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Journal articles on the topic 'Covered and uncovered credit'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Butakova, Nadezhda Alexandrovna. "Letter Of Credit as a Payment Instrument of the Export-Import Deal." Theoretical and Applied Law, no. 1 (June 7, 2019): 81–87. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15350739.

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Letter of credit — a financial term, one of the types of payment instruments between the participants of export-import contract. Today the letter of credit is recognized by financiers in all over the world as the most universal way of payment in foreign economic activity. The letter of credit allows the businessmen to solve several problems at once. The letter of credit guarantees: minimization of possible legal risks; additional insurance against unfair contractors in a foreign trade. Russian companies that have experience of working with international partners on the basis of long-term

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2

Tahir Sarfaraz, Mohammad, Mohamad Sabri B Zakaria та Abdul Bari Awang. "المعالجة الشرعية للالتزامات المالية المحرمة على البنوك الأفغانية بعد تحولها إلى النظام المصرفي الإسلامي: دراسة فقهية تحليلية". AL-HIKMAH: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC STUDIES AND HUMAN SCIENCES 8, № 1 (2025): 236–70. https://doi.org/10.46722/hikmah.v8i1.572.

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ملخص البحث يهدف هذا البحث إلى معالجة أحد التحديات التي تواجه أسلمة البنوك، وهو الالتزامات المالية المحرمة التي نشأت نتيجة العمل في ظل النظام المصرفي التقليدي. وتكمن المشكلة في أن تصفية تلك الالتزامات تتطلب البحث عن البدائل والخطوات العملية للتغلب على هذا التحدي. وباستخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، توصلت الدراسة إلى أن المقصود بالالتزامات المحرمة هنا هو كل ما استحقه الآخرون على المصرف بموجب عقود محرمة قبل التحول، مما يستوجب تجنب الوفاء بهذه الالتزامات بأي وسيلة مشروعة، حتى لو استلزم الأمر تحمل تعويضات مالية لفسخها والتخلي عنها. كما بينت الدراسة أن الودائع الجارية لا تحتاج إلى معالجة نظرًا لخلوها

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Israelov, Roni, and Lars N. Nielsen. "Covered Calls Uncovered." Financial Analysts Journal 71, no. 6 (2015): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/faj.v71.n6.1.

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Duvanskiy, V. A., A. S. Vodoleev, D. L. Kriazhev, and I. I. Yarotskov. "COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE USE OF COATED AND UNCOATED SELF-EXPANDABLE METALLIC STENTS IN MALIGNANT COLORECTAL OBSTRUCTION." Grekov's Bulletin of Surgery 178, no. 6 (2020): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/0042-4625-2019-178-6-41-46.

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THE OBJECTIVE was to compare the efficacy and rate of complications in patients of groups with uncovered and covered colorectal stents.METHODS AND MATERIALS. The study included 102 patients who were admitted for emergency with symptoms of malignant colon obstruction, who were randomly installed covered and uncovered SEMS from December 2012 to September 2017.RESULTS. Clinical success was achieved with uncovered stents in 98 % of cases and 96 % with covered stents (relative risk (RR) 1.02). 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.954–1.092). The incidence of complications in the group of uncovered stent

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Park, Chan Hyuk, Se Woo Park, Jang Han Jung, Eun Suk Jung, Jung Hee Kim, and Da Hae Park. "Comparative Efficacy of Various Stents for Palliation in Patients with Malignant Extrahepatic Biliary Obstruction: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 2 (2021): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11020086.

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Although many studies have investigated the efficacy of stent placement for patients with malignant extrahepatic biliary obstruction, the clinical outcomes and adverse events of biliary stenting have not been comprehensively evaluated. We searched all relevant randomized-controlled trials that evaluated the comparative efficacy of biliary stents, including the plastic stents, uncovered self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs), and covered SEMSs in patients with malignant extrahepatic biliary obstructions. Twenty-one studies with 2326 patients were included. Both uncovered and covered SEMSs had a l

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Liu, Betty, Nimit K. Lad, Amber T. Collins, et al. "In Vivo Tibial Cartilage Strains in Regions of Cartilage-to-Cartilage Contact and Cartilage-to-Meniscus Contact in Response to Walking." American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 12 (2017): 2817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546517712506.

