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Academic literature on the topic 'Coût génétique'
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Journal articles on the topic "Coût génétique"
Ehrenström, Philippe. "Stérilisation opératoire et maladie mentale. Une étude de cas." Gesnerus 48, no. 3-4 (November 25, 1991): 503–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-0480304021.
Full textMarino, P., R. Touzani, I. Borget, E. Rouleau, I. Durand-Zaleski, L. Perrier, D. Sika Kossi, and S. Baffert. "Coût du séquençage NGS à visée diagnostique en génétique somatique et constitutionnelle : estimations issues de 15 laboratoires français de génétique moléculaire des cancers." Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 65 (May 2017): S83—S84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2017.03.077.
Full textGIDENNE, Thierry, Luc MAERTENS, and Laurence DROUILHET. "Efficacité alimentaire en cuniculture : voies d'améliorations, impacts technico-économiques et environnementaux." INRA Productions Animales 32, no. 3 (November 22, 2019): 431–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2019.32.3.2946.
Full textOlivier, Catherine. "Le financement de la haute technologie dans le système de santé : le cas de la pharmacogénomique." Dossier : La bioéthique 2, no. 2 (April 13, 2018): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1044646ar.
Full textELSEN, J. M., F. BARILLET, J. VU TIEN KHANG, F. SCHELCHER, Y. AMIGUES, J. L. LAPLANCHE, J. P. POIVEY, and F. EYCHENNE. "Génétique de la sensibilité à la tremblante ovine : recherches en cours et perspectives." INRAE Productions Animales 10, no. 2 (April 7, 1997): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1997.10.2.3989.
Full textGELÉ, M., S. MINERY, J. M. ASTRUC, P. BRUNSCHWIG, M. FERRAND-CALMELS, G. LAGRIFFOUL, H. LARROQUE, et al. "Phénotypage et génotypage à grande échelle de la composition fine des laits dans les filières bovine, ovine et caprine." INRAE Productions Animales 27, no. 4 (October 21, 2014): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2014.27.4.3072.
Full textHOUDEBINE, L. M. "La transgenèse animale et ses applications." INRAE Productions Animales 11, no. 1 (February 2, 1998): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1998.11.1.3919.
Full textSELLIER, P., J. BOUIX, G. RENAND, and M. MOLÉNAT. "Les objectifs et les critères de sélection : Les aptitudes bouchères : croissance, efficacité alimentaire et qualité de la carcasse." INRAE Productions Animales 5, HS (December 2, 1992): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1992.5.hs.4278.
Full textHOSPITAL, F., and J. M. ELSEN. "Introgression génique assistée par marqueurs." INRAE Productions Animales 5, HS (December 2, 1992): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1992.5.hs.4309.
Full textPHOCAS, F., C. BELLOC, J. BIDANEL, L. DELABY, J. Y. DOURMAD, B. DUMONT, P. EZANNO, et al. "Quels programmes d’amélioration génétique des animaux pour des systèmes d’élevage agro-écologiques ?" INRA Productions Animales 30, no. 1 (June 14, 2018): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2017.30.1.2232.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Coût génétique"
Martinez, Gonzales Odilon. "Simulation du coût/efficacité du génotypage du facteur Rhésus foetal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30116/30116.pdf.
Full textLa alloimmunisacion maternal es la respuesta inmunológica del organismo a la presencia de un alloantigeno en la sangre materna durante la gestación de una mujer RhD negativa. Existen diferentes opciones de despistaje, pero las evaluaciones de costo/eficacia no han sido realizadas. Este es un estudio de simulación de reportes de costo/eficacia de opciones de despistaje del factor Rhesus fetal durante la gestación de mujeres RhD negativas de Quebec. El modelo a considerado cuatro opciones: 1) la profilaxis sistemática, 2) el génotypage fetal, 3) el despistaje inmunológico RhD del papá et 4) el despistaje mixta. Durante el primer embarazo, la profilaxis sistemática y el despistaje inmunológico RhD del padre son las más costo/eficaces. Durante el segundo embarazo la opción despistaje inmunológica del padre es la opción más costo/eficaz. En las circunstancias actuales, la opción de génotypage fetal no es costo/eficaz, pero este lo sería si el test de génotypage costara menos de 140 $ CA.
Maternal alloimmunisation against Rhesus D antigen is an immunologic response to the presence of RhD antigen in the fetus of pregnant RhD negative women. Various screening options exist but the evaluation of their cost/effectiveness has never been done. This research is a simulation study that addresses the cost/effectiveness of fetal Rh screening options. The model considered four options: 1) the systematic use of anti-D immunoglobulin, 2) fetal RhD genotyping, 3) immunological determination of the father Rh factor and 4) mixed screening. During the first pregnancy, the two most cost/effective options were the systematic prophylaxis and immunological Rh typing options. Immunological typing was the most cost/effective option for the second pregnancy. Fetal genotyping is not a cost-effective option unless the cost of the test drops below 140 $CA.
Bahri, Bochra Amina. "Adaptation et structuration spatiale des populations méditerranéennes de rouille jaune du blé (Puccinia striiformis f. Sp. Tritici)." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112085.
