Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cover crop

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Cover crop'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Cover crop"

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Hmielowski, Tracy. "Cover Crop Mixtures." Crops & Soils 50, no. 3 (May 2017): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/cs2017.50.0318.

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Skroch, Walter A. "ORCHARD GROUND COVER MANAGEMENT AFFECTS TREE FRUIT PRODUCTION." HortScience 28, no. 5 (May 1993): 496a—496. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.496a.

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Studies indicate that growth of apple and peach trees and yield of apple fruit is affected by ground cover management. Living ground covers compete with trees for water and nutrients, but bare ground (clean culture) results in soil compaction, increased runoff and erosion, and poor maneuverability of equipment. Competition between orchard trees and living ground covers is a factor in tree growth, timing of the first crop year, and fruit yield and quality. Certain grasses tend to be more competitive than broadleaf ground covers. Cool-season grasses (bluegrass, orchardgrass, tall fescue) under Red Delicious and Golden Delicious apples were shown to reduce soil moisture levels, reduce fruit yield and size, and delay fruit maturity. Various vegetative ground cover systems (strip cover, cover crop, herbicide no-till) and ground cover types can be utilized to reduce soil erosion and maintain soil structure, while at the same time reduce competition with trees and optimize crop yield and quality.
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Weston, Leslie A. "Cover Crop and Herbicide Influence on Row Crop Seedling Establishment in No-Tillage Culture." Weed Science 38, no. 2 (March 1990): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500056320.

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The establishment and management of nine cover crops in Kentucky production systems were evaluated in field experiments over a 2-yr period. ‘Wheeler’ rye, ‘Barsoy’ barley, and ‘Tyler’ wheat cereal grains produced greater biomass (180 to 260 g/m2) than the pasture species tall fescue, creeping red fescue, and white clover (55 to 110 g/m2). ‘Kentucky 31’ tall fescue, creeping red fescue, and white clover proved most difficult to control, and significant regrowth occurred regardless of herbicide or rate applied. HOE-39866 (1.7 kg ai/ha) was effective in rapidly controlling all cover crops except tall fescue by 30 days after application. Sethoxydim and fluazifop (0.4 and 0.3 kg ai/ha, respectively) effectively controlled the cereals and two ryegrass species. Glyphosate applied at 1.1 and 2.2 kg ai/ha was also effective, while 0.6 kg ai/ha controlled only cereal grain growth adequately. After chemical control, pasture grass plots contained fewest weeds/m2with some reductions likely due to density and regrowth of the sods. Cover crops were effective in suppressing weed growth at 45 days after chemical control. However, significant weed growth existed in all cover crop plots by 60 days after kill. Row crop establishment increased linearly with increasing glyphosate rate. Cereal grain covers provided the most compatible planting situations for greatest seedling establishment, with rye and wheat providing greatest weed suppression. Generally, increased weed suppression provided by a cover crop was accompanied by reduced row crop establishment, with greatest reductions observed in pasture grass plots. Cucumber was most easily established while snap pea was most difficult.
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London, Howard, David J. Saville, Charles N. Merfield, Oluwashola Olaniyan, and Stephen D. Wratten. "The ability of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) to penetrate mesh crop covers used to protect potato crops against tomato potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli)." PeerJ 8 (August 7, 2020): e9317. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9317.

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In Central and North America, Australia and New Zealand, potato (Solanum tuberosum) crops are attacked by Bactericera cockerelli, the tomato potato psyllid (TPP). ‘Mesh crop covers’ which are used in Europe and Israel to protect crops from insect pests, have been used experimentally in New Zealand for TPP control. While the covers have been effective for TPP management, the green peach aphid (GPA, Myzus persicae) has been found in large numbers under the mesh crop covers. This study investigated the ability of the GPA to penetrate different mesh hole sizes. Experiments using four sizes (0.15 × 0.15, 0.15 × 0.35, 0.3 × 0.3 and 0.6 × 0.6 mm) were carried out under laboratory conditions to investigate: (i) which mesh hole size provided the most effective barrier to GPA; (ii) which morph of adult aphids (apterous or alate) and/or their progeny could breach the mesh crop cover; (iii) would leaves touching the underside of the cover, as opposed to having a gap between leaf and the mesh, increase the number of aphids breaching the mesh; and (iv) could adults feed on leaves touching the cover by putting only their heads and/or stylets through it? No adult aphids, either alate or apterous, penetrated the mesh crop cover; only nymphs did this, the majority being the progeny of alate adults. Nymphs of the smaller alatae aphids penetrated the three coarsest mesh sizes; nymphs of the larger apterae penetrated the two coarsest sizes, but no nymphs penetrated the smallest mesh size. There was no statistical difference in the number of aphids breaching the mesh crop cover when the leaflets touched its underside compared to when there was a gap between leaf and mesh crop cover. Adults did not feed through the mesh crop cover, though they may have been able to sense the potato leaflet using visual and/or olfactory cues and produce nymphs as a result. As these covers are highly effective for managing TPP on field potatoes, modifications of this protocol are required to make it effective against aphids as well as TPP.
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Johnson, Gregg A., Michael S. Defelice, and Zane R. Helsel. "Cover Crop Management and Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)." Weed Technology 7, no. 2 (June 1993): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00027834.

