Academic literature on the topic 'Covert aggression'
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Journal articles on the topic "Covert aggression"
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Huemer, Julia, Ashwini Sagar, Kathleen Alquero, Katie Denny, Richard J. Shaw, and Hans Steiner. "Overt and Covert Aggression in College Women with Bulimia Nervosa." Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie 39, no. 6 (2011): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000139.
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Objective: This study examines the prevalence of overt and covert aggression in women with bulimia nervosa (BN) as well as the relationship between the severity of BN and the frequency of aggressive acts. Patients and methods: 20 female college students with BN and 20 control subjects completed self-report measures of aggressive behavior and eating disorder pathology. They also completed the Juvenile Health and Wellness Survey-76 to assess general risk taking and indices of sexual behavior and mental health. Results: BN subjects reported higher levels of both overt and covert aggression (p < .001). Overt aggression tended to be more premeditated, while the self-report of covert aggression behavior was more impulsive. Levels of aggressive behavior were significantly correlated with severity of BN (p < .01). Subjects with BN reported higher levels of risk-taking and sexual behaviors. Conclusions: Aggression is an important clinical issue in BN. Subtypes of aggression suggest different pathways for overt and covert aggressive acts with impulsive covert aggression being more closely related to the binge-purge cycle. Awareness of subtypes of aggression in BN may have important clinical and treatment implications.
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Popescu, Elena Rodica, Suzana Semeniuc, Luminita Diana Hritcu, et al. "Cortisol and Oxytocin Could Predict Covert Aggression in Some Psychotic Patients." Medicina 57, no. 8 (2021): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57080760.
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Background: The covert or indirect type of aggression has a risk of converting in violent acts and, considering that, it is very important to identify it in order to apply effective preventive measures. In cases of psychotic patients, the risk of becoming violent is harder to predict, as even neuter stimuli may be perceived as threat and trigger aggression. Treating all the psychiatric patients as potential aggressive subjects is not the best preventive measure as only a few of them are aggressive and this measure may further enhance the stigma on mentally ill patients. There is a current need for better understanding of covert aggression and to find objective measures, such as biological markers, that could be indicative of potential violent behavior. In this work, we try to investigate the role of cortisol and oxytocin as potential biomarkers of aggression in patients with psychosis. Material and Methods: We analyzed the level of peripheral oxytocin (pg/mL) and cortisol level (ng/mL) in 28 psychotic patients (they were not on psychotropic treatment at the moment of admission and those with substance abuse or personality disorder were excluded from the study) and correlated it with the intensity of aggression reported by the patient (overt and covert type) using the Overt Covert Aggression Inventory and the level of observed aggression of the patient in the past 7 days (rated by the health care provider) using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale. Results: We found that psychotic patients with a higher level of covert aggression had a lower level of cortisol (61.05 ± 8.04 ng/mL vs. 216.33 ± 12.6.9 ng/mL, p ˂ 0.01) and a higher level of oxytocin (102.87 ± 39.26 vs. 70.01 ± 25.07, p = 0.01) when compared with patients with a lower level of covert aggression. Furthermore, we observed significant negative correlation between cortisol and covert aggression (r = −0.676, p < 0.001) and between oxytocin and covert type of aggression (r = 0.382, p = 0.04). Moreover, we found that a lower level of cortisol together with a higher level of oxytocin are significant predictors of a style of internalized manifestation of aggression, with the predictive model explaining 55% of the variant of the internalized manifestation of aggression (F (2.25) = 17.6, p < 0.001, β = 0.35, R2 = 55.2). We did not find significant correlations between cortisol and overt aggression, and neither between oxytocin and overt aggression. Positive correlations were also found between the overt type of self-reported aggression and overt aggression reported by the rater (r = 0.459, p = 0.01). Conclusions: The importance of a predictive model in understanding covert aggression is imperative and the results of our study show that oxytocin and cortisol warrant to be further investigated in establishing a definitive predictive model for covert aggression.
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Kent, Stacey Ann Marie. "Cognitively Processing Covert Aggression." Academy of Management Proceedings 2020, no. 1 (2020): 19148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2020.19148abstract.
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Miyazaki, Takao, Takahiro Shimizu, Gen Komaki, et al. "Development of the Overt-Covert Aggression Inventory." Psychological Reports 93, no. 1 (2003): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.93.1.26.
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The expression of anger in Japanese people is different from that of other races. We developed a new brief inventory, the Overt-Covert Aggression Inventory, to assess aggressive behavior of Japanese people by focusing on their uniqueness and examined us reliability and validity. This inventory, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, the Japanese version of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and the Picture-Frustration Study were administered to 3,104 men and 316 women in a factory. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and construct validity of the scale were examined. We confirmed that the Overt-Covert Aggression Inventory has adequate reliability and sufficient concurrent validity; however, further studies of the construct validity and discriminant validity are required.
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Nelson, Helen J., Sharyn K. Burns, Garth E. Kendall, and Kimberly A. Schonert-Reichl. "The Factors That Influence and Protect Against Power Imbalance in Covert Bullying Among Preadolescent Children at School." Journal of School Nursing 34, no. 4 (2017): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059840517748417.