Full textThe wheat yellow rust is structured in two sub-populations in France : a North population responsible for recurrent epidemics (every 3-4 years) due to pathotypes with complex virulence patterns, and a South population, sporadic and dominated by one simple pathotype (6E16-Av9). Despite the high susceptibility of southern France cultivars to the Northern pathotypes and the presence of spore exchanges between the two areas, this spatial structure is steady over time. In order to explain this structure, we tested if (i) the Northern pathotypes present a fitness penalty due to the unnecessary virulence genes carried; (ii) the southern population has a fitness advantage under Mediterranean conditions. In addition we studied the genetic relationship of the South France PST population with populations from the Mediterranean area. Competition tests between pathotypes differing by one virulence revealed a higher fitness of avirulent isolates. However, for three pairs over eight, an higher aggressiveness was observed for virulent isolates, limiting the impact of the virulence cost in the observed PST structure. Field competitions confirmed the best fitness of 6E16-Av9 pathotype at high temperatures (Mboup PHD, 2008). The genetic study of PST in Mediterranean area (AFLP and SSR) confirmed the belonging of South isolates to a Mediterranean population and highlined the importance of spore migration from North Africa to southern Europe. The identification of the resistance gene Yr8 in the prevalent wheat cultivars in North Africa explains the high frequency of the corresponding virulence v8 in the Mediterranean area, as well as the incapacity of northern pathotypes (Av9) to develop in that area. A complementary sampling revealed the genetic proximity of Mediterranean population with Middle East population, from which it probably originated. An even greatest genetic diversity is depicted, in Pakistan, where probably biotic and abiotic environmental diversities contribute to the existence and the differentiation of contrasted populations. Phylogenetic relations between the populations studied bring some indications on the origin and diversification of PST in the Eurasian continent
Boëte, Christophe. "Ecologie évolutive de la réponse de mélanisation chez le moustique Aedes aegypti et utilisation des moustiques génétiquement modifiés pour le contrôle du paludisme." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066028.
Full textBalbi, Manon. "Validation de la fonctionnalité des continuités écologiques en milieu urbain : approches plurispécifiques et multi-sites." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B034/document.
Full textMaintaining connectivity across urban landscape, intrinsically fragmented, is a major issue of urban biodiversity conservation. Connectivity is increasingly taken into account by policy and stakeholders, especially through the establishment of the blue-green infrastructure. Multiple mapping tools allow to detect ecological networks (highly connected areas), however their functionnal validation is often lacking. The objective of this study is to validate least cost path analysis predictions in several cities with different biological models. Studied species vary in terms of dispersal means and capacities (flight, walk, crawling) and habitat requirement (e.g. herbaceous or forested habitats). Several protocols based on movement ecology and landscape genetic are applied, focusing on replication (within and among cities) and control of inter-individual variability. Our results indicate that movement is increased in predicted ecological networks when compared with areas predicted as poorly connected: the translocated hedgehogs travelled longer distances, several passerine responded to song playback over longer distances, and moths showed increased recapture rates. Indirect analysis on the garden snail showed a weak relation between population genetic differentiation and connectivity models. This work provides scientific support for the establishment of ecological networks in urban landscapes
Mouloua, Zerouk. "Ordonnancements coopératifs pour les chaînes logistiques." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00606329.
Full textIhsen, Saad. "Conception d'un système d'aide à l'ordonnancement tenantcompte des impératifs économiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00162379.
Full textBerkoune, Djamel. "Optimisation de l'ordonnancement prenant en compte les tâches prévisionnelles." Valenciennes, 2005. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/447b7d18-7b4f-4074-8bd4-e36c1429ef39.
Full textIn this work, we consider the flexible job-shop scheduling problem with uncertain demands and we develop a new cooperative methodology to solve it. It is organized in two main parts. The first one consists in finding a scheduling for the firm demands. The second one consists in developing methods allowing of insertion the predicted demands in the solutions found initially with insertion methods (static method and dynamic method) while optimizing the considered criteria. To test the effectiveness of these solutions, we determine an approach based on the calculation of the lower bounds for the criteria, which calculation on the firm demands and on the estimated ones. A method of resolution for multicriterion problems is proposed to help the decision maker when it cannot give a particular preference to the criteria. Moreover, we validate these methods on a series of example. Finaly, we conclude this memory by listing some advantages of our methods
Basma, Hussein. "Energy management strategies for battery electric bus fleet." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://thesesprivees.mines-paristech.fr/2020/2020UPSLM036_archivage.pdf.
