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Ompi, Billy N., Unstain N. W. J. Rembet, and Ari B. Rondonuwu. "Coral Reef Conditions of Hogow and Dakokayu Islands Southeast Minahasa Regency." JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX 7, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.7.1.2019.22743.
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This research objective was to determine the condition of Coral Reef ecosystems in Dakokayu and Hogow Islands, Southeast Minahasa Regency. The method that has been used in this studies that is Line Intercept Transect (LIT) by diving activities at 5 meter and 10 meters depth with 50 meters transect length. Each biota passed by the line transect recorded according based on shape of growth.Coral Reefs conditon in Hogow Island in 5 meters and 10 meters depth were categorized as a “Good” where the percentage of live coral cover in 5 meters depth is 70.12% and in 10 meters depth is 55.78%. The condition of Coral Reefs on Dokokayu Island at a depth of 5 meters is categorized “Good” with the percentage of live coral cover is 56.32% while in the 10 meters depth it is categorized as “Medium” with the percentage of live coral cover is 48.10%. Water quality parameters such as temperature, salinity, brightness, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) are within the range of tolerance for Coral Reefs to survive.Keywords: Condition, Coral Reef, Hogow, DokokayuABSTRAKTujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kondisi ekosistem terumbu karang di Pulau Dakokayu dan Pulau Hogow, Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara. Metode yang telah digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Line Intercept Transek (LIT) dengan melakukan penyelaman pada kedalaman 5 dan 10 meter dengan panjang transek 50 meter. Setiap biota yang dilewati transek akan dicatat menurut bentuk pertumbuhannya. Secara umum, kondisi terumbu karang di Pulau Hogow pada kedalaman 5 meter dan 10 meter, dikategorikan Baik dimana persentasi tutupan karang hidup pada kedalaman 5 meter sebesar 70,12% dan pada kedalaman 10 meter sebesar 55,78%. Kondisi terumbu karang di Pulau Dokokayu pada kedalaman 5 meter dikategorikan Baik dengan persentase tutupan karang hidup 56,32% sedangkan di kedalaman 10 meter dikategorikan Sedang dengan persentase tutupan karang hidup 48,10 %. Parameter kualitas perairan seperti suhu, salinitas, kecerahan, pH, dan oksigen terlarut (DO) berada dalam kisaran toleransi bagi terumbu karang untuk dapat bertahan hidup.Kata Kunci : Kondisi, Terumbu Karang, Hogow, Dokokayu
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Fahmi, Fahmi, Supriharyono Supriharyono, and Abdul Ghofar. "HUBUNGAN PERSENTASE TUTUPAN KARANG DENGAN KELIMPAHAN IKAN KARANG DI PULAU MENJANGAN KECIL, KEPULAUAN KARIMUNJAWA, KABUPATEN JEPARA,JAWA TENGAH (Relationship of Coral Cover Percentage with Reef Fishes Abundance in Menjangan Kecil Island, Karimunjawa Island, Jepara)." Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES) 6, no. 4 (July 25, 2018): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/marj.v6i4.21321.
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Ekosistem terumbu karang merupakan kekayaan sumberdaya laut yang memiliki peranan penting dalam mendukung kehidupan berbagai organisme perairan. Salah satu organisme yang memiliki ketergantungan hidup pada terumbu karang adalah ikan karang. Hal ini dikarenakan ikan karang melalui fase hidup sebagian atau seluruhnya di terumbu karang, sehingga terumbu karang menjadi tempat tinggal, tempat mencari makan, tempat berlindung dan tempat berkembang biak. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2017, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui persentase tutupan karang hidup dan kelimpahan ikan. Serta hubungan persentase tutupan karang dengan kelimpahan ikan karang pada sisi Barat dan Timur Pulau Menjangan Kecil kedalaman 1 dan 3 meter. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode observasi lapangan, dengan metode sampling menggunakan transek garis (line transect) pada data karang dan visual census untuk data ikan sepanjang 25m. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Persentase rata-rata tutupan karang yang diperoleh pada kedalaman 1 meter sisi Barat adalah 73,39%, sedangkan pada kedalaman 3 meter adalah 85,97%. Persentase tutupan karang pada kedalaman 1 meter sisi Timur adalah 63,73%, sedangkan pada kedalaman 3 meter adalah 77,61%. Secara keseluruhan kondisi terumbu karang masih tergolong baik. Kelimpahan rata-rata ikan pada sisi Barat kedalaman 1 meter adalah 70 individu/125 m2, sedangkan pada kedalaman 3 meter adalah 232 individu/125 m2. Kelimpahan ikan sisi Timur kedalaman 1 dan 3 meter masing-masing adalah 49 dan 138 individu/125 m2. Hasil perhitungan indeks korelasi secara keseluruhan menghasilkan nilai 0,8415 dengan koefesien determinasi sebesar 0,7081. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pola hubungan persentase tutupan karang dengan kelimpahan ikan karang kuat (signifikan) dan positif (searah). Coral reef ecosystem is a wealth of marine resources that have an important role in supporting the life of various aquatic organisms. One of the organisms that has a living dependence on coral reefs is reef fish. This is because coral fish through a partial or complete life phase on the coral reef, so that coral reefs become a place to live, a place to find food, shelter and breeding ground. The study was conducted in May 2017, with the objective of knowing the percentage of live coral cover and fish abundance. And the correlation of percentage of coral cover with abundance of reef fish on West and East side of Menjangan Kecil Island depth of 1 and 3 meters. The method used is field observation method, with sampling method using line transect on coral data and visual census for fish data along 25m. The results of this study indicate that the average percentage of coral cover obtained at a depth of 1 meter west side is 73.39%, while at a depth of 3 meters is 85.97%. The percentage of coral cover at depth of 1 meter East side is 63,73%, while at depth 3 meter is 77,61%. Overall the condition of coral reefs is still quite good. The average abundance of fish on the west side of 1 meter depth is 70 individuals / 125 m2, while at 3 meters depth is 232 individuals / 125 m2. The abundance of fish on Eastern side, depth of 1 and 3 meters respectively were 49 and 138 individu / 125 m2. Result of calculation of correlation index as a whole yield value 0,8415 with coefficient of determination equal to 0,7081. This shows that the pattern of correlation of percentage of coral cover with abundance of reef fish is strong (significant) and positive (unidirectional).
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Deeks, Roger L. "Meter-Box-Cover Lifter Has Storage Compartment." Opflow 14, no. 10 (October 1988): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8701.1988.tb00495.x.
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Arregui, F. J., J. Soriano, E. Cabrera, and R. Cobacho. "Nine steps towards a better water meter management." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 7 (April 1, 2012): 1273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.009.
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The paper provides a comprehensive perspective of the critical aspects to be taken into account when planning the long-term management of water meters in a utility. In order to facilitate their quick understanding and practical implementation, they have been structured into nine steps. Ranging from an initial audit up to the final periodic meter replacement planning, these steps cover three aspects of the problem – field work, laboratory work and management tasks; and each one is developed in detail paying attention to the particular data needed and noting the practical outcome it will yield.
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Pilant, Andrew, Keith Endres, Daniel Rosenbaum, and Gillian Gundersen. "US EPA EnviroAtlas Meter-Scale Urban Land Cover (MULC): 1-m Pixel Land Cover Class Definitions and Guidance." Remote Sensing 12, no. 12 (June 12, 2020): 1909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12121909.
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This article defines the land cover classes used in Meter-Scale Urban Land Cover (MULC), a unique, high resolution (one meter2 per pixel) land cover dataset developed for 30 US communities for the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) EnviroAtlas. MULC data categorize the landscape into these land cover classes: impervious surface, tree, grass-herbaceous, shrub, soil-barren, water, wetland and agriculture. MULC data are used to calculate approximately 100 EnviroAtlas metrics that serve as indicators of nature’s benefits (ecosystem goods and services). MULC, a dataset for which development is ongoing, is produced by multiple classification methods using aerial photo and LiDAR datasets. The mean overall fuzzy accuracy across the EnviroAtlas communities is 88% and mean Kappa coefficient is 0.84. MULC is available in EnviroAtlas via web browser, web map service (WMS) in the user’s geographic information system (GIS), and as downloadable data at EPA Environmental Data Gateway. Fact sheets and metadata for each MULC community are available through EnviroAtlas. Some MULC applications include mapping green and grey infrastructure, connecting land cover with socioeconomic/demographic variables, street tree planting, urban heat island analysis, mosquito habitat risk mapping and bikeway planning. This article provides practical guidance for using MULC effectively and developing similar high resolution (HR) land cover data.