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Background: There are currently limited human in vivo data characterizing the role of the meniscus in load distribution within the tibiofemoral joint. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to compare the strains experienced in regions of articular cartilage covered by the meniscus to regions of cartilage not covered by the meniscus. It was hypothesized that in response to walking, tibial cartilage covered by the meniscus would experience lower strains than uncovered tibial cartilage. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knees of 8 healthy v

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Prokopczuk, Marcel, Jan B. Siewert, and Volker Vonhoff. "Credit risk in covered bonds." Journal of Empirical Finance 21 (March 2013): 102–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2012.12.003.

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8

Tringali, Alberto, Cesare Hassan, Matteo Rota, Marta Rossi, Massimiliano Mutignani, and Lars Aabakken. "Covered vs. uncovered self-expandable metal stents for malignant distal biliary strictures: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Endoscopy 50, no. 06 (2018): 631–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-125062.

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Abstract Background Self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) are used for palliation of distal malignant biliary strictures, but the role of covered SEMS is less clear. We performed an up-to-date meta-analysis to compare the performance of covered and uncovered SEMS in patients with unresectable distal malignant biliary strictures. Methods A computerized medical search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library between 2000 and December 2016 to identify all randomized trials that compared covered with uncovered SEMS in patients with distal malignant biliary strictures. Primary ou

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9

Şentürk, Mustafa, Murat Çakır, Mehmet Aykut Yıldırım, and Ömer Kişi. "Stent Applications for Palliative Treatment in Advanced Stage Esophageal Cancers." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2021 (October 18, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8034948.

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Background and Aim. Endoscopic stenting is a generally safe and effective palliative treatment for esophageal malignancies. In this study, we aimed to present endoscopic stent applications, adverse events, and relative advantages of covered versus uncovered stents in our center. Methods. We examined cases of endoscopic stenting for palliative treatment of advanced stage esophageal cancers between January 2014 and July 2019. Age, gender, location of mass, adverse events, survival time, and stent type were evaluated. Outcomes of fully covered and uncovered self-expanding stents were compared wit

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Collins, Amber T., Micaela Kulvaranon, Charles E. Spritzer, Amy L. McNulty, and Louis E. DeFrate. "The Influence of Obesity and Meniscal Coverage on In Vivo Tibial Cartilage Thickness and Strain." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 12 (2020): 232596712096446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120964468.

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Background: Obesity, which potentially increases loading at the knee, is a common and modifiable risk factor for the development of knee osteoarthritis. The menisci play an important role in distributing joint loads to the underlying cartilage. However, the influence of obesity on the role of the menisci in cartilage load distribution in vivo is currently unknown. Purpose To measure tibial cartilage thickness and compressive strain in response to walking in areas covered and uncovered by the menisci in participants with normal body mass index (BMI) and participants with high BMI. Study Design:

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Telford, Jennifer J. "Covered or uncovered stents in the colon?" Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 72, no. 2 (2010): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2010.04.005.

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12

Gatherum, Dawn M., J. L. Anderson, S. D. Seeley, and J. L. Frisby. "`Himrod' Grape Responses to Rowcover Microclimate." HortScience 32, no. 3 (1997): 443E—443. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.443e.

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Rowcovers were placed over `Himrod' grapes during the 1992 and 1993 growing seasons to test the feasibility of manipulating the microclimate temperature sufficiently to bring the covered grapes into full bloom and harvest earlier. The rowcovers were removed from the grapes after fruit set each year. In 1992, the covered grapes bloomed 18 May, 6 days earlier than the open blocks. In 1993, full bloom in the covered grapes occurred on 29 May, 9 days earlier than the controls. However, the advanced bloom of the covered grapes did not result in the expected earlier maturity when compared to the unc

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Argo, William R., and John A. Biernbaum. "Irrigation Requirements, Root-medium pH, and Nutrient Concentrations of Easter Lilies Grown in Five Peat-based Media with and without an Evaporation Barrier." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 6 (1994): 1151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.6.1151.

