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Journal articles on the topic 'Covered View Area'
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1
Molenda-Żakowicz, Joanna, Peter De Cat, Jian-Ning Fu, An-Bing Ren, Antonio Frasca, and Giovanni Catanzaro. "The Kepler field of view covered with the LAMOST spectroscopic observations." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, A29B (August 2015): 514–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316006013.
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AbstractThe Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) at the Xinglong observatory in China is a 4-m telescope equipped with 4,000 optical fibres. In 2010, we initiated the LAMOST-Kepler project which aimed at collecting low-resolution spectra of stars from the Kepler Input Catalog covering uniformly the Kepler field of view. The first round of the LAMOST-Kepler project has been completed in September 2014 resulting in more than 100,000 low-resolution spectra. We used those data to derive the effective temperature, the surface gravity, and the mean metallicity of our targets, as well as to detect fast rotators, and to identify emission-line stars. Our results are consistent with those reported in the literature and derived from high-resolution spectroscopy. The second round of the LAMOST-Kepler project will allow to improve the coverage of the Kepler field and to repeat observations of selected targets.
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Sánchez, Sebastián F. "IFUs surveys, a panoramic view of galaxy evolution." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S309 (July 2014): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314009375.
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AbstractWe present here a brief summary of the currenly on-going IFU surveys of galaxies in teh Local Universe, describing their main characteristics, including their sample selections, instrumental setups, wavelength ranges, and area of the galaxies covered. Finally, we make an emphasis on the main characteristics of the CALIFA survey and the more recent results that has been recently published.
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Catapano, Domenico, Chris A. Sloffer, Giorgio Frank, Ernesto Pasquini, Vincenzo A. D’Angelo, and Giuseppe Lanzino. "Comparison between the microscope and endoscope in the direct endonasal extended transsphenoidal approach: anatomical study." Journal of Neurosurgery 104, no. 3 (March 2006): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2006.104.3.419.
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Object The authors compare the views afforded by the operating microscope and the endoscope in the direct endonasal extended transsphenoidal approach to the sellar, suprasellar, and parasellar regions. Methods Five formalin-fixed, silicone-injected adult cadaveric heads were studied. A direct endonasal transsphenoidal approach was performed via the right nostril, pushing aside the nasal septum. The approach was performed with the microscope first, then with the endoscope. For each step (sellar, suprasellar, and clival), the exposure afforded by direct microscopic view was measured and then compared with that obtained using the endoscope. The direct endonasal approach provides a slightly off-midline view. Although the microscope provides an adequate view of the mid-line structures and part of the contralateral parasellar areas, the addition of the endoscope allows for a more panoramic view and permits widening of the approach in all directions. Conclusions An adequate exposure of the sellar, suprasellar, and infrasellar/upper clival regions can be achieved via a simple, direct endonasal approach. From a direct endonasal route, there is a preferential visualization of the structures contralateral to the approach. The endoscope affords a more panoramic view that extends the area covered by the operating microscope.
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Couldwell, William T. "Endoscope or Microscope?" Journal of Neurosurgery 106, no. 4 (April 2007): 730–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2007.106.4.730.
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Object. The authors compare the views afforded by the operating microscope and the endoscope in the direct endonasal extended transsphenoidal approach to the sellar, suprasellar, and parasellar regions. Methods. Five formalin-fixed, silicone-injected adult cadaveric heads were studied. A direct endonasal transsphenoidal approach was performed via the right nostril, pushing aside the nasal septum. The approach was performed with the microscope first, then with the endoscope. For each step (sellar, suprasellar, and clival), the exposure afforded by direct microscopic view was measured and then compared with that obtained using the endoscope. The direct endonasal approach provides a slightly off-midline view. Although the microscope provides an adequate view of the midline structures and part of the contralateral parasellar areas, the addition of the endoscope allows for a more panoramic view and permits widening of the approach in all directions. Conclusions. An adequate exposure of the sellar, suprasellar, and infrasellar/upper clival regions can be achieved via a simple, direct endonasal approach. From a direct endonasal route, there is a preferential visualization of the structures contralateral to the approach. The endoscope affords a more panoramic view that extends the area covered by the operating microscope.
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Makhdoom, M. T. A., and S. I. Solomon. "Attempting Flow Forecasts of the Indus River, Pakistan Using Remotely Sensed Snow Cover Data." Hydrology Research 17, no. 3 (June 1, 1986): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1986.0011.
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Recent developments in collection and interpretation of remotely sensed back radiation data from the earth surface obtained by satellites has made it possible to readily delineate areas covered by snow on the earth surface. In view of this, attempts have been intensified during the last decade to generate statistical relationships between the snow covered area in a basin and the corresponding runoff during the snow-melt period. However, examination of such relationships developed specifically for forecasting purposes in the Indus River basin in Pakistan indicates that, given the current data and operational constraints, their usefulness is very limited. The need for improving collection of remotely sensed data on snow to obtain information on snow density and other auxiliary information is emphasized.
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Becker, D. E., H. Ancin, B. Roysam, and J. N. Turner. "Fast automated mosaic synthesis method for 2-D/3-D image analysis of specimens much wider than the field of view." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 224–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100168852.
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We present an efficient, robust, and widely-applicable technique for computational synthesis of wide-area images from a series of overlapping partial views. The synthesized image is the set union of the areas covered by the partial views, and is called the “mosaic”. One application is the laser-scanning confocal microscopy of specimens that are much wider than the field of view of the microscope. Another is imaging of the retinal periphery using a standard fundus imager. This technique can also be used to combine the results of various forms of image analysis, such as cell counting and neuron tracing, to generate large representations that are equivalent to processing the total mosaic, rather than the individual partial views.The synthesis begins by computing a concise set of landmark points for each partial view. The type of landmarks used can vary greatly depending on the application. For instance, in the retinal imaging application, the vascular branching and crossover points are a natural choice. Likewise, the locations of cells in Figs. 1 and 2 provide a natural set of landmarks for joining these images.
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Zhang, Hong Yu, Jiang Hu Chen, Wen Qing Wu, and Jun Hua Wu. "Stability Analysis of Unsaturated Expansive Soil Slope Covered by Geo-Membrane." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.597.
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In view of the holes appearing in different area of geo-membrane when the geo-membrane technology is applied to the unsaturated expansive soil slope, the VADOSE/W is used to analyze the wetting-drying cycles caused by rainfall and evaporation on slopes covered by geo-membrane. The influence on the pore-water pressure and volume water content were discussed just caused by the holes. The results show that the hole is nearer to the toe of slope, its impact on the whole seepage field is greater. In addition, the hole appears on the top of slope that the wetting-drying cycle effect is remarkable. It is ensured that the integrity of the geo-membrane which in the lower slope and take some drainage measures in the construction process.
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Josberger, Edward G., and Edouard Beauvillain. "Snow Cover of the Upper Colorado River Basin from Satellite Passive Microwave and Visual Imagery." Hydrology Research 20, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1989.0006.
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A comparison of passive microwave images from the Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and visual images from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) of the Upper Colorado River Basin shows that passive microwave satellite imagery can be used to determine the extent of the snow cover. Eight cloud-free DMSP images throughout the winter of 1985-1986 show the extent of the snowpack, which, when compared to the corresponding SMMR images, determine the threshold microwave characteristics for snow-covered pixels. With these characteristics, the 27 sequential SMMR images give a unique view of the temporal history of the snow cover extent through the first half of the water year. Beginning mid-November, the snow-covered area rapidly increases from near zero to 80 percent by the middle of January. During late February the snow-covered area decreases as a result of basin-wide warming. The microwave determinations initially overestimate the decrease in snow cover, as a result of liquid water in the snowpack, but the return of cooler temperatures restores the veracity of the passive microwave determinations.
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Anikeev, A. V. "Accumulation capacity of soluble rocks as the main stability index in covered karst areas." Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология, no. 5 (September 20, 2019): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-7809201953-14.
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For an engineering geologist, covered karst areas are of special interest, not only because these are the most widespread on the Earth. More important, unlike the areas of bare karst, these areas are more favorable and suitable for economic development and human life as a whole. And the study shows that the greater is the thickness of the cover series, the more true is this statement.
