Females’ avoidance of subordinates may force these males to invest a higher amount of effort in courtships, thus engaging in longer courtships, yet achieving similar mount success as top-ranking males. We show that the original assumption of male hierarchy as the main mechanism of reproductive distribution is incomplete, and female mate choice plays an important role in determining which males reproduce.

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Staub, Nancy L., Alexandrea B. Stiller, and Karen M. Kiemnec-Tyburczy. "A New Perspective on Female-to-Male Communication in Salamander Courtship." Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 3 (June 23, 2020): 722–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa087.

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Synopsis Courtship behavior in salamanders is often complex and involves well-documented communication from males to females in multiple sensory modalities. Historically, behaviors exhibited during the major stages of courtship have been predominately framed as a male acting and signaling to “persuade” a passive female to participate in courtship and remain with him until sperm release is completed. In this review, we use courtship descriptions for lungless salamanders (Plethodontidae) as a case study to illustrate this historical bias of a male-centered perspective. We then re-examine the literature and summarize the many ways females are active participants during plethodontid courtships. We also relate female behaviors to the types of female-to-male communication that may occur. For example, females have been documented to approach a male and initiate courtship, participate in mutual head rubbing, and step astride the male’s tail to begin the tail-straddling walk (a key courtship behavior observed in all plethodontids). Additionally, females have glands that may produce chemical signals that males respond to during courtship. We conclude that communication during courtship is more accurately described as a two-way interaction where each partner’s behavior is coordinated with the other’s via multi-modal signaling. Shifting the lens through which we view courtship and behavior provides insight into which female behaviors and anatomical features are most likely to be used for communication with males.

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Sapp, Jerod, and Karen Kiemnec-Tyburczy. "The circular tail-straddling walk of the clouded salamander, Aneides ferreus: a deviation from the highly conserved linear tail-straddling walk of the Plethodontidae." Amphibia-Reptilia 32, no. 2 (2011): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/017353711x562180.

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AbstractThe family Plethodontidae is the most species-rich group of salamanders and although courtship observations are rather rare for some genera, behaviors are reported to be stereotyped across members of the whole family. In detail, courtship is characterized by a distinct behavior called linear tail-straddling walk, in which the female follows the male as he moves forward in a straight line. To better understand courtship behaviour in the Plethodontidae, we report here a description of the courtship behaviour of the clouded salamander (Aneides ferreus [Cope]), which deviates from the more common pattern. Our observations of over 20 complete courtships show that A. ferreus courtship is distinct from typical plethodontid patterns in three notable ways: (1) a novel, circular tail-straddling walk precedes the typical plethodontid linear tail-straddling walk, (2) the duration of courtship is much longer than in other plethodontids, and (3) females exhibit behaviours atypical of most plethodontid females. We discuss the possible evolutionary and ecological implications of these differences, some of which may have evolved in response to habitats where space for social interactions is limited.

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Nali, Renato Christensen, Rubens Antonio Felipe Turin, and Cynthia Peralta de Almeida Prado. "The courtship call of <i>Bokermannohyla ibitiguara</i> (Anura: Hylidae) and details of its mating behavior." Caldasia 44, no. 2 (June 24, 2022): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v44n2.90725.

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Complex courtships have been described for neotropical frogs, but detailed quantifications of calls emitted during this behavior are still rare. Herein, we describe the courtship call of Bokermannohyla ibitiguara, a gladiator tree frog from the Brazilian Cerrado, as well as the female behavior during courtship, and the clutch characteristics. Moreover, we statistically compare the acoustic parameters of the advertisement and courtship calls. We observed that the female also touches the male during courtship and that the courtship call is overall similar to the long note of the advertisement call. However, we uncovered significant differences in frequencies and pulses between these two call types emitted by the same male. This ability to modify call parameters is consistent with previous results in aggressive contexts and reinforces sexual selection as a strong mechanism shaping call variation in this species. This is the third courtship call described for the genus and we emphasize that the description of rare behaviors, even in artificial conditions, is important to advance the field of behavioral ecology across taxa.

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Ridgway, Mark S., and J. D. McPhail. "Rival male effects on courtship behaviour in the Enos Lake species pair of sticklebacks (Gasterosteus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 1951–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-297.

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Two species of stickleback (Gasterosteus) coexist in Enos Lake, on Vancouver Island. Field observations and trapping data indicate that limnetic males nest on open substrate whereas benthic males nest on substrate in vegetation. Given these habitat differences, we conducted laboratory experiments to determine the effect of conspecific rival nesting males on the courtship behaviour of the two species. Courtships of limnetic fish were longer in duration than those of benthic fish because of longer territorial interactions between limnetic males. Limnetic females, and not benthic females, reduced their positive responses to their male partner when a rival male was present. The cost of competitive courtship, in terms of male competition and female choice, is thus greater in limnetics than benthics. Differences in competitive courtship between the two species are behavioural adaptations to habitats that promote (open habitat, limnetics) or reduce (vegetation, benthics) courtship disruptions.