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In this article, the perceptions of preadolescent children (ages 9–11) regarding factors that influence and protect against power imbalance associated with covert aggression and bullying are explored. In aggression research, the term covert has been typically used to describe relational, indirect, and social acts of aggression that are hidden. These behaviors contrast with overt physical and verbal aggression. Children have previously conveyed their belief that covert aggression is harmful because adults do not see it even though children, themselves, are aware. We used focus groups to explore children’s understanding of covert aggression and to identify children’s experience and perception of adult support in relation to bullying. Thematic analysis supported the definition of covert aggression as that which is intentionally hidden from adults. Friendship, social exclusion, and secret from teacher were identified as factors that influence power imbalance, while support from friends and adult support protected against power imbalance.
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MIYAZAKI, TAKAO. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE OVERT-COVERT AGGRESSION INVENTORY." Psychological Reports 93, no. 5 (2003): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.93.5.26-34.
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Björkqvist, Kaj, Karin Österman, and Kirsti M. J. Lagerspetz. "Sex differences in covert aggression among adults." Aggressive Behavior 20, no. 1 (1994): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1098-2337(1994)20:1<27::aid-ab2480200105>3.0.co;2-q.
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Nishijo, Muneko, Tai The Pham, Ngoc Thao Pham, et al. "Nutritional Intervention with Dried Bonito Broth for the Amelioration of Aggressive Behaviors in Children with Prenatal Exposure to Dioxins in Vietnam: A Pilot Study." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (2021): 1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051455.
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Dioxins have been suggested to induce inflammation in the intestine and brain and to induce neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), partly due to deficits in parvalbumin-positive neurons in the brain that are sensitive to inflammatory stress. Previously, we reported ADHD traits with increased aggressiveness in children with prenatal exposure to dioxins in Vietnam, whereas dried bonito broth (DBB) has been reported to suppress inflammation and inhibit aggressive behavior in animal and human studies. In the present study, we investigated the association between dioxin exposure and the prevalence of children with highly aggressive behaviors (Study 1), as well as the effects of DBB on the prevalence of children with highly aggressive behaviors (Study 2). Methods: In Study 1, we investigated the effects of dioxin exposure on the prevalence of children with high aggression scores, which were assessed using the Children’s Scale of Hostility and Aggression: Reactive/Proactive (C-SHARP) in dioxin-contaminated areas. The data were analyzed using a logistic regression model after adjusting for confounding factors. In Study 2, we performed nutritional intervention by administering DBB for 60 days to ameliorate the aggressiveness of children with high scores on the C-SHARP aggression scale. The effects of DBB were assessed by comparing the prevalence of children with high C-SHARP scores between the pre- and post-intervention examinations. Results: In Study 1, only the prevalence of children with high covert aggression was significantly increased with an increase in dioxin exposure. In Study 2, in the full ingestion (>80% of goal ingestion volume) group, the prevalence of children with high covert aggression associated with dioxin exposure was significantly lower in the post-ingestion examination compared with in the pre-ingestion examination. However, in other ingestion (<20% and 20–79%) groups and a reference (no intervention) group, no difference in the prevalence of children with high covert aggression was found between the examinations before and after the same experimental period. Conclusions: The findings suggest that DBB ingestion may ameliorate children’s aggressive behavior, which is associated with perinatal dioxin exposure.
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Sagar, A., and H. Steiner. "OVERT AND COVERT AGGRESSION IN WOMEN WITH BULIMIA NERVOSA." Journal of Investigative Medicine 52 (January 2004): S96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042871-200401001-00100.
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Rospenda, Kathleen M., and Judith A. Richman. "The Factor Structure of Generalized Workplace Harassment." Violence and Victims 19, no. 2 (2004): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.19.2.221.64097.
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We describe the development and psychometric characteristics of the Generalized Workplace Harassment Questionnaire (GWHQ), a 29-item instrument developed to assess harassing experiences at work in five conceptual domains: verbal aggression, disrespect, isolation/exclusion, threats/bribes, and physical aggression. Over 1700 current and former university employees completed the GWHQ at three time points. Factor analytic results at each wave of data suggested a five-factor solution that did not correspond to the original five conceptual factors. We suggest a revised scoring scheme for the GWHQ utilizing four of the empirically extracted factors: covert hostility, verbal hostility, manipulation, and physical hostility. Covert hostility was the most frequently experienced type of harassment, followed by verbal hostility, manipulation, and physical hostility. Verbal hostility, covert hostility, and manipulation were found to be significant predictors of psychological distress.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Covert aggression"
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Hughes, Anthony Allen. "The Relationship Between Couple Attachment and Sexual Satisfaction with Covert Relational Aggression as a Mediator: A Longitudinal Study." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2173.
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Using questionnaires, self report, and partner report of spouse, this longitudinal investigation examined the relationship between couple insecure attachment, covert relational aggression, and sexual satisfaction of each partner one year after their initial assessment, while controlling for sexual satisfaction at the time of our initial assessment. Findings showed that wives were more impacted by both actor and partner effects of covert relational aggression. Wives' sexual satisfaction was predicted by the increase in insecure attachment of both self and spouse through covert relational aggression. Wives insecure attachment did not cause a significant decrease in husbands' sexual satisfaction at time 2. Husbands were also impacted but to a lesser degree. An increase in husbands' insecure attachment showed a significant increase in husbands' covert relational aggression. The increase in his covert relational aggression did not, however, predict a significant decline in sexual satisfaction for husbands.
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Clifford, Charity Elaine. "Attachment and Covert Relational Aggression in Marriagewith Shame as a Potential Moderating Variable: A Two Wave Panel Study." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3628.