The local forecast of sinkholes appears to be the most important and difficult engineering geological problem in these areas. It is especially acute there, where collapses and subsidence are absent, not registered, or poorly expressed in the relief, that is, in the areas of unrealized (potential, expected) sinkhole hazard. One of the possible approaches to solving this problem is discussed in the paper. It is based on comparing the volume of incoherent and fractured rock removed from the cover deposits with the accumulation capacity of the karst massif, i.e., the volume of hollow space in the karstic massif capable of receiving and accumulating clastic material.
The most common result of soils outflow in fissure-karst reservoirs is their loosening in the deformed-destructed area of the overburden. For the three canonical schemes of this area structure, the critical values of clastic matter volume were obtained from the equation for soil mass balance before and after loosening, the further removal of which will lead to the failure of the earth's surface. Some techniques and methods for assessing the accumulation capacity of soluble rocks are considered and serious differences in the use of the discussed approach in predicting the stability of karstified and undermined territories are revealed. In particular, it is shown that in karst areas, when performing calculations, one should be guided by the maximum values of the coefficient of primary loosening of soils. Otherwise, the predicted stability of the overburden will prove to be unjustifiably underestimated. The results obtained and the procedure for assessing the stability of covered karst terrains by the proposed method are exemplified by the construction site of the main buildings of the Nizhny Novgorod NPP (3.25 km2), where there are no collapse and subsidence sinkholes. However, the entire construction site (20 km2) is located in the area of active sulphate-carbonate karst. From the engineering-geological point of view, this is the main feature of the facility design.
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Tan, Ju Jing, Olga Ponomarchuk, Ryszard Grygorczyk, and Francis Boudreault. "Wide field of view quantitative imaging of cellular ATP release." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 317, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): C566—C575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00096.2019.
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Although several mechanical stressors promote ATP secretion from eukaryotic cells, few mechanosensitive pathways for ATP release have been precisely characterized and none have been clearly identified. To facilitate progress, we report here a wide field of view (∼20 × 20 mm sample area) imaging technique paired with a quantitative image analysis to accurately map the dynamics of ATP release from a cell population. The approach has been tested on A549 cells stretched at high initial strain rate (2–5 s−1) or swelled by hypotonic shock. The amount of ATP secreted in response to a series of five graded stretch pulses (5–37% linear deformation, 1-s duration at 25°C) changed nonmonotonically with respect to strain amplitude and was inhomogeneous across the cell monolayer. In a typical experiment, extracellular ATP density averaged 250 fmol/mm2, but the area of detectable signal covered only ∼40% of the cells. In some areas, ATP accumulation peaked around 900 fmol/mm2, which corresponded to an estimated concentration of 4.5 µM. The total amount of ATP released from the combined stretch pulses reached 384 ± 224 pmol/million cells ( n = 4). Compared with stretch, hypotonic shock (50%, 30°C) elicited a more homogeneous ATP secretion from the entire cell population but at a lower yield totaling 28 ± 12 pmol/million cells ( n = 4). The quantitative extracellular ATP mapping of several thousand cells at once, with this wide field of view imaging system, will help identify ATP release pathways by providing unique insights on the dynamics and inhomogeneities of the cellular ATP secretion that are otherwise difficult to assess within the smaller field of view of a microscope.
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Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Karl M. Menten, Andreas Brunthaler, Timea Csengeri, James S. Urquhart, Friedrich Wyrowski, Yan Gong, et al. "A global view on star formation: the GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey." Astronomy & Astrophysics 651 (July 2021): A87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140817.
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The Cygnus X complex is covered by the Global View of Star Formation in the Milky Way (GLOSTAR) survey, an unbiased radio-wavelength Galactic plane survey, in 4–8 GHz continuum radiation and several spectral lines. The GLOSTAR survey observed the 6.7 GHz transition of methanol (CH3OH), an exclusive tracer of high-mass young stellar objects. Using the Very Large Array in both the B and D configurations, we observed an area in Cygnus X of 7° × 3° in size and simultaneously covered the methanol line and the continuum, allowing cross-registration. We detected thirteen sources with Class II methanol maser emission and one source with methanol absorption. Two methanol maser sources are newly detected; in addition, we found four new velocity components associated with known masers. Five masers are concentrated in the DR21 ridge and W75N. We determined the characteristics of the detected masers and investigated the association with infrared, (sub)millimeter, and radio continuum emission. All maser sources are associated with (sub)millimeter dust continuum emission, which is consistent with the picture of masers tracing regions in an active stage of star formation. On the other hand, only five masers (38 ± 17%) have radio continuum counterparts seen with GLOSTAR within ~1″, testifying to their youth. Comparing the distributions of the bolometric luminosity and the luminosity-to-mass ratio of cores that host 6.7 GHz methanol masers with those of the full core population, we identified lower limits LBol ~ 200 L⊙ and LBol/Mcore ~ 1 L⊙M⊙−1 for a dust source to host maser emission.
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Martínez-Torrón, Javier. "Manifestations of Religion or Belief in the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights." Religion and Human Rights 12, no. 2-3 (October 7, 2017): 112–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18710328-12231161.
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Abstract This article analyses the case law of the European Courts of Human Rights on manifestation of religion or belief under Article 9 echr, excluding particular types of manifestation that are covered in other articles in this special issue. It provides an overview of the main holdings of the Court in this area, together with some critical comments about aspects of the Court’s case law that, in the author’s view, should be improved.
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Neugebauer, Alexander, Katarina Stingl, Iliya Ivanov, and Siegfried Wahl. "Influence of Systematic Gaze Patterns in Navigation and Search Tasks with Simulated Retinitis Pigmentosa." Brain Sciences 11, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020223.
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People living with a degenerative retinal disease such as retinitis pigmentosa are oftentimes faced with difficulties navigating in crowded places and avoiding obstacles due to their severely limited field of view. The study aimed to assess the potential of different patterns of eye movement (scanning patterns) to (i) increase the effective area of perception of participants with simulated retinitis pigmentosa scotoma and (ii) maintain or improve performance in visual tasks. Using a virtual reality headset with eye tracking, we simulated tunnel vision of 20° in diameter in visually healthy participants (n = 9). Employing this setup, we investigated how different scanning patterns influence the dynamic field of view—the average area over time covered by the field of view—of the participants in an obstacle avoidance task and in a search task. One of the two tested scanning patterns showed a significant improvement in both dynamic field of view (navigation 11%, search 7%) and collision avoidance (33%) when compared to trials without the suggested scanning pattern. However, participants took significantly longer (31%) to finish the navigation task when applying this scanning pattern. No significant improvements in search task performance were found when applying scanning patterns.
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M. Sulphey, M. "Corporate Social Responsibility or Corporate Social Irresponsibility: where should be the focus?" Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 4 (December 25, 2017): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(4-1).2017.13.
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With multiple scandals and a host of disingenuous actions creating ripples across the corporate world, it is high time that Corporate Social Irresponsibility (CSI) is accorded the due importance, at par with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), by academia and the industry. CSI refers to situations wherein firms fail to meet a “minimum behavioral standard with respect to the corporation’s relationship with its stakeholders”. There have been many instances wherein CSI and corporate wrongdoings have been covered up with CSR. Many scholars consider CSR and CSI as opposite forces that are interconnected and interdependent, and take turns in giving rise to each other. CSI, being an emergent and a topical subject area, is yet to develop in terms of theory, and is still evolving. The present work attempts to motivate further investigation in the emerging area by presenting theoretical views and available accumulated empirical works. The study has puts across a fair view of the topic. It is expected that the present work will stimulate scholars to take up further investigation in the emerging area.
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Goga, Michal, Marko S. Sabovljević, Ingeborg Lang, and Martin Bačkor. "Contribution to the bryophyte flora of Antarctica: the James Ross Island moss inventory and the new records." Czech Polar Reports 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2018-1-3.
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The interest in distribution of bryophytes in Antarctica has increased in view of global climate warming and its effects in Antarctica. The moss flora of Antarctica is relatively rich, since only a small area (up to 1%) of this continent is not covered by ice. An immense space remains completely bryologically under-recorded. In this paper, we present a comprehensive moss list of James Ross Island (37 moss species). Two newly-recorded species are reported in our study: Bryum dichotomum and B. pallescens.