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Adhiatma, Fachri Nugraha, Doan Perdana, Nachwan Mufti Adriansyah, and Risqi Herlambang Raharjo. "IEEE 802.11ah Network Planning for IoT Smart Meter Application: Case Study in Bandung Area." Journal Pekommas 5, no. 1 (April 24, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30818/jpkm.2020.2050102.
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The growth of Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) technology is so rapid and popular. The technology most widely used for WiFi services is the IEEE 802.11 family of standards. To support the Internet of Things (IoT) era, 802.11ah standard technology has developed, and the standard is intended to provide a low-cost mode of operation, with a wider coverage area, and can support thousands of devices per cell. This paper discusses IEEE 802.11ah Standard Network Planning for the Internet of Things Application (Case Study: Smart Meter Using WiFi.id Network in Bandung), to improve network quality in terms of coverage and capacity to improve the efficiency of the WiFi network and so that it can supports the Internet of Things (IoT) service. Network planning using 802.11ah for the internet of things application with a smart meter case study using the WiFi.id network has been successfully carried out. To cover the entire area of Bandung, 23 sites are required. In the capacity, the Tx slots needed to cover possible smart meters for each site are only 9 tx slots out of a total of 100 tx slots.
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Suryono, Suryono, Edi Wibowo, Raden Ario, Nur Taufiq SPJ, and Ria Azizah. "Kondisi Terumbu Karang Di Pantai Empu Rancak Kabupaten Jepara." Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 21, no. 1 (April 3, 2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v21i1.2301.
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Abstract Coral Reef Condition In Coastal Waters of Empu Rancak, Mlonggo, Regency of Jepara Empu Rancak coastal waters in Karanggondang village, Mlonggo District is one of the coral reef ecosystem location in coastal area of Jepara Regency. Following the growth of culinary and Marine tourism bring the need for monitoring the condition of coral reefs so that such activity does not provide ecological impacts against the condition of coral reefs. The method used to assess the condition of coral reefs is Line Intercept Transect which done by percentage calculation of living coral coverage. The research results shows that the condition of the coral reefs in a depth of 3 metres found coral cover percentage of 4.5%, while at a depth of 6 meters found coral cover percentage of 9.7%. From this result indicates the coral reefs in critical condition，however the high biodiversity and dominance index value is presumed that these coral reefs was in good condition. It`s showed by the high percentage of coral die either at a depth of 3 metres (95.54%) or at a depth of 6 meters(90.30%). The diversity of species of coral were found at a depth of 3 meters consist of 6 genus, they are: Goniastrea sp., Favia sp., Galaxea sp., Porites, Acropora sp. and Montipora sp., whereas at a depth of 6 meters were found more species of coral diversity for at least 11 genus, they are: Acropora sp., Favites sp., Echinopora sp., Goniastrea sp. Symphyllia agaricia sp, Favia sp., Goniopora sp., Porites sp., Montipora sp., Platygyra sp., and Montastrea sp. The condition of coral reefs cover which relatively critical are caused by decreasing the quality of waters ecology that caused by sedimentation rate and runoff processes of land activity, high waves in northwest monsoon and the growth of culinary tourism as well as marine tourism in Empu Rancak coastal waters gradually worsen the condition of coral reefs. Keywords : Coral reef, tourism, Line Intercept Transect, AbstrakPerairan pantai Empu Rancak desa Karanggondang, Kecamatan Mlonggo merupakan salah satu lokasi ekosistem terumbu karang yang berada pesisir di kabupaten Jepara. Dengan berkembangnya aktivitas wisata kuliner serta wisata bahari, maka perlu dilakukan pemantauan kondisi terumbu karang agar kegiatan tersebut tidak tidak memberikan dampak ekologi terhadap kondisi terumbu karang. Metode yang dipergunakan untuk menilai kondisi terumbu karang adalah dengan metode perhitungan persentase penutupan karang hidup menggunakan Line Intercept Transect. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Kondisi terumbu karang di kedalaman 3 meter ditemukan prosentasi tutupan karang sebesar 4,5 %, sedangkan pada kedalaman 6 meter ditemukan prosentase tutupan karang sebesar 9,7 %, maka kondisi terumbu karang di perairan pantai empu rancak Mlonggo, dalam kondisi buruk sekali, namun tingginya keanekaragaman dan nilai indeks dominasi, maka diduga bahwa terumbu karang dilokasi penelitian pernah dalam kondisi baik sebelumnya. Hal ini ditunjukan dengan tingginya prosentase karang mati baik pada kedalaman 3 meter (95,54 %) maupun pada kedalaman 6 meter (90,30 %). Keanekaragaman jenis karang yang ditemukan pada kedalaman 3 meter terdiri atas 6 genus yaitu : GoniastreaSp., Favia Sp., Galaxea Sp., Porites Sp., Acropora Sp.,dan Montipora Sp.,sedangkan pada kedalaman 6 meter ditemukan keanekaraamanan jenis karang yang lebih banyak (11 genus), yaitu : Acropora sp., Favites sp., Echinopora sp., Goniastrea sp., Symphyllia agaricia, Favia sp., Goniopora sp., Porites sp., Montipora sp., Platygyra sp. ,dan Montastrea sp. Kondisi tutupan terumbu karang yang relatif buruk sekali diduga diakibatkan oleh menurunnya kualitas ekologi perairan yang diakibatkan oleh oleh tekanan laju sedimentasi serta proses run off dari aktivitas didaratan, tingginya paparan gelombang pada saat musim barat serta berkembangnya wisata kuliner serta wisata bahari di perairan Pantai Empu rancak yang memperburuk kondisi terumbu karang. Kata Kunci : Terumbu Karang, pariwisata, Line Intercept Transect
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Lakastri, Lavia, Pujiono Wahyu Purnomo, and Max Rudolf Muskananfola. "PENGARUH KEDALAMAN TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS PRIMER DAN DENSITAS ZOOXANTHELLAE PADA KARANG DOMINAN DI PULAU CEMARA KECIL, KARIMUNJAWA." Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES) 7, no. 4 (October 15, 2018): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/marj.v7i4.22667.
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Pulau Cemara Kecil merupakan salah satu pulau yang dijadikan tujuan wisata di Kepulauan Karimunjawa. Terumbu karang merupakan ekosistem pesisir yang memiliki produktivitas tinggi. Nitrat merupakan nutrien sebagai salah satu faktor penentu terpeliharanya produktivitas perairan. Penelitian ini mempelajari perbedaan jumlah sel zooxanthellae yang berpengaruh terhadap nilai produktivitas primernya dan kandungan nitrat yang diserap terhadap perbedaan kedalaman. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan produktivitas primer bersih (NPP) ekosistem terumbu karang, kandungan nitrat dan densitas zooxanthellae pada kedalaman 1 meter dan 5 meter. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Pulau Cemara Kecil pada bulan Maret 2018 dengan metode deskriptif. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh jenis karang yang dominan adalah Acropora sp. (26,58%) dan Porites sp (40,38%) dengan tutupan karang hidup pada kedalaman 1 meter (70,5%) kategori baik, kedalaman 5 meter (76,83%) kategori sangat baik. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (sig.) pada densitas zooxanthellae (sig = 0,02) dan NPP (sig = 0,01) di kedalaman 1 meter dan 5 meter pada kedua jenis karang. Perbedaan yang kurang signifikan pada konsentrasi nitrat (sig = 0,395) pada kedua kedalaman. Nilai densitas Zooxanthellae dan NPP lebih tinggi pada kedalaman 1 meter dibandingkan kedalaman 5 meter. Kedalaman mempengaruhi jumlah sel zooxanthellae pada karang sehingga akan berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas primer yang dihasilkan. Penyerapan kandungan nitrat oleh zooxanthellae berbeda dipengaruhi oleh faktor fisika kimia lingkungan. Pulau Cemara Kecil is one of the island used as a tourist destination in Karimunjawa. Coral reef are coastal ecosystems that have high productivity. Nitrate is a nutrient as a determining factor for the preservation of marine productivity, nutrients becomes an important factor. This research will study the differences in zooxanthellae cells that effected on their primary productivity value and nitrate absorbed by the depth difference. The purpose of this research is to know the differences of coral reef Net Primary Productivity (NPP), nitrate concentration and density of zooxanthellae at depth of 1 meter and 5 meter. This study was conducted in Cemara Kecil Island on March 2018, with descriptive method. The research results obtained are the dominant species of coral Acropora sp. (26,58%) and Porites sp. (40,38%) with living coral cover at a depth of 1 meter (70,5%) categories are good, the depth of 5 meter (76,83%) categories are very good. There is a significant difference (sig) on the density of zooxanthellae (sig = 0,03) and NPP (sig = 0,01) at a depth of 1 meter and 5 meters on both types of coral. Less significant differences in the concentration of nitrates (sig = 0,395) on both the depth. Zooxanthellae densities values higher than NPP at a depth of 1 meter compared to a depth of 5 meters. Depth affect the density of zooxanthellae on corals so influential is also against the resulting primary productivity. Absorption of different content of nitrate by zooxanthellae are influenced b factors of chemical – physics environment.