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Subirrigated Easter lilies were grown in five commercially formulated root media using one water-soluble fertilizer applied independently to each medium based on water-holding capacity and water loss. The number of irrigations ranged from 12 to 20 and the amount of applied water ranged from 5.3 to 6.8 liters for the uncovered media treatments. When the root-medium surface was covered with an evaporation barrier, the average amount of applied water was reduced by 35% compared to the uncovered media. The largest effect on root media pH was between uncovered and covered media due to the reduced a

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Rahman, Fatma Fatimah, Zaizatul Zafflina Mohd Zaki, and Irma Noorazurah Mohamad. "Investigation of Evaporation Rate for Covered and Uncovered (using recycled materials) Conditions in UiTM Shah Alam." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1303, no. 1 (2024): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1303/1/012028.

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Abstract The evaporation rate varies according to temperature, humidity, and wind. The evaporation rate tends to be higher in the hot, dry months and lower in the wetter ones. This may affect the nation’s energy use, indoor air quality, and water availability. This study conducted experiments under three conditions—uncovered, partially, and fully covered to ascertain the evaporation rate at UiTM Shah Alam, Malaysia. Recycled materials such as bottle caps were used in the experiment. The study examined the evaporation rate at UiTM Shah Alam in Selangor. The study discovered that the uncovered s

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Mills, Douglas J., C. Benjamin Coffman, John R. Teasdale, et al. "Foliar Disease in Fresh-Market Tomato Grown in Differing Bed Strategies and Fungicide Spray Programs." Plant Disease 86, no. 9 (2002): 955–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.9.955.

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A 3-year field study in central Maryland evaluated foliar disease in fresh-market tomato grown using combinations of four bed strategies and three fungicide programs. Bed strategies included uncovered beds with or without a composted dairy manure amendment or beds covered with black polyethylene or hairy vetch mulch. Fungicide programs included no fungicide, weekly fungicide, or fungicide applications scheduled according to the TOMCAST disease predictor. In plots with hairy vetch-covered beds, early blight caused by Alternaria solani, Septoria leaf spot caused by Septoria lycopersici, and defo

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Jasińska, Karolina D., Joanna Babińska-Werka, and Dagny Krauze-Gryz. "A test of wildlife warning reflectors as a way to reduce risk of wildlife-train collisions." Nature Conservation 47 (March 25, 2022): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.47.73052.

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Looking for an effective method to reduce risk of animal-train collisions, we tested the system of wildlife warning reflectors, a method usually used on roads. The research was conducted in central Poland, along a 2.1 km stretch of the E65 railway line near Warsaw, during eight months, in the years 2010–2011. For six months of a test period, the reflectors were uncovered (active) and, for the next two months of the control period, they were covered (non-active). Digital cameras were used to register animal reactions to trains 24-hours per day. We compared the probability of escape (escape = 1;

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Pratomo, Devanto Shasta. "How does the minimum wage affect employment statuses of youths?: evidence of Indonesia." Journal of Economic Studies 43, no. 2 (2016): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-07-2014-0131.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of minimum wage on youth employment across employment statuses in Indonesia. This study uses the National Labour Force Survey (Sakernas) from 2010 to 2012. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses a multinomial logit model to see the youth distribution across different employment status changes as a result of an increase in the minimum wage. Five categories of youth employment statuses are examined including self-employed; unpaid family workers; paid employees in the covered sector; paid employees in the uncovered sectors; and

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Jasińska, Karolina D., Joanna Babińska-Werka, and Dagny Krauze-Gryz. "A test of wildlife warning reflectors as a way to reduce risk of wildlife-train collisions." Nature Conservation 47 (March 25, 2022): 303–16. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.47.73052.

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Looking for an effective method to reduce risk of animal-train collisions, we tested the system of wildlife warning reflectors, a method usually used on roads. The research was conducted in central Poland, along a 2.1 km stretch of the E65 railway line near Warsaw, during eight months, in the years 2010–2011. For six months of a test period, the reflectors were uncovered (active) and, for the next two months of the control period, they were covered (non-active). Digital cameras were used to register animal reactions to trains 24-hours per day. We compared the probability of escape (escape = 1;

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19

Wang, Jinguo, and Hu Zheng. "Experimental study on the effect of temperature and flux conditions on moisture distribution in vadose zone soil." Water Science and Technology 75, no. 4 (2016): 881–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.569.