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Tobias, Karen, Kryssa Johnson, and Jacqueline Whittemore. "Successful treatment of a dog with recurrent nasopharyngeal stenosis using balloon dilation and a novel topical mitomycin delivery system." Veterinary Record Case Reports 7, no. 2 (May 2019): e000807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000807.
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A 1.5-year-old German shorthair pointer dog was presented with nasopharyngeal stenosis secondary to aspiration rhinitis. Stenosis had recurred after all previous treatments, including balloon dilation and oral steroids, uncovered metal stent placement and covered metal stent placement. Successful outcome was obtained after balloon dilation and two topical applications of mitomycin, delivered one week apart, using a novel delivery system. Rechecks of the nasopharynx were performed with an inexpensive WiFi endoscope that provided a retroflexed view of the area.
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Shah, Dr Nirali Ketan. "FORENSIC ACCOUNTING: AN OVERVIEW IN INDIAN CONTEXT." GAP GYAN - A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 3, no. 4 (November 15, 2020): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47968/gapgyan.34006.
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The rudiments objective of GAAP states that the financial statements must depict ‘true and fair’ view of the financial state of affairs. The ambivalence of ‘true and fair’ view created a dodge towards the rise of financial frauds, thereby wearying the trust of the users of financial information on the reported statements. Forensic accounting as new area of accounting in India has come to limelight recently due to quick increase in white collar crimes, financial crimes, cyber-crimes and growing complexities of the corporate environment. Forensic accounting is the triple practice that integrates accounting, auditing and investigative skills to conduct an examination into a company’s financial statements. The object of this study is to know the detailed conceptual clarity regarding the term Forensic Accounting. The study covered the necessary information regarding knowing the term Forensic Accounting, its definition, characteristics, objectives scope, role of a forensic accounting investigator and modus operandi (Techniques). It also covered differentiating points among the accounting, audit & forensic accounting. More over the well-known case of fraud has also been taken in the study. The data was collected to understand the objectives of forensic accounting and challenges faced by forensic investigators while examining various cases. The research largely makes use of secondary sources of data and the previous literature on forensic accounting, along with the experts’ views on the same. There is an urgent need to regularize the forensic accounting movement by the government and recognized accounting bodies in India.
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Wasilewski, Mirosław, and Marzena Ganc. "A DYNAMIC AND STATIC VIEW OF THE FINANCIAL SECURITY OF DAIRY COOPERATIVES." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXIII, no. 2 (April 15, 2021): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8381.
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The aim of the research was to identify and assess the dynamic and static dimension of the financial security of dairy cooperatives in the area of liquidity. Cooperatives with a higher equity value than average and with a cash flow statement were purposively selected. The final research sample included 20 dairy cooperatives. The research period covered the period from 2017 to 2019. Statistically speaking, dairy cooperatives are generally financially secure as a result of the specific nature of their business, which is geared towards benefiting their members – milk suppliers – through timely payments for raw material delivered. Most of the entities studied were characterised by over-liquidity in static terms, which should be assessed favourably from the perspective of the cooperative form of management. In dynamic terms, however, not all entities were characterised by favourable values of cash productivity ratios. Static liquidity measures do not provide a complete and transparent picture of the financial security of dairy cooperatives and should be considered both static and dynamic. Only an interpretation of the two dimensions of liquidity indicators will allow an effective interpretation of this issue in relation to dairy cooperatives. Moreover, when assessing liquidity, account should be taken of the specificities of cooperative management activities, where static measures in this area are above literature standards, while dynamic liquidity measures do not always reach satisfactory volumes.
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Wu, Yi-Chang, Ching-Han Chen, Yao-Te Chiu, and Pi-Wei Chen. "Cooperative People Tracking by Distributed Cameras Network." Electronics 10, no. 15 (July 25, 2021): 1780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10151780.
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In the application of video surveillance, reliable people detection and tracking are always challenging tasks. The conventional single-camera surveillance system may encounter difficulties such as narrow-angle of view and dead space. In this paper, we proposed multi-cameras network architecture with an inter-camera hand-off protocol for cooperative people tracking. We use the YOLO model to detect multiple people in the video scene and incorporate the particle swarm optimization algorithm to track the person movement. When a person leaves the area covered by a camera and enters an area covered by another camera, these cameras can exchange relevant information for uninterrupted tracking. The motion smoothness (MS) metrics is proposed for evaluating the tracking quality of multi-camera networking system. We used a three-camera system for two persons tracking in overlapping scene for experimental evaluation. Most tracking person offsets at different frames were lower than 30 pixels. Only 0.15% of the frames showed abrupt increases in offsets pixel. The experiment results reveal that our multi-camera system achieves robust, smooth tracking performance.
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Gulamov, Ilkhomjon. "THE CENSUS AT THE END OF THE 19thCENTURY IN TURKESTAN:THE HISTORY, THE ANALYSIS, THE RESULTS." JOURNAL OF LOOK TO THE PAST 6, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9599-2020-6-3.
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In this article is described the first official which was held the history of population census in the 1897 and its final results are are listed below sectionary area in the Turkistan coutry. The goals and objectives of this list of population, which led by the Russian empire, who led the event,and the questions included in the census program, were scientifically covered. In addition, the statistical data on the total number of local population residing in the Samarkand, Syrdarya and Fergana regions were analyzed from a historical point of view.
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Yang, Ming-Hui, Shyng-Shiou Yuan, Tze-Wen Chung, Shiang-Bin Jong, Chi-Yu Lu, Wan-Chi Tsai, Wen-Cheng Chen, Po-Chiao Lin, Pei-Wen Chiang, and Yu-Chang Tyan. "Characterization of Silk Fibroin Modified Surface: A Proteomic View of Cellular Response Proteins Induced by Biomaterials." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/209469.
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The purpose of this study was to develop the pathway of silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer surface induced cell membrane protein activation. Fibroblasts were used as an experimental model to evaluate the responses of cellular proteins induced by biopolymer material using a mass spectrometry-based profiling system. The surface was covered by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and SF to increase the surface area, enhance the adhesion of biopolymer, and promote the rate of cell proliferation. The amount of adhered fibroblasts on CNTs/SF electrodes of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) greatly exceeded those on other surfaces. Moreover, analyzing differential protein expressions of adhered fibroblasts on the biopolymer surface by proteomic approaches indicated that CD44 may be a key protein. Through this study, utilization of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in evaluation of cell adhesion on biopolymer was proposed.
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Mothi Kumar, K. E., S. Singh, P. Attri, R. Kumar, A. Kumar, Sarika, R. S. Hooda, et al. "GIS based Cadastral level Forest Information System using World View-II data in Bir Hisar (Haryana)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (November 28, 2014): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-605-2014.
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Identification and demarcation of Forest lands on the ground remains a major challenge in Forest administration and management. Cadastral forest mapping deals with forestlands boundary delineation and their associated characterization (forest/non forest). The present study is an application of high resolution World View-II data for digitization of Protected Forest boundary at cadastral level with integration of Records of Right (ROR) data. Cadastral vector data was generated by digitization of spatial data using scanned mussavies in <i>ArcGIS</i> environment. Ortho-images were created from World View-II digital stereo data with Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system with WGS 84 datum. <br><br> Cadastral vector data of Bir Hisar (Hisar district, Haryana) and adjacent villages was spatially adjusted over ortho-image using <i>ArcGIS</i> software. Edge matching of village boundaries was done with respect to khasra boundaries of individual village. The notified forest grids were identified on ortho-image and grid vector data was extracted from georeferenced cadastral data. Cadastral forest boundary vectors were digitized from ortho-images. Accuracy of cadastral data was checked by comparison of randomly selected geo-coordinates points, tie lines and boundary measurements of randomly selected parcels generated from image data set with that of actual field measurements. <br><br> Area comparison was done between cadastral map area, the image map area and RoR area. The area covered under Protected Forest was compared with ROR data and within an accuracy of less than 1 % from ROR area was accepted. The methodology presented in this paper is useful to update the cadastral forest maps. The produced GIS databases and large-scale Forest Maps may serve as a data foundation towards a land register of forests. The study introduces the use of very high resolution satellite data to develop a method for cadastral surveying through on - screen digitization in a less time as compared to the old fashioned cadastral parcel boundaries surveying method.