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Stafford, Laura, Rodney M. Cate, and Sally A. Lloyd. "Courtship." Journal of Marriage and the Family 55, no. 1 (February 1993): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/352982.

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Krohmer, Randolph W., and David Crews. "Control of length of the courtship season in the red-sided garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis: the role of temperature." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 987–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-142.

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The influence of temperature on the length and intensity of the courtship season was examined in both field and laboratory populations of red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) over a 2-year period. Snakes were exposed to fluctuations in temperature following emergence from hibernation and activation of courtship behavior. In the field, males were exposed to four temperature regimens: extended hibernation (0L:24D, 4 ± 1.5 °C), cool (14L:10D, 12 ± 2.3° C), warm (14L:10D, 28 °C:ambient), or control (ambient temperatures and light). Control animals exhibited courtship behavior fluctuating in intensity with daily ambient temperatures. Animals exhibited high intensity courtship behavior when exposed to warm conditions following emergence from either natural hibernation or a secondary period of laboratory hibernation. Animals placed in the cool regimen were active but exhibited very little courtship behavior. Animals maintained under the cool regimen for 14 days did not initiate courtship behavior when placed in the warm regimen. Studies conducted in the laboratory support the field results. However, whereas animals maintained under the cool regimen for 14 days and then placed in the warm regimen exhibited dramatically reduced courtship behavior, animals placed in the warm regimen after 21 days under the cool regimen initiated courtship of normal intensity and duration. Following the end of all courtship behavior, males exposed to conditions of hibernation for a brief period reinitiated courtship behavior. These data suggest that the areas of the central nervous system critical for the perception of temperature fluctuations and initiation of courtship behavior remained sensitive in late spring. Following the end of the courtship season, females exposed to a brief period of hibernation also reinstated courtship behavior in noncourting males. These data suggest that the length of the courtship season ultimately may be controlled by the presence of attractive females.

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Banks, Frank D. "Plantation Courtship." Journal of American Folklore 134, no. 533 (July 1, 2021): 343–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jamerfolk.134.533.0343.

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Billingham, Robert E., and Kathryn A. Henningson. "Courtship Violence." Journal of School Health 58, no. 3 (March 1988): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1988.tb05838.x.

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Lamont, Ellen. "Negotiating Courtship." Gender & Society 28, no. 2 (September 23, 2013): 189–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243213503899.

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THOMPSON, WILLIAM E. "Courtship Violence." Youth & Society 18, no. 2 (December 1986): 162–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x86018002004.

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Greenspan, Ralph J., and Jean-François Ferveur. "Courtship inDrosophila." Annual Review of Genetics 34, no. 1 (December 2000): 205–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genet.34.1.205.

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Rees-Jones, Deryn. "A Courtship." Ploughshares 41, no. 1 (2015): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/plo.2015.0009.

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Fisher, Joseph. "A Courtship." Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 27, no. 3 (October 1, 1994): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/45225973.

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Clark, Deborah C., and Allen J. Moore. "Social Communication in the Madagascar Hissing Cockroach: Features of Male Courtship Hisses and a Comparison of Courtship and Agonistic Hisses." Behaviour 132, no. 5-6 (1995): 401–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853995x00630.

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AbstractMale Madagascar hissing cockroaches (Gromphadorhina portentosa) produce acoustic sounds or 'hisses' during courtship interactions with females. G. portentosa males also hiss during agonistic interactions with other males. In this study we documented intra- and inter- individual variation in male courtship hisses, addressed the possible role of hissing as an indicator of male rank, size or mating success, and determined if individual males produce different hisses during courtship and agonistic interactions. We found inter-individual variation in courtship hisses in dominant frequency and duration. Within males, these characteristics of the courtship hiss were repeatable within a day. Characteristics of courtship hisses and mating success were not related to male rank. However, courtship hisses may convey information about the size of the male: larger males had longer, lower frequency hisses than smaller males. There was a trend for males that mated to be larger than males that did not mate. However, characteristics of the' courtship hiss were not significantly related to mating success after controlling for differences in male weight. Finally, we found that the dominant frequency and duration of courtship and agonistic hisses of males did not differ suggesting that males are using similar signals during both courtship and agonistic interactions. We interpret these results in light of the possible functions of hissing, male-male competition, and female discrimination during courtship interactions.

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Órfão, Inês, Constança Carvalho, Inês Rodrigues, Leonor Ascensão, Marie Pedaccini, Luís Vicente, Miguel Barbosa, and Susana A. M. Varela. "The role of intrasexual competition on the evolution of male-male courtship display: a systematic review." PeerJ 10 (February 2, 2023): e14638. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14638.

