Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Coûts d'ajustement du capital'
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Ratsimalahelo, Zaka. "La demande d'investissement avec coûts d'ajustement." Dijon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992DIJOE001.
Full textThe pontryagin maximum principle is the adequate method for dynamic optimization problems. In the neoclassical theory of investment modified, the adjustment costs allow to suppress a certain dichotomy in lifting the hypothesis of independance of the definition desired capital stock and the process of adjustment of the production capacity realised and the production capacity desired. We take into account in the model the theories of intertemporal disequilibrium and of rational expectations. Other theories of investment : keynes's marginal efficiency of capital and tobin's "q" can fit into an adjustment costs model. We show the advantage of state space for econometric dynamic models and time series. In the rationnal expectations model we show the milits of the wiener-kolmogorov filter approach used by sargent and hansen and of the classical method of wittle used by nerlove, grether and carvalho. We use a time approach to generalize the models of nerlove and abel and blanchard. The application concerns french companies during the period 1970-1988. The results show the persistent role of the profit rate in the explanation of the variation of investment rate
Darreau, Philippe. "Concurrence monopolistique et coûts fixes d'ajustement des prix." Limoges, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIMO0410.
Full textKeynesian price rigidity (chapter 0) is interpreted within the framework of a monopolistic competition model (chapter 1) and is optimalized by ss price policies with fixed costs of price adjustment. The inefficiency of monopolistic general equilibrium (chapter 3) is a problem of coordination which is analyzed as an externality of price determination affecting the aggregate demand. In the event of a monetary shock, the questions which must be considered are the coordination of adjustment decisions and the complementarity of strategies. The calculation (chapter 4) of two nash equilibriums of intertemporal price adjustment leads to consider the money non neutrality as a problem of intertemporal coordination of decisions. Effects on the welfare (chapter 5) of price adjustment are more important in bunching than in staggering
Garatti, Aléxis. "Identification des chocs macroéconomiques et coûts d'ajustement dans la perspective d'une union monétaire." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40042.
Full textRay, Simon. "The real-estate component in the production process of non-financial firms : investment, employment and mobility." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM2018.
Full textThis thesis studies channels through which corporate real-estate affects investment, employment and mobility of Non-Financial Corporations (NFCs). Real-estate assets account for a sizable share of firms' asset value and premises are often one of the main expenditure items of NFCs. Real-estate prices hence have a bearing on the value of firms' pledgeable assets and on the cost of inputs. In a frictional credit market, the firms' borrowing capacity can be enhanced by an increase in asset's value. The first two chapters of this thesis study this collateral channel and its effects on investment and employment. The first chapter proposes a dynamic setting with a focus on labor market variables whereas the second explores heterogeneous effects across firms, based on micro-data. The last chapter examines the consequences of the peculiarities of real-estate adjustment costs. Studying the relocation behaviour of firms facing varying moving costs, we document important effects of the costs associated with a change in the size of the premises on the employment dynamics
Huc, Sylvie. "L'incidence des politiques d'ajustement structurel sur l'investissement en capital humain dans les pays en voie de développement." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010026.
Full textThai, Thi Hong An. "Trois essais sur la structure du capital et la vitesse d'ajustement vers d’un ratio «cible» d’endettement des entreprises vietnamiennes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAG005.
Full textThe first paper stemmed from this thesis seeks to explore the determinants of the capital structure of Vietnamese listed companies, with an emphasis on outside ownership. The empirical results demonstrate that the proportion of state investment has no linear impact on firm leverage. The results, however, reveal an inverted U-shaped relationship. Besides, our empirical results show that the proportions of foreign investment and large holders are negatively associated with short-term, total and market leverage. There is no evidence about the non-linear relationship between foreign and large ownership and the capital structure of observed firms.The second study aims to explore some new aspects of the issue of adjustment speed toward the target leverage for Vietnamese publicly quoted firms by adopting a partial adjustment model. Through testing the existence of the target leverage and estimating the speed of adjustment, the study tries to find evidence of heterogeneity in adjustment behavior. Indeed, the assumption that the speed of adjustment is the same for all firms is inconsistent with the argument of the tradeoff theory which states that firms readjust their leverage by comparing the costs and benefits of adjustment. For different firms, these elements are different, leading to heterogeneity in speed. Even for a single company, the speed could change over time. To have an in-depth overview of the adjustment mechanism, this study goes inside different sub-samples of firms, i.e., above versus below the target; close versus far from the target; deficit versus surplus firms.The last essay belonging to the thesis provides the first ever evidence of the changes of adjustment behaviors over the business life cycle of Vietnam quoted firms from 2005 to 2017. The outcomes show that the adjustment speed towards the target leverage varies significantly across the five phases of life, and reaches the highest level in the stage of introduction. The results also indicate that the cash flow pattern is a more reliable proxy of business life cycle stages than firm age and growth rate. Our empirical evidence supports the pecking order theory as the best-fit framework to understand the funding behavior of Vietnam listed firms throughout corporate life
Presidente, Giorgio. "Essays on technology, institutions, and productivity." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E053.