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Moisture distribution in vadose zone soil is the most important parameter for land productivity and vegetation status of ecological systems, and is sensitive to temperature variation. In this study, laboratory scale tests were conducted to determine the effect of temperature on variation in moisture distribution in covered and uncovered conditions. The results indicated that soil moisture from 2.65 to 20 cm was positively correlated with temperature and temperature gradient, and the top 2.65 to 5 cm was dramatically influenced by temperature changes in both covered and uncovered conditions. Th

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Ürkek, Bayram, and Yusuf TUNÇTÜRK. "DIFFERENT HOMOGENIZATION PRESSURE AND PACKING MATERIAL TREATMENTS IN KASHAR CHEESE PRODUCTION AND EFFECTS ON CHEMICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 54, no. 3 (2024): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2024.1173.

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In this study, Kashar cheese milk was homogenized at three different levels (0, 10 and 15 MPa). The produced Kashar cheeses were ripened for 90 d at 4 ºC as covered with paraffin or uncovered. Some chemical, proteolysis, lipolysis, peroxide and thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and microbiological characteristics of Kashar cheeses were examined during storage. The values of all chemical, biochemical and microbiological parameters increased at the end of ripening compared with at the beginning of ripening in all samples. Proteolysis values in cheese samples generally decreased with homogenization pres

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Chiari, Wainer César, Vagner de Alencar Arnaut de Toledo, Maria Claudia Colla Ruvolo-Takasusuki, et al. "Floral biology and behavior of Africanized honeybees Apis mellifera in soybean (Glycine max L. Merril)." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 48, no. 3 (2005): 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132005000300006.

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This research was carried out to evaluate the pollination by Africanized honeybees Apis mellifera, the floral biology and to observe the hoarding behavior in the soybean flowers (Glycine max Merril), var. BRS-133. The treatments were constituted of demarcated areas for free visitation of insects, covered areas by cages with a honeybee colony (A. mellifera) and also covered areas by cage without insects visitation. All areas had 24 m² (4m x 6m). The soybean flowers stayed open for a larger time (82.82 ± 3.48 hours) in covered area without honeybees. The stigma of the flowers was also more recep

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Dr., Abid Hussain Prof. Dr. Shahzad Ali Khan. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ROUTINE VACCINATION COVERAGE OF CHILDREN LESS THAN 2 YEARS OF AGE IN LADY HEALTH WORKERS COVERED AND UNCOVERED AREAS IN SOUTH PUNJAB, PAKISTAN." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 09 (2018): 8849–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1421336.

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<em>The EPI structure of Pakistan is administratively union council base. Vaccinator is responsible for vaccination services in each union council. LHWs are supposed to support vaccinators in their own registered communities for vaccination activities in the field. Lady health workers have several important duties to perform but vaccinating infants against childhood communicable diseases is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions. Each union council is partially covered with LHWs. There are some areas in South Punjab where routine EPI coverage is below benchmark. The main ai

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Jovanović, Slobodan. "Credit card insurance." Tokovi osiguranja 38, no. 2 (2022): 52–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tokosig2202052j.

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This paper first briefly discusses the legal nature and legal framework of the loan and credit card agreement, its specific mandatory elements, and the relationship between such agreement and the credit card insurance agreement, followed by particular aspects of a credit card, its economic importance, and wide spread presence. The second part of the paper deals with the classification of this non-life insurance service, and the nature and scope of risks covered by insurance. The accessory nature of the contract for credit card insurance is pointed out. The author divides the insurance of the c

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Prinz, Robert, Johanna Routa, Erik Anerud, Dan Bergström, and Lauri Sikanen. "Performance of an Innovative Bio-Based Wood Chip Storage Pile Cover—Can It Replace Plastic Tarps?" Energies 15, no. 5 (2022): 1680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051680.

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There is currently great general interest in reducing the use of fossil-based materials. Fossil-based tarps are still widely used as cover for wood chip storage piles, causing additional waste or requiring further waste treatment in the supply chain. This study aimed to investigate the performance of an innovative bio-based wood chip pile cover compared to conventional treatments (plastic-covered and uncovered) in eastern Finnish conditions. The experiment evaluated the drying process during the storage of stemwood chips during 5.9 months of storage. It included the developments of temperature

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Peterson, Robert K. D., Collin J. Preftakes, Jennifer L. Bodin, Christopher R. Brown, Alyssa M. Piccolomini, and Jerome J. Schleier. "Determinants of acute mortality ofHippodamia convergens(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to ultra-low volume permethrin used for mosquito management." PeerJ 4 (June 23, 2016): e2167. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2167.

