Academic literature on the topic 'Covered View Area'
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Journal articles on the topic "Covered View Area"
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Molenda-Żakowicz, Joanna, Peter De Cat, Jian-Ning Fu, An-Bing Ren, Antonio Frasca, and Giovanni Catanzaro. "The Kepler field of view covered with the LAMOST spectroscopic observations." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, A29B (August 2015): 514–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316006013.
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AbstractThe Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) at the Xinglong observatory in China is a 4-m telescope equipped with 4,000 optical fibres. In 2010, we initiated the LAMOST-Kepler project which aimed at collecting low-resolution spectra of stars from the Kepler Input Catalog covering uniformly the Kepler field of view. The first round of the LAMOST-Kepler project has been completed in September 2014 resulting in more than 100,000 low-resolution spectra. We used those data to derive the effective temperature, the surface gravity, and the mean metallicity of our targets, as well as to detect fast rotators, and to identify emission-line stars. Our results are consistent with those reported in the literature and derived from high-resolution spectroscopy. The second round of the LAMOST-Kepler project will allow to improve the coverage of the Kepler field and to repeat observations of selected targets.
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Sánchez, Sebastián F. "IFUs surveys, a panoramic view of galaxy evolution." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S309 (July 2014): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314009375.
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AbstractWe present here a brief summary of the currenly on-going IFU surveys of galaxies in teh Local Universe, describing their main characteristics, including their sample selections, instrumental setups, wavelength ranges, and area of the galaxies covered. Finally, we make an emphasis on the main characteristics of the CALIFA survey and the more recent results that has been recently published.
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Catapano, Domenico, Chris A. Sloffer, Giorgio Frank, Ernesto Pasquini, Vincenzo A. D’Angelo, and Giuseppe Lanzino. "Comparison between the microscope and endoscope in the direct endonasal extended transsphenoidal approach: anatomical study." Journal of Neurosurgery 104, no. 3 (March 2006): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2006.104.3.419.
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Object The authors compare the views afforded by the operating microscope and the endoscope in the direct endonasal extended transsphenoidal approach to the sellar, suprasellar, and parasellar regions. Methods Five formalin-fixed, silicone-injected adult cadaveric heads were studied. A direct endonasal transsphenoidal approach was performed via the right nostril, pushing aside the nasal septum. The approach was performed with the microscope first, then with the endoscope. For each step (sellar, suprasellar, and clival), the exposure afforded by direct microscopic view was measured and then compared with that obtained using the endoscope. The direct endonasal approach provides a slightly off-midline view. Although the microscope provides an adequate view of the mid-line structures and part of the contralateral parasellar areas, the addition of the endoscope allows for a more panoramic view and permits widening of the approach in all directions. Conclusions An adequate exposure of the sellar, suprasellar, and infrasellar/upper clival regions can be achieved via a simple, direct endonasal approach. From a direct endonasal route, there is a preferential visualization of the structures contralateral to the approach. The endoscope affords a more panoramic view that extends the area covered by the operating microscope.
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Couldwell, William T. "Endoscope or Microscope?" Journal of Neurosurgery 106, no. 4 (April 2007): 730–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2007.106.4.730.
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Object. The authors compare the views afforded by the operating microscope and the endoscope in the direct endonasal extended transsphenoidal approach to the sellar, suprasellar, and parasellar regions. Methods. Five formalin-fixed, silicone-injected adult cadaveric heads were studied. A direct endonasal transsphenoidal approach was performed via the right nostril, pushing aside the nasal septum. The approach was performed with the microscope first, then with the endoscope. For each step (sellar, suprasellar, and clival), the exposure afforded by direct microscopic view was measured and then compared with that obtained using the endoscope. The direct endonasal approach provides a slightly off-midline view. Although the microscope provides an adequate view of the midline structures and part of the contralateral parasellar areas, the addition of the endoscope allows for a more panoramic view and permits widening of the approach in all directions. Conclusions. An adequate exposure of the sellar, suprasellar, and infrasellar/upper clival regions can be achieved via a simple, direct endonasal approach. From a direct endonasal route, there is a preferential visualization of the structures contralateral to the approach. The endoscope affords a more panoramic view that extends the area covered by the operating microscope.
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Makhdoom, M. T. A., and S. I. Solomon. "Attempting Flow Forecasts of the Indus River, Pakistan Using Remotely Sensed Snow Cover Data." Hydrology Research 17, no. 3 (June 1, 1986): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1986.0011.
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Recent developments in collection and interpretation of remotely sensed back radiation data from the earth surface obtained by satellites has made it possible to readily delineate areas covered by snow on the earth surface. In view of this, attempts have been intensified during the last decade to generate statistical relationships between the snow covered area in a basin and the corresponding runoff during the snow-melt period. However, examination of such relationships developed specifically for forecasting purposes in the Indus River basin in Pakistan indicates that, given the current data and operational constraints, their usefulness is very limited. The need for improving collection of remotely sensed data on snow to obtain information on snow density and other auxiliary information is emphasized.
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Becker, D. E., H. Ancin, B. Roysam, and J. N. Turner. "Fast automated mosaic synthesis method for 2-D/3-D image analysis of specimens much wider than the field of view." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 224–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100168852.
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We present an efficient, robust, and widely-applicable technique for computational synthesis of wide-area images from a series of overlapping partial views. The synthesized image is the set union of the areas covered by the partial views, and is called the “mosaic”. One application is the laser-scanning confocal microscopy of specimens that are much wider than the field of view of the microscope. Another is imaging of the retinal periphery using a standard fundus imager. This technique can also be used to combine the results of various forms of image analysis, such as cell counting and neuron tracing, to generate large representations that are equivalent to processing the total mosaic, rather than the individual partial views.The synthesis begins by computing a concise set of landmark points for each partial view. The type of landmarks used can vary greatly depending on the application. For instance, in the retinal imaging application, the vascular branching and crossover points are a natural choice. Likewise, the locations of cells in Figs. 1 and 2 provide a natural set of landmarks for joining these images.
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Zhang, Hong Yu, Jiang Hu Chen, Wen Qing Wu, and Jun Hua Wu. "Stability Analysis of Unsaturated Expansive Soil Slope Covered by Geo-Membrane." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.597.