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Field experiments were conducted in central Missouri in 1989 and 1990 to evaluate weed control practices in conjunction with cover crops and cover management systems in reduced tillage corn. There was no difference in weed control among soybean stubble, hairy vetch, and rye soil cover when averaged over cover management systems and herbicide treatments. However, mowed hairy vetch and rye covers provided greater weed control in the no-till plots than soybean stubble when no herbicide was used. Differences in weed control among cover management systems were reduced or eliminated when a PRE herbicide was applied. corn population and height were reduced by hairy vetch and rye soil cover. Corn grain yield was reduced in rye plots both years. There was no difference in grain yield between tilled and no-till plots.
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Smith, Richard G., Nicholas D. Warren, and Stéphane Cordeau. "Are cover crop mixtures better at suppressing weeds than cover crop monocultures?" Weed Science 68, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2020.12.

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AbstractCover crops are increasingly being used for weed management, and planting them as diverse mixtures has become an increasingly popular strategy for their implementation. While ecological theory suggests that cover crop mixtures should be more weed suppressive than cover crop monocultures, few experiments have explicitly tested this for more than a single temporal niche. We assessed the effects of cover crop mixtures (5- or 6-species and 14-species mixtures) and monocultures on weed abundance (weed biomass) and weed suppression at the time of cover crop termination. Separate experiments were conducted in Madbury, NH, from 2014 to 2017 for each of three temporal cover-cropping niches: summer (spring planting–summer termination), fall (summer planting–fall termination), and spring (fall planting–subsequent spring termination). Regardless of temporal niche, mixtures were never more weed suppressive than the most weed-suppressive cover crop grown as a monoculture, and the more diverse mixture (14 species) never outperformed the less diverse mixture. Mean weed-suppression levels of the best-performing monocultures in each temporal niche ranged from 97% to 98% for buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) in the summer niche and forage radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. niger J. Kern.) in the fall niche, and 83% to 100% for triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus [Secale × Triticum]) in the winter–spring niche. In comparison, weed-suppression levels for the mixtures ranged from 66% to 97%, 70% to 90%, and 67% to 99% in the summer, fall, and spring niches, respectively. Stability of weed suppression, measured as the coefficient of variation, was two to six times greater in the best-performing monoculture compared with the most stable mixture, depending on the temporal niche. Results of this study suggest that when weed suppression is the sole objective, farmers are more likely to achieve better results planting the most weed-suppressive cover crop as a monoculture than a mixture.
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Hmielowski, Tracy. "Diversifying Cover Crop Mixtures." CSA News 62, no. 5 (May 2017): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/csa2017.62.0518.

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Lin, Erika Y., Daniel Rosa, Mehdi Sharifi, Michael J. Noonan, and Miranda Hart. "The Relationship Between Cover Crop Species and Soil Fungal Communities in Irrigated Vineyards in the Okanagan Valley, Canada." Agronomy 14, no. 12 (November 28, 2024): 2835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14122835.

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Many techniques adopted by annual crop growers, addressing challenges such as disease, are not viable for perennial systems. Groundcover vegetation can be employed as a natural method for increasing soil health and perennial plant performance; however, cover crop species may differ in the plant–soil feedback effects that modulate the rhizosphere. To investigate the relationship between cover crop identity and soil microbial composition and to determine potential impacts of cover crop species on pathogen occurrence in perennial systems, we characterized the fungal communities in soil sampled from nine cover crop species used for under-vine groundcover at three separate Okanagan vineyards. Soil characteristics, particularly available phosphorus levels, varied significantly among sites, with SuRDC at 39.9 ppm, Covert at 140.1 ppm, and Kalala at 276.2 ppm. Of 1876 fungal species, SuRDC showed lower richness and diversity. A random forest model classified samples by site with 98.4% accuracy (p < 0.001), but cover crop classification was minimal (2.4% accuracy). Phacelia had significantly lower variance in Shannon’s (p = 2.35×10−7) and Simpson’s diversity (p = 3.59×10−12). Crescendo ladino clover had simpler fungal networks than buckwheat, with a negative correlation between fungal species count and co-occurrence affinity across cover crops (p < 0.001). We found that within sites, soil fungal communities did not vary greatly in composition and measures of community structure, regardless of cover crop identity. Nectriaceae were abundant across all samples, suggesting that cover crops may recruit certain fungal pathogens. Soil fungal communities were distinct across sites, indicating that site-specific conditions may play a larger role in shaping soil fungal communities in BC vineyards than cover crop–microbe interactions and that cover crops do not have consistent short-term (<1 year) effects on soil fungi across sites. Altogether, this research encourages careful consideration of both groundcover species and site-specific conditions when using cover crops in perennial agriculture.
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Stamps, Robert H. "Cold Protection of Leatherleaf Fern in Shadehouses Using Water and Crop Covers." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 808A—808. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.808a.