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Using a two-wave APIM Structural Equation Model, this study investigated how husband and wife attachment styles predict husband and wife covert relational aggression one year later with husband and wife shame as potential moderating variables. Data was taken from 308 married couples in waves three and four of the Flourishing Families project using self-report and partner report of spouse questionnaires. Findings showed that an individual's attachment insecurity predicts their use of relational aggression. Wives' relational aggression is predicted by an increase in husbands' relational aggression. An increase in wives' insecure attachment had less of an impact on husbands' relationally aggressive behavior. Shame predicts the use of relational aggression. Shame moderates some of the actor and partner relationships, showing that in certain cases, as shame increases the relationship between attachment strategy and relational aggression also increases. Clinicians are advised to assess and treat partners as a couple as one partner's attachment and shame may affect the other's behavior, and those high in shame and insecure attachment are more likely to use covert relational aggression.
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Martin, Matthew P. "The Hurtful Relationship: A Longitudinal Study of Relational Aggression and Physical Health in Marriage." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2198.
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Previous literature has examined the link between overt marital conflict and physical health and found that negative interactions in marriage may lead to poorer health. Moreover, recent studies have identified relational aggression as a type of covert marital conflict. However, none have tested for effects of relational aggression on physical health in marriage. The purpose of this research is to further study this type of conflict by examining longitudinal dyadic data to determine how subtle, indirect marital conflict like relational aggression affects the health of spouses. Data from 316 couples, from the first two waves of the BYU Flourishing Families Project, were examined using structural equation modeling. The main finding of this study was that wives who withdraw support and affection from their husbands may experience poorer health a year later. This partner affect was not found to be true for husbands. Clinical implications are discussed, as well as recommendations for future research.
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Janoski, Allison. "More Than Meets the Eye: The Covert Nature of Female Aggression in a Kindergarten Through Second Grade Population." TopSCHOLAR®, 2005. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/501.
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The current study addressed the verification of the existence of relational aggression in boys and girls in a kindergarten through second grade population. There has been little, if any, empirical research conducted with children in kindergarten through second grade concerning their use of relational aggression. The current research was conducted with teachers' reports of aggression styles displayed by their kindergarten through second grade students (N = 257). This research was conducted to compare the incidence of Relational aggression in boys and girls and to compare the incidence of overt aggression in boys and girls. This research also examined whether the older children in this sample exhibited different styles of relational aggression than the younger children in this sample, as it was hypothesized that older children would engage in more covert relational styles of aggression and younger children would engage in more overt relational styles of aggression. Data were collected from teachers via modified and widely accepted teacher report forms: the Preschool Social Behavior Scale - Teacher Form (Crick, Casas, & Mosher, 1997) and the Child Social Behavior Scale - Teacher Form (Crick, 1996). Results confirmed 2 of 3 hypotheses. Teachers reported greater incidence of relational aggression among girls in a kindergarten through second grade age group. Teachers reported greater incidences of overt aggression among boys in a kindergarten through second grade age group. This research failed to find any differences in the styles of relational aggression used among the older and younger children in this sample. Overall, the current findings support the position that children in a kindergarten through second grade population engage in relational aggression. It also supported the position that both females and males engage in aggressive behaviors; however, they use different styles to convey their aggression.
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Salas-Tull, Tamara Jean. "Glossed lips and glossed over : relational aggression in adolescent girls." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-2703.
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Relational aggression is an indirect type of aggression used to damage relationships with others. Adolescent girls frequently encounter this issue, and the ubiquity of technology has expanded the ways in which girls can attack one another, i.e. cyber-bullying. The causes of relational aggression are unknown and could involve a combination of factors, including victim and/or bully psycho-social adjustment, social expectations, or the implicit structure of female friendships in adolescence. The effects range from social anxiety to impacted school performance to depression and suicidality. Groups of friends act much like a family for adolescents in terms of support and intimacy. Using Murray Bowen’s family systems theory as a template, an intervention is proposed where girls are taught techniques that will strengthen relationships with others and themselves.<br>text
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Preininger, D. T. "Experiences of indirect aggression: a systemic investigation." Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1632.
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The past 20 years have seen a growing interest amongst researchers into indirect forms of aggression and bullying. The evidence suggests that covert forms of aggression are largely used by adolescent girls as a means of inflicting harm on another and that the effects of such interactions can be detrimental to the individual's psychological and emotional well-being. This study aims to explore the social experiences of four adolescent girls, with particular reference to indirect aggression practices that they may have encountered. Data was collected in the form of unstructured interviews, which were conducted with each participant separately. Prominent themes were then identified and explored by the researcher. This was done from a systemic epistemological stance within the post-modern paradigm. A qualitative methodological design was followed allowing for the personal experiences and meaning attributions of each participant to come to the fore. The study's results were presented in the form of descriptive text with particular reference to the systemic processes that came to the fore. Overall, the study explicated the unique experiences of four adolescent girls with indirect aggression and how these experiences are interwoven with systemic processes that take place in social groups.<br>Psychology<br>M. A. (Clinical Psychology)
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Padayichie, Kumaree. "An investigation of children's aggression in the foundation phase : a socio-education perspective." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/8572.