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In view of the holes appearing in different area of geo-membrane when the geo-membrane technology is applied to the unsaturated expansive soil slope, the VADOSE/W is used to analyze the wetting-drying cycles caused by rainfall and evaporation on slopes covered by geo-membrane. The influence on the pore-water pressure and volume water content were discussed just caused by the holes. The results show that the hole is nearer to the toe of slope, its impact on the whole seepage field is greater. In addition, the hole appears on the top of slope that the wetting-drying cycle effect is remarkable. It is ensured that the integrity of the geo-membrane which in the lower slope and take some drainage measures in the construction process.
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Josberger, Edward G., and Edouard Beauvillain. "Snow Cover of the Upper Colorado River Basin from Satellite Passive Microwave and Visual Imagery." Hydrology Research 20, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1989.0006.
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A comparison of passive microwave images from the Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and visual images from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) of the Upper Colorado River Basin shows that passive microwave satellite imagery can be used to determine the extent of the snow cover. Eight cloud-free DMSP images throughout the winter of 1985-1986 show the extent of the snowpack, which, when compared to the corresponding SMMR images, determine the threshold microwave characteristics for snow-covered pixels. With these characteristics, the 27 sequential SMMR images give a unique view of the temporal history of the snow cover extent through the first half of the water year. Beginning mid-November, the snow-covered area rapidly increases from near zero to 80 percent by the middle of January. During late February the snow-covered area decreases as a result of basin-wide warming. The microwave determinations initially overestimate the decrease in snow cover, as a result of liquid water in the snowpack, but the return of cooler temperatures restores the veracity of the passive microwave determinations.
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Anikeev, A. V. "Accumulation capacity of soluble rocks as the main stability index in covered karst areas." Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология, no. 5 (September 20, 2019): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-7809201953-14.
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For an engineering geologist, covered karst areas are of special interest, not only because these are the most widespread on the Earth. More important, unlike the areas of bare karst, these areas are more favorable and suitable for economic development and human life as a whole. And the study shows that the greater is the thickness of the cover series, the more true is this statement.
The local forecast of sinkholes appears to be the most important and difficult engineering geological problem in these areas. It is especially acute there, where collapses and subsidence are absent, not registered, or poorly expressed in the relief, that is, in the areas of unrealized (potential, expected) sinkhole hazard. One of the possible approaches to solving this problem is discussed in the paper. It is based on comparing the volume of incoherent and fractured rock removed from the cover deposits with the accumulation capacity of the karst massif, i.e., the volume of hollow space in the karstic massif capable of receiving and accumulating clastic material.
The most common result of soils outflow in fissure-karst reservoirs is their loosening in the deformed-destructed area of the overburden. For the three canonical schemes of this area structure, the critical values of clastic matter volume were obtained from the equation for soil mass balance before and after loosening, the further removal of which will lead to the failure of the earth's surface. Some techniques and methods for assessing the accumulation capacity of soluble rocks are considered and serious differences in the use of the discussed approach in predicting the stability of karstified and undermined territories are revealed. In particular, it is shown that in karst areas, when performing calculations, one should be guided by the maximum values of the coefficient of primary loosening of soils. Otherwise, the predicted stability of the overburden will prove to be unjustifiably underestimated. The results obtained and the procedure for assessing the stability of covered karst terrains by the proposed method are exemplified by the construction site of the main buildings of the Nizhny Novgorod NPP (3.25 km2), where there are no collapse and subsidence sinkholes. However, the entire construction site (20 km2) is located in the area of active sulphate-carbonate karst. From the engineering-geological point of view, this is the main feature of the facility design.
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Tan, Ju Jing, Olga Ponomarchuk, Ryszard Grygorczyk, and Francis Boudreault. "Wide field of view quantitative imaging of cellular ATP release." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 317, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): C566—C575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00096.2019.
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Although several mechanical stressors promote ATP secretion from eukaryotic cells, few mechanosensitive pathways for ATP release have been precisely characterized and none have been clearly identified. To facilitate progress, we report here a wide field of view (∼20 × 20 mm sample area) imaging technique paired with a quantitative image analysis to accurately map the dynamics of ATP release from a cell population. The approach has been tested on A549 cells stretched at high initial strain rate (2–5 s−1) or swelled by hypotonic shock. The amount of ATP secreted in response to a series of five graded stretch pulses (5–37% linear deformation, 1-s duration at 25°C) changed nonmonotonically with respect to strain amplitude and was inhomogeneous across the cell monolayer. In a typical experiment, extracellular ATP density averaged 250 fmol/mm2, but the area of detectable signal covered only ∼40% of the cells. In some areas, ATP accumulation peaked around 900 fmol/mm2, which corresponded to an estimated concentration of 4.5 µM. The total amount of ATP released from the combined stretch pulses reached 384 ± 224 pmol/million cells ( n = 4). Compared with stretch, hypotonic shock (50%, 30°C) elicited a more homogeneous ATP secretion from the entire cell population but at a lower yield totaling 28 ± 12 pmol/million cells ( n = 4). The quantitative extracellular ATP mapping of several thousand cells at once, with this wide field of view imaging system, will help identify ATP release pathways by providing unique insights on the dynamics and inhomogeneities of the cellular ATP secretion that are otherwise difficult to assess within the smaller field of view of a microscope.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Covered View Area"
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Glogar, Matěj. "Analýza možností odvracení střetu osobního a drážního vozidla na železničním přejezdu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232660.
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Presented diploma thesis deals with problems connected with accidents at railroad crossings from the road and railway drivers´ perspectives. The theoretical part is particularly focused on the explanation of chosen regulations associated with railroad crossings, with their construction and technical design and also with ways and options of marking in connection with railroad crossing safety system. The paper mentions the most frequent causes why dangerous situations occur. These causes arise from the railway and road drivers´ personal experience, supplemented by statistics of accidents at railroad crossings for the previous periods. The practical part analyses the options for averting a collision on two particular railroad crossings. For this purpose, the railroad crossing secured by lights and the railroad crossing secured only by a warning cross were chosen. Here, with Virtual Crash programme support, the origin of the chosen crisis situations is simulated and later options of their averting are evaluated. Finally, proposals for increasing railroad crossings safety are formulated for both cases. The appendix consists of a list of legislative regulations dealing with railroad crossings, a driving record of the rail vehicle and its technical parameters and simulation programme´s outputs.
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Pennington, Derric Neville. "LAND USE EFFECTS ON URBAN RIPARIAN BIRD COMMUNITIES DURING THE MIGRATORY AND BREEDING SEASON IN THE GREATER CINCINNATI METROPOLITAN AREA." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1071084848.