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Six shadehouses were used in tests of irrigation rates and crop covers for cold-protecting leatherleaf fern [Rumohra adiantiformis (Forst) Ching]. Each shadehouse was equipped with two irrigation systems—one over-the-crop to supply heat and one over-the-shadehouse to supply water for sealing the openings in the shade fabric with ice. The over-the-crop irrigation system consisted of frost protection wedge-drive impact sprinklers providing water application rates of 0.30, 0.56, and 0.76 cm/h. Six-m × 9-m spunbonded polypropylene crop covers weighing 20 and 51 g·m–2 were tested. During radiation freezes, all water application rates protected immature fronds from damage. Damage during advective freezes decreased with increasing water application rate, but, even when crop covers were used in conjunction with irrigation, some damage still occurred. Temperatures under the lighter-weight cover were higher than under the heavier-weight one, probably because more water passed through the lighter cover to the crop. Water application rates had no effect on frond yield.
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Price, Duzy, McElroy, and Li. "Evaluation of Organic Spring Cover Crop Termination Practices to Enhance Rolling/Crimping." Agronomy 9, no. 9 (September 6, 2019): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090519.

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With organic farming hectarage and cover crop interest increasing throughout the United States, effectively timed cover crop termination practices are needed that can be utilized in organic conservation tillage production systems. Four commercially available termination treatments approved by Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI) were evaluated, immediately following mechanical termination with a cover crop roller/crimper and compared to a synthetic herbicide termination to access termination rates. Treatments included rolling/crimping followed by (1) 20% vinegar solution (28 L a.i. ha−1 acetic acid), (2) 2.5 L a.i. ha−1 45% cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum L.) oil (cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, eugenol acetate)/45% clove oil (eugenol, acetyl eugenol, caryophyllene) mixture, (3) 0.15 mm clear polyethylene sheeting applied with edges manually tucked into the soil for 28 days over the entire plot area (clear plastic), (4) broadcast flame emitting 1100 °C applied at 1.2 k/h (flame), (5) glyphosate applied at 1.12 kg a.i. ha−1 (this non-OMRI-approved, non-organic conservation tillage cover crop termination standard practice was included to help ascertain desiccation, regrowth, and economics), and (6) a non-treated control. Five cover crop species were evaluated: (1) hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), (2) crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), (3) cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), (4) Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L.), and (5) rape (Brassica napus L.). Three termination timings occurred at four-week intervals beginning mid-March each year. In April or May, organic producers are most likely to be successful using a roller crimper as either a broadcast flamer for terminating all winter covers evaluated, or utilizing clear plastic for hairy vetch, winter peas, and cereal rye. Ineffectiveness and regrowth concerns following cover crop termination in March are substantial. Commercially available vinegar and cinnamon/clove oil solutions provided little predictable termination, and producers attempting to use these OMRI-approved products will likely resort to cover crop incorporation, or mowing, to terminate covers if no other practice is readily available.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cover crop"

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Munda, Bruce, Tim C. Knowles, Art Meen, Vic Wakimoto, and Bill Worthy. "Winter Forage Cover Crop Trials." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208283.

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Several crops were evaluated at Worthy farms, near Marana, AZ, Wakimoto farms, Mohave Valley, near Bullhead City, AZ, and the Tucson Plant Materials Center for use as a winter cover crop following cotton with potential to reduce wind erosion and produce one to two hay cuttings. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), 'Lana' woolypod vetch (Vicia villosa ssp. varia), 'Papago' pea (Pisum sativum), and 'Biomaster' pea (Pisum sativum) were sown at the Tucson Plant Materials Center. Species sown at Worthy farm were: Papago pea, Lana vetch, and Biomaster pea. Species sown at Wakimoto farm were: Biomaster pea, Lana vetch, 'Seco' barley (Hordeum vulgare), and 'Multi-cut' berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum). Forage yield varied between locations due to sowning date, number of irrigations, and soil textures. Biomaster pea, Papago pea, and Lana vetch performed well at all three locations. However, Biomaster yields were more consistent and due to its shorter growing season may be the better choice as a winter cover between cotton crops. Additional trials are scheduled for the fall of 1998.
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Ess, Daniel R. "Cover crop residue effects on machine-induced soil compaction." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-164819/.

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Arnet, Kevin Broc. "Cover crops in no-tillage crop rotations in eastern and western Kansas." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4086.