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Mastaller, Miran, and Philipp Klingel. "Application of a water balance adapted to intermittent water supply and flat-rate tariffs without customer metering in Tiruvannamalai, India." Water Supply 18, no. 1 (June 19, 2017): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.121.
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Abstract Establishing the water balance developed by the International Water Association (IWA) is a worldwide applied approach to determine and analyse water losses in water distribution systems (WDS). The water balance covers those parts of a WDS within the responsibility of the water utility. Water losses occurring ‘before’ a customer meter are at the expense of the utility, while water lost or wasted ‘after’ the meter is paid for by the customer. This applies to systems where customer metering is in place and/or consumption is charged according to the consumed volumes. However, many WDS in the world lack customer meters, are operated intermittently and apply flat-rate tariffs. In intermittent supplies, a considerable amount of water is lost or wasted within the private properties. The flat-rate tariff might not cover this amount or part of the amount. Thus, actual consumption and wastage should be separately quantified with respect to the utility's water reduction measures. Accepting the described conditions, the authors have developed an adaption of the IWA water balance and the methods to establish the balance. In this paper the application of the developed approach in an initially unmetered WDS with intermittent water supply in the city of Tiruvannamalai, India, is presented.
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Pohan, Ahmad Fauzi, and Rusnoviandi Rusnoviandi. "STUDI PENYELIDIKAN AIR TANAH DI KOTA TERPADU MANDIRI, PESISIR SELATAN DENGAN METODE GEOLISTRIK." Jurnal Ipteks Terapan 12, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.22216/jit.2018.v12i2.2588.
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<p><em>Water is a needed for human life, especially in Kota Terpadu Mandiri, Pesisir Selatan. This study aims to determine the type, arrangement of layers of subsurface rocks and their thickness and determine the type of water carrier layer (aquifer) and determine the exact location of drilling water depth in accordance with the hydrological conditions. By conducting an investigation at five measurement points using the Schlumberger geolistrik method with a stretch of 200 m. From the interpretation of the data obtained there are 4 layers of soil in the area of investigation,: the first layer is a layer of cover soil that thickness of 0.60-1.90 meters, the second layer is a layer of sand clay which 4.5-45.00 meters thick, the third layer is a layer of clay that thick 11.80-40.80 meters, and the fourth layer is a layer of sandstone cliffs of 3.00 meters thick to infinity. Based on the estimation of geoelectric data analysis which has the potential to drill groundwater at K-1 point with depth of 130 meters.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Air merupakan kebutuahan yang sangat mendasar bagi kehidupan manusia, khususnya di Kota Terpadu Mandiri, Pesisir Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengetahui jenis, susunan lapisan batuan bawah permukaan dan ketebalannya serta menentukan jenis lapisan batuan pembawa air (akuifer) dan menentukan lokasi kedalaman pemboran air yang tepat sesuai dengan kondisi hidrologinya. Dengan melakukan penyelidikan di 5 titik pengukuran dengan menggunakan metode geolistrik konfigurasi Schlumberger dengan bentangan 200 m. Dari interpretasi data yang diperoleh</em><em><em> terdapat 4 lapisan tanah di daerah penyelidikan yaitu : lapisan pertama merupakan lapisan tanah penutup yang tebalnya 0,60-1,90 meter, lapisan kedua merupakan lapisan lempung pasiran yang tebalnya 4,5-45,00 meter, lapisan ketiga merupakan lapisan lempung yang tebalnya 11,80-40,80 meter, dan lapisan keempat merupakan lapisan batupasir lempungan yang tebalnya 3,00 meter sampai tak terhingga. Berdasarkan pendugaan analisis data geolistrik yang berpotensi untuk dilakukan pengeboran air tanah di titik K-1 dengan kedalaman 130 meter.</em></em><br /><em></em></p>
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Miller, Arnold I. "Spatial resolution in subfossil molluscan remains: Implications for paleobiological analyses." Paleobiology 14, no. 1 (1988): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300011829.
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The ability of paleobiologists to draw paleoecological inferences based on spatial faunal variability within a single stratigraphic interval depends ultimately on the spatial resolving power of the fossil record. This paper evaluates the potential spatial resolution of fossil assemblages by examining modern skeletal remains of molluscs on a benthic transect, along which there is a marked decrease in seagrass cover, in Smuggler's Cove, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. The sampling transect began in a Thalassia-covered area approximately three meters deep, extended into slightly deeper water with lighter seagrass cover, and ended on an open, bioturbated sandy tract at a depth of nearly six meters.Two-way cluster analysis and polar ordination of 37 samples of molluscan remains, taken at 10-meter intervals along the 360-meter transect, reveal patterns of variation that are shown by correlation analyses and consideration of the autecologies of individual species to be related to measured changes in vegetation. There is a transition from dominance primarily by epifaunal gastropods living on seagrass blades to dominance by infaunal, burrowing bivalves as grass cover becomes lighter. Some non-systematic variability exists in faunal distributional patterns within areas where the environment does not vary systematically, but this does not mask the regular faunal transitions related to environmental changes. Correspondence between the dead and live faunas is difficult to ascertain because of the scarcity of live fauna in collected samples.The results suggest that spatial faunal transitions in fossil remains at even the fine scale evaluated in this study are potentially preservable in the fossil record.
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Parker, Michael L., and John R. Meyer. "COMPETITIVE VEGETATIVE ORCHARD COVERS REDUCE PEACH ROOTING." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 589g—589. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.589g.
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Peach trees (`Biscoe'/Lovell) were planted in March, 1988 in ten different ground cover management systems. The trees were planted at the Sandhills Research Station in Southeastern North Carolina on a Candor sand and Eunola sandy loam. In December, 1991 the trench profile method was used to evaluate root distribution under the six orchard floor management systems of nimblewill, bare ground control, centipedegrass, brome, bahiagrass, and weedy control. Trenches were dug parallel to the tree row 60 cm from the center of the row on both sides of the tree. Grids 1 meter square, sectioned into 10 cm squares, were placed on the profile walls and root distribution (in three size categories) was recorded for 1 meter on each side of the tree in each trench. Root numbers were greatly reduced under the vegetative covers that provided the greatest suppression of vegetative tree growth. Total root densities under the trees in the vegetative covers were ranked into three size categories which were correlated with the amount of vegetative tree growth.
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Hüblová, S., P. Cikrle, O. Karel, and D. Kocáb. "Experimental measurement of the diameter and cover depth of steel reinforcement using an electromagnetic concrete cover meter." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 549 (June 18, 2019): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/549/1/012011.
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Arisandi, Apri, Badrud Tamam, and Achmad Fauzan. "Profil Terumbu Karang Pulau Kangean, Kabupaten Sumenep, Indonesia [Coral Reef Profile of Kangean Island, Sumenep District, Indonesia]." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 10, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v10i2.10516.
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Abstrak Ekosistem terumbu karang merupakan bagian dari ekosistem laut yang penting, karena menjadi sumber kehidupan bagi biota laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan data berupa persentase penutupan karang hidup, lifeform dan jumlah karang. Kelimpahan ikan karang dan kondisi perairan kepulauan yang terdapat ekosistem terumbu karang bisa menjadi dasar untuk mendukung kesesuaian suatu kawasan menjadi objek ekowisata bahari. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan juli-Agustus dan dilakukan menggunakan metode Line Intercept Transect (LIT), sepanjang 50 meter sejajar garis pantai pada kedalaman 3 dan 10 meter. Persentase penutupan karang mengacu kepada lifeform dan data ikan karang diambil menggunakan metode pencacahan langsung (visual census). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase tutupan karang berada pada kisaran 60-73% yang artinya kondisi ekosistem terumbu karang di Pulau Kangean adalah baik, dan merupakan habitat yang nyaman bagi ikan-ikan karang seperti spesies Apogon sp., Chelmon sp., Chaetodon sp., Lethrinus sp., dan Cheilodipterus sp. AbstractCoral reef ecosystems are part of an important marine ecosystem because they are a source of life for marine biota. This study was aimed to collect data in the form of a percentage of live coral cover, lifeform and number of corals. The abundance of reef fish and the condition of island waters that have coral reef ecosystems can be the basis for supporting the suitability of an area to become an object of marine ecotourism. The study was conducted in July-August and was carried out using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method, along 50 meters parallel to the coastline at depths of 3 and 10 meters. The percentage of coral cover refers to the lifeform and data on reef fish are taken using the visual census method. The results showed that the percentage of coral cover was in the range of 60-73%, which means that the condition of the coral reef ecosystem in Kangean Island is good, and is a comfortable habitat for reef fish such as the species Apogon sp., Chelmon sp., Chaetodon sp., Lethrinus sp., and Cheilodipterus sp.