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Willingham, Alison N. "Emerging Factors Associated With The Decline Of A Gray Fox Population And Multi-Scale Land Cover Associations Of Mesopredators In The Chicago Metropolitan Area." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1228336802.
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Muñoz, Gamboa Paola Sofía. "Assessing Management of Nicaragua’s Caribbean Region Protected Areas Using Remote Sensing: The Indio Maíz Biological Reserve." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1628265519609002.
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Mlotha, McArd Joseph. "Analysis of Land Use/Land Cover Change Impacts Upon Ecosystem Services in Montane Tropical Forest of Rwanda: Forest Carbon Assessment and REDD+ Preparedness." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1527773591460797.
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Senevirathne, Chathuranga K. "Simulating Evapotranspiration in the Lower Maumee River Watershed Using a Modified Version of the Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator (BEPS) Model and Remote Sensing." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu162682057201587.
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Marambe, Kodippili Arachchilage Yahampath Anuruddha Marambe. "Monitoring Crop Evapotranspiration in the Western Lake Erie Basin Using Optical Sensors." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1535362877977252.
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Pitacas, João. "Modelo Operacional dos Corpos de Bombeiros à Escala Intermunicipal." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/35505.
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Os Corpos de Bombeiros (CB) contam com uma rede de quartéis implantada em todo o território nacional, atualmente organizada por um modelo baseado nos limites territoriais das NUTS (Nomenclatura das Unidades Territoriais para Fins Estatísticos). Será, portanto, possível rentabilizar a rede de CB no patamar sub-regional, através da implementação de critérios de desempenho dos CB, entre eles, a população abrangida dentro dos tempos de resposta convencionados.
O objetivo deste trabalho é propor uma reorganização operacional da rede de quartéis já implantada nas Sub-Regiões da Lezíria do Tejo e Médio Tejo, tendo como base um modelo da Rede Principal dos Serviços Operacionais dos Corpos de Bombeiros em Portugal Continental. Para tal, definiram-se critérios com vista à constituição de Agrupamentos de CB, que partilhando entre si áreas de atuação, permite priorizar o despacho de meios baseado no tempo de resposta dentro dos limites dos Agrupamentos. A aplicação dos critérios contemplando a rede viária existente e a distribuição da população residente, permitiu, recorrendo ao software QGIS®, aferir as zonas com necessidade de reforço da rede de quartéis.
Aplicado o modelo à área de estudo, verificou-se um aumento de 18,4% (1.401 km2) de área e de 6,1% da população (30.524 habitantes) abrangidas dentro dos tempos de referência (10 e 20 minutos). Para garantir a atividade operacional nos 24 municípios abrangidos, a rede de CB contaria 24 quartéis sede e 22 postos avançados (reforço da atual rede com 8), guarnecidos no mínimo por um efetivo total de 1.897 bombeiros profissionais.
O facto da rede de quartéis já se encontrar implantada no território alvo de estudo e apenas necessitar de reforços pontuais, deveria ser atualmente um fator desencadeador de interesse na sua rentabilização por parte das várias entidades envolvidas.Fire Departments (CB) have a network of barracks deployed throughout the national territory, currently organized by a model based on the territorial limits of the NUTS (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistical Purposes). Therefore, it will be possible to improve the fire department network at the sub-regional level, through the implementation of fire departments performance criteria, including the population coverage within the settled response times. The objective of this work is to propose an operational reorganization of the barracks network already implemented in the Sub-Regions of Lezíria do Tejo and Médio Tejo, based on a model of the Main Network of Operational Services for Fire Brigades in Mainland Portugal. To this end, criteria were defined with a view to the constitution of CB Groups, which sharing areas of activity among themselves, allows prioritizing the dispatch of means based on the response time within the limits of the Groups. The application of the criteria covering the existing road network and the distribution of the resident population, allowed, using the QGIS® software, to assess the areas in need of reinforcement of the barracks network. Applying the model to the Lezíria do Tejo and Médio Tejo sub-regions, there was an increase of 18,4% (1.401 km2) in area and 6,1% of the population (30.524 inhabitants) covered within the reference times (10 and 20 minutes). In order to guarantee operational activity in the 24 municipalities covered, the fire departments network would consist of a total of 24 headquarters and 22 outposts with a minimum of 1.897 professional firefighters. The fact that the barracks network is already implanted in the study target territory and only needs occasional reinforcements, should be a triggering factor of interest in its profitability by the various entities involved.
Books on the topic "Covered View Area"
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Hasyanova, Svetlana. Banking risks: international approaches to assessment and management. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1225278.
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The textbook is devoted to the study of issues of assessment and management of banking risks based on international approaches. The application of methods and methods for assessing, managing and minimizing risks in commercial banks is considered both from the point of view of implementing international recommendations and standards in the banking sector of the Russian Federation, and in the context of organizing internal systems and procedures in banks. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of regulatory requirements for risk assessment and capital adequacy to cover risks in accordance with international agreements developed by the Basel Committee on banking supervision. Alternative approaches to risk assessment and management, their advantages and disadvantages, prospects for use and impact on banks ' activities are analyzed. It is intended for students of master's programs of economic and financial faculties of higher education institutions, as well as for practitioners in the field of Finance and banking.
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Dyevyatkin, Olyeg, Nina Akulenko, Svetlana Baurina, Aleksandr Bobkov, Galina Bolkina, Andrey Bystrov, Darya Bystrova, et al. Economics of the enterprise (organization, firm). ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/textbook_594d2cb99ad737.28899881.
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The publication summarizes the results of the most important long-term historical stage of research by the University's faculty and is dedicated to the 110th anniversary of the founding of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (REU) and the 70th anniversary of the Department of industrial Economics of REU.
In preparing this textbook, the authors relied on the experience of teaching the discipline " Economics of an enterprise (organization, firm)" by the faculty of the Department of industrial Economics of PRUE and the results of many years of research by a team of scientists of the scientific school "Industrial and economic security".
A distinctive feature of the textbook is a systematic approach to presenting the views of the leading scientific schools of Russia in the field of Economics and management of enterprises and production complexes. Sections of the publication are supplemented with modern material that takes into account current and future trends in the development of production, and cover current issues of industrial and economic security.
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standard of higher education of the latest generation.