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Pang, Fu Zhen, Fu Bin Pang, Xu Chao Yin, and Shuai Lv. "Influence of Acoustic Coating on the Underwater Sound Radiation of a Double Hull Cylindrical Shell Structure." Advanced Materials Research 338 (September 2011): 406–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.338.406.
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This paper studies the influence of acoustic coating to the underwater sound radiation characteristic of a double hull cylindrical shell by the Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) method. Influence of covering density and laying location of acoustic coating to the underwater sound radiation characteristic of the double hull cylindrical shell structure are discussed. Study shows that low covering density of acoustic coating will cause “sound leaking” phenomena, sound will leak out from the uncovered area of the double hull cylindrical hull structure and radiate into the surrounding water, which harms the underwater noise reduction performance of the acoustic coating; however, the noise reduction capacity of the acoustic coating improves gradually as the covering density increases. Besides, laying location of acoustic coating also impact the underwater sound radiation performance of the double hull cylindrical shell structure; inner hull covered with acoustic coating is better than the outer hull covered from the noise treatment point of view
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Eidem, J., and D. Warburton. "In the Land of Nagar: a survey around Tell Brak." Iraq 58 (1996): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021088900003168.
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During the campaign at Tell Brak in the spring of 1988 the present authors conducted a survey of tells in the vicinity of the site. Although comprehensive, the work was primarily intended to supplement the 1978 survey by K. Fielden, who investigated the sites surrounding the main tell at Brak itself and those on the lower Jaghjagh between the junction with the Wadi Radd and the modern town of Hassake, with a particular view to fourth and third millennium settlement (Fielden 1978/9).Within a rectangle of c. 170 km covered by the survey almost all the ancient settlements are found in a roughly triangular area half this size (its base being the lower Jaghjagh/Radd to the south and its apex immediately south of Tell Barri). Identifying this area as the “hinterland” of Brak is merely a locally suitable generalization, as Brak belongs to several systems, one being the macro-system of large urban centres scattered across the Habur Plains and adjacent areas, and another the micro-system of smaller settlements in the immediate vicinity of Brak itself. Brak was an important centre from prehistoric times until the late second millennium B.C., but its role necessarily changed through time, and the concomitant changes in the extent of the area economically and politically dependent upon it remain difficult to recognize. In this sense the area covered by our survey can be seen as partly arbitrary, partly reflecting some real limits. To the south, the French 1: 200,000 maps indicate further small sites on the southern fringe of the area visited, and further west on the lower Jaghjagh, beyond the area investigated by us, are numerous sites clustering along the banks of the wadi and its small affluents, many fairly large and with material of late fourth millennium and third millennium date. This area is relevant when studying the Brak hinterland, but it cannot be evaluated before the publication of the evidence collected by K. Fielden. The area to the north certainly overlaps, at least for certain periods, the hinterland of Tell Barri. Directly west and east of Brak, the cartographic gaps within and beyond the present survey are real or nearly so. To the west/northwest the modern village may obscure evidence, but apart from sites on the first affluent of the lower Jaghjagh there seems to be a fairly wide area here with little ancient occupation. Finally, to the east our area meets that surveyed by Meijer, and his map shows only two additional tells (Meijer 1986, Fig. 1, Nos. 269a and 269b), both Islamic. The two neighbouring sites (our Nos. 33 and 34) appear to be geomorphological features and not tells. The area covered should thus include most of the sites belonging to the micro-system of settlement around Tell Brak.
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Eisenhut, Dominik. "Delimitation of EU-Competences under the First and Second Pillar: A View BetweenECOWASand the Treaty of Lisbon." German Law Journal 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2009): 585–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200001231.
Full textAbstract:
Since the European Union (EU) agreed upon the extension of its activities to the fields of foreign, security, and criminal policy in the Maastricht Treaty, the question of the delimitation of those new areas of EU competence towards the “classical” policies under the Treaty of the European Community (TEC) has been present. The broad and rather vague scope of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) in the so-called second pillar of the EU and the area of political cooperation covered by the third pillar presents several uncertainties. One such uncertainty is the relationship between the supranational legal order under the TEC and the more intergovernmental and diplomacy-based cooperation under the Treaty on the European Union (TEU). Although the EU was organized within a single institutional structure, the substantial differences with regard to voting procedures, competences of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) and the role of the European Commission rendered a clear separation of competences under the different pillars compulsory: CFSP remains beyond the jurisdiction of the ECJ; the Commission and the European Parliament have only marginal rights of participation; and the legal obligations under the second pillar cannot claim supremacy over national law or direct effect.
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Brandt, Richard, Ian Allison, and Stephen Warren. "Albedo of Young and First-Year Antarctic Sea Ice." Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500008909.
Full textAbstract:
Reflection of solar radiation was studied in the seasonal sea-ice zone off East Antarctica on a cruise of the Australian Antarctic Expedition, October-December 1988. Spectral and total albedos were measured for grease ice, nilas, young grey ice, grey-white ice, snow-covered ice, and open water. Spectral measurements covered the region 400–1000 nm wavelength. For ice too thin to support our weight, the radiometers were mounted at the end of a 1.5 m rod extended out the door of a helicopter or from a basket hung from the ship's crane, using a positioning and leveling rack. Corrections had to be applied to the downward radiation flux because the helicopter or the crane was in the field of view of the cosine-collector. The fractional coverage of each of the ice types (and open water) was estimated hourly for the region near the ship, as well as the thickness of each ice type, and the snow thickness. Observations were carried out continuously during the four weeks the ship was in the ice, supplemented by occasional helicopter surveys covering larger areas. These observations, together with the radiation measurements, make possible the computation of area-average albedo for the East Antarctic sea-ice zone in spring.
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Brandt, Richard, Ian Allison, and Stephen Warren. "Albedo of Young and First-Year Antarctic Sea Ice." Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500008909.
Full textAbstract:
Reflection of solar radiation was studied in the seasonal sea-ice zone off East Antarctica on a cruise of the Australian Antarctic Expedition, October-December 1988. Spectral and total albedos were measured for grease ice, nilas, young grey ice, grey-white ice, snow-covered ice, and open water. Spectral measurements covered the region 400–1000 nm wavelength. For ice too thin to support our weight, the radiometers were mounted at the end of a 1.5 m rod extended out the door of a helicopter or from a basket hung from the ship's crane, using a positioning and leveling rack. Corrections had to be applied to the downward radiation flux because the helicopter or the crane was in the field of view of the cosine-collector.The fractional coverage of each of the ice types (and open water) was estimated hourly for the region near the ship, as well as the thickness of each ice type, and the snow thickness. Observations were carried out continuously during the four weeks the ship was in the ice, supplemented by occasional helicopter surveys covering larger areas. These observations, together with the radiation measurements, make possible the computation of area-average albedo for the East Antarctic sea-ice zone in spring.
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Shcherbakov, S. V., V. N. Kataev, D. R. Zolotarev, and T. G. Kovaleva. "COVERED KARST LANDFORMS: COMPLEXIFICATION OF METHODS TO ESTIMATION OF MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS IN ENGINEERING PURPOSES." Engineering Geology 13, no. 6 (December 21, 2018): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25296/1993-5056-2018-13-6-10-23.