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Christenson, Andi Marie. "Cover crops for horseweed [Conyza canadensis (L.)] control before and during a soybean crop." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19230.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Agronomy<br>J. Anita Dille<br>Kraig Roozeboom<br>Increasing numbers of herbicide-resistant weed species require alternative methods of weed suppression to be examined. This study quantified the interaction between various cover crop or herbicide systems and horseweed [Conyza canadensis (L.)] growth. Fall cover crops of winter wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.)], winter rye [Secale cereal (L.)], barley [Hordeum vulgare (L.)] and annual ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum (L.)] were seeded in November 2012 and 2013. Spring cover crop of oat [Avena sativa (L.)] was seeded in April 2013 or rye was seeded in March 2014. All cover crops were no-till seeded into grain sorghum stubble [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Four herbicide treatments were fall or spring applied, with and without residual. The spring non-residual treatment was also applied to plots of winter rye. Cover crop plots were split and terminated with a roller crimper or glyphosate application prior to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] planting to determine the effect of termination method on treatment performance. Soybean was planted in June 2013 and May 2014 and mechanically harvested in October of both years. Horseweed density, biomass accumulation, and soybean yield data were quantified. Horseweed height, whole plant seed production, and seed subsamples were recorded in the untreated fallow control, winter wheat, and winter rye plots in 2014. Horseweed suppression by winter rye approached 90%, levels similar to suppression by herbicide systems. In both years, herbicide plots had less than half the horseweed biomass than any of the cover crop systems. In 2013, soybean yields in herbicide plots were at least 1,500 kg ha[superscript]-1, nearly more than double yields in cover crop plots. Soybean yields in 2014 were more consistent across treatments; barley and spring rye plots achieved yields equal to or greater than 2,000 kg ha[superscript]-1. Winter rye and winter wheat reduced horseweed seed production by 60% compared to the untreated fallow control, with no effect on individual seed weight. Seed production varied across plants, with the untreated control producing the greatest number of seeds. Cover crops were successful at reducing horseweed biomass, suppressing horseweed pressure, preserving soybean biomass, and protecting soybean yields when compared to a fallow untreated control.
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Davis, Cathryn Joyce. "Cover crops for soil health and forage." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34537.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Agronomy<br>DeAnn R. Presley<br>Cover crops have numerous benefits and while cover crops have been used for centuries, currently there are few producers in Kansas growing them and so there is a need for additional research on how cover crops affect soil properties, and on the potential for utilizing cover crops as forage. Two studies are presented in this thesis. The first study evaluated the use of cover crops in a vegetable production system as compared to a fully tilled control. This study evaluated soil physical properties in the form of wet aggregate stability and infiltration, and microbial properties by soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC). Over the three year study, the most pronounced differences observed were in the wet aggregate stability between the cover crop and control treatments where the cover crop treatments had better soil aggregation compared to the control. At the conclusion of the study, there was not a difference between fall and spring planted cover crop treatments. The second study evaluates species composition and forage quality of various combinations of multi-species cover crop mixtures. This study evaluated sixteen treatments, each consisting of a three-way mixture of a brassica (turnip or radish), grass (rye, wheat, barley, oat), and a legume (berseem clover or Austrian winter pea). Species composition analysis found that the brassica species dominated the mixtures (60-80% by mass on a dry weight basis) in 2014 while the grass species were dominant (62 – 67%) in 2015. Overall all treatments produced prime quality forage (as compared to hay values), however some treatments cost significantly more to plant than others. Therefore an economic analysis compared the treatments and found that the treatments containing turnips and oats generally provided the best return on investment given that both of these species were among the cheapest to plant and produced moderate to high biomass compared to the other treatments. The results of these projects point to the potential benefits that cover crops can have for producers interested in improving soil or utilizing cover crops for forage.
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Kern, James D. "Water Quality Impacts of Cover Crop/Manure Management Systems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40385.

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Crop production, soil system, water quality, and economic impacts of four corn silage production systems were compared through a field study including 16 plots (4 replications of each treatment). Systems included a rye cover crop and application of liquid dairy manure in the spring and fall. The four management systems were: 1) traditional, 2) double-crop, 3) roll-down, and 4) undercut. In the fourth system, manure was applied below the soil surface during the undercutting process. In all other systems, manure was surface-applied. In the third system, the rye crop was flattened with a heavy roller after manure application. Simulated rainfall was applied within 48 h of manure application. Measured constituent concentrations in runoff were compared with water quality criteria. Costs and returns of all systems were compared. The undercut system reduced loadings of all nutrients, but increased total suspended solids (TSS) concentration as compared with all other systems. The mean volume of runoff from the undercut system was less than half that from any other system, which influenced all constituent loadings. Mean TSS concentration in runoff from the undercut system was over three times the mean of any other system. The roll-down system had no significant effect on water quality as compared to the traditional system. The undercut system was reasonably effective in keeping phosphate phosphorus levels below the criterion set for bathing water. None of the systems generally exceeded nitrate nitrogen concentration criteria. However, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, fecal coliform and e. coli criteria for drinking, bathing, shellfish harvest, and aesthetics were regularly exceeded by all of the systems. There were no differences among the treatments in effects on bacterial concentrations. The double-crop system produced significantly higher net returns than all other systems only if the value of the rye crop was $92.31/Mg or more. There were no significant differences in net returns of the traditional, roll-down, or undercut systems.<br>Ph. D.
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Abel, David Scott. "Cover crop effects on soil moisture and water quality." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34650.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Agronomy<br>Nathan O. Nelson<br>Eutrophication of freshwater lakes and streams is linked to phosphorus (P) fertilizer loss from agriculture. Cover crops could help mitigate P loss but producers are concerned that they may use too much water. This study was conducted to better understand the effects cover crops have on soil moisture and P loss. Volumetric water content (θ) was measured at the Kansas Cover Crop Water Use research area at 10 depths throughout a 2.74 m soil profile in 5 cover crop treatments and compared to θ measured from a chemical fallow control. Total profile soil moisture in sorghum sudangrass (1.02 m) and forage soybean (1.03 m) did not significantly differ from chemical fallow (1.05 m) at the time of spring planting. However, water deficits were observed in double-crop soybean (1.01 m), crimson clover (0.99 m), and tillage radish (0.99 m). At the Kansas Agricultural Watersheds, runoff was collected and analyzed for total suspended solids, total P, and DRP from 6 cover crop/fertilizer management treatments over two years. In the first water year the cover crop reduced runoff, sediment, and total P loss by 16, 56, and 52% respectively. There was a significant cover by fertilizer interaction for DRP loss. When P fertilizer was broadcasted in the fall with a cover crop, DRP loss was reduced by 60% but was unaffected in the other two P fertilizer treatments. Results were different in the second water year. The cover crop reduced sediment loss (71% reduction), as was seen in year one, but neither the cover crop nor the fertilizer management had a significant effect on runoff volume or total P loss overall. Contrary to the 2014-2015 results, cover crop increased DRP load by 48% in 2015-2016. DRP load was 2 times greater in the fall broadcast treatment than it was in the spring injected treatment but there was not a significant fertilizer by cover crop interaction. In order to determine the long term effects of cover crops and P fertilizer management P loss parameters should be tracked for several more years.
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Collins, Amanda Shea. "Leguminous cover crop fallows for the suppression of weeds." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0007018.

