Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Couverture (géologie)'
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Grelaud, Sylvain. "Couplage socle-couverture et style de la déformationau front des orogènes : Comparaison entre le Minervois (front des Pyrénées, France) et le Potwar (front de l'Hymalaya, Pakistan)." Cergy-Pontoise, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CERG0130.
Full textComparison of two orogen fronts: (1) the north pyrenean front in the Bas-Languedoc (South of France), (2) the himalayan front in northern Pakistan, is a key to understand the role of the coupling between basement and sedimentary cover in the deformation within the cover at different scales. The Oupia anticline is a fault propagation fold whose geometric evolution during its growth is well represented by the "trishear" model. In this region, the cover is locked to the basement and analysis of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) performed on 66 sites reveals some tectonic fabrics indicative of strong internal strain. On the other hand, seismic sections and maturity of organic compound within the Salt Range and the Potwar basin in northern Pakistan show that the Salt Range is a complex fault bend fold initiated 11 Myr ago. At -5 Myr, activity decreased on the Salt range thrust and decollement folding developped in the piggy-back basin of south Potwar. Magnetic fabrics are poorly evolved indicating that the whole sedimentary cover has been translated with a weak internal deformation. We related this result to the existence of a thick salt layer acting as the major decollement level beneath the south Potwar basin and the Salt range. In the case of a strong coupling we observe the formation of a fault propagation fold with an important internal strain. On the contrary, where the coupling is weak, fault bend and decollement folds are formed. We show an anticorrelation beetwen the magnitude of the displacement of the cover and its degree of internal strain
Bellec, Valérie. "Évolution morphostructurale et morphosédimentaire de la plate-forme aquitaine depuis le Néogène." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12762.
Full textMoulouel, Hakim. "Caractérisation cartographique d'une différenciation verticale et horizontale de la déformation : application à la couverture sédimentaire de la plate-forme ardennaise." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10044.
Full textThe Western Ardennes Paleozoic massif forms the primordial exposure of the Variscan deformation front in Northern France. It includes folded and thrusted units composed of non metamorphic to epi-metamorphic rocks of mostly Devonian-Carboniferous age. Along a Western Ardennes transect imaged by the M146 seismic profile, the thrust front is characterized by a major crustal scale south-dipping thrust zone whose emergence corresponds to the c1assical "Midi" thrust zone. The latter induces the thrusting of the Ardennes-Avesnois fold-and-thrust belt onto the dismembered molassic Namurian-Westphalian coal-bearing foreland basin and its Brabant-type substratum. The main Ardennes basal thrust accommodates a significant part of the motion occuring during a late out-ofsequence event. South of this main thrust, Avesnois area display second order thrust-related folds with a general ENE-WSW trend and a NNW vergence. These structures involve a strongly heterogeneous Iithological sequence. The induced rheological contrasts strongly control the deformation style. New cartographic and structural studies, mainly carried out in the Famennian sequences, allowed us to precise the geometry and kinematics of the fold-thrust structures. As a whole, these data indicate (1) that the thick Incompetent Famennian layers acted as a distributed complex décollement-zone decoupling shortening between the Mid-Devonian and Dinantian layers, (2) that the geometrical folding model demonstrated above early synsedimentary discontinuities corresponds to disharmonic fold types. the folding in the post-Lower Famennian levels occurred by flank rotation around fixed hinge zones. For the lower-Famennian incompetent levels, shortening is accommodated by the presence of several fold hinges in folds hinge zone and by buckling. (3) that the foreland-directed thrust related folds were lately deformed by backwards thrusting, highlighting the overall difficulty of the forward propagation of the thrust front onto the Brabant foreland
Gerbeaud, Olivier. "Evolution structurale du bassin de Tim Mersoï : le rôle des déformations de la couverture sédimentaire sur la mise en place des gisements uranifère du secteur d’Arlit (Niger)." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112352.