Full textUsing data on shipments of industrial robots, this paper finds that volatile sectors are disproportionally automated in countries with strict rules on employment dismissal. The idea behind the empirical result is that unlike for human workers, firms can freely dispose of robots, just as with any other capital good. Since robot’s rights are not protected by law, they deliver labor services at will. The incentive to automate induced by regulation is stronger in volatile sectors, where uncertainty about business conditions increase the flexibility requirements of firms. My estimates predict that in uncertain sectors, the most regulated country (Italy) should be twice as automated as the least regulated one (the United States). Data show that the number of robots per employee in Italy is 90% higher than in the United States. The identification strategy consists in exploiting different timing in labor re-forms across countries. Identification comes from the before-after effect on sectorial investment in robots in reformed countries (the \treatment group"), vis-a-vis the before-after effect in countries where EPL did not change (the \control group").This paper sheds light on why firms invest in automation. In contrast to conventional wisdom, robots do not increase productivity because they are better or faster at doing things, but rather because they increase allocative efficiency. The link between regulation and automation implies that labor market policy can be used to mitigate the disruptive effect of technology
Roussel, Josse. "La gestion du risque stratégique ou choix stratégiques et couple risque-rendement : le point de vue des coûts de transaction et du coût du capital." Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090058.
Full textStrategic management and modern financial theory formulate contradictory strategic prescriptions regarding risk managment, specific information and the efficiency of corporate diversification. Our research endeavors formulating homogeneous strategic prescriptions by redefining risk in a strategic light. Transcation costs and cost of capital play a substantial role. The former allows us to offer an original analysis of radical uncertainty management. The latter informs us about corporate value. An empirical test based on the observation of 50 corporate mergers identifies key determinants of corporate efficiency defined in risk-return. The methodology strives to integrate financial theory results into corporate strategy in a sound approach
Pisano, Marina. "L'apport du réseau dans la construction du capital social pour un management responsable : une étude empirique dans le secteur du bâtiment en Région Occitanie." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30008/document.
Full textThis PhD in Management Science is done by contract CIFRE within a Technical Study Bureau, BET, located in Languedoc-Roussillon area since September 2013. The field research concerning the building sector. The research question is directed towards the construction sector and more particularly to the impact of informal networks on the coordination and management of transaction costs in activities related to the development and construction
Trabelsi-El, Gharbi Myriam. "Le choix de la source de dettes par les grandes firmes : le cas français." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE0501/document.
Full textIn spite of public market deregulation in the 1980s, large French companies continue borrowing predominantly from commercial banks. To understand corporate debt decisions, this thesis examines the choice between arm’s-length debt obtained in public market and/or monitored debt supplied by banks. This choice has an impact on firms’ common stock prices. Bank loan announcements convey information to the capital market and generate positive share price effects, while bond debt announcements do not. Market reaction is even more important when announcements are related to bank credit renewals, to shorter maturities and to syndicated loans. In fact, corporate debt ownership structure depends on several firm characteristics. Results indicate that largest and oldest firms are most likely to issue public debts. However, some of them draw advantage from their scale to reach bond markets, whereas they have a relatively high credit risk. These firms continue borrowing from banks to benefit by a greater flexibility. Moreover, firms with sensitive information have a mixed structure of debt, since they choose their debt source according to the confidentiality of the projects to be financed. Corporate governance variables also play a part in the corporate debt choices. Finally, the two types of debts are more complementary than substitute
Diongué, Birahime. "Les niveaux et les facteurs explicatifs de la santé au Sénégal de 1960 à 1982." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF10018.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is first to study the health levels of Senegalese people and secondly to analyze the factors explaining their health standard. In the first part, we used the result indicators such as morbidity rates, based on the ministry of public health data only, since they are no epidemiologic surveys. The trends analysis indicated a strong prevalence of certain diseases, such as malaria, with nevertheless important disparity between the regions. However, despite the eradication of big endemics such as plague, small pox, sleeping disease, others diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis leprosy, sexually transmissible diseases, nutritional and diarrheal diseases, measles, whooping cough, consequences of abortions and deliveries, represent the most important plagues. But the morbidity data do not correspond to the Senegalese reality: in fact, the health infrastructures are almost exclusively settled in towns and consequently, they benefit only to urban population. Moreover, the attraction of traditional medicine is not to be neglected, but it is the opposite. All the reasons led us to believe that the morbidity is not really known and consequently that the indicator can not constitute a study base of the health (or levels) in Senegal. That is why we choose the mortality, which is a incontestable evidence and a more known indicator. We analyzed in a second part the health factors and, in order to so, we used 17 health and socio-economic variables supposed to explain the levels of infant mortality (explained variables). We went on with a differential econometric analysis, at first at the national level, then with a pooling-data analysis including only 6 regions and finally with a model applied to Dakar, then to Ngayokheme. The demographic variables, the availability of the coverage of beds, as much as the schooling rate have been the main explanatory factors of health status in the regions and in Dakar the income per capita did not reveal itself as a significate variable. But, in terms of personnel in Dakar the medical and paramedical (midwives) coverage have been significate variables, when at the region level, the population per nurse indicator only prove significate
Lecuyer, Oskar. "Quelle place pour les aides aux technologies de réduction d'émissions en présence d'un prix du carbone? : le cas du secteur électrique." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00914477.