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Wang, Guangyao (Sam), and Kurt Noite. "Summer Cover Crop Use in Arizona Vegetable Production Systems." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/147024.

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4 pp.<br>Summer cover crops can add nitrogen to the soil, build up and maintain soil organic matter, suppress pest populations, mitigate soil erosion, and reduce nutrient leaching when they are used in Arizona vegetable systems. However, careful management is required since cover crops can modify the availability of soil nitrogen and other critical nutrients. The ratio between carbon to nitrogen (C:N) in decomposing cover crop biomass is a critical indicator of the overall process of breakdown and eventual release of nutrients. This article introduces five cover crops that could improve vegetable systems in Arizona. The mixtures of a legume and a non-legume cover crop species can also be planted to obtain desired C:N ratios to optimize the benefits of cover crops.
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GABBRIELLI, MARA. "MEASURING AND MODELLING COVER CROP GROWTH AND AGRONOMIC EFFECTS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2434/949531.

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Cover crops are cultivated during the bare soil period between the harvest of a cash crop and the sowing of the next one. Their cultivation puts into effect the permanent soil organic cover principle of conservation agriculture and exerts several agro-ecological services, among which the most relevant are nitrate leaching reduction, weed growth control, soil organic matter increase, soil structure and water infiltration improvement. In temperate climates when crop rotations include summer cash crops (such as maize or soybean), autumn-winter cover crops are sown between late July and October and terminated from March to April of the following year. When sown in autumn, frost-sensitive cover crops may also be terminated efficiently by frost damage: this termination method is frequently called ‘winterkill’. Black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) and white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) are two of the most interesting and widespread frost-sensitive cover crops due to their adaptability to various environmental conditions and cropping systems. Even if these species are widely adopted as cover crops, there is a lack of information concerning both crop management and agronomic effects, as well as winterkill termination occurrence frequency and efficiency in temperate climates. Dynamic cropping systems simulation models can be used to determine crop management scenarios convenience for a wide range of weather and soil conditions, while the field trial assessments require large resource investments. However, the application of a simulation model to white mustard and black oat cover crops presents several knowledge gaps, as the limited number of studies focused on winterkilled cover crops growth and agronomic effects carried out in northern Italy. Furthermore, an integrated simulation model dealing both with cover crop growth and winterkill termination, and its consequent effect on the crop-soil system, including cover crop residue degradation on soil surface, is lacking. This work aimed at representing, within the ARMOSA cropping system model framework, frost sensitive cover crop species growth, development, and agronomic effects by enriching the simulation model with two additional modules, dealing respectively with winterkill events and cover crop superficial residue decomposition. The model was calibrated for white mustard and black oat cover crops using experimental data deriving both from a three-year field trial, from a commercial field monitoring campaign and from previous experiments, carried out in the region of interest. During the three-year field trial, white mustard, black oat and their mixture with purple vetch (Vicia benghalensis L.) have demonstrated a good aboveground biomass production potential (2-3 t DM ha-1), particularly when planted before the first half of September. Their nitrogen uptake (45 kg N ha-1 on average, up to 148 kg N ha-1) follows the biomass accumulation patterns, while their weed species control ability has proven to be consistently high. Overall, the improved ARMOSA model correctly simulated these species development (RRMSE equal to 27.3 and 29.5% respectively for black oat and white mustard), as well as soil water content and temperature (RRMSE equal to 8.4% and 19.2%). The employment of the new ARMOSA version to simulate black oat and white mustard cultivation, generally improved significantly both aboveground biomass simulation (RRMSE was decreased by 56.3% in comparison to the use of the original model version), leaf area index (RRMSE reduction of 31.6%) and C:N ratio simulations (RRMSE reduction of 8.8%). The convenience of the new model version employment was assessed in a wide range of sites (six sites of several provinces of Lombardy region in northern Italy), pedological conditions (soil textures from sandy-loam to silty-clay), weather conditions (calibration seasons ranged from 2019/2020 to 2021/2022) and management practices (minimum and no till seed bed preparation, slurry application, early and late sowing dates). To summarize, the new model version was able to successfully capture the main crop-related variables trends over time, as well as to correctly reproduce soil water content and temperature dynamic.
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Books on the topic "Cover crop"

1

H, Latos Tomas, ed. Cover crops and crop yields. Hauppauge NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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2

Sarrantonio, Marianne. Northeast cover crop handbook. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Institute, 1994.