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There are relatively few experimental studies and risk assessments of the effects on non-target insects from ultra-low volume (ULV) insecticides used for management of adult mosquitoes. Therefore, we evaluated factors that may influence the ability of an insect to intercept the insecticide at the time of application by usingHippodamia convergens(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in field bioassay experiments in 2011 and 2015. Treatment factors included different distances, two cage heights (ground-level and 1.5 m above ground) to the point of the application, and covered vs. uncovered cage faces (201

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Hills, Katherine S., Kapil B. Chopra, Arabinda Pal, and David Westaby. "Self-expanding metal oesophageal endoprostheses, covered and uncovered." European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 10, no. 5 (1998): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042737-199805000-00003.

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Thoma, Robert, and Matthias Bierling. "Motion compensating interpolation considering covered and uncovered background." Signal Processing: Image Communication 1, no. 2 (1989): 191–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-5965(89)90009-x.

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28

Liao, Gordon Y. "Credit migration and covered interest rate parity." Journal of Financial Economics 138, no. 2 (2020): 504–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.06.002.

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Kiesel, Florian, Felix Lücke, and Dirk Schiereck. "Regulation of uncovered sovereign credit default swaps – evidence from the European Union." Journal of Risk Finance 16, no. 4 (2015): 425–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-02-2015-0025.

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Purpose – This study aims to analyze the impact and effectiveness of the regulation on the European sovereign Credit Default Swap (CDS) market. The European sovereign debt crisis has drawn considerable attention to the CDS market. CDS have the ability of a speculative instrument to bet against a sovereign default. Therefore, the Regulation (EU) No. 236/2012 was introduced as the worldwide first uncovered CDS regulation. It prohibits buying uncovered sovereign CDS contracts in the European Union (EU). Design/methodology/approach – First, this paper measures spread changes of sovereign CDS of th

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FOLINA, Antigolena, Ioannis ROUSSIS, Varvara KOUNELI, et al. "Evaluation of Woven Agrotextiles in the Development of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in Greenhouse." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 77, no. 1 (2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2019.0023.

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The effect of the reflection by a white agrotextile, in hemp cultivation, was evaluated on a greenhouse experiment during 2019. The experiments were laid out in a completely randomized design with two treatments (soil cover and control). The results indicated that the average temperature in the covered area section was 28.5ºC while in the uncovered area was 25.12ºC, during the experiment. Concerning height, higher plants up to 20 cm, were recorded on the covered area than the uncovered one. The highest specific leaf area (SLA) (58.39 cm2 g-1) was found on the covered area at 60 days after tran

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Fluder-Wlodarczyk, Joanna, Zofia Schneider, Tomasz Pawłowski, Wojciech Wojakowski, Pawel Gasior, and Elżbieta Pociask. "Assessment of Effectiveness of the Algorithm for Automated Quantitative Analysis of Metallic Strut Tissue Short-Term Coverage with Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 15 (2024): 4336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13154336.

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Background: Due to its high resolution, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the most suitable modality for neointimal coverage assessments. Evaluation of stent healing seems crucial to accurately define their safety profile since delayed healing is connected with stent thrombosis. This study aimed to present an algorithm for automated quantitative analysis of stent strut coverage at the early stages of vessel healing in intravascular OCT. Methods: A set of 592 OCT frames from 24 patients one month following drug-eluting stent implantation was used to assess the algorithm’s effectiveness. Str

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Chavarria, Geraldo, Henrique Pessoa dos Santos, Luis Antônio Suita de Castro, Gilmar Arduíno Bettio Marodin, and Homero Bergamaschi. "Anatomy, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic potential in grapevine leaves under plastic cover." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 34, no. 3 (2012): 661–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452012000300003.