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Dong, Jian Cheng, and Chuan Zhou. "Design of the Automatic Spraying Equipment for Tubular Parts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 1559–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.1559.
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The automatic spraying equipment for tubular parts is used for spraying the tubular parts, especially the ones with the lengths from 1 meter to 15 meters and the diameters from 3 millimeters to 20 millimeters. The whole equipment includes frame, drive unit, fixture, anti-bending device, spray gun, protective cover and so on. During the spraying process, the tubular part will rotate and move forward, to make it get uniform surface coating. The equipment is installed with the anti-bending device, to prevent the tubular part from bending and shaking. The spraying process is controlled by the control system, which makes the automatic spraying come true.
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Rodrigues-Filho, JL, RM Degani, FS Soares, NA Periotto, FP Blanco, DS Abe, T. Matsumura-Tundisi, JE Tundisi, and JG Tundisi. "Alterations in land uses based on amendments to the Brazilian Forest Law and their influences on water quality of a watershed." Brazilian Journal of Biology 75, no. 1 (March 2015): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.08813.
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The amendments to the Forest Law proposed by the Brazilian government that allow partial substitution of forested areas by agricultural activities raised deep concern about the integrity of aquatic ecosystems. To assess the impacts of this alteration in land uses on the watershed, diffuse loads of total nitrogen (Nt) and total phosphorus (Pt) were estimated in Lobo Stream watershed, southeastern Brazil, based on export coefficients of the Model of Correlation between Land Use and Water Quality (MQUAL). Three scenarios were generated: scenario 1 (present scenario), with 30-meter-wide permanent preservation areas along the shore of water bodies and 50-meter-radius in springs; scenario 2, conservative, with 100-meter-wide permanent preservation areas along water bodies; and scenario 3, with the substitution of 20% of natural forest by agricultural activities. Results indicate that a suppression of 20% of forest cover would cause an increase in nutrient loads as well as in the trophic state of aquatic ecosystems of the watershed. This could result in losses of ecosystem services and compromise the quality of water and its supply for the basin. This study underlines the importance of forest cover for the maintenance of water quality in Lobo Stream watershed.
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Cavazzani, S., S. Ortolani, A. Bertolo, R. Binotto, P. Fiorentin, G. Carraro, I. Saviane, and V. Zitelli. "Sky Quality Meter and satellite correlation for night cloud-cover analysis at astronomical sites." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 493, no. 2 (March 4, 2020): 2463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa416.
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ABSTRACT The analysis of night cloud cover is very important for astronomical observations in real time, considering a typical observation time of about 15 minutes, and to provide statistics. In this article, we use the Sky Quality Meter (SQM) for high-resolution temporal analysis of the La Silla and Asiago (Ekar Observatory) sky: 3 and 5 minutes respectively. We investigate the annual temporal evolution of the natural contributions of the sky at a site not influenced by artificial light at night (ALAN) and at one highly influenced. We also make a correlation between GOES and Aqua satellite data and ground-based SQM data to confirm the relationship between the SQM data and cloud cover. We develop an algorithm that allows the use of the SQM for night cloud detection and reach correlations with the nighttime cloud cover detected by the GOES and Aqua satellites of 97.2 per cent at La Silla and 94.6 per cent at Asiago. Our algorithm also classifies photometric (PN) and spectroscopic nights (SN). We measure 59.1 per cent PN and 21.7 per cent SN for a total percentage of clear nights of 80.8 per cent at La Silla in 2018. The respective Ekar Observatory values are 31.1 per cent PN, 24.0 per cent SN and 55.1 per cent of total clear night time. Application to the SQM network would involve the development of long-term statistics and large data forecasting models for site testing and real-time astronomical observation.
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Rashid, M. T., Paul Voroney, and G. Parkin. "Predicting nitrogen fertilizer requirements for corn by chlorophyll meter under different N availability conditions." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 85, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s04-005.
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Nitrogen management strategies that enhance fertilizer use efficiency and maximize profitability in corn require a rapid and accurate method to determine the crop N needs of current hybrids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of a portable chlorophyll meter for predicting N fertilizer requirements for corn grown under varying levels of N availability. Several crop management treatments were imposed in an attempt to create conditions ranging from low N availability (oily food waste application in spring and fall, application at different rates in spring) to high N availability (continuous fertilized corn, winter wheat cover crop). Different corn hybrids were sown at different sites (21 site yr) and varying N fertilizer application rates were applied. Chlorophyll meter readings (CMR) were taken at the 5th to 6th leaf stage (V6) using a SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter. The crop management treatments, corn hybrids and their interaction significantly affected the chlorophyll meter readings. A high inverse correlation between chlorophyll meter readings and maximum economic rate of nitrogen (MERN) was observed (r = −0.87). The main new and unique aspect of our research is the development of a linear model for using chlorophyll meter measurements to make N fertilizer recommendations (MERN = 348.47 − 8.5304 × CMR ) for corn production under varying degrees of N availability in Southern Ontario. Key words: Chlorophyll meter, soil organic carbon, nitrogen application
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Burnik, Urban, Dejan Križaj, Zumret Topčagić, and Marko Meža. "Measuring impedance using an open-source instrumentation platform." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 55, no. 2 (February 28, 2018): 168–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020720918761764.
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The article presents development and design of a precision LCR meter based on an affordable open-source instrumentation platform. The design of the instrument has been performed by an interdisciplinary group of students. A project-based approach has been used in order to make a practical use of engineering knowledge within the group of participants. The results cover all the necessary project results achieved by the participants from the state-of-the art analysis in the domain of LCR meters to dissemination of project results. These may serve as a guide for similar project specifications. Alternatively, the presented results may be used in preparing student assignments in electrical impedance measurements based on affordable hardware.
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Yuliani, Rida, Witiyasti Imaningsih, and Tri Wira Yuwati. "Lichen as bioindicator of air quality at buffer zone of Banjarbaru town." Jurnal Galam 2, no. 1 (August 27, 2021): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/glm.2021.2.1.54-65.
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Air pollution is one of the main issues faced by urban areas. Therefore, morphological characteristic and colony coverage of lichen growing at different scale air-polluted area could become as a bioindicator of their air quality. This research aims to determine the condition of lichen in spots located at near and far from the main road (width ± 29 meter) in urban area at Banjarbaru town. This research used descriptive method with purposive sampling technique. Sample were obtained from 2 plots those were far and near the main road, each plot represented by samples from 5 different trees (densed canopy with minimum DBH at 25 cm). Lichens were taken at 50-150 cm above ground level using 20x20 cm quadrant plastic frame. Observation variables include the number and shape of colonies, color and type of thallus, and percentage of thallus cover. We determined 13 colonies from spots far from the main road (500-600 meter from main road). Lichen dominated by green to bluish color, thallus consist of crustose and foliose, and the average percentage of thallus cover was 28.01%. While from that near the main road (14-250 meter from main road), we determined 14 colonies predominantly consisted of white crustose lichens, and the average percentage of thallus cover was 10.01%. Traffic intensity showed to have significant effect on lichens community. The main difference can be seen from morphology and colony coverage. Based on this result, lichen can be used as bioindicator of air quality, especially air pollution caused by motorized vehicles. Keywords arboretum, crustose, foliose, pollution, thallus
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Qiu, Xiaomin, Dexuan Sha, and Xuelian Meng. "Optimal Methodology for Detecting Land Cover Change in a Forestry, Lakeside Environment Using NAIP Imagery." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 10, no. 1 (January 2019): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2019010102.