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Kroeck, Seth. Soil resiliency and health: Crop rotation and cover cropping on the organic farm. Barre, Mass: NOFA Interstate Council, 2004.

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Anderson, Wilbur C. Benefits of fall-planted cover crops in the Puget Sound row crop production system. [Pullman, Wash.]: Cooperative Extension, Washington State University, 2000.

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Kroeck, Seth. Crop rotation and cover cropping: Soil resiliency and health on the organic farm. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Pub., 2011.

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Montigiani, Nicolas. Crop circles: Evidence of a cover-up. New York, NY: Carnot USA Books, 2003.

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Eilittä, Marjatta, Joseph Mureithi, and Rolf Derpsch, eds. Green Manure/Cover Crop Systems of Smallholder Farmers. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2051-1.

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Ingham, Russ. Columbia root-knot nematode control in potato using crop rotations and cover crops. [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1999.

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Ingham, Russ. Columbia root-knot nematode control in potato using crop rotations and cover crops. [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1999.

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Robert, Sattell, and Oregon State University. Extension Service., eds. Cover crop dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in Western Oregon. [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cover crop"

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Calegari, A. "Cover Crop Management." In Conservation Agriculture, 191–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1143-2_24.

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Komatsuzaki, Masakazu, Takahiro Ito, Tiejun Zhao, and Hajime Araki. "Cover Crop Farming System." In Recycle Based Organic Agriculture in a City, 159–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9872-9_8.

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Reddy, P. Parvatha. "Cover/Green Manure Crops." In Sustainable Intensification of Crop Production, 55–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2702-4_4.

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Anderson, Simon, Sabine Gündel, Barry Pound, and Bernard Triomphe. "6. Research strategies for cover crop innovations." In Cover Crops in Smallholder Agriculture, 93–107. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780442921.006.

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Mkomwa, Saidi, Amir Kassam, Sjoerd W. Duiker, and Nouhoun Zampaligre. "Livestock integration in conservation agriculture." In Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development, 215–29. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0012.

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Abstract Grazing livestock have been presented as an unsurmountable obstacle for Conservation Agriculture (CA) in Africa, because they consume organic cover. But grazing livestock can also make positive contributions to CA, while, if properly managed, sufficient organic cover can be left for soil erosion control and soil health improvement. Urine and manure improve soil fertility and soil health, and increase the agronomic efficiency of fertilizer nutrients. Grazing livestock increase options for crop diversity, such as crop rotations with perennial forages, increased use of cover crops and tree-crop associations. Further, as crop yields improve through application of sustainable intensification methods, greater amounts of above-ground residue become available for livestock nutrition, while greater quantities of below- and above-ground plant residues can be left to improve soil health than are currently returned to the soil. At the same time, in areas where extensive systems are still common, greater amounts of crop residue can be left for soil function because alternative feed sources are available. More research and education on proper integration of livestock in CA in the African context, and successful models of pastoralist-crop farmer collaboration are needed, so both livestock and soil needs can be met.
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Anderson, Simon, Sabine Gündel, Barry Pound, and Bernard Triomphe. "5. Farmer experimentation and diffusion strategies for cover crop innovations." In Cover Crops in Smallholder Agriculture, 79–92. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780442921.005.

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Smith, Hendrik J., Gerhardus Trytsman, and Andre A. Nel. "On-farm experimentation for scaling-out conservation agriculture using an innovation systems approach in the north west province, South Africa." In Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development, 416–30. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0026.

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Abstract A project under the Farmer Innovation Programme (FIP) that aimed to adapt Conservation Agriculture (CA) among grain farmers in South Africa was implemented in a commercial farming area of the North West Province. The following on-farm, collaborative-managed trials produced key findings concerning: (i) plant population densities (high versus low) under CA; (ii) conventional crop systems versus CA crop systems; (iii) the testing and screening of cover crops; (iv) green fallow systems for soil restoration; and (v) livestock integration. Key results from these trials were that the yield of maize was significantly higher under high-density no-till (NT) systems compared to the normal NT systems. The yield of maize in local conventional systems was lower than the yield in NT systems tested on three farmer-managed trials. The screening trial assisted in testing and learning the suitability and the different attributes of a range of cover crops in that area. Cover crop mixtures used as a green fallow system with livestock showed that CA can facilitate the successful restoration of degraded soil.
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Spaeth, Kenneth E. "Cover Crop Dynamics on Hydrology and Erosion." In Soil Health on the Farm, Ranch, and in the Garden, 137–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40398-0_4.

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Nair, Ajay, and Kathleen Delate. "Composting, Crop Rotation, and Cover Crop Practices in Organic Vegetable Production." In Sustainable Development and Biodiversity, 231–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26803-3_11.