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Background Evidence of male-male courtship display is widespread across the animal kingdom. Yet, its function and evolutionary origin remain unclear. Here, we hypothesise that male-male courtship display evolved in response to selection pressure exerted by intrasexual competition during male-female courtship interactions. Intrasexual competition can be caused by bystander male pressure through eavesdropping and exploiting on displayer male’s courtship interactions with females. This bystander pressure can lead to an audience effect by the displayer, who will change their courtship behaviour in the presence of bystanders and display directly towards them, even in the absence of females, as an intimidation strategy. In species where this selection pressure has taken place, we predict that the male courtship display will have a dual function: attract females and deter competitors. Therefore, we expected to find more evidence of bystander-related behaviours in species for which male-male courtship display is linked to intrasexual competition compared to species for which other explanatory hypotheses are more plausible (e.g., mistaken identity or courtship practice). Methodology We conducted two systematic reviews to test this hypothesis. First, we conducted a search for studies of species with courtship display between males and of the hypotheses provided to explain this behaviour. Our goal was to identify the species with male-male courtship display and evidence of intrasexual competition. Second, among the species with male-male courtship display, we searched for evidence of bystander-related behaviours, i.e., articles referring to eavesdropping, exploitation, and audience effect during male-female courtship interactions. Our goal was to test whether species with intrasexual competition are also more likely to show bystander-related behaviours. Results Although most studies reporting male courtship display towards other males do not suggest any explanatory hypothesis for this behaviour, the intrasexual competition hypothesis was largely mentioned and supported by some studies reviewed. Additionally, there is more evidence of eavesdropping and of all three bystander-related behaviours combined in species for which the intrasexual competition hypothesis was suggested. Conclusions Overall, our review supports the hypothesis that intrasexual competition can play a key role in male courtship display evolution, namely that male-male courtship display may have evolved as a secondary function of male-female courtship interactions via bystander male pressure. However, our review also shows that despite the increasing interest in same-sex sexual behaviours, and male-male courtship display in particular, most studies were found to be merely descriptive, and the hypotheses they suggested to explain courtship display between males mostly speculative. This highlights an important gap in the literature. To clarify both the evolution and the function of male-male courtship display, this behaviour needs to be empirically studied more often. Our review can help advancing this research area, as it makes the 20 species with male-male courtship display for which the intrasexual competition hypothesis was suggested excellent candidates for empirical research.

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Knörnschild, Mirjam, Marion Feifel, and Elisabeth K. V. Kalko. "Male courtship displays and vocal communication in the polygynous bat Carollia perspicillata." Behaviour 151, no. 6 (2014): 781–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003171.

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Male courtship behaviour towards choosy females often comprises elaborate displays that address multiple sensory channels. In bats, detailed quantitative descriptions of multimodal courtship displays are still fairly scarce, despite the taxon’s speciose nature. We studied male courtship behaviour in a polygynous Neotropical bat, Seba’s short-tailed fruit bat Carollia perspicillata, by monitoring harem males in a captive colony. Courting male C. perspicillata performed stereotypic tactile, visual and acoustic displays. A courtship sequence, directed at one female at a time, lasted up to 120 s. During courtship, males approached females by brachiating or flying, hovered in front of them, pursued them on the wing, sniffed them and repeatedly poked the females with one or both folded wings; the latter behaviour was the most conspicuous male courtship display. Immediately before copulation, males wrapped their wings around the females and bit their necks. As acoustic display, courting male C. perspicillata produced highly variable, monosyllabic courtship trills. The species’ vocal repertoire consisted of ten different social vocalisation types, three for benign interactions (courtship trills, wobbles, isolation calls), four for aggressive encounters (aggressive trills, down-sweeps, warbles, distress calls) and the remaining three for unknown behavioural contexts (V-shaped calls, flat down-sweeps, hooks). Courtship trills and aggressive trills were exclusively produced by males. We measured 245 courtship trills of five males and found statistical evidence for a strong individual signature which has the potential to facilitate female choice, mate recognition or neighbour–stranger recognition among male competitors.

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Pavlou, Hania J., and Stephen F. Goodwin. "Courtship behavior in Drosophila melanogaster: towards a ‘courtship connectome’." Current Opinion in Neurobiology 23, no. 1 (February 2013): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2012.09.002.

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Iftikhar, Hina, Nicholas L. Johnson, Matthew L. Marlatt, and Ginger E. Carney. "The Role of miRNAs in Drosophila melanogaster Male Courtship Behavior." Genetics 211, no. 3 (January 25, 2019): 925–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.118.301901.

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Drosophila melanogaster courtship, although stereotypical, continually changes based on cues received from the courtship subject. Such adaptive responses are mediated via rapid and widespread transcriptomic reprogramming, a characteristic now widely attributed to microRNAs (miRNAs), along with other players. Here, we conducted a large-scale miRNA knockout screen to identify miRNAs that affect various parameters of male courtship behavior. Apart from identifying miRNAs that impact male–female courtship, we observed that miR-957 mutants performed significantly increased male–male courtship and “chaining” behavior, whereby groups of males court one another. We tested the effect of miR-957 reduction in specific neuronal cell clusters, identifying miR-957 activity in Doublesex (DSX)-expressing and mushroom body clusters as an important regulator of male–male courtship interactions. We further characterized the behavior of miR-957 mutants and found that these males court male subjects vigorously, but do not elicit courtship. Moreover, they fail to lower courtship efforts toward females with higher levels of antiaphrodisiac pheromones. At the level of individual pheromones, miR-957 males show a reduced inhibitory response to both 7-Tricosene (7-T) and cis-vaccenyl acetate, with the effect being more pronounced in the case of 7-T. Overall, our results indicate that a single miRNA can contribute to the regulation of complex behaviors, including detection or processing of chemicals that control important survival strategies such as chemical mate-guarding, and the maintenance of sex- and species-specific courtship barriers.