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This study served to highlight the aggressive nature of learners in the Foundation Phase, namely of those who are between the ages of 5 to 6 years. The project is based on qualitative research, and the data were collected from three primary schools in the northern suburbs of Johannesburg. Interviews were conducted with two principals, three educators and three parents. Four learners were used in order to gather further information on the causes of the aggressive behaviour of learners.
Their input assisted the researcher to understand the various discipline structures within the school and also, how parents and educators manage the aggressive behaviour of learners.
The study sought to identify whether primary and secondary socialisation, and the influence of the media are related to learners behaving aggressively.
The information collected confirmed that children model the behaviour of adults and of their peers. The principals and the educators were of the opinion that positive primary socialisation is of the utmost importance, as it lays the foundation for future socialisation.<br>Educational Studies<br>M. Ed. (Socio-Education)
Books on the topic "Covert aggression"
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Kaukiainen, Ari. Social intelligence as a prerequisite of indirect aggression: Some manifestations and concomitants of covert forms of aggression. Turun Yliopisto, 2003.
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Reisman, W. Michael. Regulating covert action: Practices, contexts, and policies of covert coercion abroad in international and American law. Yale University Press, 1992.
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Tanham, George K., and Stephen T. Hosmer. Countering Covert Aggression (Rand Note, N-2423-Usdp). Rand Corp, 1986.
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Regulating Covert Action: Practices, Contexts, and Policies of Covert Coercion Abroad in International and American Law. Yale University Press, 2011.
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Jr, George K. Simon. In Sheep's Clothing: Understanding and Dealing with Manipulative People. A. J. Christopher & Company, 1996.
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Trestman, Robert, Kenneth Appelbaum, and Jeffrey Metzner, eds. Oxford Textbook of Correctional Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.001.0001.
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The Oxford Textbook of Correctional Psychiatry addresses the history, structure, and processes of correctional psychiatry, including case law, human rights, ethics, organization and funding of systems, as well as stages of patient management that cover initial assessments through re-entry. It also discusses management issues, emergencies, psychopharmacology topics, sleep, detoxification, reassessment of community diagnoses and treatments, diversion programs, levels of care, malingering, substance use within facilities, and formulary management. It also covers common psychiatric disorders, relevant medical disorders, pain management, psychotherapeutic options, suicide risk management, and addictions treatment. Specific focus is given to aggression, self-injury, and other behavioral challenges, and it also reviews unique assessment and treatment needs of many distinct population groups. Special topics such as forensics, psychological testing, sexual assaults, quality improvement, training, and research are also covered, followed by a section devoted exclusively to current resources in correctional healthcare.
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The Covert Passive-Aggressive Narcissist: Recognizing the Traits and Finding Healing After Hidden Emotional and Psychological Abuse. CreateSpace Classics, 2017.
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Longino, Helen E. Pluralism, incommensurability, and scientific change. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198725978.003.0002.
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Chapter 2 covers views on the nature of scientific change (continuous or discontinuous; cumulative or revolutionary) and about the role of external considerations in science (corruptive or necessary), and how they depend on prior views about the nature of scientific knowledge. It sketches the principal epistemological ideas of logical empiricism, holism, and contextualism and outlines the attitudes toward change and external influence each licenses. The licensed attitudes are illustrated by reference to contemporary research on human aggression.
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Golam Hassan, Asan Ali, Mohd Faisol Md Salleh, and Maria Abdul Rahman, eds. Kedah towards a developed state. UUM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9833282199.
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Kedah: Towards a Developed State is a collection of articles that highlights strategies, recommendation and comments that should be considered and undertaken by the Kedah state government to achieve the target as a developed state by the year 2010. The papers cover many aspects such as development, finance, industry and foreign direct investment, tourism and education and many more. The Kedah Maju Action Plan which is a continuation of the Kedah Development Action Plan (1990 2000) covers the period from 2001 to 2010. It outlines the aggressive strategies that have and will be undertaken to accelerate the economic development of Kedah in order to attain the developed status by the year 2010. One of the most important goals of the plan is to achieve a sustained Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth of 15% annually for ten straight years.
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Kendler, Kenneth S. Introduction to “Pluralism, incommensurability, and scientific change”. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198725978.003.0001.
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Chapter 1 is an introduction to Chapter 2, which covers views on the nature of scientific change (continuous or discontinuous; cumulative or revolutionary) and about the role of external considerations in science (corruptive or necessary), and how they depend on prior views about the nature of scientific knowledge. It sketches the principal epistemological ideas of logical empiricism, holism, and contextualism and outlines the attitudes toward change and external influence each licenses. The licensed attitudes are illustrated by reference to contemporary research on human aggression.
Book chapters on the topic "Covert aggression"
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"Explanatory Factors for Physical Aggression and Covert Behaviors." In Antisocial Behavior and Mental Health Problems. Psychology Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781410602930-13.
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"Growing up mean: Covert aggression and the policing of girlhood." In Problem Girls. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203465189-11.
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Jones, Gwyneth. "The Spook by Science Fiction’s Door." In Joanna Russ. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042638.003.0005.
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“The Spook by Science Fiction’s Door” discusses Joanna’s legendary “anger” and “aggression” in the light of the virulent male outrage her overtly feminist sf provoked, and the (covert) hostility to feminism of even trusted male colleagues. Her problematic fourth novel, We Who Are About To… (1976/77) is reassessed, emphasizing the deliberately schematic structure of this morality play about a failed radical activist, squabbling starship castaways, and “pregnancy by rape.” Pregnancy by rape is also the theme of an important essay, “Amor Vincit Foeminam,” discussed here, along with valuable, insightful essays on H. P. Lovecraft and horror fiction. Stories and reviews include a fine, Lovecraftian tribute to the actor Cecily Tyson, “My Boat”; and a critical response to Kate Wilhelm’s excellent but rather antifeminist The Clewiston Test.