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Carsky, Robert J., Mathias Becker, and Stefan Hauser. "Mucuna Cover Crop Fallow Systems: Potential and limitations." In Sustaining Soil Fertility in West Africa, 111–35. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub58.ch6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cover crop"

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Falagas, Alexandros, Olympia Gounari, Christina Karakizi, and Konstantinos Karantzalos. "MAGO Software: Using Copernicus Data For Land Cover/Crop Type Mapping And Crop Water Demand Estimation." In IGARSS 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 1268–72. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10640998.

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Khangarot, Laxman Singh, Vyomika Singh, Gopal Singh Phartiyal, Kundan Rathore, and Dharmendra Singh. "Fractional Crop Cover Estimation Via Drone Imagery and Machine Learning With Color Models." In IGARSS 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 4187–91. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10641416.

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Srivastava, Harsh, and Triloki Pant. "Beyond NDVI: A Proposed Vegetation Cover Index (VCI) for Crop and Vegetation Segregation." In 2024 IEEE India Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (InGARSS), 1–4. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ingarss61818.2024.10984351.

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Koroleva, Polina, Dmitry Rukhovich, Alexey Rukhovich, and Galina Chernousenko. "DETECTION OF AGATE-LIKE SOIL COVER STRUCTURES USING NEURAL NETWORK FILTERING OF BIG REMOTE SENSING DATA." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024, 213–20. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/3.1/s13.26.

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Agate-like soil cover structures (ASCS) of leached chernozems are common in some regions of Russia with a total area of 425 242 km2 (the republics of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan, Orenburg, Samara, and Ulyanovsk regions). The term �agate-like structures� was proposed due to the fact that on remote sensing data they resemble a section of the Timan agate. The structures are formed on loamy and clayey Quaternary sediments with a thickness of 0.5-5 m, overlying Permian sediments (bedrock). It is possible to identify the location of agate-like structures within the framework of the theory of multi-temporal soil line and neural network filtering of big remote sensing data. The distribution of different crop productivity spatially coincides with the ASCS and is determined by the contrasting properties of the soil cover. The degree of influence of ASCS varies for different crops. The maximum differences in yield across ASCS fertility zones were noted for sunflower. The ratio of the yield of the low fertility zone to the high fertility zone within one agricultural field was one to five. The minimum ratio was noted for peas and was four to five. ASCS require specialized agricultural technologies within the framework of precision farming systems.
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Hively, W. Dean, Jyoti Jennewein, Alison Thieme, Brian T. Lamb, Greg McCarty, Steven Mirsky, and Jason Keppler. "Satellite Remote Sensing Analysis to Support Winter Cover Crop Conservation Program Management in Maryland, USA." In IGARSS 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2681–84. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10640620.

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Dawadi, Sujan. "Incidence of red maple tree insect pests in cover crop and non-cover crop production plots." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.112028.

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Ugarova, S. V. "Eggplant culture (Solanum melongena L.) in Siberia." In Problems of studying the vegetation cover of Siberia. TSU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-927-3-2020-39.

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Under Siberian conditions, aubergine (eggplant) is stressed by the difference between region climatic parameter and the thermophilic plant species requirements. Plant selection with reference to the crop botanical species diversity and the full use of worldwide biological characteristic variety and morphological features of plants provides the adaptation of species.
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Cureton, Colin. "Supporting the commercialization, adoption, and scaling of climate-smart winter annual and perennial oilseeds." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/lyjl6277.

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The University of Minnesota Forever Green Initiative (FGI ) is an agricultural innovation platform developing viable, profitable perennial and winter annual crops and cropping systems that will provide “continuous living cover” on the Upper Midwestern agricultural landscape, which can likely improve climate mitigation and adaptation as well as provide other environmental co-benefits relative to conventional summer annual grain systems. Transdisciplinary FGI crop development research teams span genomics, plant breeding, agronomy, natural resource sciences, food science, social sciences, economics, and commercialization. Several of these crops include "cash cover crop" winter oilseeds such as winter camelina and pennycress, and perennial oilseeds such as perennial flax and silphium, which have diverse opportunities in oil markets. While developing the basic and applied science of these crops and cropping systems, FGI is supporting the commercialization, adoption, and scaling of FGI crops in partnership with researchers, growers, industry, policymakers, and communities. For example, early commercial winter camelina production (relay-cropping) and market interest is developing spanning fuel, feed, biopolymers, and food, largely in response to corporate commitments and consumer demand for sustainability, GHG reduction, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and supply chain resilience. Industry has an essential role to play in developing and scaling FGI crops by supporting basic research, contributing in-house expertise and facilities, and creating the market pull needed to move novel continuous living cover crops and cropping systems out onto the landscape and into the market.
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Sawyer, John E., Swetabh Patel, Jose Pantoja, Daniel W. Barker, and John P. Lundvall. "Nitrogen dynamics with a rye cover crop." In Proceedings of the 28th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-284.

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Hartzler, Bob, and Meaghan Anderson. "Cover crops, weeds and herbicides." In Proceedings of the 24th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-150.

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Reports on the topic "Cover crop"

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Nair, Ajay, Brandon H. Carpenter, Jennifer L. Tillman, and Dana L. Jokela. Integrating Cover Crops in High Tunnel Crop Production. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2392.