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McWilliams, Scott R. "Courtship Behavior of the Small-Mouthed Salamander (Ambystoma Texanum): the Effects of Conspecific Males On Male Mating Tactics." Behaviour 121, no. 1-2 (1992): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853992x00417.

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Abstract1. The courtship behavior of A. texanum consisted of a rapid nudging period followed by males producing many spermatophores, some of which were picked up by the female. Neither amplexus or leading by the male were integral components of courtship. Consequently, proposed geographic variation in A. texanum courtship remains unsubstantiated. 2. Courtship behavior of A. texanum and A. barbouri (formerly pond and stream form A. texanum, respectively) is very similar; only the location of courtship and perhaps the frequency of sexual interference tactics are different for these two sibling species. 3. A. texanum courtship is rapid, males produce large numbers of spermatophores per courtship and invest little courtship time per spermatophore, and intermale competition is extreme. 4. Male A. texanum promote their sexual success using sexual interference behavior (e.g. covering other spermatophores with their own) and to a lesser degree sexual defense behavior (e.g. forcefully nudging rival males). 5. Male sexual success is primarily enhanced directly - A. texanum males increase the number of spermatophores produced when at least two other males are courting the same female. The temporal allocation of these additional spermatophores is adaptive only if males are maximizing the number of ejaculates per female or breeding typically occurs in polygamous aggregations.

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Goncharova, Anna A., Natalia G. Besedina, Julia V. Bragina, Larisa V. Danilenkova, Elena A. Kamysheva, and Sergei A. Fedotov. "Courtship suppression in Drosophila melanogaster: The role of mating failure." PLOS ONE 18, no. 8 (August 10, 2023): e0290048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290048.

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Drosophila melanogaster is a popular model organism in the study of memory due to a wide arsenal of methods used to analyze neuronal activity. The most commonly used tests in research of behavioral plasticity are shock avoidance associated with chemosensory cues and courtship suppression after mating failure. Many authors emphasize the value of courtship suppression as a model of behavior most appropriate to natural conditions. However, researchers often investigate courtship suppression using immobilized and decapitated females as targets of courtship by males, which makes the data obtained from such flies less valuable. In our study, we evaluate courtship suppression towards immature mobile non-receptive females after training with mated or immature females combined with an aversive stimulus (quinine). We have shown that the previously described mechanisms of courtship suppression, as a result of the association of the courtship object with the repellent, as well as due to increased sensitivity to the anti-aphrodisiac cVA after mating failure, are not confirmed when immature mobile females are used. We discuss the reasons for the discrepancies between our results and literature data, define the conditions to be met in the courtship suppression test if the aim is to analyze the natural forms of behavioral plasticity, and present data on the test modifications to approximate conditions to natural ones.

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Simmons, Leigh W., and Rebecca Holley. "Offspring viability benefits but no apparent costs of mating with high quality males." Biology Letters 7, no. 3 (December 2010): 419–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0976.

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Traditional models of sexual selection posit that male courtship signals evolve as indicators of underlying male genetic quality. An alternative hypothesis is that sexual conflict over mating generates antagonistic coevolution between male courtship persistence and female resistance. In the scarabaeine dung beetle Onthophagus taurus , females are more likely to mate with males that have high courtship rates. Here, we examine the effects of exposing females to males with either high or low courtship rates on female lifetime productivity and offspring viability. Females exposed to males with high courtship rates mated more often and produced offspring with greater egg–adult viability. Female productivity and lifespan were unaffected by exposure to males with high courtship rates. The data are consistent with models of sexual selection based on indirect genetic benefits, and provide little evidence for sexual conflict in this system.

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Thomas, Jessica L., Marissa L. Parrott, Kathrine A. Handasyde, and Peter Temple-Smith. "Female control of reproductive behaviour in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), with notes on female competition for mating." Behaviour 155, no. 1 (2018): 27–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003476.

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Abstract Opportunities for studying platypus courtship and mating behaviours in the wild are limited due to the nocturnal and cryptic nature of this species. We report on platypus courtship and mating behaviour from a successful breeding program at Healesville Sanctuary, Victoria, in which platypuses were held as either breeding pairs or trios over seven years. Behaviour was recorded daily on infrared cameras resulting in over 80,000 h of footage that was analysed for activity periods, and courtship and mating behaviours including non-contact and contact courtship, mating and avoidance. Our aims were to describe and quantify courtship and mating interactions between males and females, and to determine if either sex controlled the initiation and continuation of the behaviours. From our observations, we describe a new courtship behaviour, non-contact courtship, which constituted the majority of all mating season interactions between males and females. The time between first and last appearance of a courtship and mating behaviour was 41.0 ± 6.6 days, with the females showing behavioural receptivity for 29.6 ± 5.1 days. Female platypuses used three evasive strategies in relation to approaches by males: avoidance, flight and resistance. Females controlled the duration of 79% of encounters using resistance. For the first time, two females were seen competing with each other over access to the male platypus in their enclosure and for nesting material. Time investment in courtship and mating behaviours was a poor indicator of receptivity and breeding success, and we suggest that breeding failure is more likely to be associated with failure of fertilisation, nest building, embryonic development or incubation. We describe how female platypuses demonstrate evasiveness and control of courtship and mating behaviours, and the importance of providing these opportunities in captivity to promote successful breeding.