Full textThe Arlit U-deposits (Niger), situated in the eastern part of the Tim Mersoï Basin, less tan 50 km from the Air mountains (SE of the Hoggar), are hosted in reduced carboniferous sandstones. U-deposits are low to medium grade concentration, tabular-type, geographically controlled near major faults in the sedimentary cover. The tectonic history of the Tim Mersoï Basin is closely linked to the geodynamical context of Western Africa, since Palaeozoic to Tertiary times, and to the rejuvenation of panafrican major lineaments in the basement. This study confirm the role played by the upper Carboniferous syn-sedimentary tectonics on the sanstones channels architecture. Reduced sandstones channels are favourable zones where concentrate U-ore deposits. Compression that principally occurred from upper Cretaceous, induced the rejuventation of major faults, and conferred at the Tim Mersoï bain its general morphology. During this NW-SE compressionnal event, brittle shear zones had been created in the sedimentary cover, along the NS and almost N30° major faults (sinistral strike-slip motion). We have shown that this brittle fault zones affecting the sedimentary cover, and notably the NS Arlit-In Azawa fault, were the locus of important fluid circulations during the upper Cretaceous event. The Arlit economic U-déposits are located at the intersection between NS/NNE-SSW major brittle faults and sedimentary reduced trapps (sandstones channels)
Torbi, Abdelkrim. "Analyse structurale et etude de la fracturation du socle hercynien et de sa couverture dans les monts du sud-est d'oujda, meseta orientale, maroc." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2104.
Full textCredoz, Anthony. "Réactivité des couvertures argileuses en présence de CO2 en conditions de stockage géologique profond : approche intégrée expérimentation-modélisation." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1747/.
Full textThis study offers a multi-scale vision of complex clayey caprocks reactivity and evolution. These formations are identified for the CO2 containment and sealing into the deep underground reservoir. From the experimental scale on purified clay minerals to integrative modeling at large space and time scales, the strategy developped allowed to identify the main geochemical processes, to check the good agreement between experiment and modeling, and to stress the operational impacts on long-term caprocks integrity. Carbonated cement alteration is likely to open caprock porosity and to create preferential reactive pathway for reactive fluid flow. Clay minerals alteration, including the illitization process, reduces the clay fraction volume but considerably limits the porosity increase. The illitization process in acidic conditions determined experimentally and by modeling at small and large scale, is coupled with silica precipitation. On the fundamental side, new kinetic parameters were determined for clay minerals and highlights new structural transformations. On the operational side, this study contributes to the acquisition of qualitative data (long-term reactive pathways of clayey caprocks, coupled carbonates/clays reactivity) and quantitative data (CO2 penetration distance into the caprock) to improve the performance and safety assessment of CO2 capture and geological storage
Minguely, Bruno. "Caractérisation géométrique 3-D de la couverture sédimentaire méso-cénozoïque et du substratum varisque dans le Nord de la France : apports des données de sondages et des données géophysiques." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Minguely.pdf.
Full textBerbey, Hugues. "Sédimentologie et géochimie de la transition substrat volcanique-couverture sédimentaire de l'atoll de Mururoa (Polynésie Française)." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112259.
Full textMururoa Atoll comprises a sedimentary cover deposited on a volcanic cone whose activity ceased during the Middle Miocene (11MY). The transition between these two masses is composed of a mixture of marine carbonate and basaltic detritus. It has been subdivided into four units according to the depth of the volcanic basement with respect to the morphology and the alteration of the volcano. 1-The peripheral "deep" transition zone include interbedded volcanic flows an exhibit hydrothermal effects. This facies formed during the edification of the volcano (11 MY). 2- The peripheral "intermediate" transition zone have been deposited shortly after the cessation of volcanic activity but still show some hydrothermal effects, notably at their base. 3- The peripheral "superficial" transition zone post date volcanic and hydrothermal acticity. They have been deposited during the subsequent erosion and alteration of the volcanic edifice. 4- The "central" transition zone is thinly developed or totaly absent. They were deposited during the final phase of burial of the residual volcanic island and are the youngest transitional facies studied at Mururoa. Clearly, the sedimentary properties of each of these four units have been determined mainly by the state of alteration of the residual volcanic relief. Their development on volcanic basement is diachronous. Beginning about 11 MY ago, they ceassed to form when volcanic island, following intense subaerial erosion, was finaly buried under carbonate sediment. During this period, their main diagenetic attritbutes were conditioned also by the morphology of the volcanic edifice. The distinction between limestone and dolomite, typical constituants of the transition zone, is an example. The sedimentary and diagenetic evolution has probably been fairly rapid relative to the total life of the volcano. An approximation of the time involved assumes a subsidence rate of 1,5 mm/year, this indicating a period of about 200000 years for the development of the transition along the NE slope of the atoll until final burial of its residual central culmination
Fougeron, Jérôme. "Effondrement et affaissement des mines de fer en Lorraine : rôle de la couverture et de la morphologie." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL023N/document.