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Johnson, Bill, Travis Legleiter, Martin Chilvers, Shawn Conley, Anne Dorrance, Anna Freije, Andrew Friskop, et al. Cover Crop Do’s & Don’t’s. United States: Crop Protection Netework, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cpn-20190620-033.

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Fawcett, Jim, Josh Sievers, and Lyle Rossiter. On-Farm Cover Crop Trials. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1469.

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Fawcett, Jim, Tyler Mitchell, Jim Rogers, and Lyle Rossiter. On-Farm Cover Crop Trials. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1581.

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Fawcett, Jim, Tyler Mitchell, Jim Rogers, and Lyle Rossiter. On-Farm Cover Crop Trials. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1633.

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Fawcett, Jim, Tyler Mitchell, Jim Rogers, and Lyle Rossiter. On-Farm Cover Crop Trials. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1679.

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Fawcett, Jim, Josh Sievers, Wayne Roush, and Brian Lang. On-Farm Cover Crop Trials. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-554.

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Fawcett, Jim, Josh Sievers, Wayne Roush, and Brian Lang. On-Farm Cover Crop Trials. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-781.

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Wilson, Kelly R., Mary K. Hendrickson, Ryan Milhollin, J. Alan Weber, and Robert L. Myers. Is the U.S. cover crop seed industry ready to support projected adoption rates? A snapshot of the industry. University of Missouri - Columbia, 2024. https://doi.org/10.32469/10355/106442.

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"In recent years, interest in adoption of cover crops on U.S. farmland has surged in the public and private sectors, as well as with farmers. Cover crops are crops planted to cover the soil and reach different climate and soil health benefits, such as reducing erosion; increasing water availability; and providing weed, pest or disease control; and to enhance biodiversity on a farm (Clark 2015). To promote use of climate-smart practices such as cover crops, the federal government launched new funding programs, including the Partnerships for Climate-Smart Commodities program, which invested $3.1 billion in projects providing financial and technical assistance to farmers and ranchers (USDA 2024). Several private companies have their own initiatives to incentivize farmers to use cover crops (Marston 2022). In their own right, farmers across the country are using cover crops at higher rates to reach specific objectives, such as building soil health and accessing these cover crop incentive payments (SARE, ASTA, and CTIC 2020). With heightened investment--and interest--in cover crop adoption, we are faced with the question of whether the seed industry is prepared to meet the demand for quality cover crop seed. Evidence suggests that farmers currently perceive lack of seed availability as a key constraint to using cover crops (CTIC and SARE 2020). Although this lack points to a potential market opportunity for seed producers and companies, this industry is unique because cover crops are typically considered a noncash crop. Cover crop seed may, therefore, not have the supportive infrastructure available to cash crops such as soybean and corn. To ensure that efforts to extend adoption of cover crops are fruitful, the cover crop seed industry needs to be bolstered and expanded. This paper examines the present state of the cover crop seed industry, drawing from U.S. Census of Agriculture data; literature reviews of academic studies, news reports and white papers; and qualitative interviews conducted with representatives involved in the cover crop seed industry. We interviewed seven individuals who lead or work for seed companies that sell cover crop seed in North America. We asked interviewees to describe how their company operates, from seed production to sales. We then asked for their perspectives on the U.S. cover crop seed industry today, the biggest opportunities and challenges facing the industry, and what policies are programs they see as beneficial or crucial to growing the cover crop seed industry. We conducted qualitative analyses of interview transcripts to draw out key themes and unique perspectives. From these interviews and the above mentioned available information, we seek to provide a baseline for where the U.S. cover crop seed industry is today, in 2024. We start by describing, first, the trajectory of cover crop adoption in the U.S., and then, current drivers. Next, we analyze U.S. agricultural census data to describe our current domestic and imported supply of cover crop seed. We then provide overviews of the cover crop seed production cycle, types of cover crop seed suppliers, and the major players in the industry today. From there, we present key challenges facing the cover crop seed industry today, describe opportunities for the industry to evolve, and discuss future considerations."--Introduction.
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Bowman, Maria, Maroua Afi, Aubree Beenken, Amy Boline, Mary Drewnoski, Fernanda Souza Krupek, Jay Parsons, Daren D. (Daren Dean) Redfearn, Steven Wallander, and Christine Whitt. Cover crops on livestock operations. Washington, D.C.: Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, May 2024. https://doi.org/10.32747/2024.8753779.ers.

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Cover crops can provide environmental benefits, and their use is increasing across the United States. Cover crops can also be costly to implement. The literature suggests that for livestock operations, grazing or harvesting cover crops for forage can be profitable due to the forage benefit. However, a new analysis of Federal data shows that around 14 percent of cattle operations with cropland grew cover crops in 2017. Certain types of cattle operations are more likely to report cover crop use. Dairy and feedlot operations are more than twice as likely to use cover crops as cattle operations overall (33 percent of dairy and 27 percent of feedlot operations), and many operations with cover crops report grazing them or harvesting them for forage. In 2021, 72 percent of dairy operations and 89 percent of cowcalf operations with cover crops reported harvesting or grazing at least some cover crop acreage, which suggests the forage value of cover crops may be a driver of adoption on those operations. Finally, this report discusses the potential for integrating cover crops and livestock systems in the United States (as well as barriers) and presents several research opportunities that could address knowledge gaps
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