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Pradhan, Devaleena S., Madelyne C. Willis, Tessa K. Solomon-Lane, Kevin Thonkulpitak, and Matthew S. Grober. "Simultaneous courtship and parenting in males and sex role reversal in females of the haremic bluebanded goby, Lythrypnus dalli." Behaviour 152, no. 7-8 (2015): 917–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003262.

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While males typically compete for females, species with female biased sex ratios and/or large male investment in offspring care often exhibit reversed sex roles. Here we investigated, in a haremic fish species, the bluebanded goby,Lythrypnus dalli, the impact of male and female courtship behaviour on male reproductive success, measured as the total number of eggs in the nest and total number of developed eggs. Reproductive success was not associated with rates of male behaviour, such as parenting, approaching and courtship, but was associated with rates of female courtship. Consistent with predictions for a role-reversed reproductive strategy, only males demonstrated nest care and females exhibited high rates of courtship and intrasexual competition, such that alpha females interrupted courtship solicitations by beta females. Overall, these data are consistent with sex role reversal inL. dalliand show that the expression of male courtship behaviour does not interfere with paternal care.

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Ota, Nao, Manfred Gahr, and Masayo Soma. "Couples showing off: Audience promotes both male and female multimodal courtship display in a songbird." Science Advances 4, no. 10 (October 2018): eaat4779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat4779.

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Social environments can shape animal communication. Although mutual courtship displays are generally thought to function in private communication between a male and a female, we provide experimental evidence that they work in a broader social context than previously thought. We examined the audience effect on mutual courtship in blue-capped cordon-bleus, a socially monogamous songbird. This species is characterized by conspicuous courtship shared between sexes: Both sexes sing songs and sometimes add a unique dance display that looks like human tap dancing. We found that in both sexes, multimodal courtship displays (song accompanied by dance) were promoted in the presence of an audience, especially if it was the opposite sex. In contrast, unimodal displays (song without dance) were suppressed by audiences. Because birds directed the courtship dancing toward their partners (but not the audience), multimodal courtship displays are likely meant to advertise their current mating status to other cordon-bleus.

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Vernasco, Ben J., Brent M. Horton, Ignacio T. Moore, and T. Brandt Ryder. "Reduced cooperative behavior as a cost of high testosterone in a lekking passerine bird." Behavioral Ecology 31, no. 2 (December 11, 2019): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz201.

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Abstract Many studies have identified the reproductive benefits of cooperative behaviors, yet few have identified the mechanisms that underlie these behaviors. Mechanistic studies can inform our understanding of why some individuals are more or less cooperative, as well as identify the physiological constraints imposed upon the evolution of reproductive traits. Male wire-tailed manakins (Pipra filicauda) exhibit cooperative courtship behaviors and more cooperative territory holders have been shown to exhibit higher reproductive success. To begin to understand the proximate basis of cooperative display behaviors, we conducted both an observational study and an experimental study. Because coordinated courtship displays underlie this form of cooperation, our study also examined both the hormonal and social drivers of individual variation in courtship behavior more broadly (e.g., courtship display rates). Our observational study revealed that males with higher testosterone levels performed fewer cooperative display bouts. In addition, our experimental study demonstrated that the proportion of a male’s courtship displays that were cooperative decreased after being administered a testosterone-filled hormone implant. We found no relationship between an individual’s courtship display effort (i.e., display rate and time spent performing courtship displays) and circulating testosterone in either study. However, more cooperative males spent a greater proportion of time performing courtship displays than did less cooperative males, suggesting that testosterone may indirectly mediate courtship display behaviors by influencing a territory holder’s cooperative behavior. Overall, both our observational and experimental results suggest that reduced cooperative behavior is a cost of maintaining high levels of testosterone for territory-holding males.

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VEDENINA, VARVARA, NIKITA SEVASTIANOV, and TATIANA TARASOVA. "Contributions to the study of the grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) courtship songs from Kazakhstan and adjacent territories." Zootaxa 4895, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 505–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4895.4.3.