For students of higher education institutions studying in the field of training (specialty) 38.03.01 Economics (bachelor's level), as well as for students of postgraduate education, researchers, and other professionals interested in studying the course of the discipline " Economics of an enterprise (organization, firm)".
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Cullet, Philippe, and Sujith Koonan, eds. Regulation of Water. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199472475.003.0004.
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This chapter focuses on legal instruments that take a broad view of water regulation. There are, as yet, no framework statutory instruments at the state or Union level but drafts have been prepared and this chapter reproduces the latest draft National Water Framework Bill. The next section then moves on to water policies that have been adopted at the Union and state level for some years, highlighting here the National Water Policy, 2012. The last section focuses on an upcoming area of water law, inter-sectoral allocation of water, an issue that is not yet well covered in legal instruments. This section highlights some state-level instruments that seek to address the issue.
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Erkollar, Alptekin, ed. Enterprise & Business Management. Tectum – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783828872301.
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Organizations have always been dependent on communication, information, technology and their management. The development of information technology has sped up the importance of management information systems, which is an emerging discipline combining various aspects of informatics, information technology, and business management. Understanding the impact of information on today’s organizations requires technological and managerial views, which are both offered by management information systems. Business management is not only about generating greater returns and using new technologies for developing businesses to reach future goals. Business management also means generating better revenue performance if plans are diligently followed. It is part of business management to have an ear to the ground of global economic trends, changing environmental conditions and preferences, as well as the behavior of value chain partners. While, until now, business management and management information systems are mostly treated as independent fields, this publication takes an interest in the cooperation of the two. Its contributions focus on both research areas and practical approaches, in turn showing novelties in the area of enterprise and business management. Main topics covered in this book are technology management, software engineering, knowledge management, innovation management and social media management. This book adopts an international view, combines theory and practice, and is authored for researchers, lecturers, students as well as consultants and practitioners.
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Kargbo, Miatta. The future: view from a Minister. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198703327.003.0022.
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Chapter 22 covers the views of the Honourable Miatta Kargbo MBA, one of the newest and youngest health ministers in Africa, about the future of health and healthcare in Africa, as well as for her own country. In this chapter she sets out an optimistic vision whilst at the same time describing very clearly the many challenges that will have to be met. She also describes the practical steps that can and are being taken to improve health and ensure access to healthcare, even for the poorest.
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Fernández, Miguel Ángel García, and José Juan Gómez de Diego. Transthoracic echocardiography/two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0002.
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The echocardiogram is an extremely useful technique that gives all relevant information on morphology and function of the heart in a wide range of clinical situations. The very first step in echo is how to achieve the images needed for the cardiac evaluation. This chapter covers the basics of echo imaging acquisition including patient positioning and the pivotal concepts of echocardiographic window and view. The two-dimensional echo planes are carefully explained with a detailed description of the cardiac structures that can be studied in every view. The clinical scenarios where a specific imaging mode or orientation could be especially useful are also detailed. Finally M-mode imaging is covered, including detailed explanations of the habitual findings in normal studies.
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Olsaretti, Serena. Introduction. Edited by Serena Olsaretti. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199645121.013.38.
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This chapter introduces the idea of distributive justice. It identifies several different views of what characterizes distributive justice, as opposed to other types of justice and to non-justice-based moral demands. The preconditions of distributive justice, its primary subject and its object, and its normative significance are discussed. The chapter then suggests that bringing the diversity of usages of the concept of distributive justice into view helps cast light on some of the many contemporary debates about distributive justice and its limits. This chapter also introduces and outlines the different topics covered by the different sections and chapters of the book.
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Stampfer, Shaul. Families, Rabbis and Education. Liverpool University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774853.001.0001.
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The realities of Jewish life in eastern Europe that concerned the average Jew meant the way their children grew up, the way they studied, how they married, and all the subsequent stages of the life cycle. The family and the community were the core institutions of east European Jewish society. These realities were always dynamic and evolving but in the nineteenth century, the pace of change in almost every area of life was exceptionally rapid. This book deals with these social realities. The result is a picture that is far from the stereotyped view of the past that is common today, but a more honest and more comprehensive one. Topics covered consider the learning experiences of both males and females of different ages. They also deal with and distinguish between study among the well off and learned and study among the poorer masses. A number of chapters are devoted to aspects of educating the elite. Several chapters deal with aspects of marriage, a key element in the life of most Jews. The attempt to understand the rabbinate in its social and historical context is no less revealing than the studies in other areas. The realities of rabbinical life are presented in a way that explains rabbinic behaviour and the complex relations between communities, ideologies, and modernization. The chapters look at the past through the prism of the lives of ordinary people, with some surprising.
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Champollion, Lucas. Covert distributivity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198755128.003.0008.
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This chapter considers how verb phrases such as build a raft optionally acquire a distributive interpretation, and reformulates the covert distributivity operators of Link 1987 (the atomic D operator) and Schwarzschild 1996 (the nonatomic Part operator) in terms of the two parameters of stratified reference. By varying the granularity parameter, the difference between atomic and nonatomic views of distributivity is captured and clarified. By varying the dimension parameter, these distributivity operators are extended to the temporal domain and used to explain why indefinites in the syntactic scope of for-adverbials tend not to covary with them (?John found a flea on his dog for a month, Zucchi {&} White 2001).
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Roy, Goode, Kronke Herbert, and McKendrick Ewan, eds. Part II A View Through Illustrative Contracts and Harmonizing Instruments, 9 Carriage of Goods by Sea. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198735441.003.0010.
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This chapter makes a selection of the issues that are deemed to be the most important from the perspective of transnational commercial law, focusing mainly on the issues related to carrier's liability and transport documents. The main focus is on the transport documents which represent a connecting point between carriage of goods and international trade. Particular attention is given to historical development as it facilitates an understanding of the modern law governing carriage by sea. The chapter provides an overview of international instruments governing carriage by sea also pointing out some discrepancies between these instruments and instruments governing international sales and letters of credit. Selected issues covered by this chapter include identity of the carrier, clean bills of lading, the legal effects of the transfer of negotiable documents, delivery of the goods, and stoppage in transit. The chapter concludes by discussing new types of transport documents, such as sea waybills and electronic transport records.
Book chapters on the topic "Covered View Area"
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Endrizzi, Francesca, and Beate Schmidt-Behlau. "Active Participatory Citizenship for and with Young Adults in Situations of Risk – On the Cover and Under-Cover." In Young Adults and Active Citizenship, 37–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65002-5_3.