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Mapping land cover change is useful for various environmental and urban planning applications, e.g. land management, forest conservation, ecological assessment, transportation planning, and impervious surface control. As the optimal change detection approaches, algorithms, and parameters often depend on the phenomenon of interest and the remote sensing imagery used, the goal of this study is to find the optimal procedure for detecting urban growth in rural, forestry areas using one-meter, four-band NAIP images. Focusing on different types of impervious covers, the authors test the optimal segmentation parameters for object-based image analysis, and conclude that the random tree classifier, among the six classifiers compared, is most optimal for land use/cover change detection analysis with a satisfying overall accuracy of 87.7%. With continuous free coverage of NAIP images, the optimal change detection procedure concluded in this study is valuable for future analyses of urban growth change detection in rural, forestry environments.
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White, Charles M., Brosi Bradley, Denise M. Finney, and Jason P. Kaye. "Predicting Cover Crop Nitrogen Content with a Handheld Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Meter." Agricultural & Environmental Letters 4, no. 1 (January 2019): 190031. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/ael2019.08.0031.
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Sateesh, N., S. Devakar Reddy, G. Praveen Kumar, and Ram Subbiah. "Optimization of injection moulding process in manufacturing the flip cover of water meter." Materials Today: Proceedings 26 (2020): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.089.
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Mastaller, Miran, and Philipp Klingel. "Adapting the IWA water balance to intermittent water supply and flat-rate tariffs without customer metering." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 7, no. 3 (July 14, 2017): 396–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.116.
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The International Water Association water balance is an approach applied worldwide for determining and analysing water losses in water distribution systems (WDS) up to the point of customer metering. Thus, water losses occurring ‘before’ a customer meter are at the expenses of the water utility while water lost or wasted ‘after’ the meter is paid for by the customer. This applies to systems where customer metering is in place and/or consumption is charged according to the consumed volumes. However, many WDS in the world lack customer meters, are operated intermittently and a considerable amount of water is lost or wasted within the private property, e.g. by overflows of private tanks. The flat-rate tariff applied might not cover this amount or part of the amount. Thus, actual consumption and wastage should be separately quantified or estimated with respect to the utility's water reduction measures and the calculation of revenue water. This paper presents a water balance approach adapted to WDS which are operated intermittently, lack customer metering and charge flat-rate tariffs as well as a methodology for establishing the balance. The application is demonstrated for a district metered area of the city of Tiruvannamalai, India.
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Subekti, Ridwan Arief. "Survey Potensi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikro Hidro di Kuta Malaka Kabupaten Aceh Besar Propinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam." Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology 1, no. 1 (March 9, 2012): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/j.mev.2010.v1.5-12.
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Generator set is one of the devices able to produces electrics. Generator set used when electrics supply of PLN insufficient or even there no. This matter experienced in Kuta Malaka, Aceh Besar, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam there will be developed a tour area. Because electrical supply from PLN not yet, power electric to support the area used generator set. Future, that tour area apply hydro power station for electrical energy requirement. From that background, the purpose of water potential survey was conducted to get beginning data and information of water power potential as reference to develop PLTMH. The potential survey cover determination of location and head measurement use global positioning system Garmin GPSMAP 76CSx. The other using altimeter, head also was measure manually used the meter by spirit level and string method. The river rate of flow measurement within measuring to speed of rivers flow use propeller devices or current meters brand Flowatch. From data of PLTMH potential survey in Kuta Malaka area known that there are three potential locations able to be developed as PLTMH with effective head 5 until 16 meter and output power 3.7 until 9.1 kW.
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Cahyadi, Deni, and Daniel Fajar Puspita. "KETAHANAN KOROSI METER AIR BERLOGO SNI." Jurnal Standardisasi 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.31153/js.v17i3.320.
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<p>Abstrak<br />Penelitian mengenai ketahanan korosi air untuk meter air berlogo SNI telah dilakukan. Persyaratan terkait ketahanan korosi produk air minum terdapat pada SNI 2547:2008 yang menyatakan bahwa meter air minum terbuat dari bahan tahan korosi atau dilapisi dengan cat supaya tahan terhadap korosi. Pada SNI tersebut tidak dijelaskan metode uji ataupun kondisi yang harus digunakan untuk memverifikasi bahwa produk meter air tahan terhadap korosi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana ketahanan meter air tersebut terhadap korosi. Meter air yang dipakai sebagai sampel adalah meter air yang telah mencantumkan SNI 2547:2008 pada kemasan produknya, yang didapat di pasaran di daerah Bandung. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengujian ketahanan korosi adalah pengujian semprot kabut garam. Instrumen yang dipakai untuk pengujian ketahanan korosi adalah Salt Spray Tester merek JTM model JTM-1274A dengan kondisi selama pengujian adalah lama pemaparan 100 jam, suhu pengujian 35 + 2 °C, kelembaban 98 + 2 %-RH dan konsentrasi NaCl 5%. Adapun uji komposisi kimia untuk material meter air dan deposit pasca pengujian kabut garam dilakukan dengan motode X-Ray Fluororesence. Dari hasil pengujian dan pengamatan disimpulkan bahwa meter air mengalami korosi terutama pada bagian ring dan konektor. Selain itu terjadi pemudaran warna pada bagian tutup plastik.<br />Kata kunci: meter air, SNI, salt spray, korosi.</p><p><br />Abstract<br />Study on corrosion resistance for SNI-marked watermeter has been done. The requirement related to corrosion resistance for drinking water product according to SNI 2457:2008 mentioned that water meter should be made of corrosion resistant material or coated to prevent corrosion. It is not stated inside the SNI document the exact method and condition for the verification of water meter resistancy to corrosion. The objective of this study is to determine the resistancy of water meter to corrosion. The water meter used as sample is water meter with SNI 2547:2008 marked to its body, which was obtained from market in Bandung area. The method chosen for corrosion resistance testing is Salt Spray Test. The instrument used was JTM Salt Spray Tester, type 1274A, with condition: 100 hours time of exposure, 35 + 2 °C temperature, 98 + 2 % relative humidity, and 5 % salt solution concentration (NaCl). Chemical composition testing for water meter material and surface deposit was performed using X-Ray Fluororesence. According to the test result and observation, it is concluded that corrosion was occurred, especially on connector and water meter ring. Color fading was also founded on the water meter cover.<br />Keywords: water meter, SNI, salt spray, corrosion.</p>
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Xie, W. J., H. P. Chen, L. B. Lv, Y. H. Chen, and M. Li. "QUALITY INSPECTION AND COMMON ISSUES ANALYSIS OF 10 METER RESOLUTION GLOBAL LAND COVER DATA." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2021 (June 29, 2021): 783–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2021-783-2021.
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Abstract. In order to better carry out the environmental monitoring and resource protection, the 10 meter resolution global land cover data (hereinafter referred to as the GLC 10 data) came into being. The production mode of GLC 10 data is to use vector data, topographic map and other related reference data to get land cover based on digital orthophoto. GLC 10 data is a new type of remote sensing data and its classification system and classification index are also set according to the needs of a new project. Therefore, how to verify and control the quality of this kind of data is an urgent issue to be solved. According to the particularity of GLC 10 data and the new requirements of quality inspection technology, this paper puts forward a set of quality inspection contents and methods of GLC 10 data for large-scale production. And through the way of software automatic inspection combined with human-computer interaction, the inspection requirements are summarized one by one. Then, according to the actual quality inspection work from 2018 to 2020, the common quality issues of GLC 10 data are analyzed and sorted out, which can provide technical reference for the inspection and quality control of GLC 10 data.
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Mangan, Francis X., John Howell, and Stephen Herbert. "Use of Pre-sidedress Nitrate Test and SPAD Meter to Evaluate Nitrogen Needs of Peppers." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 863F—863. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.863f.
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Hot cherry peppers were grown after incorporation of the following three winter cover crop regimes in Summer 1994—hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) plus winter rye (Secale cereale), hairy vetch alone, and no cover crop. For each main effect there were three N rates applied to peppers in three applications over the course of the season: 0, 85, and 170 kg·ha–1. The pepper yield was significantly higher with hairy vetch plus rye than rye alone or no cover crop. There was also no significant yield increase with the addition of N fertilizer to the peppers grown with hairy vetch. Soil nitrate–N levels taken just prior to N sidedress were significantly higher in plots that had hairy vetch plus rye compared to other treatments. There was also a significant linear relationship of the soil nitrate–N levels among the three N rates. Based on the results of this study, sidedressing peppers would be recommended when soil nitrate levels are above the 25 ppm that is the current threshold for other crops. SPAD readings were taken several times during the season. There was a high correlation of SPAD readings to pepper yield very early and very late in the season. The correlation of SPAD readings to pepper yield was poorest when taken at the time of N sidedress.