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The present study evaluated the anatomy, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic potential of grapevine leaves grown under plastic cover. The experiment was carried out in vineyards of Moscato Giallo cultivar covered and uncovered with plastic. A block design with 10 selected plants was used for each area (covered and uncovered). Twelve leaves (six of them fully exposed to solar radiation and six grown under shaded conditions) were collected from each area and were fixed and analyzed microscopically (thickness of the adaxial and abaxial epidermis and of the palisade and spongy parenchymas). Chl

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Baldwin, Roger A., Ryan Meinerz, and Steve B. Orloff. "The impact of attractants on pocket gopher trapping." Current Zoology 60, no. 4 (2014): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/60.4.472.

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Abstract Pocket gophers (Geomyidae) have an extensive impact on both natural and agricultural systems. Trapping is a technique often used to sample and manage these populations. The identification of an attractant that increases capture rates of pocket gophers would greatly assist researchers and pest management professionals alike. Therefore, we tested the attractiveness of four attractants (peanut butter, anise, grapefruit attractant, and carrot) plus a control (no attractant) using uncovered and covered trap sets to determine what impact they have on visitation and capture rates of pocket g

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Delgermaa, B., and O. Sunjidmaa. "A survey of microorganism and its biological effects in the straw covered field." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 15, no. 2 (2015): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v15i2.552.

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This study compared and determined the quantities, types and biological activities of microorganisms in the soil covered and uncovered with straw. By creating straw mulch on the soil, the number of /nitrogen fixation/ useful bacteria has increased 1.3-2.2 times more than in the uncovered field. Also the cellular depleting bacteria around 0.7 million pieces, and the number of fungal pathogen 0.17 million pieces more than in the uncovered version. The soil biological activity has decreased 0.0037-0.0009 kg. hour/ha at the beginning of planting and at the end of harvesting. It depends on the numb

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Lodge, GM. "Seedling emergence and survival of annual pasture legumes in northern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 4 (1996): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9960559.

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Seedling emergence and survival of 15 annual pasture legumes was studied in the field at Tamworth, northern New South Wales. Emergence was measured in permanent quadrats (0.09 m2) in covered and uncovered areas approximately every 15 days from 30 November 1983 to 30 November 1984. Survival of seedlings was estimated from 15 December 1983 to 31 August 1984, before plants senesced. Emergence was generally highest in summer and autumn following seed set and lowest in winter and spring. Two legumes, Medicago scutellata cv. Sava and Trifolium subterraneum cv. Seaton Park, had high emergence in wint

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Dwyer, L. M., B. L. Ma, J. Ying, and G. C. Topp. "A field method for screening maize cold to lerance." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 85, no. 2 (2005): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p04-072.

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Screening of cold-tolerant genotypes is hampered by the lack of a reliable field-evaluation method. A study was conducted to develop a field screening method for cold tolerance by recreating seedbed conditions limiting seed growth and quantifying the effect of those limiting parameters on the germination and emergence of two maize hybrids. By comparing maize germination and emergence in uncovered control plots with those covered with reflective insulation, differences were monitored in soil temperature, soil water content, oxygen and air content. Maize germination and emergence were monitored,

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Lee, C. M., and R. Wall. "Cow-dung colonization and decomposition following insect exclusion." Bulletin of Entomological Research 96, no. 3 (2006): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ber2006428.

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AbstractThe rate of dung-pat degradation in cattle pastures in south west England was examined between May and September 2002, using batches of standardized, 1.5 kg, artificially-formed cow pats. In pats in which insects were allowed free access, the rate of disappearance, measured as ash-free dry weight, was faster in spring than summer and the loss of organic matter ranged between 0.69 and 1.99% per day, equating to an estimated time for complete disappearance of 57–78 and 88–111 days in spring and summer, respectively. To assess the role of colonizing insects on decomposition, six batches o

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T. M., Gbigbi,, Okoh, R. N., and Achoja, F. O. "Evaluating the Differential Role of Public-Private Credit Sources in Financing Climate Change Adaptation Technologies for Rural Farmers in Delta State, Nigeria." Research Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development 3, no. 2 (2024): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/rjaed-yjtoqvud.