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AbstractDrawing on theoretical research findings of the EduMAP extensive study on national Adult Education (AE) policies in the European Union (EU) and as part of a broader qualitative data collection based on 40 case-studies, the following chapter investigates four selected adult education practices dealing with young people in situations of vulnerability, in France, Austria and Germany, respectively. The intent is to analyse how diverse conceptualisation of Active Participatory Citizenship (APC) and the educational strategies adopted in the different programmes impact on the learning outcomes of the interviewed learners. APC can be either explicit and on the cover, as a core objective pursued through an adopted education strategy, or it acts more implicitly and under cover. To prove this assumption, the findings have been systematised, first scrutinizing the endorsed APC concepts and the implemented educational approaches in the programme’s designs and from the providers and practitioners’ perspectives, and second investigating learners’ points of view on their learning outcomes in terms of competence development and reflected experiences. The third step analyses the factors that are relevant for successfully enabling young people in situations of risk to participate in the society and/or community. The findings bear out that how APC is defined and characterised in the AE programmes is not the only impacting factor but equally important is how this is incorporated in the educational practice and adopted in the pedagogical strategy.
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Hardin, Garrett. "Limits: A Constrained View." In Living within Limits. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195078114.003.0017.
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In the real world—beyond pedagogy, beyond hypocrisy—language has two purposes: to facilitate thought, and to prevent it. Seldom does a writer skilled in the arts of persuasion call attention to the second purpose because to do so would be to arouse suspicions of his own verbalizations. Rhetoric—ambiguous, deceptive, delusive rhetoric—stands ever ready to help writers of all persuasions to "throw dust in the jurymen's eyes." Population pundits use this tactic when they entitle an article or book "Standing Room Only." In getting the reader's attention those three words substitute trivia for fundamentals. Before another work with that title is published let's see why "Standing Room Only" is so silly. How much of the earth's land area would now be occupied if the present five billion inhabitants were crowded together on a "standing room only" basis? Taking the space occupied by the average human being, standing up, as three square feet (a rectangle 3 X 1 feet), a square mile could accommodate just a little more than 9 million standees. Five billion people (the population of the earth in 1987) could be accommodated on a mere 556 square miles, just 46 percent of the area of Rhode Island, our smallest state. A perfect square, 24 miles on a side, could accommodate the world's entire population, standing up. Alaska, with an SRO capacity of 5 trillion, could accommodate a thousand times the present world population. Let's look at some more absurd statistics. If all the land area of the earth were covered by SRO patrons, what would be the total population? And how long would it take the present population to reach that figure, if the recent rate of world population increase (1.7 percent per year) could be maintained? The earth's land area (1.48 X 1014 square meters) divided by the area occupied by one person (0.28 square meters) = 5.29 X 1014, or 529 trillion human beings. It would take 5 billion people, increasing at 1.7 percent per year, just 686 years to swell to that number. That time lapse is only 34 percent as great as the total Christian era to date.
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"General Activities of Brain as Functions." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 27–31. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8217-5.ch003.
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Most living creatures have an accumulated neuron processing unit area (ANPUA) in their bodies. Most of them are placed and centered in a head for processing various kinds of information. They behave like a central processing unit (CPU) in a digital computer system from a functional point of view. In this chapter, is described the general activities of the brain as a point of functional behavior. Also covered are the discussion about a digital computer from the same functional point of view.
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"Yaffa Eliach’s Eishyshok: Two Views." In Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 15, edited by Antony Polonsky, 445–68. Liverpool University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774716.003.0028.
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This chapter concerns Yaffa Eliach’s There Once Was a World: A 900-Year Chronicle of the Shtetl of Eishyshok (1998). This work has received considerable praise for its attempt to reconstruct the lost world of the author’s native town. At the same time its picture of relations between Jews and non-Jews, and in particular of the behaviour of the principal Polish resistance movement, the Armia Krajowa (Home Army, AK), towards the Jews of the area during and after the Second World War, has been widely criticized. The chapter thus presents two views of this complex and difficult issue. The first view is done by Sarunas Liekis and the second is covered by John Radziłowski.
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Kumar, Dinesh, and Gurjinder Singh. "Parallel Import in India." In Advances in Healthcare Information Systems and Administration, 75–88. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2414-4.ch005.
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People often say that the world is not only “Black and White” but there are many other shades which pose difficult question. Parallel import, which is also known as “Grey area” is one of them. Parallel imports are goods produced genuinely under protection of a trademark, patent, or copyright, placed in one market, and then imported into another market without the approval of the Intellectual Property Right holder. Through this chapter, the Author(s) have tried to give an insight on parallel imports by discussing all possible national and international issues related to it. Some principal concepts like exhaustion, regional and global have acquired considerable space in the chapter. A brief contemporary view on parallel import has also been taken by the author(s). The contradictory views; one which favours the Parallel imports by endorsing that it enhances the local competition; and another which condemns parallel imports are covered in the later part of the chapter.
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Panagidi, Kakia. "Algorithms for Spatial Partitioning in Wireless Sensor Network." In Intelligent Technologies and Techniques for Pervasive Computing, 109–33. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4038-2.ch006.
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Recent interest in integrated electronic devices (sensors) that operate wirelessly creates a wide range of applications related to national security, surveillance, military, healthcare, and environmental monitoring. Many visions of the future include people immersed in an environment surrounded by sensors and intelligent devices, which use smart infrastructures to improve the quality of life. However, a fundamental feature of sensor networks is coverage: how these tiny devices can cover a certain terrain. These devices should be organized in an optimal manner, consuming the minimum energy and covering the whole area of interest. The coverage concept is subject to a wide range of interpretations due to the variety of sensors and applications. Different coverage formulations have been proposed based on the subject to be covered (area in relation to specific items and obstacles), sensor development mechanisms (random versus deterministic), and other properties of wireless sensor networks (e.g. network connectivity and minimum energy consumption). In this chapter, the authors study the coverage problem in wireless sensor networks using the most recent algorithms. The aim of this chapter is to present these algorithms and a comparison between them based on various criteria. The Node Self-Scheduling algorithm, the Centralized Voronoi Tessellation (CVT), the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSO), the Virtual Forces Algorithm (VFA), etc. are analyzed. Through the algorithms’ analysis, the interested reader can have a complete view of the proposed solutions related to the coverage problem.