Full textThe events which have occurred in the lorrain iron basin during this last decade came to underline problems generated by mining industrial cessation and concession surrender like people or goods security. In this study, we studied the role which can play the geomorphology on the mechanical behaviour of overburden in relation with the violent collapse and progressive subsidence phenomena. We have examined valley and tray situations with the presence of vertical fractures and postponed valley situation through 2D (UDEC) and 3D (FLAC3D) modelling. Next, we simulated the fracture development in a mine pillar through a continue (FLAC) and discontinue (PFC) approach. These numerical modellings allow to apprehend the overburden role in a concern for hazard zone control
Burbaud-Vergneaud, Michelle. "Fracturation et interactions socle-couverture : le seuil du Poitou : données géologiques, données de la télédétection infrarouge thermique." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2265.
Full textChabani, Arezki. "Analyse méthodologique et caractérisation multi-échelle des systèmes de fractures à l’interface socle/couverture sédimentaire – application à la géothermie (bassin de Valence, SE France)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM046.
Full textThe Valence basin is a graben located in the Rhodanian corridor which belongs to the ECRIS system, and is the subject of many studies due to its geothermal potential. In response to its a multiphase history, fracture networks of the basement and sedimentary cover which are targeted for geothermal exploitation show a complex organization. This study aims to characterize facture networks organization in the Valence basin. It is based on seismic and borehole data in the basin, as well as geological maps, digital elevation model (DEM) and outcrops on the Ardèche margin. Two methodological studies were developed to characterize the orientation and length distributions. These methods allowed to determine fracture network modelling parameters, and highlighted a structural heritage but also a detachment between the basement and the cover
Hubert, Gaëtan. "Réactivité expérimentale au CO2 de roches d'une couverture argileuse et d'un réservoir carbonaté du bassin de Paris." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00390771.
Full textLazarre, Joëlle. "Modélisation 3D de l'interface socle varisque - couverture alpine dans le massif du Pelvoux (Hautes Alpes, France) : tectonique des socles et des bassins à la limite secondaire - tertiaire." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00614882.
Full textTannouch, Bennani Souad. "Paléolacs plio-quaternaires et leurs couvertures sédimentaires récentes (Souss Central, Maroc)." Nancy 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN21024.
Full textThe middle part of the Souss plain, on both sides the eponymic main stream, is characterized by the existence of large evident sedimentary structures in the global morphology which are the large atlasic and anti-atlasic alluvial fans, the alluvial terraces and fields of dunes which reinstall in occasion of long drought. Except these sedimentary structures, the detection of a lakeside system remains rather difficult. The indicators of the existence of palaeolakes or palaeoplayas limit themselves to the planar aspect of certain parts of the Souss plain, to the conservation or not of the Argan forest, but especially in the existence of calcareous benches at the base the oued's left bank. The Souss lain was commanded by a tectonic activity bounded to the recurrent faulting of inherited faults, as weil in the basin as in the plain, and in a subsidence which probably continues. Two generations at least of Plio-Villafranchian palaeolakes were established within the depression. Their summit was covered by the deposits of terraces of the oued Souss, by the deposits of the High atlasic's and the Anti-atlasic's alluvial fans distal deposits and by dune fields. The wet limate in regular precipitations which reigned over the Souss plain during the Plio-Villafranchian left place to a succession of paleoclimates responsible of major notches and construction of new generations of alluvial fans on High-atlsic's and Anti-atlasic's piedmonts; the Anti-atlasic's piedmonts were drier and have allowed the installation of dunes. More wet and more dry phases altemate undoubtless during aIl the Quaternary. The unique phases identified here are situated within the "Tardi-Soltanian" and the Upper Holocene. The last phase of increasing aridity settled down since the Upper Holocene until the Current, and was interrupted by wetter episodes. The anthropological action has stressed many aridification aspects: prolonged oued drying, gulliying, fall of phreatic water-table. The Souss epression which saw lakes developing over more than 1000 km2 during PlioVillafranchian and which was yesterday even the larder of the Saâdians (sugar cane culture) offers today sorne land drought aspects
Gourlay, Pierre. "Chevauchements et décrochements alpins aux limites du massif du Mont Blanc (Alpes occidentales)." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00644149.
Full textMulder, Thierry. "Aspects géotechniques de la stabilité des marges continentales : application à la baie des Anges (Nice, France)." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1992_MULDER_T.pdf.
Full textJobard, Emmanuel. "Modélisation expérimentale du stockage géologique du CO2 : étude particulière des interfaces entre ciment de puits, roche reservoir et roche couverture." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0013/document.