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Šafář, Jaroslav, Pavla Šťastná, and Vladimír Hula. "Impact of type of pitfall traps and preserving agent on entrapped representatives of the Carabidae (Coleoptera)." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 2 (2010): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058020213.
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This paper focuses on the type of cover and preserving agent influence on composition of entrapped fauna of Carabidae beetles. The research took place in the northern part of the protected landscape area of Žďárské vrchy, south from Kameničky municipality in rural district of Chrudim. Epigeic fauna was monitored one month from April 30th to June 5th 2008 – in the period of the highest activity of most Carabidae species. Traps were located in Latin square with five meter distance, using three preserving agents (formaldehyde, ethylene glycol, sodium chloride solution) and three types of covers above pitfall traps (acrylic glass cover, no cover, or wooden board put above the trap). Within the research 1123 Carabidae specimens belonging to 21 species were entrapped. The most numerous was Poecilus cupreus (915 specimens) in which also the strongest relationship to formaldehyde was detected. The redundancy analysis (RDA) from CANOCO package was used for statistical evaluation. With monitored variables, a significant influence (T = 0.137, F = 3.020, P = 0.0240) of formaldehyde on presence of some Carabidae species was confirmed (Poecilus cupreus, Amara lunicollis, Pterostichus diligens, and Bembidion guttula). Influence of the cover above the pitfall trap on species range in the trap was not confirmed (T = 0.062, F = 2.574, P = 0.0710).
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Cruz, C., A. C. Blanco, J. Babaan, J. A. Cruz, R. R. Sta. Ana, and E. Paringit. "LINEAR SPECTRAL UNMIXING OF SENTINEL-3 IMAGERY FOR URBAN LAND COVER - LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE (LST) ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY OF METRO MANILA, PHILIPPINES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W19 (December 23, 2019): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w19-141-2019.
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Abstract. The advancement of remote sensing technologies is a huge advantage in various environmental applications including the monitoring of the rapid development in an urban area. This study aims to estimate the composition of the different classes (vegetation, impervious surfaces, soil) in Metro Manila, Philippines using a 300-meter spatial resolution Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Colour Instrument image. The relationship between these land cover fractions with the spatial distribution of land surface temperature at this scale is evaluated. Sentinel-3 image has a higher spectral resolution (i.e. 21 bands), as compared with other Landsat and Sentinel missions, which is a requirement for an accurate cover mapping. Linear Spectral Unmixing (LSU), a sub-pixel classification method, was employed in identifying the fractional components in the image based on their spectral characteristics. Field survey using spectroradiometer was conducted to acquire spectral signatures of an impervious surface, vegetation, and soil which were used as the endmembers in the unmixing process. To assess the accuracy of the resulting vegetation fractional image, this was compared with a separate land cover pixel-based classification result using a 3-meter high spatial resolution PlanetScope image and with another vegetation index product of Sentinel-3. The results indicate that the recently available Sentinel-3 image can accurately estimate vegetation fraction with R2 = 0.84 and 0.99, respectively. In addition, the land surface temperature (LST) retrieved from Climate Engine is negatively correlated with the vegetation fraction cover (R2 = 0.81) and positively correlated with the impervious surface fraction cover (R2 = 0.66). Soil, on the other hand, has no correlation with the LST.
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Song, Wenguang, Haiyu Chen, Qiujuan Zhang, and Jiahao Zhang. "Design and Implementation of the Array Logging Tool on Horizontal Production Logging." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (December 1, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6903970.
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The measuring instruments have some errors in the measurement of high water cut production wells, and many domestic oil fields are also in high water cut state. The measured data from the conventional production logging instrument are all almost inaccurate. This project has designed a staggered probe array flow meter well logging apparatus based on the characteristic of electromagnetic wave specific retention meter that can fully cover the wellbore fluid and improve flow measurement accuracy. According to the application in horizontal wells, the accuracy of this measuring instrument now has been proved to be more than 90% and can meet the requirements of production logging interpretation in horizontal wells.
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M. Hasan, Ali, and Abdulkareem A. Kadhim. "DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART METER FOR SMART CITY." Iraqi Journal of Information & Communications Technology 3, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31987/ijict.3.3.127.
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Smart city has developed energy, environmental, and healthcare services. It is also continuously providing new services to all citizens. This paper is concerned with the design and implementation of smart meter system as the core for smart grid in smart city. A system is proposed where the electricity supply is monitored by measuring its related parameters (voltage, current, power, energy consumption, and consumption bill) and issuing Short Message Service (SMS) notification of the consumption. The designed system used PZEM-004T, Arduino Mega, Raspberry Pi and Node-Red platforms. The data related to the measured parameters are successfully transmitted to the datacenter using Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol, stored in MySQL database using core python program, and displayed on Node-Red platform. The test and verification of the system are performed using different scenarios showing that successful and accurate operation of the system components are achieved. Finally, the designed system can be extended to cover large geographical areas and can be modified to serve for pre-paid arrangement in an effort to assist in reducing the electricity consumption in Iraq with the continuing crises of electricity.
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Ruli, Fismatman, Robert Alik, Dominggus Polnaya, Nurjirana Nurjirana, Sufardin Sufardin, and Muhammad Afrisal. "KELIMPAHAN Acanthaster planci DAN TUTUPAN KARANG HIDUP DI PERAIRAN PULAU SAPARUA, PROVINSI MALUKU." Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 26, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.26.2.2020.125-133.
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Achantaster planci atau Crown-of-thorns starfish merupakan hewan pemangsa karang yang secara langsung dapat menyebabkan degradasi pada ekosistem terumbu karang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan dari A. planci dan kondisi karang di Pulau Saparua. Jumlah lokasi pengamatan sebanyak lima stasiun. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada November 2018 di Pulau Saparua, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah, Provinsi Maluku. Pengamatan tutupan karang hidup dan kelimpahan Achantaster planci dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Line Intercept Transect (LIT), pengamatan Acanthaster planci menggunakan metode sabuk (Belt Transect) yang mengikuti garis LIT dengan panjang 70 meter dan lebar 2 meter sehingga luasan area pengamatan sebesar 140 m2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi tutupan karang hidup tergolong kedalam kriteria sedang hingga sangat baik (26,5%-89,54%) dan terdapat sepuluh bentuk pertumbuhan yang ditemukan pada lokasi ini. Indeks mortalitas karang tertinggi pada Stasiun (Stn) 2, daerah dimana tidak ditemukan A. planci. Keberadaan A. planci hanya ditemukan pada Stn 1, Stn 4 dan Stn 5, dengan kelimpahan A. planci tertinggi ditemukan pada Stn 1 sebanyak 0,036 ind/m2. Bentuk pertumbuhan karang Acropora mendominasi hampir pada seluruh stasiun dan A. planci ditemukan pada stasiun yang memiliki tutupan karang hidup yang didominasi oleh bentuk pertumbuhan Acropora branching dan coral branching. Korelasi baik tutupan karang dan kelimpahan A. planci maupun karang mati dan A. planci tergolong cukup dan tidak signifikan. Achantaster planci or Crown-of-thorns starfish are coral predators that can directly cause degradation of coral reef ecosystems. This study aims to determine the abundance of A. planci, live coral cover on Saparua Island. The number of observation stations was five locations. This research was conducted in November 2018 on Saparua Island, Central Maluku Regency, Maluku Province. Observations of live coral cover and Achantaster planci abundance were carried out using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method, Acanthaster planci observations using the Belt Transect method which followed the LIT with a length of 70 meters and a width of 2 meters so that the area of the observation area was 140 m2. The results showed the condition of live coral cover was classified as moderate to very good criteria (26.5% -89.54%) and there were ten of coral lifeforms found at this location. The highest coral mortality index was determined in St 2 areas where A. planci was not found. The presence of A. planci was only found in St 1, St 4 and St 5, where the highest abundance of A. planci was found in St 1 by 0.036 ind / m2. Acropora coral growth forms dominate almost all stations and A. planci is found in stations that have live coral cover dominated by Acropora branching and coral branching growth forms. Correlation of both coral cover and abundance of A. planci and dead coral and A. planci is classified as sufficient and not significant.
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Joubert, A. J., and W. J. Myburgh. "A Comparison of Three Dry Matter Forage Production Methods Used in South Africa." International Journal of Ecology 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/314939.