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Alger, Bradley E. "What Scientists Think About Scientific Thinking." In Defense of the Scientific Hypothesis, 219–34. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190881481.003.0009.
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This chapter reports original data from two surveys conducted to find out how scientists view the hypothesis and related concepts. One was an online survey of hundreds of members of biological research societies. The scientists reported on their knowledge of and training in the use of the hypothesis, their views about hypothesis testing as compared with other modes of conducting science, such as Discovery Science, open-ended questioning, and Big Data methods. Respondents estimated how the various scientific modes influenced their work and how much they relied on each one. Most respondents,70% of them, reported having received little or no training in scientific thinking; however, 90% felt confident about their thinking skills. Nevertheless, more than 90% felt that formal training in this area would be helpful. The great majority relied on hypotheses in their research work. The second survey, analyzed all (more than 150) neuroscience research papers that appeared sequentially in top journals during 2015 to determine how the papers were structured, particularly with respect to the hypothesis. Only 33% of the papers had an explicitly stated hypothesis, whereas, in 45%, the hypothesis was “implicit.” A minor, though notable, fraction of the papers misused the term “hypothesis.” The results are germane to several topics covered in the remainder of the book.
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Van Rooy, Raf. "Space and nation." In Language or Dialect?, 95–108. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845713.003.0007.
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In Chapter 7, two interpretations of the language / dialect distinction with roots in Greek antiquity take centre stage. Firstly, the chapter outlines how the spatial conception of dialect established itself after 1550. More circumstantial evidence for the spread of this geographical interpretation is also briefly treated. Humanists, moreover, soon recognized the universality of regional variation. Even though the geographical interpretation implied that language covered a larger area than dialect, some scholars believed that good language had its seat only in a state’s capital. Secondly, this chapter surveys the emergence of the idea that dialect was particular to a tribe, implying that language was a kind of ethnically overarching phenomenon. There was, however, an unresolved tension with a competing view, associating language with the nation in the political sense. Although widespread, the spatial and ethnic conceptions of dialect as a variety of a language were never used as diagnostic criteria in language / dialect decisions.
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Singh, Dharmpal, Madhusmita Mishra, and Sudipta Sahana. "Big-Data-Based Techniques for Predictive Intelligence." In Predictive Intelligence Using Big Data and the Internet of Things, 1–18. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6210-8.ch001.
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Big-data-analyzed finding patterns derive meaning and make decisions on data to produce responses to the world with intelligence. It is an emerging area used in business intelligence (BI) for competitive advantage to analyze the structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data stored in different formats. As the big data technology continues to evolve, businesses are turning to predictive intelligence to deepen the engagement to customers with optimization in processes to reduce the operational costs. Predictive intelligence uses sets of advanced technologies that enable organizations to use data stored in real time that move from a historical and descriptive view to a forward-looking perspective of data. The comparison and other security issue of this technology is covered in this book chapter. The combination of big data technology and predictive analytics is sometimes referred to as a never-ending process and has the possibility to deliver significant competitive advantage. This chapter provides an extensive review of literature on big data technologies and its usage in the predictive intelligence.
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McFarling, Usha Lee. "Climate." In A Field Guide for Science Writers. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195174991.003.0043.
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If you plan to cover climate change, thicken your skin. The topic is one of the most highly politicized areas in science journalism today. It's not surprising, given that so much is at stake. Environmentalists fear for the very future of the planet, while conservative politicians and energy industry leaders dread pollution controls that could threaten the nation's prosperity. As with all controversial issues, stakeholders on both sides are quick to attack reports—and reporters—that do not promote their point of view. I have been criticized by conservative think tanks for overplaying the potential dangers of climate change and scolded by environmentalists for downplaying those same dangers. It gives me solace to think that if I am aggravating both sides, then I am being fair. Critics of climate change coverage are right to some extent. The area, in my opinion, is among the most poorly covered in science journalism. This is because politically motivated campaigns of misinformation muddy the issue and because the science of climate—both highly complex and uncertain—is difficult to convey. Much climate change coverage exaggerates potential problems or greatly oversimplifies the issues. Reports are spotty at best, coming in droves when a particularly large piece of ice breaks off of Antarctica or there is a heat wave on the East Coast, but evaporating with the cool of autumn. Events from malaria outbreaks to species declines are attributed to climate change without adequate proof. Climate change coverage too often falls through the cracks between beats. Climate is not only a science story. It is a political story, a foreign story, and a business story as well. It would be best if climate were covered from all of these myriad angles; more commonly, no one takes ownership of it. Science writers, with their technical expertise, ability to translate jargon, and patience with details, are in prime position to be on the front lines of climate coverage—perhaps with occasional forays into political and economic terrain when necessary. The topic, with its interminable feedback loops and references to past epochs, can be intimidating.
Conference papers on the topic "Covered View Area"
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Buoro, Dario, Alberto De Nardi, Piero Pinamonti, and Mauro Reini. "Optimization of an Industrial Area Energy Supply System With Distributed Cogeneration and Solar District Heating." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68988.
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The paper presents the optimization of an energy supply system for an industrial area. The system is mainly composed of a district heating network (DHN), of a solar thermal plant with long term heat storage, of a set of combined heat and power units (CHP) and of additional thermal/cooling energy supply machines. The thermal vector can be produced by solar thermal modules, by fossil-fuel cogenerator or by conventional boilers. The optimization algorithm is based on a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model and it has to determine the optimal structure of the energy system and the size of the components (solar field area, heat storage volume, machines sizes, etc.). The model allows to calculate the economical and environmental benefits of the solar thermal plant compared to the cogenerative production, as well as the share of the thermal demand covered by renewable energies. The aim of the paper is to identity the optimal energy production mix able to meet the user energy demands and furthermore how the solar thermal energy integration affects the optimal energy system configuration. The average costs of the heat produced for the users have been evaluated for different optimal configurations, and it emerges that the solution including some cogenerators located in strategic production units, the district heating network, the long term heat storage and a solar plant of proper size, allows achieving the lowest cost of the heat. Thus, the integrated solution turns out to be the best from both the economical and environmental point of view.
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T’Joen, Christophe, Peter De Jaeger, Henk Huisseune, and Michel De Paepe. "Thermo-Hydraulic Performance of a Heat Exchanger Consisting of Metal Foam Covered Tubes." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22382.