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Parmar, Arpit, G. S. Kaloiya, and Harsimarpreet Kaur. "Temporal Lobe Syndromes." In Examining Biological Foundations of Human Behavior. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2860-0.ch008.
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Temporal lobes are one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex and perform a complex array of interrelated functions. They play an important role in various day-to-day functioning. The common pathologies leading to isolated temporal lobe dysfunction are infarction (of the middle cerebral artery), hemorrhage, seizures, tumors, encephalitis, and traumatic brain injury. Temporal lobe syndromes include a wide array of various neurological (Kluver-Bucy syndrome, Geschwind Gastaut syndrome, etc.), elementary (e.g., vertiginous syndromes, hallucinations, etc.), neuropsychiatric (e.g., anxiety, agitation, aggression, etc.), and cognitive (e.g., Korsakoff amnesia, cortical deafness, etc.) disorders. The presentation depends on a multitude of factors including involvement of dominant or non-dominant lobe. Left temporal lobe involvement usually leads to various forms of aphasia while right side involvement leads to more covert and varied syndromes. In this chapter, the authors discuss the anatomy of the temporal lobe, its functional aspects, and various syndromes of temporal lobe dysfunction.
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Loeber, Rolf, David P. Farrington, Magda Stouthamer-Loeber, and Welmoet B. Van Kammen. "Multiple risk factors for multiproblem boys: Co-occurrence of delinquency, substance use, attention deficit, conduct problems, physical aggression, covert behavior, depressed mood, and shy/withdrawn behavior." In New Perspectives on Adolescent Risk Behavior. Cambridge University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511571138.005.
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Winnicott, Donald W. "The Manic Defence." In The Collected Works of D. W. Winnicott. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190271336.003.0068.
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In his membership paper to the BPAS, Winnicott presents certain aspects of the manic defence and of its relations to the depressive position. The term ‘manic defence’ is intended to cover a person’s capacity to deny the depressive anxiety that is inherent in emotional development, anxiety that belongs to the capacity of the individual to feel guilt and also to acknowledge responsibility for instinctual experiences, and for the aggression in the fantasy that goes with such instinctual experiences.
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Hargrave, Constance P. "Analyzing University Exploitation of Diversity to Legitimize Hiring Discrimination." In Navigating Micro-Aggressions Toward Women in Higher Education. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5942-9.ch012.
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This critical race counter-story chronicles a Black woman professor's candidacy for an associate dean position at a predominantly White institution. It is uncommon to hear the voices of those who have been marginalized and disenfranchised in the hiring process at a university. This counter-narrative disrupts the silencing of voices at the margin and challenges the master narrative of the university hiring process by giving voice to a Black woman professor's experience. Using covert racism, the researcher deconstructs the university's actions to operationalize a deficit narrative of her associate dean candidacy, while simultaneously espousing a commitment to diversity by increasing funding to an outreach program for students of color. The chapter concludes with a discussion of self-care. Black feminist thought provides the framework to understand how acts of self-care influenced the self-definition of the Black woman professor.
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Ehrenreich-May, Jill, Sarah M. Kennedy, Jamie A. Sherman, et al. "Core Module 7: Situational Emotion Exposure." In Unified Protocols for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780199340989.003.0007.
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Chapter 7 covers situational emotion exposure. The module begins with a review of previously learned skills. The therapist helps the adolescent to identify situations in which they continue to use maladaptive emotional behaviors, including instance of behavioral avoidance, cognitive avoidance, and aggression, to cope with strong emotions. The therapist then works with clients to help them approach and/or use more adaptive behaviors in these situations. Information about additional skills applicable to those with obsessive-compulsive symptoms or needs for social skills development in concert with situational emotion exposure is also provided.
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Carson, Austin. "The War in Afghanistan (1979–1986)." In Secret Wars. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691181769.003.0007.
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This chapter analyzes the end of the Cold War and external involvement in Afghanistan. On the Soviet side, the December 1979 invasion was preceded by six months of covert involvement in counterinsurgency military operations. The chapter reviews evidence on the motives for covertness and the detection of it by American leaders. It then assesses covertness in the American weapons supply program after the overt Soviet invasion. Escalation fears—in particular, fear of provoking Soviet retaliation against Pakistan and a larger regional war—led to consistent efforts to keep the expanding U.S. aid program covert from 1979 to 1985. By the mid-1980s, however, American leaders embraced a more aggressive strategy and identified key changes that largely eliminated the risk of escalation, leading them to approve an overt form of weaponry (the Stinger missile system). The chapter also reviews covert Soviet cross-border operations into Pakistan and U.S. inferences from its detection of these activities.
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Gallagher-Thompson, Dolores, and Larry W. Thompson. "Module 6: Communication Tools." In Treating Late Life Depression, edited by Dolores Gallagher-Thompson and Larry W. Thompson. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780195383690.003.0009.
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This chapter outlines the sixth module of CBT for late-life depression, which covers communication tools, including the communication continuum (passive, aggressive, and effective/assertive communication styles), effective communication in conflicted situations, role playing activities, and techniques to improve interpersonal effectiveness, such as ‘I’ statements, compromise, repetition, and techniques for developing new relationships.