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Male courtship songs of 9 grasshopper species of Gomphocerinae from Kazakhstan and Orenburg region and Altai Republic of Russia were studied. We analyzed not only the sound, but also the stridulatory movements of the hind legs to more entirely describe the songs. We also analyze the frequency spectra of the songs and the whole visual display during courtship. The courtship songs of three species, Stenobothrus miramae, Chorthippus dubius and Ch. angulatus, were studied for the first time. In four species, Omocestus haemorrhoidalis, O. petraeus, Myrmeleotettix pallidus, Ch.karelini, we found certain differences in temporal pattern of the courtship songs in comparison with the previous data on the respective species from other regions. In five species, O. viridulus, S. miramae, M. pallidus, Ch. dubius and Ch. karelini, various parts of elaborate courtship songs differed in the carrier frequency. In four species, O. haemorrhoidalis, O. petraeus, M. pallidus and Ch. dubius, the dominant frequencies of the courtship song were shown to lie in the range higher than 20 kHz. The conspicuous movements of antennae and legs during courtship were studied in M. pallidus, S. miramae and Gomphocerus sibiricus.

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Barske, Julia, Barney A. Schlinger, Martin Wikelski, and Leonida Fusani. "Female choice for male motor skills." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1724 (April 20, 2011): 3523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0382.

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Sexual selection was proposed by Darwin to explain the evolution of male sexual traits such as ornaments and elaborate courtship displays. Empirical and theoretical studies have traditionally focused on ornaments; the reasons for the evolution of elaborate, acrobatic courtship displays remain unclear. We addressed the hypothesis that females choose males on the basis of subtle differences in display performance, indicating motor skills that facilitate survival. Male golden-collared manakins ( Manacus vitellinus ) perform elaborate, acrobatic courtship displays. We used high-speed cameras to record the displays of wild males and analysed them in relation to male reproductive success. Females preferred males that performed specific display moves at greater speed, with differences of tens of milliseconds strongly impacting female preference. In additional males, we recorded telemetrically the heart rate during courtship using miniature transmitters and found that courtship is associated with profoundly elevated heart rates, revealing a large metabolic investment. Our study provides evidence that females choose their mates on the basis of subtle differences in motor performance during courtship. We propose that elaborate, acrobatic courtship dances evolve because they reflect motor skills and cardiovascular function of males.

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Airst, Jason, and Susan Lingle. "Courtship strategies of white-tailed deer and mule deer males when living in sympatry." Behaviour 156, no. 3-4 (2019): 307–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003543.

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Abstract Courtship behaviour reflects characteristics of an animal’s general biology, while also reflecting selective pressures specific to reproduction. Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (O. virginianus) are sister species that differ in antipredator behaviour and sociality. We observed sympatric mule deer and white-tailed males to document their grouping patterns, courtship tactics, and aggressive interactions during the breeding season. Consistent with the hypothesis that courtship strategies reflect species differences in antipredator tactics and sociality, mule deer males were more likely than white-tailed males to tend females in multi male–multi female groups. White-tailed males almost exclusively tended females in isolated pairs and prevented other males from joining their groups. However, both species spent more time in isolated pairs as courtship advanced, likely to reduce competition. Our results enabled us to distinguish courtship behaviours that reflect contrasting antipredator tactics and sociality from courtship behaviours that reflect reproductive selective pressures that the species share.

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KING, STEVE. "Love, Religion and Power in the Making of Marriages in Early Nineteenth-Century Rural Industrial Lancashire." Rural History 21, no. 1 (March 5, 2010): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793309990112.

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AbstractThis article addresses the relative dearth of work on courtship and marriage motivations for early nineteenth-century England. Focusing on rural-industrial Lancashire, the article draws on a rare conjunction of sources: an autobiography, a series of love-letters and letters from friends, relating to the nascent textile entrepreneur David Whitehead and his intended wife Betty Wood. Triangulating these sources suggests that some of the seemingly dominant influences on courtship and marriage seen in other studies, such as the economic status of partners, family and kin, had little part in this drama. Rather, issues of love, destiny and, above all, religious suitability dictated the pace, content and outcome of the courtship process. Against this backdrop, it was Betty Wood, rather than David Whitehead, who held the levers of power in the courtship. The article also explores other aspects of courtship, most especially the relationship between courtship intensity/fragility and the spatial dynamics of the marriage market.

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Bouhouche, A., T. Benziane, and G. Vaysse. "Effets de deux mutations neurologiques, minibrain3 et no-bridgeKS49, sur la parade nuptiale chez Drosophila melanogaster." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): 985–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-130.

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Male courtship events of two neurological mutants (nobridgeKS49 (nob) and minibrain3 (mnb)) of Drosophila melanogaster were recorded and subjected to quantitative and sequential analysis. The nob mutation, which disorganizes the protocerebral bridge, causes specific defects in courtship: a low frequency of the copulation attempt and the disappearance of the licking – copulation attempt sequence. Thus, the nob males were unable to copulate with receptive females within the 30-min observation. We think that this may be due to an abnormality in their wing vibrations. The mnb mutant, characterized by a reduction of the brain (by more than 50%), exhibited difficulties in initiating courtship and in maintaining contact with the female during courtship. These courtship defects may be due to visual and locomotor anomalies.

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de Jong, Karen, Elisabet Forsgren, Hanno Sandvik, and Trond Amundsen. "Measuring mating competition correctly: available evidence supports operational sex ratio theory." Behavioral Ecology 23, no. 6 (2012): 1170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/ars094.