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Open cell metal foam offers an interesting combination of materials properties from a heat exchanger point of view such as a high specific surface area, tortuous flow paths for flow mixing and low weight. A heat exchanger design with metal foams is studied in this work, aimed at low airside pressure drop. It consists of a single row of Al tubes covered with thin layers (4–8 mm) of metal foam. Through wind tunnel testing the impact of various parameters on the thermo-hydraulic performance was considered, including the Reynolds number, the tube spacing, the foam height and the type of foam. The results indicated that if a good metallic bonding between the foam and the tubes can be achieved, metal foam covered tubes with a small tube spacing, small foam heights and made of foam with a high specific surface area potentially offer strong benefits at higher air velocities (> 4 m/s) compared to helically finned tubes. The bonding was done by conductive epoxy glue and was found to have a strong impact on the final results, showing a strong need for a cost-effective and efficient brazing process to connect metal foams to the tube surfaces.
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Huang, Zhi, Yuanchen Hu, Kang Liu, and Xuejiao Hu. "Unusual Fast Evaporation From Nanoholes." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87147.
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Water evaporation is an important physical phenomenon that occurs in nature and several industrial applications such as food drying processes, cooling in air-conditioning systems and desalination. In all these systems, it is necessary to have a good prediction and control of evaporation rate as a function of various system parameters. Attempts to understand the affecting factors have mostly focus on the flow rates of gas or water streams, relative humidity of the air, presence of dissolved or suspended material in the water, temperatures of the air and water streams. However, as water surface partially covered (less surface area) is generally thought to have lower evaporation rate, little notice has ever put on it. Here we consider the evaporation case of water surface covered with nano-through-hole lid (NHL) of which the radius size is nearly equal to the average free path of the vapor. Using a gravimetric method, we experimentally measured the evaporation rate of water at the orifice of the nano-holes. The results indicate that the evaporation rate is 1–6 times faster than the non-sheltered water surface with the same liquid area. Moreover, with the porosity of the lid decreasing, the evaporation rate per unit area increases. A theoretical model is developed for this novel phenomenon from the view of molecular dynamics during evaporation and vapor diffusion. We envision that this finding may have new inspirations on phase change phenomenon in nano-confined space and put forward one new way for promoting evaporation of liquid.
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Song, Jinwoo, Harika Bandaru, Xinyu He, Zhenyang Qiu, and Young B. Moon. "Layered Image Collection for Real-Time Defective Inspection in Additive Manufacturing." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23250.
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Abstract In Additive Manufacturing (AM), detecting cyber-attacks on infill structure is difficult because interior defects can occur without affecting the exterior. To detect the infill defectives quickly, layer-by-layer image inspection in real-time can be conducted. However, collecting the layered images from the top view in real-time is challenging because the 3D printer’s extruder interferes with objects from being perfectly scanned. Using a dummy model to move the extruder out of the object’s layer has been proposed. However, it is not practical because it creates printing delays and wasted printing materials. To enable infill layered image collection in real-time without delays and material waste, this research proposes a layered image collection method using an algorithm identifying a pseudo area in a layered image. The algorithm detects the pseudo area — the area covered by the extruder — using an image processing technique, such as an average pooling and max pooling. It accumulates the non-pseudo areas until a complete layered image is acquired. To validate and evaluate the proposed method, captured images were evaluated with various machine learning algorithms.
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Wu, Haoyu, Shaomin Xiong, and Toshiki Hirano. "A Real-Time Human Recognition and Tracking System With a Dual-Camera Setup." In ASME 2019 28th Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps2019-7469.
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Abstract Most surveillance camera systems are still controlled and monitored by humans. Smart surveillance camera systems are proposed to automatically understand the scene captured, identify the objects of interest, detect the abnormality, etc. However, most surveillance cameras are either wide-angle or pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ). When the cameras are in the wide-view mode, small objects can be hard to be recognized. On the other hand, when the cameras are zoomed-in to the object of interest, the global view cannot be covered and important events outside the zoomed view will be missed. In this paper, we proposed a system composed of a wide-angle camera and a PTZ camera. The system is able to capture the wide-view and the zoomed-view at the same time, taking the advantages from both views. A real-time human detection and identification algorithm based on a neural network is developed. The system can efficiently and effectively recognize humans, distinguish different identities, and follow the person of interest using the PTZ camera. A multi-target multi-camera (MTMC) system is developed based on the original system. In the MTMC system, multiple cameras are placed at different places to look at different views. The same person shown in any camera can be recognized as the same person while different persons can be distinguished among all the cameras.
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Kolar, Petr, Jan Masek, Jiri Sveda, and Jan Hudec. "Influence of Machine Tool Covers on Feed Drives." In ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2011-50018.
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Machine tool covers are important parts of the machine. From the point of view of feed drives, a cover is an additional multi-body system that influences the dynamic properties of the feed drive and the positioning accuracy of the machine. The advantages of covers connected to the machine table with flexible elements are shown on simulation and experimental results. A mathematical model of the cover and its connection to the machine table is described. Optimization of the stiffness and damping ratio for the connection, using a model of the cover, is suggested. The optimal connection parameters cause decreasing of maximum reaction force acting from the cover to the feed drive. This phenomenon is presented on simulation example and also on the experiment results.
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Svensson, Fredrik, and Riti Singh. "Effects of Using Hydrogen on Aero Gas Turbine Pollutant Emissions, Performance and Design." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53349.
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The majority of scientists today are in agreement that discharging greenhouse gases into the atmosphere has an impact on the global climate. Furthermore, the dwindling fossil oil resources raise concerns. Finding an alternative to kerosene for civil aviation is thus essential. Taking a completely new approach for civil aviation by fuelling with liquid hydrogen would enable compatibility with the environment. This paper covers the main effects on aero engines when changing to hydrogen fuel. Particularly, emission and performance issues are discussed, but some design matters are also briefly covered. The study shows that burning hydrogen in an aero gas turbine seems to be feasible from a technical point of view. By simply changing to hydrogen, small performance gains may be obtained. The results of the calculations suggest that there is the potential to design a combustion system using hydrogen that produces less NOx emissions than any system using kerosene.
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Duan, Mingde, Xin Liu, Wei Ma, and Jishun Li. "Integration of Multi-View Data Based on Auxiliary Reference Plane." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12736.