Full textIn the framework of the CO2 storage, it is crucial to ensure the integrity of the solicited materials in order to guarantee the permanent confinement of the sequestrated fluids. Using experimental simulation the purpose of this work is to study the mechanisms which could be responsible for the system destabilization and could lead CO2 leakage from the injection well. The first experimental model, called COTAGES allows studying the effects of the thermal destabilisation caused by the injection of a fluid at 25°C in a hotter reservoir (submitted to the geothermal gradient). This device allows demonstrating an important matter transfer from the cold area (30°C) toward the hot area (100°C). These results highlight the importance of the injection temperature on the injectivity properties and on the possible petrophysical evolutions of the near well. The second model, called ?Sandwich?, allow studying the behaviour of the interface between caprock (COX argillite) and well cement. Indeed, interfaces between the different rock and the well materials represent a weakness area (differential reactivity, fracturing?). Batch experiments carried out with this device in presence of CO2 show the fracturing of the interface caused by the early carbonation of the cement. The third experimental model, called MIRAGES is an innovative device which allows injecting continuously CO2 in a core sample. Samples made of Lavoux limestone and well cement reproduce the injection well at 1/20 scale. Results show a partial filling of the inter-oolithic porosity close to the injection well, and also the carbonation of the cement according to an assemblage of calcite/aragonite
Jaillet, Stéphane. "Un Karst couvert de bas-plateau : le Barrois : structure, fonctionnement, évolution." Bordeaux 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR30036.
Full textOuar, Sadia. "Caractérisation spatio-temporelle du couvert végétal des zones à mascareignite des hauts de l'île de la Réunion." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30062.
Full textRicardo, Rhenals Garrido David. "Impact de l'interaction CO2 supercritique/H2O sur la structure poreuse et les propriétés de transport d'un analogue de roche de couverture des sites de stockage géologique du CO2." Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs (Saint-Etienne), 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENISE027.
Full textCO₂geological storage is considered as a technique which reduces large quantities of CO₂rejeted in the atmosphere because of many human activities. The effectiveness of this technique is mainly related to the storage capacity as well as its safety. The safety of this operation is primarily based on the conservation of petro-physical properties of the caprock, which prevents CO₂migration towards the surface. However, when CO₂reaches the reservoir / caprock interface due to buoyancy effects, the interaction between interstitial fluid and injected fluid creates a serie of geochemical reactions affecting the properties of containment of the caprock, which is generally characterized by low transport properties. This work aims to evaluate the geochemical impact of supercritical CO₂/H₂O interaction on the porous structure and transport properties by using a combined experimental and modeling approach. Batch experiments at representatives storage geological conditions have conducted for 6. 87 months. The assessment changes of the porous structure and the transport properties of the samples before and after degradation have been conducted by gas adsorption techniques. Porous structure and transport properties analysis have been conducted by using classical thermodynamics models and probabilistic approaches. The results suggest an overall increase of the porous volume of the samples during all degradation experiment. Otherwise, the serults obtained by the probabilistic approach suggest that the increase of the samples porous volume was not correlated with a permeability increase. The geochemical modeling interpretation of the degradation experiments suggests that a combination of dissolution and precipitation reactions was the primarily cause of this phenomenon. Finally, the evolution of the porous volume of our samples has been correctly predicted by geochemical modeling suggesting that the increase of the porous volume was mainly consequence of calcite dissolution
Bachaud, Pierre. "Stockage du CO₂ dans les aquifères profonds : Etude en conditions réelles des propriétés de confinement des roches de couverture et de leur altération." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL084N/document.
Full textA promising solution to reduce anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse effect gases consists in the injection and long-term storage of a part of the industrial carbon dioxide discharges in underground formations. These formations must be composed of a reservoir surrounded by tight caprocks, which represent the first barrier preventing fluids migration. The characterization of their confining properties and of their evolution in presence of CO2 is thus a key element regarding a storage site security. This work presents a methodology allowing the measurement of caprocks transport parameters and the consequences of an alteration under representative conditions of deep aquifers storage. This methodology was applied to carbonate rocks from the Paris basin. The breakthrough pressure, the diffusion coefficient of CO2 dissolution products, and the permeability, controlling parameters of leakage mechanisms, were measured before and after alteration of the materials by reaction with a CO2-saturated brine under reservoir thermodynamic conditions (about 80°C and 100 bar). Results revealed a satisfactory global behaviour under these aggressive conditions, but also a strong diminution of the confinement potential in presence of initial structural faults (sealed fractures, large-diameter pores…) forming higher-permeability zones. A numeric simulation describing the evolution of a homogeneous rock formation during 1000 years was also realized based on parameters directly measured or obtained by modelling of the alteration experiments. It showed that the transformations brought by the CO2 storage under a rock formation with no initial faults remain very localized spatially
Berthe, Guillaume. "Évolution des propriétés de confinement des roches-couvertures type argilite soumises à des fluides enrichis en CO2 : impact des discontinuités naturelles et artificielles." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795668.
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