Full textInitiatives to decrease emissions from the transport sector are increasing worldwide by seeking alternative technologies to replace oil-based mobility. Battery Electric Buses (BEB) present a promising solution thanks to their high energy efficiency, low greenhouse gas emissions and the absence of local pollutant emissions. However, this technology still faces many challenges, especially its high total cost of ownership (TCO) and other operational factors such as the limited bus driving range, the high energy refueling time, and the required charging technologies and strategies. In this context, this thesis presents a systematic methodology that aims at developing solutions to help overcoming these challenges by providing optimal battery sizing and charging strategy for BEB. First, a comprehensive multi-physical bus energy model is developed to evaluate its energy needs considering all the energy systems encountered within. The energy consumption of the bus is then evaluated at a variety of operating conditions. Then, a techno-economic model of an entire bus line is developed in order to assess the impact of different battery sizing and charging strategies on the costs and operation of BEB. A TCO model is introduced considering the BEB unit costs, battery purchase and replacement costs, energy and power costs, infrastructure, and maintenance costs. A case study in Paris city is presented and the analysis reveals the resulting tradeoff between the TCO and BEB schedule disruptions and delays as function of different battery sizes and charging strategies. A methodology to minimize the TCO of BEB deployment is presented providing the optimal battery sizing and charging strategy for BEB, while respecting the BEB operation constraints. The methodology is a 2-step optimization algorithm that utilizes both Dynamic programming and Genetic Algorithm optimization routines. The results show that the proposed methodology could reduce the BEB TCO between 15-25% compared to the currently adopted approaches to deploy BEB
Djogbenou, Luc Salako. "Dynamique des mécanismes de résistance aux insecticides liés à la modification de cibles dans les populations naturelles d’Anopheles gambiae s. L. D’Afrique de l’Ouest." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20085.
Full textVector control is one of the most effective methods of malaria prevention in sub-Saharan Africa. Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides (kdr mutation) has appeared in vectors of malaria, especially in An. Gambiae s. L. The effectiveness of pyrethroid-treated nets seems to be threatened by this resistance and the search for alternative insecticides is a priority. In the laboratory, as in field studies, the presence of an acetylcholinesterase mutation (ace-1R), which confers resistance to carbamates and organophosphates (insecticides proposed as alternatives to pyrethroids), provides an advantage to An. Gambiae s. S. In contact with the insecticide. This advantage is shown in heterozygotes by measuring the partial dominance of the gene. In the absence of insecticides, a genetic cost affects some life history traits of resistant mosquitoes, reducing their chances of reproduction. This genetic cost is probably due to the important reduction of enzymes activity coded by ace-1R. The ace-1R mutation is already present in high frequencies in natural populations of West Africa. This distribution results from a single mutation event that has been spread across our study sites by migration. Its presence in M and S forms of Anopheles gambiae s. S. Is due to a introgression phenomenon. The mutation is present in the two alleles : one ace-1R resistant allele made of a copy of the ace-1 gene carrying the G119S mutation, and one duplicated allele, Ag-ace-1D, that carries one susceptible and one resistant G119S copy linked on the same chromosome. This duplication might reduce the cost associated with the resistance and impair vector control strategies based on alternating insecticides. These alleles are in competition in natural populations of Anopheles gambiae, the primary vector of malaria in West Africa. In Benin, two species of the An. Gambiae complex (An. Gambiae s. S. And An. Arabiensis) were found either alone or in sympatry. In An. Gambiae s. S. , the S molecular form is present in almost all localities, whereas the M form was found in high proportions only in the south and the north. The study of resistance mechanisms due to target site modification in Anopheles gambiae s. L. And Culex quinquefasciatus reveal that many populations are resistant to DDT and permethrin. In Anopheles gambiae, the comparison of mortality with DDT and permethrin indicates that the resistance is due in large part to the kdr mutation. However, the distribution of this mutation is variable between sites. Our study showed a strong link between the frequency of the kdr mutation and agricultural use of insecticide against cotton pests. In all cases, very few samples of the two species (An. Gambiae and Cx. Quinquefasciatus) were found to be resistant to the carbamates and organophosphates used. The frequency of the ace-1R mutation was also small. This indicates that the use of carbamates and organophosphates might still be used in a resistance management strategy. These studies offer interesting perspectives on the possibilities of vector control for prevention of malaria. In fact, they allow improving our understanding of the biology and ecology of the vector and on the resistance mechanisms. In the pursuit of a better vector control strategy, it would be interesting for scientists in developed countries studying genomic to work in collaboration with scientists in areas where malaria is present and with local institutions
Danloup, Nicolas. "Les problèmes de collectes et livraisons avec collaboration et transbordements : modélisations et méthodes approchées." Thesis, Artois, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ARTO0203/document.
Full textCollaborative logistics have become recently an important element for many companies to improve their supply chains efficiency. In this thesis, we study pickup and delivery problems to improve supply chains efficiency thanks to collaborative transportation. The thesis was part of the European project SCALE (Step Change in Agri-food Logistics Ecosystem). Firstly, two metaheuristics are proposed and studied to solve the Pickup and Delivery Problem with Transshipments. These metaheuristics are compared with literature works and the results of several instances are improved. Secondly, a mathematical model for a pickup and delivery problem (PDVRP) is proposed. This model is used to study the benefits of collaboration on transportation. It is applied on random data and on a case study from SCALE with real data. Finally, a model for a particular PDVRP is presented. In this model, the shipments have to cross exactly two transshipments nodes between their pickup and delivery points. This problem is inspired by a second case study made during the project SCALE. This allows to highlight the importance of collaboration and transshipment in the field of goods transportations