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AbstractCentral to sexual selection theory is the question of when individuals should compete for mates. Theory predicts that the sex ratio of ready-to-mate individuals (operational sex ratio; OSR) affects male and female mating competition. In accordance with this, the strength of mating competition, measured by agonistic behaviors and courtship displays, has been found to co-vary with the OSR in field populations of several species. However, laboratory experiments have often produced results that seemingly contradict OSR theory, especially for courtship behavior. We argue that this may be because experiments typically measure frequencies of competitive behaviors. Frequencies of courtship and agonistic behavior are not only affected by the level of mating competition, but also by the number of potential mates or competitors encountered. In contrast, the propensity to behave competitively at a given encounter represents a behavioral response, and thus directly reflects mating competition. We show in 2 simple models that 1) courtship frequency can be expected to respond differently from courtship propensity to changes in OSR and 2) an increase in frequency of agonistic behaviors could occur even if the propensity is not affected by the OSR. In a meta-analysis of studies on courtship competition, we show that frequency measures produced largely opposite results to propensity measures, as predicted by our model. Moreover, courtship propensity increased when the OSR became more biased toward competitors. This presents strong evidence that the OSR affects competition, in the form of courtship, as predicted by OSR theory.

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Ash, Caroline. "Enduring muscular courtship." Science 370, no. 6514 (October 15, 2020): 306.1–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.370.6514.306-a.

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Hale, Lara Anne. "Smart Home Courtship." Academy of Management Proceedings 2019, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 10126. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2019.10126abstract.

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ERASMUS, Desiderius, and Albrecht DÜRER. "Courtship / Junges Pärchen." INTAMS review 5, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/int.5.1.2014748.

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Grooms, Anthony. "Uncle Beasley's Courtship." African American Review 26, no. 4 (1992): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3041872.

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Laner, Mary Riege. "Competition in Courtship." Family Relations 35, no. 2 (April 1986): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/583635.

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Howarth, David. "A Long Courtship." Art History 18, no. 1 (March 1995): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8365.1995.tb00614.x.

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Schuldt, Alison. "Collective cell courtship." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 14, no. 8 (July 3, 2013): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm3622.

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Blackburn, L. "AN ELECTRIFYING COURTSHIP." Journal of Experimental Biology 210, no. 13 (July 1, 2007): iii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.008458.

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Penneil, Joan T. "Courtship Violence Research." Social Work 32, no. 2 (March 1, 1987): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/32.2.175-c.

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Roy, Debjani. "Courtship in frogs." Resonance 1, no. 12 (December 1996): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02838908.

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Takhar, Jennifer. "Strip Mall Courtship." Journal of Customer Behaviour 21, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1362/147539222x16620495972626.

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LANGHAMER, CLAIRE. "LOVE AND COURTSHIP IN MID-TWENTIETH-CENTURY ENGLAND." Historical Journal 50, no. 1 (February 13, 2007): 173–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x06005966.

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This article contributes to the on-going study of modern affective life by exploring the ways in which love was understood, invoked, and deployed within heterosexual courtships. ‘Love’ itself is approached as a highly mutable and flexible concept whose meanings and uses are contingent upon historical moment, gender, status, and generation. Whilst the article does not claim to offer a comprehensive history of love across the central years of the twentieth century, it suggests that some of the everyday meanings and uses of that emotion can be illuminated through consideration of this particular aspect of social life. Rather than placing discursive constructions centre stage, the article uses life history material to effect an analysis embedded in everyday practices. Courtship itself is understood as a transitional stage between youth and adulthood: a life stage during which the meanings and uses of ‘love’ were implicitly or explicitly confronted, where gender relationships were potentially unstable, and where aspiration and desire could conflict in the making of the self. Courtship therefore constituted an important rite of passage which could provide an opportunity to perform, reject, and refine new roles and responsibilities, whilst negotiating future status and identity. The article explores the power dynamics which underlined romantic encounters, but argues that through their everyday practice young women exercised real, if bounded, agency within this sphere of social life.

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Oliveira Filho, Júlio C. de, and Ariovaldo A. Giaretta. "Reproductive behavior of Leptodactylus mystacinus (Anura, Leptodactylidae) with notes on courtship call of other Leptodactylus species." Iheringia. Série Zoologia 98, no. 4 (December 2008): 508–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0073-47212008000400015.

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Here we present data on the reproductive behavior of Leptodactylus mystacinus (Burmeister, 1861), including details on courtship behavior. We also describe and compared the courtship calls of L. mystacinus, L. furnarius Sazima & Bokermann, 1978 and Leptodactylus sp. (L. aff. andreae). Field works were conducted in Uberlândia (central Brazil). During courtship, a female approaches a calling male and is led to a previously excavated chamber; a female can approach a silent male that beat his hands and/or feet on the ground as well. The courtship call of L. mystacinus consists of one single arch-shaped note (duration = 0.04 s) repeated 258 times per minute; the courtship calls of L. furnarius (0.06 s, 84 times per minute) and Leptodactylus sp. (0.15 s, 5 times per minute) also are arch-shaped. The courtship behavior of L. mystacinus is similar to that of other species of the L. fuscus (Schneider, 1799) group; unique to it is that males can beat his hands and/or feet on the ground while courting. The male behavior of conducting the female to a previously excavates chamber and the arch-shaped courtship call may represent other shared derived features of members of the L. fuscus group, including the former Adenomera species.