Full textAbstract:
The research is aimed to search of optimal solution in integration of various methods for predicting the sizes of karst-suffosion deformations on the ground surface or at the base of shallow foundations. Necessity of integration is dictated by engineering-geological conditionsof the karst areas and the complexity of their reliable study with using modern approaches (drilling, geophysics etc.). From this point of view increasing of authenticity of the final forecast is in direct dependency from completeness of investigation of sizes of observed surface karstforms and features of behavior soils massif above the karst cavity. The mechanism of the karst process in the soils thickness is defined, first of all, by geological structure (thickness and interleaving of different soil layers), hydrogeological conditions and the physical-mechanicalproperties of soils. At the present day are known three basic mechanisms of soil deformation over karst cavity: karst-collapse, karst-suffosion and karst-suffosion-collapse mechanism. Even in the conditions of one site these mechanisms can be interleave during the year, which makesthe karst formation process hard-to-predict in part of diameters of sinkholes and subsidence zones. Today are known and applicable next four methods to estimations of possible sizes of karst-suffosion deformations: 1) method of analogy, 2) probabilistic method, 3) deterministic(calculated) method, 4) laboratory physical modeling method. Each of four methods for predicting the sizes of karst-suffosion deformations has its own advantages and disadvantages, which limit the possibility of using any one of them in different natural environments of karstdevelopment. To improve objectivity and reach necessity accuracy of estimation of diameters and depths of surface karst deformations in engineering-geological purposes a block-scheme of integrations of different forecasting methods is recommended. This scheme is based on the data about surface karst area, the depth of occurrence of karst rocks and level of responsibility of the projecting object.
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Liu, J., G. Q. Zhou, B. Jia, T. Yue, and X. Y. Peng. "KARST ROCKY DESERTIFICATION ANALYSIS BASED ON HISTORICAL DISP DATA TAKE TWO REGIONS FOR EXAMPLE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W10 (February 8, 2020): 871–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w10-871-2020.
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Abstract. Karst rocky desertification (KRD) is used to characterize the processes that transform a karst area covered by vegetation and soil into a rocky landscape almost devoid of soil and vegetation. This situation seriously affects and threatens the living environment and standards of local people, which results in a series of social problems. In view of the importance and harmfulness of KRD, many scholars have studied the spatial and temporal evolution of KRD and its driving forces. In this paper, the Visual Interpretation Marks of Rocky Desertification in Southwest China in 1960s are constructed by using the DISP image of the United States, combined with DEM data and Hydrogeological data. The area of rocky desertification in Guangnan and Funing counties, where rocky desertification is more serious, is about 2457.729 km2. The area of rocky desertification can be used as the basic data for studying the historical changes in southwestern China by researchers.
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Buboltz, Walter C. "The First Seven Years: A Review." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 8, no. 1 (January 1994): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.8.1.5.
Full textAbstract:
A review of the Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly was conducted for the first seven volumes. Articles were classified under 17 content categories which were devised by the writer and the editor of the Journal. Additionally, leading contributors, institutional affiliations, and geographic locations were computed. A total of 139 articles were examined, excluding editorials, book reviews, and abstracts. The data collected present a view of the field of Cognitive Psychotherapy and the Journal. Two principal areas of research activity and publication were evident: Cognitive Models/Science and Cognitive Therapy with Specific Disorders, which accounted for over 35% of the articles examined. No one author or institution was dominant during the period covered. Small percentages found suggested that a variety of authors and institutions are active in research in the area of Cognitive Psychotherapy. A large geographical representation was present, with a number of foreign countries included.
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Fels, M., K. Konen, E. Hessel, and N. Kemper. "Biometric measurement of static space required by weaned piglets kept in groups of eight during 6 weeks." Animal Production Science 59, no. 7 (2019): 1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17445.
Full textAbstract:
Adequate space allocation is deemed to be an important criterion for animal welfare in modern pig farming. However, it is not a simple matter to determine how much space a group of pigs needs, and precise, animal-based data about the floor area needed by the body dimensions of group-housed pigs in different weight categories are currently lacking. So as to collect biometric data on the static space of weaned pigs kept in groups and to evaluate current spatial requirements, an automatic measurement of the floor area covered by the pigs’ bodies within groups was performed. Consequently, the resulting free space in a pen, available for (non-) locomotor behaviours, was calculated. In three batches, two groups of eight piglets each were formed after weaning. Using three-dimensional cameras that recorded a piglets’ pen from top view and a software for image analysis, the exact static space of a group considering different body positions was measured and specified in square centimetres. Measurements were taken weekly for a total period of 6 weeks per batch. The area covered by the bodies of a group of eight piglets increased almost linearly with increasing average bodyweight (R 2 = 0.99, n = 1645 images). The highest mean static space was measured in Week 6 (1.54 m2, average bodyweight: 25.2 kg) when 100% of piglets were lying with less than 50% huddling. When 100% of piglets within a group were lying, more than 50% huddling reduced the mean static space to 1.4 m2 (P < 0.05). When all pigs of a group were lying, significantly more space was covered than in situations when all pigs of a group were standing (1.54 m2 vs 1.36 m2, P < 0.05). Exclusively in Week 1, when piglets were lying with more than 50% huddling, the space covered by the group was slightly reduced compared with the situation when 100% of piglets were standing. By the automatic method, realistic results on the static space of piglets kept in groups were achieved. Space requirements of the largest animals in the most space-demanding body positions should be the basis for space recommendations for nursery pigs.
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Varpe, Øystein, Malin Daase, and Trond Kristiansen. "A fish-eye view on the new Arctic lightscape." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 9 (August 17, 2015): 2532–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv129.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A gigantic light experiment is taking place in the Arctic. Climate change has led to substantial reductions in sea ice extent and thickness in the Arctic Ocean. Sea ice, particularly when snow covered, acts as a lid hindering light to reach the waters underneath. Less ice will therefore mean more light entering the water column, with profound effects on pelagic and benthic ecosystems. Responses through primary production are so far well acknowledged. Here we argue that there is a need to broaden the view to include light-driven effects on fish, as they depend on light to locate prey. We used the Norwegian Earth System Model estimates of past and future sea ice area and thickness in the Arctic and applied attenuation coefficients for ice and snow to estimate light intensity. The results show a dramatic increase in the amount of light predicted to reach the future Arctic Ocean. We combined this insight with mechanistic understanding of how light modulates visual prey-detection and predict that fish will forage more efficiently as sea ice diminishes and that their populations will expand to higher latitudes, at least seasonally. Poleward shifts of boreal fish species have been predicted by many and to some extent observed, but a changing light environment has so far not been considered a driver. Expanding distributions and greater visual predation may restructure ecological relationships throughout the Arctic foodweb and lead to regime shifts. Research efforts should focus on the dynamics of how less sea ice will affect the feeding ecology and habitat usage of fish, particularly the northern limits of distributions. Mechanistic approaches to these topics offer insights beyond statistical correlations and extrapolations, and will help us understand how changing biophysical dynamics in the Arctic influence complex processes including production, predator–prey interactions, trait-evolution, and fisheries.
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Gołos, Piotr. "Selected aspects of the forest recreational function in view of its users." Forest Research Papers 74, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2013-0025.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The results of a survey conducted in several Promotional Forest Complexes (PFC) in the Śląskie and Podlaskie regions, as well as the urban forests in Łodź and Warsaw, indicate that visitor preferences vary among forest sites. Those forests where visitors prefer to rest should be located in forests designated for recreation, and include elements of recreational infrastructure. Depending on characteristics of the forest in question (seaside, lakeside, or mountains), respondents preferred forest located near to the water’s edge, whereas in mountainous areas they selected open places (roads and openings). Urban residents more commonly chose sites deep within the forest, while hikers selected forest edges. The desired recreational infrastructure, included garbage cans and hiking trails as the most important elements among city dwellers, while hikers pointed to rest areas and information boards. The respondents consistently agreed on the type of recreational activities conducted in forests as well as on type of elements which determine the attractiveness of forests for rest and recreation. Independently of site characteristics and the research location, the most common activities for respondents were hiking and riding bicycle; and attractive elements were silence and calm as well as cleanliness of the forests. The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was used to evaluate respondents’ Willingness to Pay (WTP) for intensification of selected public forest functions and forest management, including recreational functions. The number of respondents who declared a hypothetical monetary amount or WTP>0 depended on the place where research was conducted (forest or respondent’s home); forest area covered by financing (forests in general or local forests where respondents reside); the type of question used to obtain the information on WTP; as well as the scope of financing (all public forest functions or just a recreational function). The average WTP declared per household per year varied from 41 PLN (Gołos, Janeczko 2002) to 150 PLN (Gołos, Kaliszewski 2006) for selected forest areas. The average overall state statistics for WTP was 52 PLN (non-timber forest functions in municipality) and 41 PLN (recreational management of forests in municipality). The respondents also underlined that the goods and services provided should be co-financed from both state and local budgets, and that such financing should go directly to the organizations conducting forest management
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Mostafizur, ABM, MAU Zaman, M. Shahidullah, and M. Nasim. "Diversity of Cropping Patterns and Land Use Practices in Faridpur Region." Bangladesh Rice Journal 21, no. 2 (September 14, 2018): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v21i2.38203.