Conference papers on the topic "Covert aggression"
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Janikowski, Daniel S., and William J. Kubik. "Cooling Water Chemistry: Friend or Foe." In ASME 2006 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2006-88104.
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With today’s growing restrictions in sources and chemical treatment, cooling water that has low corrosive potential is difficult to find. Today’s sources are more aggressive (corrosive) creating a greater challenge to the survival of tubing materials. Pitting and crevice corrosion have become much more common. This paper identifies and summarizes those changes, concerns, and provides suggestions on how a utility can prevent long-term problems. It will cover the water factors to consider and monitor, proper lay-up practices, and material selections based on cooling water chemistry and practices.
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Sohawon, Haris, and Hans Beushausen. "The effect of hydrophobic impregnation on chloride ingress into cracked concrete." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1963.
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<p>Premature concrete degradation due to rebar corrosion has many financial and social implications on a large scale. Direct costs relate to the repair and rehabilitation of existing structures to maintain serviceability while indirect costs include loss in productivity and reduced economic growth. Hydrophobic (silane) impregnation represents a cost-effective way to increase the durability of concrete structures in cases where insufficient design cover quality and depth have been achieved. The water repellent product lines the internal capillary pore structure and provides a water-repellent concrete surface. Thus, the risk of reinforcement corrosion initiation and subsequent deterioration can be reduced as the ingress of water-dissolved aggressive species (chlorides) is minimised or prevented. The purpose of this study was to investigate and quantify the influence of silane impregnation as a remedial measure for poor quality or insufficient cover depth in newly constructed structures and ultimately predict the service life extension possible for specific cover depths. The effectiveness of silane impregnation in cracked concrete was also studied. The results indicate that silane impregnation reduces capillary absorption and conductivity of chloride ions for all the mixes. Chloride ingress in the treated concrete mixes was suppressed and lower chloride surface concentration (C<sub>s</sub> and apparent chloride diffusion coefficient (D<sub>a</sub>) were recorded. A slight decrease in carbonation depth was observed in the w/b 0.60 concrete mixes. The results also suggest that silane impregnation reduces chloride ingress in cracked concrete (up to a crack width of 0.6 mm). A lower rate of chloride ingress was predicted in the silane treated concrete and consequently to achieve the same service life, smaller cover depths are required. The overall results indicate that the service life of concrete with inadequate cover depth and quality, regardless of the binder type, can be effectively extended using hydrophobic (silane) impregnation, assuming proper surface preparation and application methods.</p>
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Zarea, Mures, Remi Batisse, Brian Leis, Philippe Cardin, and Geoff Vignal. "Full Scale Experimental Database of Dent and Gouge Defects to Improve Burst and Fatigue Strength Models of Pipelines." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90620.
Full textAbstract:
External interference on gas and oil transmission pipelines is consistently reported as leading cause of leaks in Europe and USA as identified in the EGIG and PHMSA incident databases. External interference due to ground working machinery strikes, rock strikes during backfilling, etc. on buried pipelines result mainly in dent and gouge defects. The long-term integrity of a pipeline segment damaged by a dent and gouge defect is a complex function of a variety of parameters, including pipe material properties, pipe geometry, defect geometry linked to indenter shape, aggression conditions. The complexity and extreme variability of these dent and gouge defect shapes and pipe materials lead simple assessment models to scattered predictions, hinting towards an insufficient description of real structural and material behavior. To improve knowledge beyond the numerous studies led in the past, and to provide a sound foundation for developing and validating mechanistic models for predicting burst and fatigue strength of such defects, a large experimental program was funded by PRCI and US DoT and further coordinated with a complementary EPRG program. The experimental program part dealing with combined “Dent and Gouge” defects is covered for modern pipes (24″ OD, X52 and X70) by PRCI project MD-4-1: realistically created (with a Pipe Aggression Rig) defects submitted to full scale burst and fatigue tests, in addition to extensive characterization. This work interfaces with modeling to predict the immediate burst strength and fatigue resistance of such damage in two PRCI projects denoted MD-4-3 and MD-4-4 respectively. This paper gives an overview of some of these activities: PRCI project MD-4-1 results: material characterization, full scale burst and fatigue tests on Dents with Gouges, as well as detailed explanations concerning the initial approach to model burst and fatigue life of these defects, as developed byr PRCI project MD-4-4. The final outcome of the expected knowledge improvements about the mechanical strength of dent and gouge combinations will be applicable by pipeline operators, in order to enhance integrity management systems designed to manage the threat associated with mechanical damage.
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Depisch, Frank, and Juergen Kupitz. "Results of INPRO in the Area of Economics." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49210.