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This study analyses the differential role of public and private credit sources in financing climate change adaptation technologies among rural farmers in Delta State, Nigeria. A multiple-stage random sampling procedure was utilized, and data were collected from 338 farmers employing a semi-structured questionnaire. The investigation uncovered that the average income from formal credit sources (N212,553.85) was essentially higher than from informal sources (N137,514.79). Variables impacting the volume of credit from informal sources included farming experience, marital status, cooperative parti

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Tanimu, J., E.O. Uyovbisere, S.W.J. Lyocks, and Y. Tanimu. "Assessment of Some Handling Practices on Cow Dung: Calcium and Magnesium Content and Total Microbial Population in the Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria." Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2, no. 6 (2012): 246–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3373400.

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The handling practices of cow dung were examined in two (2003 and 2004) seasons to determine their effects on the Calcium and Magnesium content and the microbial population in Northern Nigeria. The experiment consisted of four treatments (surface heaped uncovered, surface heaped covered and pit covered) and a control (untreated). The results revealed that, subjecting the cow dung to different handling practices significantly (P < 0.05) increased values of Calcium and Magnesium and the total bacterial and fungal populations, compared to the control. At termination of composting of the cow du

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Abooalizadeh, Zahra, Leszek Josef Sudak, and Philip Egberts. "Nanoscale spatial mapping of mechanical properties through dynamic atomic force microscopy." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 10 (July 3, 2019): 1332–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.10.132.

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Dynamic atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to spatially map the elastic modulus of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), specifically by using force modulation microscopy (FMM) and contact resonance (CR) AFM. In both of these techniques, a variation in the amplitude signal was observed when scanning over an uncovered step edge of HOPG. In comparison, no variation in the amplitude signal was observed when scanning over a covered step on the same surface. These observations qualitatively indicate that there is a variation in the elastic modulus over uncovered steps and no variation

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Børve, J., E. Skaar, L. Sekse, M. Meland, and E. Vangdal. "Rain Protective Covering of Sweet Cherry Trees—Effects of Different Covering Methods on Fruit Quality and Microclimate." HortTechnology 13, no. 1 (2003): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.13.1.0143.

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Three different rain protective covering methods for sweet cherry (Prunus avium) trees were tested with uncovered trees as control. The covers were a pitched cover mounted permanently, a similar cover mounted only when raining, and a permanent umbrella type enveloping the top and sides of single trees. Covers were mounted 3 weeks before and throughout the harvest period in two seasons with different weather conditions. All three covering methods increased the amount of marketable fruit from 54% on uncovered to 89% on covered trees in mean of 2 years. Fruit from umbrella covered trees had lower

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Wan, Hao Chuan, Yi Nong Li, and Ling Zheng. "Improved Transfer Matrix Method in Analysis of Cylindrical Shell with Partially Covered Constrained Layer Damping." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 1655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.1655.

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The transfer matrix method in analysis of cylindrical shell with partially covered ring-shape constrained layer damping is improved. In this new method, state vector and boundary condition vectors are independent, so the computation of state vectors first derivative is simplified. An association matrix is introduced to connect state vectors and boundary condition vectors. In the uncovered section, the parameters of damping layer and constrained layer are considered as constant and leaded into state vectors and boundary condition vectors, so the transfer matrixs dimension of uncovered and cover

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Grigg, Emma K., Lindsay Pick, and Belle Nibblett. "Litter box preference in domestic cats: covered versus uncovered." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 15, no. 4 (2012): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x12465606.

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Daud, Intan Zulaikha, Zaizatul Zafflina Mohd Zaki, Irma Noorazurah Mohammad, and Fauzi Baharudin. "Evaporation rate for covered and uncovered condition case study: UiTM Shah Alam." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1205, no. 1 (2023): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1205/1/012017.

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Abstract High development, urbanization, and industrial activity in urban areas contribute to greenhouse gases emission that increases ambient temperatures. These phenomena influence the hydrological cycle as it speeds up the rate of evaporation in water storage. Sufficient water resource is essential as it helps to grow social and economic activities in a country. The study developed three aluminium evaporation pan models with 225 mm diameter and 80 mm width to measure the evaporation in UiTM Shah Alam. Each pan was covered using ping pong balls as a floating cover with a different percentage

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Bodanza, Gustavo, and Sebastián Linares Lejarraga. "Rousseau’s General Will as a Bound for Strategic Self-Interested Voting." REVISTA LATINOAMERICANA DE FILOSOFÍA 48, no. 1 (2022): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36446/rlf2022263.