Full textAbstract:
The development of agriculture sector largely depends on the reliable and comprehensive statistics of the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity of a particular area, which will provide guideline to policy makers, researchers, extensionists and development workers. The study was conducted over all 29 upazilas of Faridpur region during 2015-16 using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire with a view to document the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity of this area. From the present study it was observed that about 43.23% net cropped area (NCA) was covered by only jute based cropping patterns on the other hand deep water ecosystem occupied about 36.72% of the regional NCA. The most dominant cropping pattern Boro−Fallow− Fallow occupied about 24.40% of NCA with its distribution over 28 out of 29. The second largest area, 6.94% of NCA, was covered by Boro-B. Aman cropping pattern, which was spread out over 23 upazilas. In total 141 cropping patterns were identified under this investigation. The highest number of cropping patterns was identified 44 in Faridpur sadar and the lowest was 12 in Kashiani of Gopalganj and Pangsa of Rajbari. The lowest crop diversity index (CDI) was reported 0.448 in Kotalipara followed by 0.606 in Tungipara of Gopalganj. The highest value of CDI was observed 0.981 in Faridpur sadar followed by 0.977 in Madhukhali of Faridpur. The range of cropping intensity value was recorded 113- 262%. The maximum value was for Saltha of Faridpur and minimum for Kotalipara of Gopalganj. As a whole the CDI of Faridpur region was calculated 0.971 and the average cropping intensity at regional level was 197%.Bangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(2): 157-172
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Pomeroy, John, Chad Ellis, Aled Rowlands, Richard Essery, Janet Hardy, Tim Link, Danny Marks, and Jean Emmanuel Sicart. "Spatial Variability of Shortwave Irradiance for Snowmelt in Forests." Journal of Hydrometeorology 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2008): 1482–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jhm867.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The spatial variation of melt energy can influence snow cover depletion rates and in turn be influenced by the spatial variability of shortwave irradiance to snow. The spatial variability of shortwave irradiance during melt under uniform and discontinuous evergreen canopies at a U.S. Rocky Mountains site was measured, analyzed, and then compared to observations from mountain and boreal forests in Canada. All observations used arrays of pyranometers randomly spaced under evergreen canopies of varying structure and latitude. The spatial variability of irradiance for both overcast and clear conditions declined dramatically, as the sample averaging interval increased from minutes to 1 day. At daily averaging intervals, there was little influence of cloudiness on the variability of subcanopy irradiance; instead, it was dominated by stand structure. The spatial variability of irradiance on daily intervals was higher for the discontinuous canopies, but it did not scale reliably with canopy sky view. The spatial variation in irradiance resulted in a coefficient of variation of melt energy of 0.23 for the set of U.S. and Canadian stands. This variability in melt energy smoothed the snow-covered area depletion curve in a distributed melt simulation, thereby lengthening the duration of melt by 20%. This is consistent with observed natural snow cover depletion curves and shows that variations in melt energy and snow accumulation can influence snow-covered area depletion under forest canopies.
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Yeo, Lee Bak, Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling, Mou Leong Tan, and Pau Chung Leng. "Interrelationships between Land Use Land Cover (LULC) and Human Thermal Comfort (HTC): A Comparative Analysis of Different Spatial Settings." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010382.
Full textAbstract:
A few studies on outdoor human thermal comfort (HTC) have been conducted in the tropical region in a hot and humid climate; however, there is a paucity of discussions on how exactly different spatial settings influence HTC. Thus, this paper aims to examine how land use land cover (LULC) affects HTC on the basis of the simulation of Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) indices via ENVI-met and Rayman. The results reveal that people living in the urban area have a higher tendency to experience strong heat stress (25% of the areas with PMV ranging from 3.4 to 3.9 and 2% of the areas, where PMV reached 4.1), followed by the rural area (43% of the areas with PMV ranging from 2.1 to 2.4), and the suburban area (more than 50% of the areas with PMV values less than 2.4). Surprisingly, a concrete LULC in the suburb area exhibits a higher air temperature than an asphalt surface at 4 p.m., due to the large area of high albedo that increases the reflection of solar radiation, subsequently contributing to warming up the airmass. Similarly, sandy, and loamy LULC tend to emit more heat during nighttime, while the heat is absorbed slowly during daytime, and it is then slowly released during nighttime after 6 p.m. Spatial settings that promote heat stress in the urban area are mainly contributed by an LULC of asphalt, concrete, sandy, and loamy areas. Meanwhile, people in the suburban and rural areas are less likely to experience heat stress, due to agricultural plantations and lowland forest that provide shade, except for the barren lands-loamy areas. The result also indicates that tree-covered areas near the river in the suburban area afforded the best thermal experience with PMV of 2.1 and PET of 30.7. From the LULC comparison, it is pivotal to consider tree species (canopy density), surface material (albedo), sky-view factor, wind direction, and speed toward designing a more comfortable and sustainable environment.
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Vargemezis, G., N. Diamanti, I. Fikos, A. Stampolidis, Th Makedon, and N. Chatzigogos. "Ground penetrating radar and electrical resistivity tomography for locating buried building foundations: A case study in the city centre of Thessaloniki, Greece." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 3 (December 21, 2016): 1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.10930.
Full textAbstract:
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys have been carried out in the city centre of Thessaloniki (N. Greece), for investigating possible locations of buried building foundations. Geophysical survey has been chosen as a non-destructive investigation method since the area is currently used as a car parking and it is covered by asphalt. The geoelectrical sections derived from ERT data in combination with the GPR profiles provided a broad view of the subsurface. Regarding ERT, high resistivity values can be related to buried building remains, while lower resistivity values are more related to the surrounding geological materials. GPR surveying can also indicate man-made structures buried in the ground. Even though the two geophysical methods are affected in different ways by the subsurface conditions, the processed underground images from both techniques revealed great similarity. High resistivity anomalies and distinct GPR signals were observed in certain locations of the area under investigation, which are attributed to buried building foundations as well as the geological structure of the area.
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Vargemezis, G., N. Diamanti, I. Fikos, A. Stampolidis, Th Makedon, and N. Chatzigogos. "Ground penetrating radar and electrical resistivity tomography for locating buried building foundations: A case study in the city centre of Thessaloniki, Greece." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 3 (December 21, 2016): 1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.10946.
Full textAbstract:
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys have been carried out in the city centre of Thessaloniki (N. Greece), for investigating possible locations of buried building foundations. Geophysical survey has been chosen as a non-destructive investigation method since the area is currently used as a car parking and it is covered by asphalt. The geoelectrical sections derived from ERT data in combination with the GPR profiles provided a broad view of the subsurface. Regarding ERT, high resistivity values can be related to buried building remains, while lower resistivity values are more related to the surrounding geological materials. GPR surveying can also indicate man-made structures buried in the ground. Even though the two geophysical methods are affected in different ways by the subsurface conditions, the processed underground images from both techniques revealed great similarity. High resistivity anomalies and distinct GPR signals were observed in certain locations of the area under investigation, which are attributed to buried building foundations as well as the geological structure of the area.
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Novak-Marcincin, Jozef, and Miroslav Janak. "Design and Realization of Robot Workplaces with Virtual and Augmented Reality Application." Advanced Materials Research 853 (December 2013): 613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.853.613.
Full textAbstract:
Virtual reality provides an easy, powerful, intuitive way of human-computer interaction. The user can watch and manipulate the simulated environment in the same way we act in the real world, without any need to learn how the complicated user interface works. Therefore many applications like flight simulators, architectural walkthrough or data visualization systems were developed relatively fast. Later on, virtual reality has was applied as a teleoperating and collaborative medium, and in the entertainment area. Augmented reality system generates a complex view where the virtual areas are covered by real environment and offers the basic working place for the user. It is a reciprocal combination of the real scene observed by the camera and virtual scene generated by the computer logical core that mixture the both scenes. It is easy to say that possibilities of augmented reality find the utilization in many industrial spheres like as aeronautics, automobile industry, manufacturing etc.