Full textBouakez, Hafedh. "Les modèles à prix rigides et la persistance des chocs of monétaires." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/173.
Full textGoyette, Sylvain. "Le processus d'évaluation des dépenses en capital TI : une perspective pratique." Thèse, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4924/1/D2353.pdf.
Full textEl, Bir Mohamed Ali. "La mesure des coûts d'agence chez les PME manufacturières dynamiques : l'influence du financement par capital de risque." Thèse, 2013. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7530/1/030826371.pdf.
Full textDoan, Thi Lien Huong. "L'estimation du coût du capital dans les marchés émergents : une application au secteur alimentaire du Vietnam." Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2994/1/M9422.pdf.
Full textJarray, Abdallah. "Planification et dimensionnement des réseaux optiques de longues distances." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3697.
Full textThe research project focuses on the design and planning problems of long distance optical networks also called OWANs (Optical Wide Area Networks) or "backbone". These are networks that carry aggregate flows in circuit switching mode. OWAN networks connect sites with optical fibers, cross-connected by optical and/or electric switches/routers. OWAN networks are meshed throughout a country or continent and allow the transit of data at very high speed. In the first part of the thesis, we are interested in the design problem of agile optical networks. The problem of agility is motivated by the growing of bandwidth demand and by the dynamic pattern of client traffic. Equipment deployed by network operators must allow greater reconfigurability and scalability to manage the complexity of connections among clients and deal with a dynamic traffic pattern. Often, the problem of network design is to provide the required bandwidth to grant a given traffic pattern. Here, we seek to choose the best nodal configuration with the agility level that can guarantee the optimal network resource provisioning. We will also study two other types of problems that can face a network operator. The first problem is the network resource provisioning. Once the network architecture design is chosen, the remaining question is : How to resize and optimize the architecture to meet the agility level required to grant any demand. The definition of the network provisioning scheme is a complex optimization problem. It consists of defining a set of optical paths, choosing the routes followed by them, and their assigned wavelengths, so as to optimize the solution quality with respect to some network metrics. Moreover, we need to define the best design strategy adapted to the dynamic traffic pattern. The second problem is to optimize the capital investment cost (CAPEX) and the operational expenses (OPEX) of the selected optical transport architecture. In the case of the design architecture considered in this thesis, the CAPEX includes the routing cost, the installation cost and the commissioning service cost for all required network equipment in end connections and intermediate nodes. OPEX correspond to expenses related to the operation of the transport network. Given the symmetrical nature and the exponential number of variables in most mathematical formulations developed for these types of problems, we particularly explored solving approaches based on a column generation algorithm and greedy heuristics which adapt well to these types of modeling and large scale mathematical models. A comparative study of several provisioning strategies and solution algorithms on different traffic and OWAN network instances show that the minimum network cost is obtained in two cases : An anticipative dimensioning strategy combined with a column generation solution combined with a rounding off heuristic in the context of no disturbance or possible disturbance of previously granted connections. Also, a good repartition of used network resources (MSPPs, PXC and wavelengths) is observed with the scenarios using a myopic strategy and a column generation solution approach. The results obtained from this thesis also show that a considerable saving in CAPEX and OPEX costs are possible in the case of an intelligent allocation and heteregenous distribution of network resources through network nodes compared with the classical architecture that adopts a uniform architecture using the same configuration in all nodes. Indeed, we demonstrated that it is possible to reduce the number of PXCs (Photonic Switches) while satisfying the traffic matrix and keeping the overall cost of provisioning network unchanged compared to what is happening in a classic architecture. This implies a substantial reduction in network CAPEX and OPEX costs. In our experiments with various network and traffic instances, we show that a careful dimensioning and location of the nodal equipment can save up to 65% of network expenses.