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In the area of Economics four selected scenarios from the SRES study have been analysed within the International Project on Innovative Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO) of the IAEA. They cover a range of possible future developments characterized by different degrees of globalisation and by different relative priorities on economic and environmental objectives. Four “aggressive nuclear” variants, one for each of the four selected SRES scenarios, are also analyzed. Provided innovative nuclear energy systems (INS) are economically competitive, they can play a major role in meeting future energy needs. Future economic competitiveness will depend on the speed of continuing cost reductions achieved by nuclear energy relative to competing technologies. The paper presents specific capital costs and electricity production costs at which nuclear energy is competitive in 2050 in the four selected SRES scenarios, and estimates corresponding costs for nuclear energy in the four aggressive nuclear variants. The important message is that for nuclear technology to gain and grow market share it must benefit sufficiently from learning to keep it competitive with competing energy technologies. For such learning to take place experience must be gained and to gain such experience the energy from INS must be cost competitive with energy from alternative sources and INS must represent an attractive investment to compete successfully in the capital market place. In total, INPRO defined two basic principles, five user requirements and several criteria in this area, which are presented in the full paper. To be cost competitive all component costs, e.g., capital costs, operating and maintenance costs, fuel costs, must be considered and managed to keep the total unit energy cost competitive. Limits on fuel costs in turn imply limits on the capital and operating cost of fuel cycle facilities, including mines, fuel processing and enrichment, fuel reprocessing and the decommissioning and long term management of the wastes from these facilities. Cost competitiveness of energy from INS will contribute to investor confidence, i.e. to the attractiveness of investing in INS, as will a competitive rate of return.
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Hrabovský, Peter. "Impact of Material On Energy Efficiency of Distribution System." In 2nd International Conference on Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.icrset.2019.11.790.
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The article focuses on technologies that are closely linked to the use of renewable energy sources. We are living at a time when the emphasis is on increasing the share of production and use of heat and electricity generated by technologies using the sun, wind, water and earth. By transforming energy from sources like the Sun and the Earth, we use solar, photovoltaic collectors, heat pumps and circulation systems. Energy production in these ways is limited, therefore the research and development of individual systems is pushing the possibilities of using renewable energy sources forward. The main objective of obtaining energy from renewable sources is to cover the energy performance of buildings and people’s requirements to ensure optimal thermal comfort with maximum use of energy from renewable sources. When designing the required technologies, it is necessary to emphasize the choice of construction material for individual parts of the energy system. If we want to extract energy from the earth it is necessary to design a material suitable for aggressive soil environment – the Earth’s shell. The negative impact of soil chemical and physical properties affects not only the material structure of a part of the technology, but also the overall efficiency of the energy system.
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Shaofeng, Wang, Qian Yu, Feng Qingsong, Luo Xinwei, and Guo Feng. "Influence of Rail Cant on High Rail Side Wear on Sharp Curve of Urban Transit." In 2019 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2019-1260.
Full textAbstract:
The increasing of traffic and operation speed in urban transits has accelerated the degradation of track components. Rail wear, especially extended side wear of the high rail on sharp curves has caused rail premature failure. The factors that contributing to the rail side wear should be investigated in order to seek possible solutions to extend the rail service life and reduce maintenance cost. The rail wear is caused by the aggressive contact between the wheel and the rail. Rail cant directly affects the wheel-rail contact and the values varies depending on the choice of the transit agencies. There are several popular rail cants cross the world, namely 1:40, 1:30, 1:20, and so on. However, the optimal rail cant to minimize rail wear remains unknown. This study performs a numerical parametric analysis on the effect of rail cant on high rail side wear based on the vehicle-track multi-body dynamics. The wheel-rail contact state is calculated first with trains passing sharp curves with different rail cants. Then the high rail wear value is quantified by the Archard wear model. The numerical simulation in this study covers the whole process of the development of high rail side wear from the new rail status to the heavily worn status. The findings from this study could potential help to set the optimal cant for sharp curves in transit tracks.
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Hosek, Martin. "Time-Optimum Trajectories for Robots With Multiple End-Effectors." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41178.
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Aggressive throughput performance of automated tools for semiconductor and flat-panel-display manufacturing applications have led to development of substrate-handling robots with multiple end-effectors. For maximum throughput levels, a method for calculating a time-optimum substrate transfer trajectory without causing any of the substrates carried by the robot to slide, and without violating other prescribed constraints, is required. This paper presents an algorithm which provides the required functionality with desirable computational efficiency and reliability. The key idea is to identify the set of fundamental trajectory shapes which cover all possible combinations of constraints for a given category of moves, e.g., moves along a straight line or along a circular arc, decompose the fundamental shapes into segments where a single constraint is active, and determine the time-optimum motion profiles in the segments. The fundamental shapes for each of the categories are found as simplified versions of the generic shape which corresponds to the case when all of the constraints are active. Each of the shapes has a set of conditions associated with it to determine whether the shape can be used for a particular move. An example comparison of a motion profile generated based on pre-defined time-optimum shapes with a conventional s-curve trajectory demonstrates that the present algorithm produces substantially faster motion, resulting in an improved throughput performance of the robot.
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Mudawar, Issam. "Recent Advances in High-Flux, Two-Phase Thermal Management." In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17046.
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Recent developments in applications such as computer data centers, electric vehicle power electronics, avionics, radars and lasers have led to alarming increases in heat dissipation rate, which now far exceeds the capability of air cooling schemes and even the most aggressive single-phase liquid cooling schemes. This trend is responsible for a recent transition to two-phase cooling, which capitalizes upon the coolant’s latent heat rather than sensible heat alone to achieve several order-of-magnitude increases in heat transfer coefficient. Three two-phase cooling configurations have surfaced as top contenders for the most demanding applications: mini/micro-channel, jet and spray. This study will explore the implementation of these configurations into practical cooling packages, assess available predictive tools, and identify future research needs for each. It is shown that the design and performance assessment of high-flux, two-phase cooling systems are highly dependent on empirical or semi-empirical predictive tools and, to a far lesser extent, theoretical mechanistic models. A major challenge in using such tools is the lack of databases for coolants with drastically different thermophysical properties, and which cover broad ranges of such important parameters as flow passage size, mass velocity, quality and pressure. Recommendations are therefore made for future research to correct any critical knowledge gaps, including the need for robust computer algorithms. Also discussed is a new class of ‘hybrid’ cooling schemes that capitalize upon the merits of multiple cooling configurations. It is shown that these hybrid schemes not only surpass the basic cooling configurations in heat dissipation rate, but they also provide better surface temperature uniformity.