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A common method for determining forage production of rangelands is by clipping and weighing forage from quadrats with predetermined areas. This technique is however time consuming. Other techniques which require less time and labour include amongst others using the disk pasture meter or phytomass derived from the vegetation classification program PHYTOTAB, in conjunction with the Plant Number Scale, which is used to determine vegetation canopy cover. The phytomass determined using PHYTOTAB/Plant Number Scale and the disk pasture meter was compared to the phytomass obtained from the actual clipping and weighing of forage. Tests showed that there were indeed statistically significant differences between the mean phytomass values of the three techniques. Considerable variation was shown in the results of the disk pasture meter readings compared to the other two techniques. The phytomass values obtained using the disk pasture meter were significantly higher than the phytomass determined using both the PHYTOTAB/Plant Number Scale and the clipping and weighing techniques. Results further indicated a significant similarity in the phytomass determined using the PHYTOTAB/Plant Number Scale and the clipping and weighing technique. The results of this pilot study need further investigation.
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Hoag, A. "QSO search by slitless spectroscopy." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 119 (1986): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900152210.
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Sandage and I have obtained “grism” plates that redundantly cover one square degree fields centered on ten Selected Areas. We used a grating-prism in the converging beam of the Mayall 4-meter telescope prime focus to photograph 1580 A·mm−1 slitless spectra to a limit of about B = 21.5 (cf. Hoag and Smith 1977).
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Algernon, Daniel, Dennis R. Hiltunen, Christopher C. Ferraro, and Charles Ishee. "Rebar Detection with Cover Meter and Ultrasonic Pulse Echo Combined with Automated Scanning System." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2251, no. 1 (January 2011): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2251-13.
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Hu, LuanYun, YanLei Chen, Yue Xu, YuanYuan Zhao, Le Yu, Jie Wang, and Peng Gong. "A 30 meter land cover mapping of China with an efficient clustering algorithm CBEST." Science China Earth Sciences 57, no. 10 (June 26, 2014): 2293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-014-4917-1.
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Prabakar, J., B. H. Bharathkumar, and A. Chellappan. "Prediction of rebar profile in a earth retaining RCC structure using cover meter survey." Construction and Building Materials 21, no. 4 (April 2007): 873–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.12.019.
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Jderu, Alin, Marcelo A. Soto, Marius Enachescu, and Dominik Ziegler. "Liquid Flow Meter by Fiber-Optic Sensing of Heat Propagation." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020355.
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Monitoring fluid flow rates is imperative for a variety of industries including biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, the food industry, and the oil and gas industries. We propose a flow meter that, unlike turbine or pressure-based sensors, is not flow intrusive, requires zero maintenance, has low risk of clogging, and is compatible with harsh conditions. Using optical fiber sensing, we monitor the temperature distribution along a fluid conduit. Pulsed heat injection locally elevates the fluid’s temperature, and from the propagation velocity of the heat downstream, the fluid’s velocity is determined. The method is experimentally validated for water and ethanol using optical frequency-domain reflectometry (OFDR) with millimetric spatial resolution over a 1.2 m-long conduit. Results demonstrate that such sensing yields accurate data with a linear response. By changing the optical fiber interrogation to time-domain distributed sensing approaches, the proposed technique can be scaled to cover sensing ranges of several tens of kilometers. On the other extreme, miniaturization for instance by using integrated optical waveguides could potentially bring this flow monitoring technique to microfluidic systems or open future avenues for novel “lab-in-a-fiber” technologies with biomedical applications.
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Xu, Ming, and Weili Han. "An Explainable Password Strength Meter Addon via Textual Pattern Recognition." Security and Communication Networks 2019 (January 13, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5184643.
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Textual passwords are still dominating the authentication of remote file sharing and website logins, although researchers recently showed several vulnerabilities about this authentication mechanism. When a user creates or changes a password, a website usually leverages a password strength meter (PSM for short) to show the strength of the password. When the password is evaluated as a weak one, the user may replace the password with a stronger or securer one. However, the user is usually confused when the password, especially a frequently used password, is shown as a weak one. We argue that an explainable password strength meter addon, which could show the reasons of weak, may help users to more effectively create a secure password. Unfortunately, we find few sites in Alexa global top 100 showing these details. Motivated to help users with an explainable PSM, this paper proposes an addon to PSMs providing feedbacks in the form of pattern passwords explaining why a password is weak. This PSM addon can detect twelve types of patterns, which cover a very large proportion among 70 million of leaked real passwords from high-profile websites. According to our evaluation and user study, our PSM addon, which leverages textual pattern passwords, can effectively detect these popular patterns and effectively help users create securer passwords.
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Grechushkina‐Sukhorukova, L. A. "DYNAMICS OF ILLUMINANCE INCIDENT ON THE LANW SURFACE IN THE SHADE OF VARIOUS WOODY SPECIES." South of Russia: ecology, development 14, no. 2 (July 5, 2019): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2019-2-48-58.
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Aim. This paper is aimed at studying the relative light conditions (RLC) for lawns in the crown shade of light‐requiring and shade‐tolerant trees from the landscaping sites of Stavropol.Methods. The illuminance incident on the lawn surface was measured using a TKA‐LUX light meter from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m., every two hours.Results. It is shown that lawns under the crowns of light‐requiring tree species (Larix sibirica), received the highest RLC. During three calendar periods (22.05–15.06–18.09.2017, from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m.), its value amounted to 8.2‐9.2% (9.2% – at 1 p.m.); 4.6‐6.8% (6.8%); 7.0‐12.9% (12.9%). The projective cover of the lawns reached 75‐90%. In case of Betula pendula, the RLC values were as follows: 2.6‐3.7% (3.7%); 1.9‐3.2% (3.0%); 3.6‐5.7% (5.6%), with the projective cover amounting to 75‐90%. Under the crowns of shade‐tolerant species, Abies nordmanniana, the RLC values reached 1.0‐1.5% (1.0%), 0.6‐1.5% (0.6%), 0.7‐3.0 (0.7%), with the projective cover of lawns amounting to 10‐25%. For Aesculus hip‐ pocastanum, these values were equal to 0.6‐0.8% (0.6%); 0.6‐0.8% (0.6%); 9.0‐11.5% (11.2%), with dead patches being frequently formed. Projective cover values for shaded lawns correlate with the RLC value (r = 0.89).Conclusions. Under present conditions, ground covers consisting of Vinca minor shrubs and Hedera helix vines can be used in urban greening for intensively shaded sites.
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Suleman, Yusuf, Laurentius T. X. Lalamentik, and Unstain N. W. J. Rembet. "The Distribution of Favites abdita Coral Reef (Ellis and Solander, 1786) in the Land of Coral Coast Village of Malalayang Dua, Malalayang sub-district Manado." JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX 5, no. 1 (February 17, 2017): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.5.1.2017.15154.
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This study was conducted at Malalayang Dua waters (Sub-district Malalayang Dua, Manado City). The aim of study is: To know and to inform the coral of Favites abdita. The other aim was to describe the distribution of Favites abdita. This research also will contribute for the management effort of coral reef in Malalayang Dua area, and also as information and literature in doing research at the same place in the future. Data collection was done by using simple random method with 1x1 meter quadrant. Every coral found was wrote at data sheet. The pictures of those coral was taken by using underwater camera. The highest percentage cover of hard coral was found in station 3 (1.46%), while the lowest was wrote at station first (0.13%). The distributions patterns of hard coral were found in each stations are Clumped. There is no significant difference in number of colony, percentage cover and diameter for the three depths. Keyword : Distribution coral, Favites abdita Abstrak Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di pantai Kelurahan Malalayang Dua Kecamatan Malalayang Kota Manado. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan menginformasikan serta bagaimana mengkaji distribusi karang batu F. abdita. Manfaat penelitian yaitu Memberikan kontribusi bagi upaya pengelolaan terumbu karang di wilayah Pantai Malalayang Dua dan Sebagai bahan informasi dan pustaka serta acuan dalam melakukan penelitian pada tempat yang sama di waktu yang akan datang. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode acak sederhana dengan mengunakan kuadran. Pada lokasi penelitian, ditentukan tiga titik pengambilan data, yaitu stasiun 1 stasiun 2 dan stasiun 3. Pada setiap stasiun diletakkan transek berukuran 10x10 meter sebanyak 30 kali ulangan mengunakan kuadran 1x1 meter dengan jarak setiap stasiun 100 meter. Setiap karang yang ditemukan dalam kuadran dicatat pada data sheet dan mengambil gambar dengan camera underwater. Persentase tutupan karang batu tertinggi diperoleh pada stasiun 3 yaitu sebesar 1,46 % dan tutupan terendah pada stasiun 1 yaitu 0,13 %. Pola distribusi karang batu pada ketiga stasiun masing (mengelompok). Pada ketiga kedalaman ini tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antara jumlah koloni, persentase tutupan dan panjang diameter.