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Condorcet’s voting method, as its extension known as the Kemeny-Young rule, is often seen as the incarnation of Rousseau’s general will. But the Kemeny-Young rule has problems when cycles in the social ranking arise. In particular, it can lead to choose a “covered” alternative, i.e. one for which there are candidates with better performances in pairwise comparisons. On the other hand, the uncovered set, the set of all the alternatives that are not covered, puts limits to insincere votes of sophisticated voters under certain conditions. Basically, voting insincerelly for a non-preferred alterna

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Fayyadh, Osamah Ali, Intan Nur Ain Arifin, Azelah Khairudin, et al. "Effect of Conductive Layer Condition on the Morphology of Anodic Aluminum Oxide Template-Assisted Indium Antimonide Nanowires." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 5 (2020): 3157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17386.

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Indium antimonide nanowires were synthesized by electrochemical deposition using anodic aluminum oxide template in the presence of gold film as conductive layers. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry measurements were carried out to investigate the effect of adhesive insulated tape covered below the conductive layer. Results showed that the anodic aluminum oxide template covered with insulating tapes had better morphology with less presence of overgrown rough film on the topside of the anodic aluminum oxide template and it exhibited a smoother na

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Pari, Luigi, Simone Bergonzoli, Paola Cetera, et al. "Storage of Fine Woodchips from a Medium Rotation Coppice Eucalyptus Plantation in Central Italy." Energies 13, no. 9 (2020): 2355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092355.

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Eucalyptus spp. has received attention from the research and industrial field as a biomass crop because of its fast growth and high productivity. The features of this species match with the increasing demand for wood for energy production. Commonly, the wood used for energy production is converted in chips, a material susceptible to microbial degradation and energy losses if not properly stored before conversion. This study aims at investigating two outdoor storage systems of Eucalyptus wood chips (covered vs. uncovered), assessing the variation in moisture content, dry matter losses and fuel

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Choi, Young-Min, and Dong-Geun Choi. "Effects of Trunk Covering and Airflow Treatment on Sap Flux and Bud Burst During the Dormant Stage in ‘Fuji’ Apples." Horticulturae 11, no. 2 (2025): 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11020108.

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The effects of recent climate change, including warm winters and repeated temperature fluctuations during dormancy, can lead to freezing injuries that result in significant economic losses in the fruit industry. This study aimed to examine the physiological responses of ‘Fuji’/M9 apple trees to trunk covering and continuous airflow treatments over 30 days, providing insights into mitigating freezing damage. The temperature difference between the sunlit and shaded sides of the trunk was lower in the whitewashed and foam insulation-covered treatments compared to those covered with newspaper, ric

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Shepherd, Marion W., Jinkyung Kim, Xiuping Jiang, Michael P. Doyle, and Marilyn C. Erickson. "Evaluation of Physical Coverings Used To Control Escherichia coli O157:H7 at the Compost Heap Surface." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 14 (2011): 5044–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02940-10.

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ABSTRACTThroughout four field trials, compost heaps covered with finished compost maintained temperatures under the physical covering that were ca. 7 to 15.5°C higher, resulting in rapidEscherichia coliO157:H7 reduction, than those of the heaps covered with fresh straw or left uncovered. Our results validated recommendations made by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for covering fresh compost.

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Aflatuni, Abbas, Riitta Kemppainen, Alpo Heinonen, and Tiina Hakonen. "The effects of a non-woven cover in combination with different soil mulches in strawberry cultivation." Agricultural and Food Science 6, no. 5-6 (1997): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72800.

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The effects of a non-woven cover and three different soil mulches on the timing of harvest and on the yield of strawberry were examined in two field experiments in northern Finland during 1989-1993. The non-woven cover was used either in spring or in both autumn and in spring. Non-covered plants served as controls. Depending on the year, plants covered in spring alone gave a significantly earlier (4 to 9 days) marketable yield than did uncovered plants. The non-woven cover had no effect on marketable yield at Sotkamo but at Rovaniemi it increased the yield, especially in cold years. The use of

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