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Wu, Han, Karthik Nithyanandan, Boqi Li, Timothy H. Lee, Chia-fon F. Lee, and Chunhua Zhang. "Investigation on Spray and Soot Lift-Off Length of an ABE-Diesel Blend in a Constant Volume Chamber With Diesel Engine Conditions." In ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2014-5645.
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Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE), an intermediate product in the ABE fermentation process for producing bio-butanol, is considered as a promising alternative fuel because it not only preserves the advantages of oxygenated fuel, which typically emit less pollutants compared to conventional diesel, but also lowers the cost of fuel recovery for each individual component during the fermentation. In this work, 20% ABE with component ratio of 3:6:1 and 80% ultra-sulfur diesel by volume, referred as ABE20, and pure diesel, referred as D100, were injected and combusted in a constant volume chamber with the ability to mimic high temperature and high pressure conditions of real diesel cylinder near the top dead center. By adjusting intake partial pressure and injection timing, the ambient oxygen concentration and temperature for fuel injection can be controlled. Ambient temperatures were set at 1100K, 900K and 700K to cover conventional temperature combustion and low temperature combustion, while the ambient oxygen concentrations were set at 21%, 16% and 11% to cover different EGR ratios separately. Spray and natural flame images were captured by a high speed camera coupled with a copper vapor laser as a light source. The results show that spray liquid penetration and soot lift-off length are shorter and much longer for ABE20 than those for D100 separately under all tested conditions, which form a much bigger gap from spray tip to the combustion area for ABE20. A big gap reduces the local equivalence ratio at the combustion area and then suppresses the soot formation due to the gap is the most effective area for air-fuel mixing processes. Indeed, the natural flame luminosity which represents the soot emission level of ABE20 is significantly lower than that of D100 at all tested conditions. At the same time, ABE20 performed a similar combustion phasing with D100 under high ambient temperature, but experienced an aggressive retardation under low ambient temperatures especially with low ambient oxygen concentrations. In addition, ABE20 did not show a stronger concentrated premixed combustion since its heat release rate peak is lower than that of D100, which was also confirmed by its longer combustion duration. Therefore, ABE20 expresses a high potential to reduce soot emissions but it also has to face combustion deterioration at low temperature combustion conditions.
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Escarraga, Cristian, Emiro Leon, Marcia Benavides, and Tatiana Taborda. "SUCCESSFUL SAND PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT THROUGH ADVANCED ANALYSIS OF WELL INTEGRITY LOGS IN CASABE FIELD, COLOMBIA." In 2021 SPWLA 62nd Annual Logging Symposium Online. Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/spwla-2021-0018.
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Casabe Field is a heavy crude mature field with 260 producers, under selective injection of water with 350 injectors, producing close to 14,000 bbl/d of oil and about 80,000 bbl/d of water are being selectively injected under a 5-spot injection model. High water injection rates develop as consequence high flow velocities along its high permeability thinned sands, causing sand jetting over the cement and casing and seriously affecting the integrity of the well and zonal isolation. As typical in a brown field, operational costs are close to the limit, and sand cleaning represents almost 90% of workover operations with an average of 3.4 sand cleaning interventions per year in evaluated wells, which means an inoperability of 40% of time per year. Those events have represented millions of dollars in well interventions, abandonments, and water treatment, for which an aggressive sand management strategy was designed to optimize field operation. This strategy consists of identifying producing intervals with evidence of sand production in wells with high failure rates, in order to take effective and efficient corrective actions to recover the normal operation of the well with an optimized production. The identification of potential sand-producer intervals has been performed with the combination of last generation of cement evaluation with porosity wireline tools, applying a novel analysis of the acquired data through the processing of a flexural wave to characterize the geometry of the third interface (or open hole). Characterizing the annular geometry with mentioned technologies, has helped identify indications of cavern development behind the casing which also correlates with casing deformation, corrosion, and cement degradation, something expected at sand-jetted intervals. This, of course, means not only production loss but also integrity loss that threatens nearby zonal isolation. In all the cases where caverns have been detected, cement was strategically and efficiently pumped to cover formation washout. Post-workover and production reports indicate continued production was reached as inoperative time was reduced from 40% to 10%, but also well intervention for sand clean out was reduced from 3.4 to 1.4 per year on evaluated wells. This sand management strategy has been conducted in 10 wells in which more than USD 9 million cost-saving in workover activities have been reported. The application of new technologies and new ways of data analysis to inspect the physical condition of downhole barriers enabled the operator to save costs and to maintain the control of the integrity of the wells in aggressive environments such as the existing in Casabe Field. The experience gained in the process of identifying caverns behind the casing can be easily passed to other engineering teams facing similar situations, for example in neighboring fields of the Medium Magdalena Valley of Colombia.