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Liu, Yuan, Yuchen Dai, Xiaoyan Shen, and Dongsheng Li. "Sealing Test of Gas Valve Cover of Gas Meter Based on Line Laser Triangulation Method." American Journal of Optics and Photonics 8, no. 4 (2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20200804.11.
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Tokura, Luciene Kazue, Deonir Secco, Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior, Jair Antonio Cruz Siqueira, Alessandra Mayumi Tokura Alovisi, Andersson Barison, Willian Isao Tokura, et al. "Use of cover crops in Oxisol and its effects on yield and soybean oil content." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 12 (September 24, 2021): e353101220514. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20514.
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In the no-tillage system, soils generally exhibit some degree of compaction that limits agricultural production. In this scenario, the use of soil cover plants is one of the alternatives capable of improving the structural quality of the soil and increasing the productivity of crops, such as soybeans. In the context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of plant cover species and management systems on the improvement of the physical characteristics of a Oxisol and its effects on the production and content of soybean oil. The treatments consisted of control, no-tillage system with gypsum, chiseling system, and 12 treatments with soil cover species composed of 6 summer species and 6 winter species, in completely randomized design. Soil samples were collected in the 0-0.1; 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.3 m layers for determination of bulk density (BD), total porosity (TP), microporosity, macroporosity, and saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) in 2014, 2017, 2018. Grain yield, oil content, thousand-seed weight, mean plant height and number of plants per meter were evaluated in soybean crop. Mean treatment values were compared by Tukey’s test at 5% significance. Five months after the chiseling system, there was no influence on BD. The treatments did not present differences six months after the application of gypsum. BD, TP, micro and macroporosity and Ksat were the variables most influenced by the periods of the year in the three soil layers. Grain yield, oil content, thousand-seed weight, plant height and number of plants per meter were influenced by the seasons.
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Perry, Julie, Sébastien Debuisson, and Arnaud Descôtes. "Experimental training systems in Champagne: an overview of agronomical and qualitative parameters." E3S Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185001042.
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Vine implantation in Champagne is strictly regulated. Row spacing is limited to 1,50 meter and the canopy height can not exceed 1,40 m. The traditional training system is therefore characterized by narrow spaced vines. From the late eighties, different vine training systems, such as lyres, have been tested in the Champagne area. The aim is to assess their interests in the terroir of Champagne, which is characterised by its cool climate, soil profile and its customs. Whereas the lyre training showed its limits in the Champagne context, some other training systems have been implemented such as half-widely-spaced vines. These devices are characterised by a row spacing of two meters, a consistent cover crop and a canopy up to two meters. The plots are located in various places in the area and are strictly followed each year since 2006 (and 2000 for the first sites). Phenological, agronomical and ripening parameters are controlled and compared to the traditional training system plots. Experimental vinifications are done each year so that sensory analysis can be undertaken to assess the ability of these vines to produce wines with a Champagne typicality. The results of this experimental device show interesting conclusions on the agronomical behaviour of experimental widely-spaced vines in a cool climate region. Spring frost resistance, cover crop management and ripening are some elements which show differences between the reference traditional system (REF) and the widely-spaced vines (VSL).
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Tuti H., M. I. Yosephine. "CONDITION AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF STONY CORAL IN BUNGURAN, SOUTHWEST NATUNA ISLANDS, INDONESIA." Marine Research in Indonesia 37, no. 1 (March 4, 2015): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/mri.v37i1.32.
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Bunguran waters is part of Natuna waters consisting of several small islands located in the southern part of South China Sea, between Sumatera and Kalimantan Island. This paper reported results of a study on spatial distribution and condition of coral reefs and other biota in Bunguran waters,i.e. percentage cover and diversity of coral species. The observation was conducted using line intercept transect (LIT) on eight stations distributed in Salor Island, Sedanau Island, Komang Island, Kumbik Island, Depeh Strait, Sabangmawang Island, Pulau Tiga Village and Tekolampak Cape. The results showed that the reef type of Bunguran were mostly fringing reef dominated by Porites cylindrica, P. lutea and P. rus. Porites spp. were evenly distributed in all location observed. A total of 115 coral species belonging to 16 genera were found and the percentage of living coral cover ranged from 43.20 to 63.53 %. Coral cover reached their maximum at 10–15 meter depth and decreased rapidly coincident with the increasing depth. In general, the condition of coral cover was in “good†category with the average percentage living cover of coral was estimated 51.38%.
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Ren, Cai, and Du. "Surface Heterogeneity-Involved Estimation of Sample Size for Accuracy Assessment of Land Cover Product from Satellite Imagery." Sensors 19, no. 20 (October 12, 2019): 4430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204430.
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Sample size estimation is a key issue for validating land cover products derived from satellite images. Based on the fact that present sample size estimation methods account for the characteristics of the Earth’s subsurface, this study developed a model for estimating sample size by considering the scale effect and surface heterogeneity. First, we introduced a watershed with different areas to indicate the scale effect on the sample size. Then, by employing an all-subsets regression feature selection method, three landscape indicators describing the aggregation and diversity of the land cover patches were selected (from 14 indicators) as the main factors for indicating the surface heterogeneity. Finally, we developed a multi-level linear model for sample size estimation using explanatory variables, including the estimated sample size (n) calculated from the traditional statistical model, size of the test region, and three landscape indicators. As reference data for developing this model, we employed a case study in the Jiangxi Province using a 30 meter spatial resolution global land cover product (Globeland30) from 2010 as a classified map, and national 30 meter land use/cover change (LUCC) data from 2010 in China. The results showed that the adjusted square coefficient of R2 is 0.79, indicating that the joint explanatory ability of all predictive variables in the model to the sample size is 79%. This means that the predictability of this model is at a good level. By comparing the sample size NsNS obtained by the developed multi-level linear model and n as calculated from the statistics model, we find that NsNsNS is much smaller than n, which mainly contributes to the concerns regarding surface heterogeneity in this study. The validity of the established model is tested and is proven as effective in the Anhui Province. This indicates that the estimated sample size from considering the scale effect and spatial heterogeneity in this study achieved the same accuracy as that calculated from a probability statistical model, while simultaneously saving more time, labour, and money in the accuracy assessment of a land cover dataset.
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Tanusi, Gabriel, and Dafrosa Eno Keo. "Analisis Kinerja Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum Tirta Benari Bajawa Dengan Pendekatan Balance scorecard." Analisis 18, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/analisis.v18i2.300.
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This research aims to determine the performance of PDAM Tirta Benari Bajawa year 2015-2017 seen from the perspective of financial, customer, internal business, growth and learning. The data used in this research is quantitative data sourced from secondary data, financial report, and data published by PDAM Tirta Benari Bajawa from 2015 to 2017. Measurement of Financial Perspective performance using profit margins and return on invetment, measurement of customer perspective performance using customer acquisition aspects, customer retention, and pelagic profitability. Measurement of internal business process perspective performance using water-meter replacement aspect. Measurement of growth and learning perspective performance using employee training aspects. The results showed that the financial perspective is poor, because the company has not increased the sales volume of water well, causing the water sales turnover could not cover the cost-operational costs. The performance of the customer's perspective is poor, due to the average every year the number of new customers is not comparable to the number of subscribers as a result of the unoptimized service provided. Performance of internal business perspective is less good, this is due to management less attention to the change of meter whose economic age is over, causing a lot of water meter that is not functioning properly. The performance of the growth and learning erspective is lacking, this is because management pays attention to the development of employee-specific employee skills through technical training training. In general, the performance of the PDAM management Tirta Benari Bajawa is said to be less good, so that the management of the company should improve the service to customers through the distribution of water continuously every day so as to increase the volume Water sales and cover operational costs.
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Mahendran, K. H., R. Sridharan, T. Gnanasekaran, and G. Periaswami. "A Meter for Measuring Hydrogen Concentration in Argon Cover Gas of Sodium Circuits: Design and Development." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 37, no. 4 (April 1998): 1398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie970508j.
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Sailani, Sunaina. "TO STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF FLAT PLATE SOLAR WATER HEATER PV CELLS." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 3 (February 14, 2020): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i3.2018.188.
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In this study we are obtaining the maximum temperature of solar water heater using of PV cells. The flat plate solar water heater are consisting using several parts such as collector , flat plate glass , circulating pump, PV cells , frame . The centrifugal pump is operated by PV Cells. Water temperature is measured by digital temperature meter. Hot water is storage in container. The most elements of these are a clear front cover, collector housing associated an absorbent material.