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Ameen, Ayesha, Jalil Ahmad, and Shahid Raza. "Effect of compost and gypsum on rice crop production in saline soil." International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research 3, no. 8 (August 30, 2017): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7439/ijasr.v3i8.4277.
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The rice crop is the most important and widely used crop worldwide, 40% of the population is dependent on rice for getting calories. This study was designed by keeping in view the importance of reclamation of saline soil and for checking the effect of compost on saline soil along with gypsum. The impact of saline soil on rice crop along with gypsum and addition of compost was checked. The trials were planned at jhang district of Punjab. The covered area of one acre for each trial. The control treatment was only contain 60 bags of gypsum provided to rice crop in one acre area. The experimental treatments included the different amounts of compost and gypsum and their mixture was applied. It was concluded from this study that best yield was given by the trial having equal amount of gypsum and compost. The saline conditions effect the crop at initial stage, but with the combination of gypsum and compost the good yield can be obtained.
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Macukanovic-Jocic, Marina, Snezana Jaric, and Mica Mladenovic. "Palynomorphological study of Dianthus petraeus waldst. et kit. (Caryophyllaceae)." Archives of Biological Sciences 67, no. 3 (2015): 973–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs150116060m.
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The pollen morphology of Dianthus petraeus (Caryophyllaceae), which is endemic to the Balkans, has been examined by both light and scanning electron microscopy in order to provide taxonomically valuable characters that might be used in the classification of the Caryophyllaceae, as well as to contribute to the pollen atlas of Serbian apiflora. The pollen grains of D. petraeus are radially symmetrical, apolar, spheroidal and medium-sized. The mean of the pollen diameter is 45.5?1.4 ?m. The sculpturing pattern of exine is microechinate-microperforate, and the tectum is covered with minute echini averaging 0.8?0.1 ?m in length, more or less evenly distributed between the perforations. The microechini average number per sample area of 5 ?m x 5 ?m is 3.2?0.6. In view of the number, position and type of the apertures, the grains are polypantoporate, with about 13 operculate pores, averaging 6.4?0.7 ?m in diameter. Each operculum is covered with 4-6 conical spinules, which are longer than those on the exine surface. The mean interporal distance is 13.3?1.3 ?m. The obtained palynological results provide information that contribute towards a better understanding of the taxonomic status of D. petraeus.
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Zaki, Sheikh Ahmad, Siti Wan Syahidah, Mohd Fairuz Shahidan, Mardiana Idayu Ahmad, Fitri Yakub, Mohamad Zaki Hassan, and Mohd Yusof Md Daud. "Assessment of Outdoor Air Temperature with Different Shaded Area within an Urban University Campus in Hot-Humid Climate." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 16, 2020): 5741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145741.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the variation of outdoor air temperature in the shaded area covered by buildings in an urban university campus in Malaysia. In-situ field measurements were conducted to measure the distribution of outdoor air temperature at eight different locations for seven days. Meanwhile, the building-induced shadows were generated using the AutoCAD Revit software to investigate the air temperature change. The study used four urban morphological parameters namely building to greenery ratio, sky view factor (SVF), and height-to-street width (H/W) ratio. The relationship between building-induced shadow and outdoor air temperature (Tout) obtained from the in-situ measurement was investigated. The results showed that the building-induced shadows could lower air temperature. It can be noted that a high ratio of building to greenery resulted in a higher air temperature. In contrast, the area with a low SVF value due to the combination of prolonged shading by buildings and trees had a lower air temperature. Thus, the area with a high building ratio, low greenery ratio, higher SVF value, and low H/W ratio potentially has a higher outdoor air temperature. Conclusively, combination of building shading created by appropriate ratio of building morphology and sufficient greenery able to improve the microclimate of a campus area.
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Owoeye, J. O. "Assessing Urban Growth Dynamics and Depletion of Agricultural Land Use in Akure Region, Nigeria." Land Science 1, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): p43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ls.v1n1p43.
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This study examined the Akure urban growth dynamics and the impact on agricultural land use in the region between 1985 and 2014. It makes use of Aerial Imagery Interpolation (AII) of Landsat imagery of 1986, 2002, 2007 and 2014 to determine LULC change pattern, the extent and direction of the expansion. As at 1986, only 5.1% (6384 ha.) of land area was developed while over 90% were covered with thick (64.5%) and light (30.33%) vegetation which were lands used for agricultural purposes. By 2014, the built-up area had increased to 26.33% while the thick vegetation reduced drastically to 15.6%. Further investigation revealed that the growth dynamics and loss of agricultural land use in the region were products of increased population and continued urbanization process. There were incompatible conversions in LULC and unguided expansions leading to undue encroachment into green areas at the suburbs. With the aid of Markov chain model, the trend was predicted over a period of 20 years (2014-2034). Variability in this relationship suggests the need of concerted urban growth management efforts by different stakeholders in urban planning to check the shoddy expansion with a view to securing agricultural lands for sustainable food security in the region.
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Meech, Karen, Michael F. A'Hearn, and Joseph Veverka. "Results from the EPOXI and StardustNExT Missions – A Changing View of Comet Volatiles and Activity." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, H16 (August 2012): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314005043.
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AbstractWithin a period of ~3 months there were two extended mission flybys of comets. Both encounters have provided an exciting new view of comet activity and volatile composition that is changing our paradigm of these small early solar system remnants. The EPOXI mission flew past the nucleus of comet 103P/Hartley 2 on 4 Nov. 2010. This small nucleus was known to be exceptionally active prior to the encounter, by virtue of a very large water production rate relative to its surface area. Both the encounter and ground-based data showed that comet Hartley 2fs perihelion activity was dominated by sub-surface CO2 outgassing rather than by water, suggesting our classic comet formation picture is not correct. The gas flow carried large grains (up to >10 cm in diameter) from the nucleus, and the icy grains contributed to the large observed water production. The CO2 abundance relative to water varies with rotation between 10-20% between the two lobes of the nucleus. The bi-lobed nucleus is rotating in an excited state, with a period that varied rapidly from ~16.5 hrs to longer than 18.5 hrs over 3 months. The nucleus morphology was different from that of other nuclei visited by space craft, with some regions of rough topography in which surface ice was visible. On 2011 Feb. 14 the Stardust-NExT spacecraft flew past the nucleus of comet 9P/Tempel 1, the target of the Deep Impact (DI) experiment in July 2005. The mission goal was to look at the nucleus after and intervening perihelion passage, extending the surface area imaged during the DI encounter and also image the 2005 impact site. The layering seen during the DI flyby was exhibited over the areas newly imaged in the NExT flyby, and it was found that 30% of the nucleus was covered by smooth deposits that were likely caused by eruption of subsurface materials. Although it has long been known that comets lose on average ~ a meter of their surface per perihelion passage, it was surprising to see that in the regions imaged by both DI and NExT there was little change in the surface photometric properties and morphology with the exception of the prominent smooth flow edges. As seen from both the spacecraft and ground-based campaign, the comet continued its trend of decreasing activity from previous perihelion passages. We will present highlights from both missions and discuss implications for formation scenarios.
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Chauhan, Neha, Balaji Ramamourthy, Manjul Muraleedharan, and Ramandeep Singh Virk. "Laryngeal lymphangioma as a cause of respiratory distress in an adult with Down’s syndrome: an extremely rare presentation." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 1 (January 2021): e240130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-240130.
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A 32-year-old man with Down’s syndrome was referred to the ear, nose and throat (ENT) department in view of failed attempts at extubation, and subsequently, at decannulation of tracheotomy tube. He had previously required ventilatory support and had history of intubation for 1 week. A flexible fibre-optic laryngoscopy showed a smooth mass covering the laryngeal inlet which moved with respiration. Direct laryngoscopy under general anaesthesia revealed a smooth mucosa covered fleshy mass arising from the left aryepiglottic fold and arytenoid, obstructing the laryngeal inlet. The mass was removed using controlled plasma ablation, and histopathological examination of the same was consistent with lymphangioma. Endoscopic examinations during the regular follow-up visits revealed well-healed supraglottic area with adequate glottic chink and the patient could be successfully decannulated.