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The integration of multi-view data in the acquisition of complex surface is researched by using the CMM (coordinate measuring machine) and the laser tracking scanning system. A multi-view data integration method based on the auxiliary reference plane is presented. With the precise auxiliary reference plane, the data measured by the different measuring devices and measuring views are aligned. The problems of low-efficient and low-accuracy in the data fusion of complex surface during the reverse engineering are solved. Meanwhile, the advantages of the different measuring devices and measuring methods are developed. This method has been applied to the reverse engineering development for a motorcycle cover model. The practical result shows that this new method is feasible and efficient.
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Grandemange, Jean-Marie, and Philippe Malouines. "RCC-M: Content, Working Approach and Future Evolutions." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-26030.
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The paper covers the general approach followed by AFCEN, the French Society for Design, Construction and In-Service Inspection Rules for Nuclear Island Components, in codes and standards establishing, from the technical and organizational points of views. The presentation highlights how the industrial experience was progressively integrated into the industrial codes, and how codes evolve taking into account the evolution of regulations and European and International standards. Processes for updates, interpretations and inquiries are addressed. Recent code evolutions resulting from the New French Nuclear Pressure Equipment Regulation issued in 2005, as well as from the project needs, are covered and the content of the addenda 2008, 2009 to the 2007 RCC-M edition are described. Future evolutions are also addressed.
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Triay, Manuela, Eric Meister, Benoît Lefever, Sylvain Puybouffat, Julien Quéré, Emmanuel Chantelat, David Muller, Julien Cadith, Stéphane Marie, and Nicolas de Mathan. "RCC-M Code: Recent Evolutions and Perspectives." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93343.
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Abstract This paper covers the general approach followed by AFCEN, the French Society for Design, Construction and In-Service Inspection Rules for Nuclear Island Components in updating the nuclear code RCC-M, from the technical and organizational points of view. The main evolutions introduced in recent editions of RCC-M code are presented and commented on, with a focus on the 2018 edition of the code, which marks the end of the 3-year program carried out to demonstrate the conformity with European essential safety requirements for pressure equipment and French requirements for nuclear pressure equipment. In addition, the main on-going activities are presented, as well as the future activities of the RCC-M subcommittee, in the frame of the 4-year editorial program that has been launched in 2019, in line with the AFCEN 4-year strategic plan. They encompass all fields covered by the code: design and analysis rules, material procurement, fabrication and nondestructive testing. The paper highlights how the industrial experience is integrated into the RCC-M code, and also how the new projects needs are taken into account.
Reports on the topic "Covered View Area"
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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, Do Trong Hoan, Hoang Nguyen Viet Hoa, and Nguyen Duy Khanh. Understanding tree-cover transitions, drivers and stakeholders’ perspectives for effective landscape governance: a case study of Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province, Viet Nam. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21023.pdf.
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Integrated landscape management for sustainable livelihoods and positive environmental outcomes has been desired by many developing countries, especially for mountainous areas where agricultural activities, if not well managed, will likely degrade vulnerable landscapes. This research was an attempt to characterize the landscape in Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province in Northwest Viet Nam to generate knowledge and understanding of local conditions and to propose a workable governance mechanism to sustainably manage the landscape. ICRAF, together with national partners — Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute — and local partners — Son La Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Son La Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Chieng Yen Commune People’s Committee — conducted rapid assessments in the landscape, including land-use mapping, land-use characterization, a household survey and participatory landscape assessment using an ecosystem services framework. We found that the landscape and peoples’ livelihoods are at risk from the continuous degradation of forest and agricultural land, and declining productivity, ecosystem conditions and services. Half of households live below the poverty line with insufficient agricultural production for subsistence. Unsustainable agricultural practices and other livelihood activities are causing more damage to the forest. Meanwhile, existing forest and landscape governance mechanisms are generally not inclusive of local community engagement. Initial recommendations are provided, including further assessment to address current knowledge gaps.
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Porcel Magnusson, Cristina. Unsettled Topics Concerning Coating Detection by LiDAR in Autonomous Vehicles. SAE International, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021002.
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Autonomous vehicles (AVs) utilize multiple devices, like high-resolution cameras and radar sensors, to interpret the driving environment and achieve full autonomy. One of these instruments—the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor—utilizes pulsed infrared (IR) light, typically at wavelengths of 905 nm or 1,550 nm, to calculate object distance and position. Exterior automotive paint covers an area larger than any other exterior material. Therefore, understanding how LiDAR wavelengths interact with vehicle coatings is extremely important for the safety of future automated driving technologies. Sensing technologies and materials are two different industries that have not directly interacted in the perception and system sense. With the new applications in the AV industry, multidisciplinary approaches need to be taken to ensure reliability and safety in the future. Unsettled Topics Concerning Coating Detection by LiDAR in Autonomous Vehicles provides a transversal view of different industry segments, from pigment and coating manufacturers to LiDAR components and vehicle system development and integration. The report includes a structured decomposition of the different variables and technologies involved.
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Agusti Strid, Alma, and James Ronicle. Social Impact Bonds in Latin America: IDB Lab's Pioneering Work in the Region: Lessons Learnt. Edited by Christine Ternent. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003004.
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In recent years, Latin America has seen the introduction of innovative pay-for-success mechanisms to fund social programs, including Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) and Development Impact Bonds (DIBs), outcome-based contracts that incorporate the use of private financing from investors to cover the upfront capital required for a provider to set up and deliver a social service. In this context, IDB Lab established a SIB Facility in 2014 to promote the focus on outcomes in social programs and increase outcomes-based commissioning. The SIB Facility has resulted in IDB Lab providing support to developing SIBs in Colombia (first SIB launched in a middle-income country), Argentina, Chile, Mexico and Brazil. Since then, several employment SIBs have launched in Colombia and Argentina and prefeasibility studies for SIBs on other topics are currently underway in Chile. This Technical Note aims to capture the lessons learnt from developing SIBs in Latin America, focusing on the five countries where the SIB Facility played a pioneering role. The study takes a retrospective view in examining what has been done and a prospective view in considering how challenges can be overcome and how lessons learnt might be considered within the IDB Lab, both at SIB level and at ecosystem level looking at the SIB ecosystems that have started to emerge. In the study, we find that the SIBs that have launched in the study countries were well designed and that there had also been thorough consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of the model.
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age. Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v Landscapes and regions: Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change? Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial. Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth. Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs. Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully. Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people. The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world