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DeBruin, Jared H., Damien B. Wilburn, Richard C. Feldhoff, and Nancy L. Staub. "Presence of sodefrin precursor-like factor pheromone candidates in mental and dorsal tail base glands in the plethodontid salamander, Karsenia koreana." PLOS ONE 18, no. 8 (August 1, 2023): e0289296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289296.

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Plethodontid salamanders are well known for their distinct courtship rituals and the associated pheromonal signaling. However, little is known about pheromones produced in the lone Asian plethodontid species Karsenia koreana. Here, we examined the localization patterns of proteins of the sodefrin precursor-like factor (SPF) pheromone system in K. koreana. Using an antibody generated against SPF proteins from another plethodontid, Desmognathus ocoee, we tested three types of skin glands in K. koreana males via immunohistochemistry: the mental gland and two types of dorsal tail base glands–caudal courtship glands and dorsal granular glands. SPF immunoreactivity was detected in the known courtship gland, the mental gland, as well as granular glands, but not in caudal courtship glands. Due to immunoreaction specificity, we hypothesize the proteins of the SPF system in K. koreana and D. ocoee are structurally and functionally related and are used as courtship pheromones in K. koreana. Also, we hypothesize that K. koreana males transmit SPF to the female during the tail-straddling walk via dorsal granular glands. Finally, K. koreana male caudal courtship glands may be producing SPF proteins that are not recognized by our SPF antibody or these glands may play a different role in courtship than anticipated.

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Kofron, Christopher P. "Courtship and mating of the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus)." Amphibia-Reptilia 12, no. 1 (1991): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853891x00310.

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AbstractCourtship and mating of the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) were studied in a seasonal river in Zimbabwe. Courtship and mating occurred from late June through mid August (the coldest months), which was in the dry season when crocodiles were confined to pools. There was a shared basking ground and shared courtship-mating arena, with group courtship by young adult males, but time-partitioning of the arena by the larger bulls. After courting and mating the individuals came ashore to bask and sleep. Various head postures and displays were used during courtship and submissive behaviour.

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Meiselman, Matthew R., Anindya Ganguly, Anupama Dahanukar, and Michael E. Adams. "Endocrine modulation of primary chemosensory neurons regulates Drosophila courtship behavior." PLOS Genetics 18, no. 8 (August 23, 2022): e1010357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010357.

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The decision to engage in courtship depends on external cues from potential mates and internal cues related to maturation, health, and experience. Hormones allow for coordinated conveyance of such information to peripheral tissues. Here, we show Ecdysis-Triggering Hormone (ETH) is critical for courtship inhibition after completion of copulation in Drosophila melanogaster. ETH deficiency relieves post-copulation courtship inhibition (PCCI) and increases male-male courtship. ETH appears to modulate perception and attractiveness of potential mates by direct action on primary chemosensory neurons. Knockdown of ETH receptor (ETHR) expression in GR32A-expressing neurons leads to reduced ligand sensitivity and elevated male-male courtship. We find OR67D also is critical for normal levels of PCCI after mating. ETHR knockdown in OR67D-expressing neurons or GR32A-expressing neurons relieves PCCI. Finally, ETHR silencing in the corpus allatum (CA), the sole source of juvenile hormone, also relieves PCCI; treatment with the juvenile hormone analog methoprene partially restores normal post-mating behavior. We find that ETH, a stress-sensitive reproductive hormone, appears to coordinate multiple sensory modalities to guide Drosophila male courtship behaviors, especially after mating.

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Gailey, D. A., and J. C. Hall. "Behavior and cytogenetics of fruitless in Drosophila melanogaster: different courtship defects caused by separate, closely linked lesions." Genetics 121, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 773–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/121.4.773.

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Abstract The fruitless (fru) courtship mutant was dissected into three defects of male reproductive behavior, which were separable as to their genetic etiologies by application of existing and newly induced chromosomal aberrations. fru itself is a small inversion [In(3R) 90C; 91B] on genetic and cytological criteria. Uncovering the fru distal breakpoint with deletions usually led to males with two of the fru courtship abnormalities: no copulation attempts with females (hence, behavioral sterility) and vigorous courtship among males, including the formation of "courtship chains." However, certain genetic changes involving region 91B resulted in males who formed courtship chains but who mated with females. Uncovering the fru proximal breakpoint led to males that passively elicit inappropriately high levels of courtship. This elicitation property was separable genetically from the sterility and chain formation phenotypes and provisionally mapped to the interval 89F-90F, which includes the fru proximal breakpoint. Behavioral sterility and chaining were also observed in males expressing certain abnormal genotypes, independent of the fru inversion. These included combinations of deficiencies, each with a breakpoint in 91B, and a transposon inserted in 91B.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Courtship'

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