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Dorokhov, Dmitry, Evgenia Dorokhova, and Vadim Sivkov. "Marine landscape mapping of the south-eastern part of the Baltic Sea (Russian sector)." Baltica 30, no. 1 (June 12, 2017): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2017.30.02.
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Five different kinds of broad-scale characterizations of the marine environment were used for marine bottom landscape mapping. In addition to three “primary” environmental parameters of the BALANCE project – sediment types, available light and near-bottom water salinity two more were also taken into account: near-bottom temperature and ice cover. Combination of these parameters allows for distinguishing 21 types of marine bottom landscapes. The dominant landscape type is located far beyond the surface photic zone and not influenced by the ice-cover. It is characterized by mud sediment type, salinity of 11–18 psu and deep low variable relatively cold near bottom waters (4–8 оС) with ulterior seasonal variability. The most perspective marine landscape, from the point of view of nature conservation zones, is small area located in the Curonian Spit marine nearshore zone where bottom sediments are represented by the relict lagoon hard clays partly covered by sands. These clays are unique bottom oasis where the numbers of benthic organism species sharply increase in contrast to almost lifeless adjacent extensive sand areas.
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Prus, Barbara, Magdalena Wilkosz-Mamcarczyk, and Tomasz Salata. "Landmarks as Cultural Heritage Assets Affecting the Distribution of Settlements in Rural Areas—An Analysis Based on LIDAR DTM, Digital Photographs, and Historical Maps." Remote Sensing 12, no. 11 (June 1, 2020): 1778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12111778.
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The final decision of the owner of the plot who plans to build a house depends on many factors most of which are of legal and financial nature. The authors demonstrate that the decisions regarding specific location within the plot of land are influenced by intangible components as well, namely the intention to have the best view. The view is often related to the occurrence of landmarks with prominent visual impact in the landscape that determine visual connections. The rural landscape is determined by the spatial arrangement including the buildings, the shape of public spaces, ownership divisions, and the land distribution. Being an element of rural cultural heritage, the arrangement of buildings is influenced by a vast number of factors such as geographical, historical, physical, and socio-economic ones. This article focuses on determining the interaction between the settlement locations and zones with an excellent, unique view of characteristic, well-known architectural landmarks. Mapping of viewsheds of many features is a critical element of the landscape planning process and facilitates the protection of cultural heritage assets. The analysis involved LiDAR DTM (Digital Terrain Model created in Light Detection and Ranging technology), digital photographs, and historical maps. In terms of the administrative subdivision, the area comprises 20 localities. The landmark visibility analysis for locations of the buildings covered a 140 km2 area of Carpathian Foothills in southern Poland. The article combines experiences in the field of landscape architecture, spatial planning and the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. The examples show that the modern development layout refers to the historical structure and the development of a new settlement tissue has a cultural background and is influenced by spatial landmarks.
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Saha, A., M. Nasim, M. Harunur Rashid, and SM Shahidullah. "Crop Diversity and Cropping Patterns of Comilla Region." Bangladesh Rice Journal 21, no. 2 (September 14, 2018): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v21i2.38198.
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Comilla region is highly diverse in respect to topography, agro-ecology, land-use pattern and cropping systems. Planning of agricultural development largely depends on the reliable and comprehensive statistics of the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity of a particular area, which will provide guideline to our policy makers, researchers, extensionists and development workers. The study was conducted over all 33 upazilas of Comilla region during 2016 using pre-tested semistructured questionnaire with a view to document the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity. From the present study it was observed that 73.56% of net cropped area (NCA) is covered by exclusive rice cropping systems whereas deep water rice cropping system occupied 16.09% of the regional NCA. The most dominant cropping pattern single Boro alone occupied 26.18% of NCA with its distribution over 30 out of 33 upazilas. The second largest area, 19.93% of NCA, was covered by Boro−Fallow−T. Aman cropping pattern, which was spread over 25 upazilas. One hundred and forty-six cropping patterns were identified in the whole region under this investigation. The highest, 36 cropping patterns were identified in Debidwar upazila of Comilla district and the lowest, seven were in Akhura and Ashuganj of B.Baria and Comilla Adarsha upazila. The lowest crop diversity index (CDI) was reported 0.481 in Comilla Adrasha upazila followed by 0.637 in Hajiganj of Chandpur. The highest value of CDI was observed 0.964 in Haimchar of Chandpur followed by 0.956 in Muradnagar of Comilla. The range of cropping intensity (CI) value was recorded 126-292%. The maximum value was for Barura of Comilla and minimum for Hajiganj of Chandpur district. The grand mean of CDI values for Comilla region was calculated 0.935 and the average cropping intensity at regional level was 192%.Bangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(2): 91-107
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Brun, Fanny, Patrick Wagnon, Etienne Berthier, Joseph M. Shea, Walter W. Immerzeel, Philip D. A. Kraaijenbrink, Christian Vincent, Camille Reverchon, Dibas Shrestha, and Yves Arnaud. "Ice cliff contribution to the tongue-wide ablation of Changri Nup Glacier, Nepal, central Himalaya." Cryosphere 12, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 3439–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3439-2018.
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Abstract. Ice cliff backwasting on debris-covered glaciers is recognized as an important mass-loss process that is potentially responsible for the “debris-cover anomaly”, i.e. the fact that debris-covered and debris-free glacier tongues appear to have similar thinning rates in the Himalaya. In this study, we quantify the total contribution of ice cliff backwasting to the net ablation of the tongue of Changri Nup Glacier, Nepal, between 2015 and 2017. Detailed backwasting and surface thinning rates were obtained from terrestrial photogrammetry collected in November 2015 and 2016, unmanned air vehicle (UAV) surveys conducted in November 2015, 2016 and 2017, and Pléiades tri-stereo imagery obtained in November 2015, 2016 and 2017. UAV- and Pléiades-derived ice cliff volume loss estimates were 3 % and 7 % less than the value calculated from the reference terrestrial photogrammetry. Ice cliffs cover between 7 % and 8 % of the total map view area of the Changri Nup tongue. Yet from November 2015 to November 2016 (November 2016 to November 2017), ice cliffs contributed to 23±5 % (24±5 %) of the total ablation observed on the tongue. Ice cliffs therefore have a net ablation rate 3.1±0.6 (3.0±0.6) times higher than the average glacier tongue surface. However, on Changri Nup Glacier, ice cliffs still cannot compensate for the reduction in ablation due to debris-cover. In addition to cliff enhancement, a combination of reduced ablation and lower emergence velocities could be responsible for the debris-cover anomaly on debris-covered tongues.
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Lloyd, Aled, Elin Thomas, and Hasan Haboubi. "Slumped posture on chest X-ray—association with mortality and length of hospital stay in older hospitalised patients." Age and Ageing 48, no. 4 (April 23, 2019): 588–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz037.
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Abstract Introduction frail, older patients are occasionally incapable of keeping their head out of the field of view of a chest radiograph (CXR) resulting in a ‘slumpogram’. This study aims to explore a possible link between a slumped appearance on a CXR; mortality and length of hospital stay. Methods the CXRs of patients aged over 65 admitted to a Health Board with a catchment area of approximately 300,000 were investigated in a retrospective analysis of all CXRs taken during the first week of January 2015. Slumped patients were compared to age matched controls. The degree of slumping was measured by the number of ribs covered and the MA/C factor (the shortest distance between the angle of the mandible and a line drawn between the heads of both acromion divided by the length of the patient’s clavicle). Outcomes investigated included length of hospital stay and 18-month mortality. Results 806 CXRs were viewed with 53 slumped patients and 53 matched controls identified. In all patients aged over 65 there was a statistically significant correlation between the length of stay and the number of ribs covered by the patients’ head (P = 0.038). The MA/C factor was also associated with length of stay (P = 0.025). In patients over 80 there was a significant association between the number of ribs covered and death (P = 0.015). Conclusion a slumped CXR may be associated with longer hospitalisation or death. The results of this small study require further revalidation but if true could help inform clinical decision making.